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Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh (BLE Mesh) enables Bluetooth flexibility and coverage by introducing Low-Power Nodes (LPNs) and enhanced networking protocol. It is also a commonly used communication method in sensor networks. In BLE Mesh, LPNs are periodically woken to exchange messages in a stop-and-wait way, where the tradeoff between energy and efficiency is a hard problem. Related works have reduced the energy consumption of LPNs mainly in the direction of changing the bearer layer, improving time synchronization and broadcast channel utilization. These algorithms improve communication efficiency; however, they cause energy loss, especially for the LPNs. In this paper, we propose a constrained flooding algorithm based on time series prediction and lightweight GBN (Go-Back-N). On the one hand, the wake-up cycle of the LPNs is determined by the time series prediction of the surrounding load. On the other, LPNs exchange messages through lightweight GBN, which improves the window and ACK mechanisms. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the Time series Prediction and LlightWeight GBN (TP-LW) algorithm in energy consumption and throughput. Compared with the original algorithm of BLE Mesh, when fewer packets are transmitted, the throughput is increased by 214.71%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 65.14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of energy harvesting (EH) on an automatic repeat request based cooperative communication network comprised of a source, a relay, and two destination nodes, are investigated in Rayleigh fading channels. The energy of the decode-and-forward relay is provided by EH throughout the radio frequency signal from the source. In the proposed transmission protocol, the source transmits a data packet to the relay and two destination nodes by direct links. If the transmission is successful at both destination nodes, these nodes reply by an acknowledgement (ACK) signal to the source and the relay. Otherwise, there are two alternatives: If the relay has received this data packet successfully and replied by an ACK signal, then it cooperates and transmits the data packet for a second time to two destination nodes. If the relay has failed and replied by a non-acknowledgement signal, the source in this case retransmits this packet to the destination nodes by direct links. First, a broadcast channel is considered where the source transmits the same data packet to the relay and destination nodes. Second, the non-orthogonal multiple access technique is applied to the same network where different packets are sent to each destination node by means of superposition coding. In both cases, the system throughputs are obtained from the derived closed-form expressions for the outage probabilities based on the Markov chain model. All theoretical results are supported by computer simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the unique dimensions of social reality in domestic sitcoms, one of the fundamental dynamics of television narrative, from a Zygmunt Bauman sociological perspective. According to Bauman, causal relationships and proximities are inherent characteristics of human existence. At the core of love lies uncertainty. What makes love temporary is the ideal intention that it cannot exist without it. The ultimate goal of love for each individual is the happiness of its object. The perfect model of imitating love is not to love in order to acquire something one has not had before, to give up the richness of one's own life, security, and sense of integrity. All loves should be like this. In this study, the Turkish TV series "Avrupa Yakası," which was broadcast on ATV channel between 2004-2009, is examined. The series narrates the humorous story of the Sütçüoğlu family living in Nişantaşı and the employees of Avrupa Yakası. In this study, utilizing a sociological analysis method, the loves, emotional events, and gender relationships in the series are examined from Bauman's perspective. Problems such as temporary relationships among characters in the liquid modern life of the modern era, distancing couples, the depreciation of love, and the impermanence of emotions are analyzed and interpreted in light of Bauman's views on love. As a result, it has been observed that the series reflects the social and cultural dynamics of the phenomenon of love in society and likely tells the future direction of love in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Primary Education (TUJPED) is the property of Turkish Journal of Primary Education (TUJPED) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While depolarization of the neuronal membrane is known to evoke the neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles, hyperpolarization is regarded as a resting state of chemical neurotransmission. Here, we report that hyperpolarizing neurons can actively signal neural information by employing undocked hemichannels. We show that UNC-7, a member of the innexin family in Caenorhabditis elegans, functions as a hemichannel in thermosensory neurons and transmits temperature information from the thermosensory neurons to their postsynaptic interneurons. By monitoring neural activities in freely behaving animals, we find that hyperpolarizing thermosensory neurons inhibit the activity of the interneurons and that UNC-7 hemichannels regulate this process. UNC-7 is required to control thermotaxis behavior and functions independently of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Our findings suggest that innexin hemichannels mediate neurotransmission from hyperpolarizing neurons in a manner that is distinct from the synaptic transmission, expanding the way of neural circuitry operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In wireless communications, eavesdropping is a threat due to the broadcast nature of the channel. Therefore, in addition to the rate and the error probability, the secrecy level should be considered in design and analysis of a system. In this study, by the error probability and the channel outage analysis, we derive the secret diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) for a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channel. We consider two multiuser schemes, multiple-access channel and user-selection. Secret DMT characterizes the relation of the error probability, the secrecy and the rate of the system at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We quantify how the number of users and antennas at all the nodes affects the secret DMT performance of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how rt Arabic and Sky News Arabia channels present the news about isis through their newscasts; revealing the visual technologies these networks adopted in covering isis. This study centers its analysis on a sample of news stories solely about isis in two international news networks, rt Arabic and Sky News Arabia as broadcast on their satellite channels and their websites from the period 2014 to 2017. The study found that among the eleven different types of newsroom visual technologies identified in the study, both channels relied on graphs most frequently to present isis news visually. However, unlike Sky News Arabia, rt Arabic employed limited usage of visual technology to cover the brutality and violent acts of isis in its coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The celebrated Blahut–Arimoto algorithm computes the capacity of a discrete memoryless point-to-point channel by alternately maximizing the objective function of a maximization problem. This algorithm has been applied to degraded broadcast channels, in which the supporting hyperplanes of the capacity region are again cast as maximization problems. In this work, we consider general broadcast channels and extend this algorithm to compute inner and outer bounds on the capacity regions. Our main contributions are as follows: first, we show that the optimization problems are max–min problems and that the exchange of minimum and maximum holds; second, we design Blahut–Arimoto algorithms for the maximization part and gradient descent algorithms for the minimization part; third, we provide convergence analysis for both parts. Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of our algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expected development of the future generation of wireless communications systems such as 6G aims to achieve an ultrareliable and low-latency communications (URLLCs) while maximizing the data rates. These requirements push research into developing new advanced technologies. To this end, massive multiple input multiple output (MMIMO) is introduced as a promising transmission approach to fulfill these requirements. However, maximizing the downlink-achievable sum rate (DASR) in MMIMO with a frequency division duplex (FDD) transmission mode and limited coherence time (LCT) is very challenging. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a DASR maximization approach using a feasible power allocation optimization method. The proposed approach is based on smartly allocating the total transmit power between the data transmission and training sequence transmission for channel estimation. This can be achieved by allocating more energy to the training signal than the data transmission during the channel estimation process to improve the quality of channel estimation without compromising more training sequence length, thus maximizing the DASR. Additionally, the theory of random matrix approach is exploited to derive an asymptotic closed-form expression for the DASR with a regularized zero-forcing precoder (RZFP), which allows the power optimization process to be achieved without the need for computationally complex Monte Carlo simulations. The results provided in this paper indicate that a considerable enhancement in the DASR performance is achieved using the proposed power allocation method in comparison with the conventional uniform power allocation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do state-controlled broadcasters reach foreign publics to engage in public diplomacy in the era of social media? Previous research suggests that features unique to social media, such as the ability to engage in two-way communication with audiences, provide statecontrolled broadcasters new opportunities for online public diplomacy. In this paper, we examine what strategies were used by four Chinese state-controlled media outlets on Twitter to reach foreign publics as the Chinese Communist Party worked to expand its public diplomacy and international media outreach efforts. We find that all outlets increased the volume and diversity of content while none engaged in interactive, two-way communication with audiences, and none appeared to artificially inflate their follower count. One outlet, China Global Television Network, made outsized gains in followership, and it differs from the other Chinese outlets in that it was rebranded, it disseminated a relatively lower share of government-mandated narratives pertaining to China, and the tone of its reporting was more negative. These results show that during a period when Chinese statecontrolled broadcasters gained followers on Twitter, outlets made limited use of features unique to social media and instead primarily used social media as a broadcast channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Parental education programs protect children and adolescents from negative outcomes. A survey study to estimate the knowledge that mothers and fathers have about parenting programs was designed. Method: 2169 parents participated, of which 71.28 % (n = 1546) were cohabiting mothers, 9.5 % (n = 206) were separated or divorced mothers, 17.52 % (n = 380) were cohabiting fathers, and 1.71 % (n = 37) were separated or divorced parents, responded to the International Parent Survey. Results: The results suggest that the participants are unaware of the existence of parenting support programs, few have participated in any of the programs, the best known parenting program is the one that has been broadcast by a television channel, the most frequently mentioned reasons by all parents for not having participated in a parenting program are not considering them necessary and lack of information about their existence, those who have not participated in parenting programs are less satisfied with the information available on parenting and the support services available to them as parents, parents in a relationship break-up are those who feel the greatest need for proper parenting training, parents disagree with physical punishment as a discipline technique; and parents consider that parenting and discipline is a private family matter. Conclusions: It concludes on the need to disseminate, from different areas, the benefits of the exercise of positive co-parenting for all members of the family, and among children, as well as the need to be trained and receive support to exercise it properly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadcasting in wireless channels causes security vulnerabilities since both the intended receiver and the eavesdropper may receive the information. Physical layer security (PLS) ensures the confidentiality of information transmitted wireless medium, even in the presence of eavesdroppers, without relying on cryptographic techniques implemented at higher layers. A PLS method for cooperative relay based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with optimal relay selection and power optimization is proposed. In order to increase the overall system's secrecy rate, a hybrid relaying and water filling based optimal power allocation is performed for multi-relay assisted OFDM-based wireless networks. By changing the eavesdroppers' distances, the performance efficiency of the proposed system is verified. The analysis is carried out for both Full Duplex (FD) and Half Duplex (HD) systems and their performances are compared with existing equal power allocation technique. The proposed method combines relay selection and novel power optimization process to improve secrecy rate than the existing power allocation methods for both HD and FD systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-theoretic analysis of the communication systems performances is of practical and theoretical importance. In this paper, (i) Specifically, we generalize the Cover–Chiang work on point to point channel with two-sided state information to two-receiver less noisy broadcast channel (2R-LN-BC) with different side information non-causally known at the encoder as well as the decoders, and obtain the capacity region including the previous works as its special cases. Then, (ii) the obtained result is expanded to the continuous alphabet Gaussian version. In this Gaussian version, the side information available at the receivers are supposed to be correlated on the channel noises and the impact of these receivers cognition of the noises on the capacity region is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TRAAK channels are mechano-gated two-pore-domain K+ channels. Up to now, activity of these channels has been reported in neurons but not in skeletal muscle, yet an archetype of tissue challenged by mechanical stress. Using patch clamp methods on isolated skeletal muscle fibers from adult zebrafish, we show here that single channels sharing properties of TRAAK channels, i.e., selective to K+ ions, of 56 pS unitary conductance in the presence of 5 mM external K+, activated by membrane stretch, heat, arachidonic acid, and internal alkaline pH, are present in enzymatically isolated fast skeletal muscle fibers from adult zebrafish. The kcnk4b transcript encoding for TRAAK channels was cloned and found, concomitantly with activity of mechano-gated K+ channels, to be absent in zebrafish fast skeletal muscles at the larval stage but arising around 1 mo of age. The transfer of the kcnk4b gene in HEK cells and in the adult mouse muscle, that do not express functional TRAAK channels, led to expression and activity of mechano-gated K+ channels displaying properties comparable to native zebrafish TRAAK channels. In whole-cell voltage-clamp and current-clamp conditions, membrane stretch and heat led to activation of macroscopic K+ currents and to acceleration of the repolarization phase of action potentials respectively, suggesting that heat production and membrane deformation associated with skeletal muscle activity can control muscle excitability through TRAAK channel activation. TRAAK channels may represent a teleost-specific evolutionary product contributing to improve swimming performance for escaping predators and capturing prey at a critical stage of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we want to investigate classical-quantum multiple access wiretap channels (CQ-MA-WTC) under one-shot setting. In this regard, we analyze the CQ-MA-WTC using a simultaneous position-based decoder for reliable decoding and using a newly introduced technique to decode securely. Also, for the sake of comparison, we analyze the CQ-MA-WTC using Sen's one-shot joint typicality lemma for reliable decoding. The simultaneous position-based decoder tends to a multiple hypothesis testing problem. Also, using convex splitting to analyze the privacy criteria in a simultaneous scenario becomes problematic. To overcome both problems, we first introduce a new channel that can be considered as a dual to the CQ-MA-WTC. This channel is called a point-to-point quantum wiretap channel with multiple messages (PP-QWTC). In the following, as a strategy to solve the problem, we also investigate and analyze quantum broadcast channels (QBC) in the one-shot regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5G New Radio synchronization procedure is the first step that the user must complete to access the mobile network. It mainly consists of the detection of the primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS and SSS, respectively) and the decoding of the physical broadcast channel (PBCH). Our goal is to provide a comprehensive study of the synchronization procedure and investigate different techniques and approaches, through the implementation of a 5G New Radio-compliant simulator. Of significant interest is the investigation of impairments such as the fading channel, the frequency offset, and the delay spread. The results are provided in terms of detection probability for the PSS and SSS detection, and in terms of block error rate for the PBCH. From the data collected, there is evidence that choosing M-sequences for the PSS leads to an appreciably robust solution against frequency offset. The structure of the Gold sequences for SSS generation can be exploited to reduce the detection complexity, and different approaches can be chosen to improve reliability against delay spread. Moreover, the polar coding for 5G PBCH outperforms the former 4G coding technique, but they are still sensible to frequency offset. Finally, the simulator functionalities are validated through real captures of 5G signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER EXPLORES HOW REVISIONIST AUTOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS USE GLOBAL BROADCASTING NEWS CHANNELS TO COUNTER THE SO-CALLED WESTERN HEGEMONY NARRATIVE. IT FOCUSES ON HOW AND WHY THE SPANISH-SPEAKING WORLD WAS TARGETED BY INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTERS FOUNDED BY AUTOCRATIC AND REVISIONIST GOVERNMENTS AND HOW THE WAR WAGED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGAINST UKRAINE IS PRESENTED IN THREE SO-CALLED 'ANTI-HEGEMONY' MEDIA NETWORKS: CHINA GLOBAL TELEVISION NETWORK EN ESPAÑOL (CGTN), TELESUR AND HISPAN TV. BY USING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS SUCH AS CONTENT ANALYSIS AND CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NEWS COVERING THE RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE PRESENTED BY TELESUR, HISPAN TV AND CGTN IN SPANISH SINCE 24 FEBRUARY 2022, THIS PAPER ARGUES THAT ALL THREE MEDIA CHANNELS PROMOTE IN DIFFERENT SHADES A KREMLIN-BASED NARRATIVE. THE ARTICLE FURTHER DEBATES THE PROFOUND FOREIGN POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THIS TACIT MEDIA ALLIANCE AND SUPPORTS THE CONCLUSION THAT THE CURRENT WAR WAGED BY RUSSIA IN UKRAINE IS USED IN DIFFERENT WAYS BY REVISIONIST AND ASSERTIVE GOVERNMENTS TO PROMOTE THEIR OWN REVISIONIST AGENDAS BOTH DOMESTICALLY AND ABROAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A democratic society is characterised by the respect accorded to the dignity and rights of all its members. These values are also transmitted by high-consumption media cultural products such as music videos. This article discusses the representation of women in music videos published in Spanish on music broadcast platforms in 2019 in order to observe the multimodal discourses to which our society is exposed. After identifying a total of 4197 videos, 47 of the highest emission frequencies were extracted. Using the qualitative data analysis programme ATLAS.ti, narrative, linguistic and visual resources, as well as cinematographic components, were analysed. The results reveal clear attacks on female dignity. Normalised sexist violence is observed in songs on the Hispanic market, where women are commodified as sexual objects on both audiovisual and linguistic levels. Hierarchical relationships are also shown, which position women on an inferior plane. In conclusion, commercial channels broadcast music videos from the Hispanic market that violate feminine dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum information masking encodes an arbitrary quantum state into a multipartite system such that the original information of input states is completely unknown to local subsystems. In this work, we investigate the quantitative distribution of quantum information masking. We regard quantum information maskers as quantum broadcasting channels and propose the Holevo's quantity as a measure of the information carried by local subsystems. Based on the theory of quantum channels, we first give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of perfect quantum information masking. Then, we investigate information recovery from the union of local subsystems. We find a close connection between quantum information masking and codes for quantum erasing channels, by which the no-masking theorem is rediscovered from the point of view of information transmission. Finally, we discuss the storage behavior of quantum information and propose that quantum information can reside in the correlations of subsystems in a redundant way. Our work deepens the understanding of the way that quantum information resides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dixit. Comunicación, Profesión, Conocimiento is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Communication / Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación is the property of Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion / Mediterranean Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes a process that integrates behavioral and decision science methods to design and evaluate interventions to disrupt illicit behaviors. We developed this process by extending a framework used to study systems with uncertain outcomes, where only partial information is observable, and wherein there are multiple participating parties with competing goals. The extended framework that we propose builds from artefactual data collection, thematic analysis, and descriptive analysis, toward predictive modeling and agent-based modeling. We use agent-based modeling to characterize and predict interactions between system participants for the purpose of improving our understanding of interventional targets in a virtual environment before piloting them in the field. We apply our extended framework to an exploratory case study that examines the potential of worker centers as a venue for deploying interventions to address labor exploitation and human trafficking. This case study focuses on reducing wage theft, the most prevalent form of exploitation experienced by day laborers and applies the first three steps of the extended framework. Specifically, the case study makes a preliminary assessment of two types of social interventions designed to disrupt exploitative processes and improve the experiences of day laborers, namely: (1) advocates training day laborers about their workers' rights and options that they have for addressing wage theft and (2) media campaigns designed to disseminate similar educational messages about workers' rights and options to address wage theft through broadcast channels. Applying the extended framework to this case study of day laborers at a worker center demonstrates how digital technology could be used to monitor, evaluate, and support collaborations between worker center staff and day laborers. Ideally, these collaborations could be improved to mitigate the risks and costs of wage theft, build trust between worker center stakeholders, and address communication challenges between day laborers and employers, in the context of temporary work. Based on the application of the extended framework to this case study of worker center day laborers, we discuss how next steps in the research framework should prioritize understanding how and why employers make decisions to participate in wage theft and the potential for restorative justice and equity matching as a relationship model for employers and laborers in a well-being economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple, low-cost methodology for estimating a conservative value of the maximum field level that can be radiated by a 5G base station useful for human exposure assessment. The method is based on a Maximum Power Extrapolation (MPE) approach and requires the measurement of a reference quantity associated with the SS-PBCH, such as Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Physical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH), or PBCH Demodulation Reference Signal (PBCH-DMRS). This step requires a simple spectrum analyzer and allows one to obtain the Resource Element (RE) power of a signal transmitted through broadcast beams. In the second phase, the RE power of the signal transmitted through the traffic beam is estimated using the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the antenna boost factor obtained from the broadcast and the traffic envelope radiation patterns made available by the base station vendor. The use of the CDF allows us to mitigate the problems related to the exact estimation of the direction of the measurement point with respect to the beam of the 5G antenna. The method is applied to a real 5G communication system, and the result is compared with the value given by other MPE methods proposed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The NB-IoT (NarrowBand-Internet of Things) radio technology is now widely implemented by mobile phone network operators to support the communication of IoT devices such as smart meters, insurance black boxes for cars, network connected waste bins, smart bicycles. In the present work, some LTE800 cells of different mobile phone network operators implementing the NB-IoT technology in the guard band mode have been investigated. The signals, consisting of a PRB (Physical Resource Block) 180 kHz wide, have been analyzed and characterized in the time domain by means of a narrow band instrumental chain equipped with a Rohde & Schwarz FSH8 spectrum analyzer. Time domain analysis allows us to identify, within the transmission frame, the position of the NB-IoT signaling channels such as the Narrowband Reference Signal (NRS), the primary (NPSS) and secondary (NSSS) synchronization signals and the broadcast channel (NPBCH), but, above all, to measure the power received during the transmission of the NRS. This value has been compared with that measured by the NB-IoT decoding module supplied on the same analyzer, in order to verify the equivalence of these measurement methods. This would allow use of a more diffuse and cheaper instrumentation rather than more expensive vector analyzers, currently required to assess electric fields due to the NB-IoT signals through the extrapolation techniques set by Italian CEI 211-7/E technical standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is the result of the conference of the same title presented at the IV Seminar on Ecclesiology and Pastoral Questions, promoted by PUCRS. In it, we reflect on the possible ways to rebuild communities after the pandemic period. Certainly, the use of digital media and broadcast channels at that time was essential. However, it is urgent to ask ourselves what changes are needed again in order to recompose our first face as a Church, which is to be a community. In this sense, it is from two interconnected keys of reading (namely: the recovery of the community and the understanding of pastoral displacement) that we propose our reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters vary in many characteristics, but their amount of forewarning-the amount of time remaining until the disaster strikes-is a crucial factor affecting the dissemination of emergency warnings. People can be warned by public safety officials through broadcast channels, such as commercial TV and radio, that transmit simultaneous warnings to mass audiences. In addition, however, warnings are also transmitted by peers through informal warning networks that operate through contagion from one person to another. This paper establishes an interdisciplinary agent-based model with Monte Carlo simulations to assess the relative effects of these broadcast and contagion processes in a multiplex social network. This multiplex approach models multiple channels of informal communication-phone,word-of-mouth, and social media-that vary in their attribute values. Each agent is an individual in a threatened community who, once warned, has a probability of warning others in their social network using one of these channels. The probability of an individual warning others is based on their warning source and the time remaining until disaster impact, among other variables. We model warning dissemination using simulation parameter values chosen from empirical studies of disaster warnings along with the spatial aspects of the Coos Bay, OR, USA and Seaside, OR, USA communities. Results indicate that the initial broadcast size has a negative correlation with the critical percolation threshold, which varies from approximately 1-5%, depending on the size of an initial broadcast. A sensitivity analysis on the model parameters indicates that, along with initial broadcast size and sharing probability, forewarning and confidence in the warning significantly affect the total number of warning recipients. The results generated from this study identify areas for future research and can inform community officials about the effects of event and community characteristics on the dissemination of emergency warnings in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Communication / Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación is the property of Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion / Mediterranean Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Miradas is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The globalisation of the media industry leads to the dissemination and perpetuation of similar cultural patterns of old age, which may open up new horizons of development in the period of late adulthood, as well as inhibit the emancipation potential of the oldest generation and perpetuate old age stereotypes, both negative and positive, thus limiting the pool of patterns available to subsequent generations. Recognising the need for discourse on the patterns of old age presented in the mass media, an analysis of The Voice Senior programme (first edition 2019/2020), broadcast on the first channel of Polish Television, was conducted. The aim of the research was to recognise the educational significance of the programme and to develop postulates important for shaping the positive image of older adults in the media. The nature of the research was non-reactive. Qualitative content analysis was carried out after recording all statements of participants, coaches and presenters. The analysis consisted in identifying conceptual categories relevant to the subject of the research and then subjecting them to interpretation. The recognised categories were the following: the educational dimension of the biographies of the programme participants; old age as a developmental period of life; stereotypes of old age; hidden dimension of meanings; intergenerational qualities of the programme; educational aspects of the master-pupil relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public communication channels and digital broadcasting media are increasingly diverse, one of which is podcasts. In addition to being relatively new, podcast content is increasingly in demand, especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public relations departments at government institutions began to use podcasts as a new medium for disseminating information and public communication then. This study explores the trend of using podcasts. Meanwhile, research on podcasts, especially on their use in government institutions, is still very limited. This research, using a descriptive method, seeks to contribute to the development and optimization of podcasts in government institutions. The results show that podcasts play an important role as a public communication channel and digital broadcasting medium. This research is expected to be helpful for government public relations and researchers in the podcast sector interested in optimizing their use in government sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two explicit schemes are designed to illustrate bidirectional controlled teleportation in a fair and practical manner. One is a symmetric scheme for single-qutrit states. The other is an asymmetric scheme for single- and two-qutrit states. Then, we extend three-dimensional system to high-dimensional system and come up with a universal scheme for arbitrary n 1 - and n 2 -qudit states by using a (2 n 1 + 2 n 2 + 1) -qudit entangled state as the quantum channel, where n 1 ≤ n 2 . The senders and the controller need to perform general Bell basis measurement and Z basis measurement, respectively. According to their measurement results, the receivers can reestablish the initial states simultaneously by performing single-qudit recovery operations which are derived by a general formula. It is worth mentioning that 2 n 1 + 1 dit classical communication cost is saved at the controller's broadcast channel with the aid of network coding. Moreover, we consider the effect of two-type high-dimensional decoherence noises: dit-flip noise and d-phase-flip noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimum energy required to achieve a distortion-noise profile, i.e., a function indicating the maximum allowed distortion value for each channel noise level, is studied for transmission of Gaussian sources over Gaussian channels. A general coding scheme is proposed to upper bound the minimum energy needed for any distortion-noise profile. Conversely, utilizing a family of lower bounds originally derived for broadcast channels with power constraints, the minimum required energy is lower bounded for any profile. As examples, linear, exponential, square-law, and staircase profiles are studied. It is shown that for the linear profile, as well as for any concave profile, uncoded transmission is optimal. As a negative result, it is shown that exponential profiles are not achievable with finite energy. For square-law and staircase profiles, upper bounds and lower bounds are derived and the gaps between them are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original coded caching scenario assumes a content library that is of interest to all receiving users. In a realistic scenario though, the users may have diverging interests which may intersect to various degrees. What happens for example if each file is of potential interest to, say, 40% of the users and each user has potential interest in 40% of the library? In this work, we investigate the so- called symmetrically selfish coded caching scenario, where each user only makes requests from a subset of the library that defines its own file demand set (FDS), each user caches selfishly only contents from its own FDS, and where the different FDSs symmetrically overlap to some extent. In the context of various traditional prefetching scenarios (prior to the emergence of coded caching), selfish approaches were known to be potentially very effective. On the other hand — with the exception of some notable works — little is known about selfish coded caching. We here present a new information-theoretic converse that proves, in a general setting of symmetric FDS structures, that selfish coded caching, despite enjoying a much larger local caching gain and a much smaller set of possible demands, introduces an unbounded load increase compared to the unselfish case. In particular, in the $K$ -user broadcast channel where each user stores a fraction $\gamma $ of the library, where each file (class) is of interest to $\alpha $ users, and where any one specific file is of interest to a fraction $\delta $ of users, the optimal coding gain of symmetrically selfish caching is at least $(K - \alpha)\gamma + 1$ times smaller than in the unselfish scenario. This allows us to draw the powerful conclusion that the optimal selfish coding gain is upper bounded by $1/(1 - \delta)$ , and thus does not scale with $K$. These derived limits are shown to be exact for different types of demands. In the end, this work provides, in a unified manner, the strong conclusion that selfish caching can cause unbounded performance deterioration in coded caching systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing use of portable devices, whenever information is sent through broadcasting channel, security re-lated challenges may occur so that the attackers can listen the information shared in the broadcasting channels such as Radio, TV and Wireless Adhoc Networks (WAN). To prevent such attacks, many cyber security-based algo-rithms are developed to enhance the security between the transmitter and receivers, but still the privacy attacks like man-in-the-middle attack, brute force attack etc occur. In this paper a technology called cross layer authentication is proposed where it uses the third party called server to authenticate between transmitter and receiver. The cross-layer authentication generates a group key by using the users (subscribers) identity information and channel (publisher) information and broadcasts the information to channels and users. The group key will continuously update and broadcasts the information to all the users in the channel whenever a user is added or deleted. Since the group key changes frequently, it will be quite challenging for the attackers to track the shared information. Hence, the proposed method avoids the attacks between transmitter and receiver by generating a group key using ECDSA algorithm and the information is encrypted by AES-128 bit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The autonomous public mass media must strengthen the linguistic and cultural diversity of a region. It is questioned whether its financing and management model is appropriate in view of the economic problems it often faces. It has been studied the efficiency of 11 Spanish public broadcasting channels using data envelopment analysis to know which ones have a higher efficiency and to determine in what ways should the lower efficiency channels improve. Furthermore, via bootstrapping, it is determined if variables such as having an indigenous language or the population affect the efficiency of the channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates language manipulation strategies and ideological features in online news headlines in France24 and RT broadcasting channels in French and English, respectively. The researchers investigate how news about the Syrian crisis is viewed from two different points of view, namely French and Russian. Headlines in the two languages are analysed according to the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Results show that both France24 and RT news headlines report news about the Syrian crisis using different choices of vocabulary, leading to different, ideologically driven interpretations. In other words, France24 news headlines select specific terminology to depict France and its allies as "peacemakers" in Syria. Conversely, Russia-along with its allies-are described in France24 headlines as 'instigators of chaos". However, in RT news headlines, the vocabulary selection describes Russia as a "conflict resolver" in Syria, whereas rival countries of Russia are viewed as "rogue interveners". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telegram, an Industry 4.0 style communication service, is one of the world's most widespread communication platforms. The availability of channels and bots has opened as a broadcast channel for any media outlet. We asked the following questions: Do media outlets from Spain use Telegram channels? Which media outlets? Are they verified? What is their volume of subscribers? Can this information be used to rank media outlets? We identified many media channels and data were collected from each one. We present the results in a ranking. Forty-two media based in Spain have Telegram channels, 26 of which are ranked in the directory. Less than half of these channels are verified by the platform, and only three are linked to their website. This lack of verification could lead to the proliferation of fake channels. The article ends with a series of recommendations for channel managers to make it easier for the end user to identify and verify each media outlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0 (I4.0), and mobile devices, it can be expected that base stations will have to serve more and more clients with a limited number of antennas. For their broadcast channels, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and blind interference alignment (BIA) are two efficient and commonly adopted transmission schemes. This paper conducts a comparison study on these techniques on a 3-user 2 × 1 multiple-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel with a limited number of transmit antennas. Specifically, space-time block coding based NOMA (STBC-NOMA) and NOMA-assisted beamforming (NOMA-BF) are compared with BIA. Both perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) have been considered for NOMA-based schemes, and the theoretical achievable rates of all schemes have been derived. Furthermore, with a given fairness constraint among end users, the power allocation (PA) problems have been solved for cases when accurate channel state information is available at the transmitter (CSIT) as well as when only path loss information is available. Numerical results show the following: (1) none of the schemes under this study can always outperform the others under different SNR regions. (2) With imperfect SIC, NOMA-BF, and STBC-NOMA both suffer from a significant performance loss under a high SNR condition. (3) Fairness PA with only path loss information provides similar performance as that with perfect CSIT, thus partial CSIT is adequate for system or scheme designs in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a downlink multi-user scenario and investigate the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to maximize the dirty-paper-coding (DPC) sum rate of the RIS-assisted broadcast channel. Different from prior works, which maximize the rate achievable by linear precoders, we assume a capacity-achieving DPC scheme is employed at the transmitter and optimize the transmit covariances and RIS reflection coefficients to directly maximize the sum capacity of the broadcast channel. We propose an optimization algorithm that iteratively alternates between optimizing the transmit covariances using convex optimization and the RIS reflection coefficients using Riemannian manifold optimization. Our results show that the proposed technique can be used to effectively improve the sum capacity in a variety of scenarios compared to benchmark schemes.

In-band full duplex (IBFD) communications are a potential solution to spectrum scarcity. IBFD communications offer greater spectral efficiency than traditional half-duplex communications by transmitting and receiving on the same frequency channel. However, IBFD operation requires overcoming the challenge of eliminating the self-interference coupled from the transmit antenna to the receive subsystem. Knowledge of the characteristics of the loopback propagation channel makes it easier to cancel out the self-interference. Nevertheless, complex field trials are required to adequately characterize loopback channels, which is still lacking in the recent literature. This paper proposes a measurement campaign in a real and ongoing broadcast transmission center to characterize the main characteristics of loopback channels. The work proposes a set of loopback channels based on field trials and an empirical analysis of the most relevant parameters of the channel model, such as the Doppler spectrum, the delay spread, and the K-factor. • A new methodology for measuring and characterizing broadcast loopback channels. • Characterizing the loopback channel in terms of the amplitude and the delay of the paths. • An analysis of the obtained delay spread and K-factor values. • Characterizing the Doppler spectrum of the loopback channel in broadcast transmitters. • Performance evaluation of the proposed channel models under an ATSC 3.0 compliant transceiver chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the analysis of the multi-cell association setup, and it exploits the possibility of enhancing coverage in the envisioned sixth generation (6G) large-scale cellular networks. Specifically, we propose a simple, effective approach for finding a closed-form solution to the coverage probability of a given user in a multi-cell association regime of downlink multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. In particular, a Rayleigh fading channel is considered, wherein the transmitter has only the knowledge of the second-order statistics of the channel. The proposed work uses an indefinite quadratic formulation method and thereby investigates the effect of cell association in a correlated downlink broadcast channel with co-channel interference, additive white noise, and multiple transceiver antenna elements. In the results, we show that a predefined signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold dictates an effective multi-cell association setup, and we identify the region in which a multi-cell association performs better that a single association-based network. The derived theoretical expressions in this paper are validated by the same means of simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a status updating system where updates are generated at a constant rate at $K$ sources and sent to the corresponding recipients through a noise-free broadcast channel. We assume that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter before each transmission, and the transmitter is able to utilize the CSI to precode the updates. Our object is to design optimal precoding schemes to minimize the summed average age of information (AoI) at the recipients. Under various assumptions on the size of each update $B$ , the number of transmit antennas $M$ , and the number of receive antennas $N$ at each user, this paper identifies the corresponding age-optimal precoding and transmission scheduling strategies. Specifically, for the case when $N=1$ , a round-robin based updating scheme is shown to be optimal. For the two-user systems with $N>B$ or $M\notin [N:2N]$ , framed updating schemes are proven to be optimal. For other cases in the two-user systems, a framed alternating updating scheme is proven to be 2-optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RFID (radio frequency identification) is an Internet of Things (IoT) enabling technology. All physical devices can be connected to the Internet of Things thanks to RFID. When RFID is extensively utilized and fast increasing, security and privacy concerns are unavoidable. Interception, manipulation, and replay of the wireless broadcast channel between the tag and the reader are all possible security threats. Unverified tags or readers provide untrustworthy messages. IoT requires a safe and consistent RFID authentication system. PUFs are also physical one-way functions made up of the unique nanoscopic structure of physical things and their reactivity to random occurrences. PUF includes an unclonable feature that takes advantage of physical characteristics to boost security and resistance to physical attacks. We analyze the security of the RSEAP2 authentication protocol that has been recently proposed by Safkhani et al., a hash-based protocol, and elliptic curve cryptosystem-based protocol. Our security analysis clearly shows important security pitfalls in RSEAP2 such as mutual authentication, session key agreement, and denial-of-service attack. In our proposed work, we improved their scheme and enhanced their version using physically unclonable function (PUF), which are used by the proposed protocol in tags. This research proposes a cloud-based RFID authentication technique that is both efficient and trustworthy. To decrease the RFID tag's overhead, the suggested authentication approach not only resists the aforementioned typical assaults and preserves the tag's privacy, but also incorporates the cloud server into the RFID system. According to simulation results, our approach is efficient. Moreover, according to our security study, our protocol can withstand a variety of attacks, including tracking, replay, and desynchronization assaults. Our scheme withstands all the 18 security features and further consumes the computation cost as 14.7088 ms which is comparable with the other schemes. Similarly, our scheme consumes the communication cost as 672 bits during the sending mode and 512 bits during the receiving mode. Overall, the performance of our proposed method is equivalent to that of related schemes and provides additional security features than existing protocols. Mutual authentication, session key generation, and ephemeral session security are all achieved. Using the real-or-random concept, we formalize the security of the proposed protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]