Author: "British Antarctic Survey (BAS)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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522 results on '"British Antarctic Survey (BAS)"'

1. Seasonal and habitat-based variations in vertical export of biogenic sea-ice proxies in Hudson Bay

Author: Tiia Luostarinen, Kaarina Weckström, Jens Ehn, Michelle Kamula, Amanda Burson, Aura Diaz, Guillaume Massé, Suzanne McGowan, Zou Zou Kuzyk, Maija Heikkilä, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), and Aquatic Ecology (AqE)
Subjects: Diatoms, Canada, Dinoflagellate cysts, Quebec, Fresh-water, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Biomarker, North-atlantic, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Variability, Manitounuk sound, Late quaternary, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Despite their wide use in past sea-ice reconstructions, the seasonal, habitat and species-based sources of sedimentary sea-ice proxies are poorly understood. Here, we conduct direct observations of the community composition of diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts and highly branched isoprenoid lipids within the sea ice, water column, sediment traps and sediment surface in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay throughout spring 2019. We find that Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate cysts species commonly used as sea-ice proxies appear to be only indirectly linked to sea-ice conditions, and that the sediment assemblages of these groups overrepresent summertime pelagic blooms. Species contributing to the diverse sea-ice diatom communities are rare in the sediment. Dinoflagellate cysts form a typical Arctic assemblage in the sediment, although they are virtually absent in the sea ice and water column in spring. We also find that certain highly branched isoprenoid lipids that were previously considered indicators of open water, can be produced in sea-ice. We conclude that contextual knowledge and a multiproxy approach are necessary in reconstruction, encouraging further studies on the sources and controls of sea-ice proxy production in different geographic areas. Sedimentary assemblages of biogenic sea-ice proxies incorporate limited representation of the diverse sea-ice connected communities, according to direct springtime observations in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay, Canada.Despite their wide use in past sea-ice reconstructions, the seasonal, habitat and species-based sources of sedimentary sea-ice proxies are poorly understood. Here, we conduct direct observations of the community composition of diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts and highly branched isoprenoid lipids within the sea ice, water column, sediment traps and sediment surface in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay throughout spring 2019. We find that Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate cysts species commonly used as sea-ice proxies appear to be only indirectly linked to sea-ice conditions, and that the sediment assemblages of these groups overrepresent summertime pelagic blooms. Species contributing to the diverse sea-ice diatom communities are rare in the sediment. Dinoflagellate cysts form a typical Arctic assemblage in the sediment, although they are virtually absent in the sea ice and water column in spring. We also find that certain highly branched isoprenoid lipids that were previously considered indicators of open water, can be produced in sea-ice. We conclude that contextual knowledge and a multiproxy approach are necessary in reconstruction, encouraging further studies on the sources and controls of sea-ice proxy production in different geographic areas.
Published: 2023

2. Cross-disciplinarity in the advance of Antarctic ecosystem research

Author: Julian Gutt, Scarlett Trimborn, Enrique Isla, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Rachel D. Cavanagh, Uffe N. Nielsen, Sieglinde Ott, Alison E. Murray, Francesco d'Ovidio, G. di Prisco, R. De Conto, Thomas Saucède, Alia L. Khan, R. Scherer, Vonda J. Cummings, Greg Bodeker, Diana H. Wall, Josefino C. Comiso, Craig R. Smith, Stefano Schiaparelli, Elie Verleyen, José C. Xavier, Jan M. Strugnell, Nerida G. Wilson, Craig Stevens, Jacqueline Stefels, Peter Convey, Huw J. Griffiths, A.N. Bertler, D. De Master, Irene R. Schloss, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Cinzia Verde, A.L. Post, UAM. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Institut de Ciències del Mar/CSIC, Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs ( PEPS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto Antartico Argentino, Department of Oceanography [Honolulu], University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aquatic Organisms, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, SOUTHERN-OCEAN SCIENCE, Ecosystem services, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS, ROSS SEA, Temporal scales, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Genomics, Otros Tópicos Biológicos, Terrestrial ecosystem, Sea-ice, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, Climate Change, Interdisciplinary Research, Antarctic Regions, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Biology, Scaling, Risk maps, Response to environmental changes, Sea-ice, Multiple stressors, Southern Ocean, Risk maps, 010603 evolutionary biology, Scaling, Ciencias Biológicas, BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS, FUTURE, Genetics, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Response to environmental changes, Multiple stressors, Southern Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, Congresses as Topic, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, Medio Ambiente, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, COMMUNITIES
Abstract: Gutt, Julian ... et al.-- 17 pages, 4 figures, The biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate variability of the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean are major components of the whole Earth system. Antarctic ecosystems are driven more strongly by the physical environment than many other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence, to understand ecological functioning, cross-disciplinary studies are especially important in Antarctic research. The conceptual study presented here is based on a workshop initiated by the Research Programme Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, which focussed on challenges in identifying and applying cross-disciplinary approaches in the Antarctic. Novel ideas and first steps in their implementation were clustered into eight themes. These ranged from scale problems, through risk maps, and organism/ecosystem responses to multiple environmental changes and evolutionary processes. Scaling models and data across different spatial and temporal scales were identified as an overarching challenge. Approaches to bridge gaps in Antarctic research programmes included multi-disciplinary monitoring, linking biomolecular findings and simulated physical environments, as well as integrative ecological modelling. The results of advanced cross-disciplinary approaches can contribute significantly to our knowledge of Antarctic and global ecosystem functioning, the consequences of climate change, and to global assessments that ultimately benefit humankind, In addition to the employers of the authors this study was funded by the SCAR SRPs AnT-ERA, AntClim21 and AntEco
Published: 2018

3. Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Asteroidea database

Author: Kate F. Neill, Bruno Danis, Guillaume Crokaert, David K. A. Barnes, Chester J. Sands, Charlène Guillaumot, Camille Moreau, Lenaïg G. Hemery, Stefano Schiaparelli, Antonio Agüera, Thomas Saucède, Huw J. Griffiths, Quentin Jossart, Nadia Améziane, Christopher L. Mah, Katrin Linse, Jacek Siciński, Noémie Vasset, Anna Jażdżewska, Vladimir Laptikhovsky, Marc Eléaume, Marine Biology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité ( ISYEB ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ), Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, University of Lódź, Marine Biology, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] ( CEFAS ), Shallow Marine Surveys Group, Coasts and Oceans Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Universita degli studi di Genova, Work supported by a 'Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et l’Agriculture' (FRIA) grants, and by MNHN invited researcher grants (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016)., Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), and Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Presence-only data, Sciences et médecine vétérinaires, Reproductive strategy, Occurrence data, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Evolution des espèces, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Asteroidea, Data analysis & Modelling, lcsh:Zoology, Animalia, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:QL1-991, Southern Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrata, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sub-Antarctic, Database, Ecologie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sampling (statistics), Sub antarctic, Geography, Biogeography, Antarctic, Asteroidea, Presence-only data, Southern Ocean, Sub-Antarctic, Georeference, Animal Science and Zoology, Antarctic, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, presence-only data, Polar, computer, Data Paper, Echinodermata
Abstract: The present dataset is a compilation of georeferenced occurrences of asteroids (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Southern Ocean. Occurrence data south of 45°S latitude were mined from various sources together with information regarding the taxonomy, the sampling source and sampling sites when available. Records from 1872 to 2016 were thoroughly checked to ensure the quality of a dataset that reaches a total of 13,840 occurrences from 4,580 unique sampling events. Information regarding the reproductive strategy (brooders vs. broadcasters) of 63 species is also made available. This dataset represents the most exhaustive occurrence database on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic asteroids., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

4. Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit

Author: Angélica Sicard, I. Sillanpää, Natalia Ganushkina, D. Payan, J.-C. Matéo-Vélez, Nigel P. Meredith, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Toulouse ), ONERA, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of Michigan System, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Spacecraft charging, 0103 physical sciences, GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geomagnetic storm, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Geosynchronous orbit, Plasma, Spacecraft design, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Computational physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], 13. Climate action, SPACECRAFT SURFACE CHARGING, Local time, Physics::Space Physics, business
Abstract: International audience; Severe and extreme surface charging on geosynchronous spacecraft is examined through the analysis of 16 years of data from particles detectors on-board the Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft. Analysis shows that high spacecraft frame potentials are correlated with 10 to 50 keV electron fluxes, especially when these fluxes exceed 1 × 108 cm−2 s−1 sr−1. Four criteria have been used to select severe environments: 1) large flux of electrons with energies above 10 keV, 2) large fluxes of electrons with energies below 50 keV and above 200 keV, 3) large flux of electrons with energies below 50 keV and low flux with energies above 200 keV, and 4) long periods of time with a spacecraft potential below - 5 kV. They occur preferentially during either geomagnetic storms or intense isolated substorms, during the declining phase of the solar cycle, during equinox seasons and close to midnight local time. The set of anomalies reported in Choi et al. (2011) is concomitant with a new database constructed from these events. The worst-case environments exceed the spacecraft design guidelines by up to a factor of 10 for energies below 10 keV. They are fitted with triple Maxwellian distributions in order to facilitate their use by spacecraft designers as alternative conditions for the assessment of worst-case surface charging.
Published: 2018

5. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author: Kees Camphuysen, Jannik Hansen, Tanya Pyk, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Sébastien Descamps, Craig A. Walling, William A. Montevecchi, Richard A. Phillips, Johannes Lang, Michael J. Dunn, Olof Olsson, Carolyn Mostello, Paulo Catry, A. G. Wood, Magdalene Langset, Amélie Lescroël, Yutaka Watanuki, David G. Ainley, Phil O'b. Lyver, Børge Moe, Raül Ramos, Walter S. Svagelj, Pete Warzybok, Peter H. Becker, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Peter G. Ryan, Ian C. T. Nisbet, Jaime Jahncke, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Michael P. Harris, Hugh Drummond, Benoît Sittler, Daniel Oro, T. K. Reiertsen, Francis Daunt, Peter J. Kappes, Grant Ballard, Peter R. Wilson, Robert T. Barrett, William R. Fraser, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, José Pedro Granadeiro, Christopher A. Surman, Mark Newell, Flavio Quintana, Cristina Rodríguez, Zofia M. Burr, Sue Lewis, Sarah Wanless, Nina Dehnhard, Meritxell Genovart, Niels Martin Schmidt, Ana Sanz-Aguilar, Colin Southwell, Katharine Keogan, Henri Weimerskirch, Russell W. Bradley, David Monticelli, Sandra Bouwhuis, Katie M. Dugger, Mark L. Mallory, Ian L. Jones, André Chiaradia, Paula Shannon, April Hedd, Alexander L. Bond, Maud Poisbleau, Kerry J. Barton, Vivian Pattison, George J. Divoky, Jérôme Fort, Lisa W. Nicholson, Philippa Agnew, José Manuel Igual, David Grémillet, Richard J. Cuthbert, Louise Emmerson, Jaime A. Ramos, Loïc Bollache, Jefferson T. Hinke, Tony Diamond, Per-Arvid Berglund, Olivier Gilg, Albert B. Phillimore, Claus Bech, Jacob González-Solís, Watanuki, Yutaka, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ( CEH ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony, H.T. Harvey & Associates, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Point Blue Conservation Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Tromsø University Museum, Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Avian Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], The University Centre in Svalbard ( UNIS ), Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ) -Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ( MARE ), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida ( ISPA ), Phillip Island Nature Parks, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University [Melbourne], Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Norvegian Polar Research Institute ( NPRI ), Norwegian Polar Institute, University of New Brunswick ( UNB ), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Centre for Conservation Biology, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polar Oceans Research Group [USA], Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats ( IMEDEA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat i Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town-Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Marine Fisheries Service, Population Ecology Group, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ( JLU ), Biology, Acadia University, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ( NINA ), Department of Psychology, Biology and Ocean Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Halfmoon Biosciences, I. C. T. Nisbet & Company, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Population Ecology Group ( IMEDEA ), Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Deakin Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University [Burwood], Instituto de Biologia de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Department of Zoology, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Arctic Research Centre, National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program, Chair Nature Protection and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras ( IIMyC ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ) -Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Landcare Research, University of Edinburgh-Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)-Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), University of Antwerp (UA), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Population Ecology Group (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos [Chubut] (IBIOMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras [Mar del Plata] (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Universitat de Barcelona, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pelecaniformes, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, SEABIRDS, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, OCEAN SCIENCE, Ecology and Environment, Predation, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, Ciencias Biológicas, biology.animal, Ocells marins, ocean sciences, Canvi climàtic, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Trophic level, Apex predator, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Primary producers, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Physics, Sea birds, Climatic changes, biology.organism_classification, Fenologia, Climatic change, Suliformes, Chemistry, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Phenology, 13. Climate action, Seabird, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Canvis climàtics
Abstract: Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity , and is often sensitive to climatic conditions . Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey . This is of particular concern for highertrophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction5 . Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1 ) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1 ) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources Fil: Keogan, Katharine. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Daunt, Francis. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Wanless, Sarah. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Phillips, Richard A.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Walling, Craig A.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Agnew, Philippa. Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; . Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Ainley, David G.. HT Harvey and Associates; Estados Unidos Fil: Anker-Nilssen, Tycho. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Ballard, Grant. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Barrett, Robert T.. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; Noruega Fil: Barton, Kerry J.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Bech, Claus. Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Noruega Fil: Becker, Peter. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Berglund, Per-Arvid. University of Agricultural Sciences. Institute of Marine Research, Department of Aquatic Resources; Suecia Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia Fil: Bond, Alexander L.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Bouwhuis, Sandra. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bradley, Russell W.. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Burr, Zofia M.. The University Centre In Svalbard; Noruega Fil: Camphuysen, Kees. University of Utrecht; Países Bajos Fil: Catry, Paulo. Ispa - Instituto Universitário; Portugal Fil: Chiaradia, Andre. Monash University; Australia. Phillip Island Nature Park; Australia Fil: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Cuthbert, Richard. Royal Society For The Protection Of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Dehnhard, Nina. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Descamps, Sébastien. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Diamond, Tony. University Of New Brunswick; Canadá Fil: Divoky, George. Friends of Cooper Island; Estados Unidos Fil: Drummond, Hugh. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Dugger, Katie M.. United States Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Dunn, Michael J.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Emmerson, Louise. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Erikstad, Kjell Einar. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Fort, Jérôme. Université de la Rochelle; Francia Fil: Fraser, William. Polar Oceans Research Group; Estados Unidos Fil: Genovart, Meritxell. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia. Groupe de Recherches En Ecologie Arctique; Fil: González-Solís, Jacob. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Granadeiro, José Pedro. Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal Fil: Grémillet, David. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Hansen, Jannik. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Hanssen, Sveinn A.. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Harris, Mike. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Hedd, April. Environment Canada; Canadá Fil: Hinke, Jefferson. National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration; Estados Unidos Fil: Igual, José Manuel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Jahncke, Jaime. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Jones, Ian. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Kappes, Peter J.. Oregon Cooperative Fish And Wildlife Research Unit; Estados Unidos Fil: Lang, Johannes. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Langset, Magdalene. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lescroël, Amélie. Géosciences Montpellier; Francia Fil: Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lyver, Phil O'B.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Mallory, Mark. Acadia University; Canadá Fil: Moe, Børge. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Montevecchi, William A.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Monticelli, David. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Mostello, Carolyn. Massachusetts Division Of Fisheries And Wildlife; Estados Unidos Fil: Newell, Mark. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Nicholson, Lisa. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Nisbet, Ian. I. C. T. Nisbet & Company; Estados Unidos Fil: Olsson, Olof. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Oro, Daniel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Pattison, Vivian. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society; Canadá Fil: Poisbleau, Maud. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Pyk, Tanya. Deakin University; Australia Fil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ramos, Jaime A.. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Ramos, Raül. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Rodríguez, Cristina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Ryan, Peter. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Sanz-Aguilar, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Schmidt, Niels M.. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Shannon, Paula. National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoit. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Southwell, Colin. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Surman, Christopher. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Svagelj, Walter Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Trivelpiece, Wayne. Bolinas; Estados Unidos Fil: Warzybok, Pete. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Watanuki, Yutaka. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Weimerskirch, Henri. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Wilson, Peter R.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Wood, Andrew G.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Phillimore, Albert B.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Lewis, Sue. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido
Published: 2018

6. Absence inattendue d'espèces endémiques insulaires: Dissémination sur de longues distances chez des espèces de Siphonaria sub-antarctique de haute latitude (Gastropoda: Euthyneura)

Author: González-Wevar, Claudio A., Segovia, Nicolás I., Rosenfeld, Sebastián, Ojeda, Jaime, Hüne, Mathias, Naretto, Javier, Saucède, Thomas, Brickle, Paul, Morley, Simon, Féral, Jean-Pierre, Spencer, Hamish G., Poulin, Elie, Universidad de Magallanes ( UMAG ), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad ( IEB ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), GAIA-Antártica, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular ( LEM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad ( IEB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Otago [Dunedin], Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular (LEM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, long-distance dispersal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Siphonaria, Latitude, 03 medical and health sciences, Gastropoda, Antarctic circumpolar current, direct developers, 14. Life underwater, pulmonate, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, sub-Antarctic, Ecology, biology, Euthyneura, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sub antarctic, rafting, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, oceanic biogeography
Abstract: International audience; Aim: We assess biogeographical patterns, population structure and the range of species in the pulmonate genus Siphonaria across the sub‐Antarctic. We hypothesized that locally endemic cryptic species will be found across the distribution of these direct‐developing limpets in the sub‐Antarctic.Location: The sub‐Antarctic coasts of the Southern Ocean including South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, South Georgia, Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands.Methods: Multi‐locus phylogenetic reconstructions, mtDNA time‐calibrated divergence time estimations and population‐based analyses of Siphonaria populations were used at the scale of the Southern Ocean.Results: We resolve two widely distributed lineages of Siphonaria (S. lateralis and S. fuegiensis) across the sub‐Antarctic. MtDNA divergence time estimates suggest that they were separated around 4.0 Ma (3.0 to 8.0 Ma). Subsequently both species followed different evolutionary pathways across their distributions. Low levels of genetic diversity characterize the populations of both species, reflecting the role of Quaternary glacial cycles during their respective demographic histories, suggesting high levels of dispersal among geographically distant localities.Main conclusions: Siphonaria lateralis and S. fuegiensis constitute sister and broadly co‐distributed species across the sub‐Antarctic. Unexpected transoceanic similarities and low levels of genetic diversity in both these direct‐developing species imply recurrent recolonization processes through long‐distance dispersal to isolated sub‐Antarctic islands. For such groups of Southern Ocean invertebrates, rafting may be more effective for long‐distance dispersal than a free‐living planktotrophic larval stage. This biogeographical model may explain why many marine species lacking a dispersal phase exhibit broad distributions, low genetic diversity and low population structure over thousands of kilometres.
Published: 2018

7. The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998–2021)

Author: Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourlès, Magnus Danielsen, Jérôme Demange, Denis Diverrès, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Hervé Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herlé Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aïcha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, Michael Meredith, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amundsen Science, Quebec, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, British Geological Survey (BGS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), LEFE/INSU LASSO, and European Commission
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License., The characteristics of the CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotope dataset (δ18O, δ2H, referred to as δD) are presented (https://doi.org/10.17882/71186; Waterisotopes-CISE-LOCEAN, 2021). This dataset covers the time period from 1998 to 2021 and currently includes close to 8000 data entries, all with δ18O, three-quarters of them also with δD, associated with a date stamp, space stamp, and usually a salinity measurement. Until 2010, samples were analyzed by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry and since then mostly by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Instrumental uncertainty in this dataset is usually as low as 0.03 ‰ for δ18O and 0.15 ‰ for δD. An additional uncertainty is related to the isotopic composition of the in-house standards that are used to convert data to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) scale. Different comparisons suggest that since 2010 the latter have remained within at most 0.03 ‰ for δ18O and 0.20 ‰ for δD. Therefore, combining the two uncertainties suggests a standard deviation of at most 0.05 ‰ for δ18O and 0.25 ‰ for δD. For some samples, we find that there has been evaporation during collection and storage, requiring adjustment of the isotopic data produced by CRDS, based on d-excess (δD − 8×δ18O). This adjustment adds an uncertainty in the respective data of roughly 0.05 ‰ for δ18O and 0.10 ‰ for δD. This issue of conservation of samples is certainly a strong source of quality loss for parts of the database, and “small” effects may have remained undetected. The internal consistency of the database can be tested for subsets of the dataset when time series can be obtained (such as in the southern Indian Ocean or North Atlantic subpolar gyre). These comparisons suggest that the overall uncertainty of the spatially (for a cruise) or temporally (over a year) averaged data is less than 0.03 ‰ for δ18O and 0.15 ‰ for δD. However, 18 comparisons with duplicate seawater data analyzed in other laboratories or with other datasets in the intermediate and deep ocean suggest a larger scatter. When averaging the 18 comparisons done for δ18O, we find a difference of 0.082 ‰ with a standard error of 0.016 ‰. Such an average difference is expected due to the adjustments applied at LOCEAN to saline water data produced either by CRDS or isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), but the scatter found suggests that care is needed when merging datasets from different laboratories. Examples of time series in the surface North Atlantic subpolar gyre illustrate the temporal changes in water isotope composition that can be detected with a carefully validated dataset, The WAPITI project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 637770). The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition was made possible by funding from the Swiss Polar Institute and Ferring Pharmaceuticals, and F. Alexander Haumann was supported by SNSF grant numbers P2EZP2_175162 and P400P2_186681
Published: 2022

8. The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core – Part 2: An age model to the last interglacial and disturbed deep stratigraphy

Author: Robert Mulvaney, Eric William Wolff, Mackenzie Grieman, Helene Hoffmann, Jack Humby, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Rachael Rhodes, Isobel Rowell, Frédéric Parrenin, Loïc Schmidely, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas Stocker, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, Amaelle Landais, Frédéric Prié, Mulvaney, R [0000-0002-5372-8148], Wolff, EW [0000-0002-5914-8531], Grieman, MM [0000-0001-9610-7141], Hoffmann, HH [0000-0002-7527-5880], Nehrbass-Ahles, C [0000-0002-4009-4633], Rhodes, RH [0000-0001-7511-1969], Rowell, IF [0000-0003-0238-2340], Parrenin, F [0000-0002-9489-3991], Fischer, H [0000-0002-2787-4221], Christl, M [0000-0002-3131-6652], Muscheler, R [0000-0003-2772-3631], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Ion Beam Physics [ETH Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 13 Climate Action, Global and Planetary Change, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Stratigraphy, Paleontology, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract: We present an age model for the 651 m deep ice core from Skytrain Ice Rise, situated inland of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The top 2000 years have previously been dated using age markers interpolated through annual layer counting. Below this, we align the Skytrain core to the AICC2012 age model using tie points in the ice and air phase, and we apply the Paleochrono program to obtain the best fit to the tie points and glaciological constraints. In the gas phase, ties are made using methane and, in critical sections, δ18Oair; in the ice phase ties are through 10Be across the Laschamps event and through ice chemistry related to long-range dust transport and deposition. This strategy provides a good outcome to about 108 ka (∼ 605 m). Beyond that there are signs of flow disturbance, with a section of ice probably repeated. Nonetheless values of CH4 and δ18Oair confirm that part of the last interglacial (LIG), from about 117–126 ka (617–627 m), is present and in chronological order. Below this there are clear signs of stratigraphic disturbance, with rapid oscillation of values in both the ice and gas phase at the base of the LIG section, below 628 m. Based on methane values, the warmest part of the LIG and the coldest part of the penultimate glacial are missing from our record. Ice below 631 m appears to be of age > 150 ka., Climate of the Past, 19 (4), ISSN:1814-9324, ISSN:1814-9332
Published: 2023

9. A pioneer morphological and genetic study of the intertidal fauna of the Gerlache Strait (Antarctic Peninsula)

Author: Quentin Jossart, David Bauman, Camille VE Moreau, Thomas Saucède, Henrik Christiansen, Madeleine J. Brasier, Peter Convey, Rachel Downey, Blanca Figuerola, Patrick Martin, Jon Norenburg, Sebastian Rosenfeld, Marie Verheye, Bruno Danis, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (LBM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Marine Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology [University of Johannesburg], University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University (ANU), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Centro de Investigación Gaia-Antártica, Laboratory of Trophic and Isotopes Ecology, Université de Liège, Tolerance in the Southern Ocean’ project (RECTO, BR/154/A1/RECTO) funded by the ‘Belgian Science Policy Office’ (BELSPO). This is contribution no. 28 to the RECTOproject. The B121 expedition was funded by the Federation Wallonia-Brussels, the Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), the Leopold 3Fund for the exploration and conservation of Nature and the Royal Belgian Society for Zoology. David Bauman was funded by the Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreementNo. 895799. Henrik Christiansen was funded by the BELSPOproject COPE (B2/191/P1/COPE). Blanca Figuerola receivedfunding from the Beatriu de Pinós program (2019-BP-00183),funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Governmentof Catalonia) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreementNo. 801370. Peter Convey was supported by NERC core fundingto the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team., Belgian Science Policy Office, Federation Wallonia-Brussels, National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Research Foundation - Flanders, Leopold III-Fonds, Royal Belgian Society for Zoology, Belgian American Educational Foundation, European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Subjects: MESH: Bivalvia, General Medicine, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pollution, MESH: Biodiversity, Community structure, Benthic ecology, Seashore, MESH: Antarctic Regions, DNA barcoding, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, Southern Ocean, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, General Environmental Science
Abstract: 19 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11066-3.-- Data availability: All genetic data, as well as photographs of voucher specimens, can be publicly accessed and downloaded on boldsystems.org, under the “INTGS” project (Intertidal fauna from the Gerlache Strait). Occurrence data can be found on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, B121 dataset) using the following link: https://doi.org/10.15468/56bv6z. Additional data, tables and figures are also provided as Supplementary materials. The specimens used in this study are hosted at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB, Brussels, Belgium) – Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, The underexplored intertidal ecosystems of Antarctica are facing rapid changes in important environmental factors. Associated with temperature increase, reduction in coastal ice will soon expose new ice-free areas that will be colonized by local or distant biota. To enable detection of future changes in faunal composition, a biodiversity baseline is urgently required. Here, we evaluated intertidal faunal diversity at 13 locations around the Gerlache Strait (western Antarctic Peninsula), using a combination of a quadrat approach, morphological identification and genetic characterization. Our data highlight a community structure comprising four generally distributed and highly abundant species (the flatworm Obrimoposthia wandeli, the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, and the gastropods Laevilitorina umbilicata and Laevilitorina caliginosa) as well as 79 rarer and less widely encountered species. The most abundant species thrive in the intertidal zone due to their ability to either survive overwinter in situ or to rapidly colonize this zone when conditions allow. In addition, we confirmed the presence of multiple trophic levels at nearly all locations, suggesting that complex inter-specific interactions occur within these communities. Diversity indices contrasted between sampling locations (from 3 to 32 species) and multivariate approaches identified three main groups. This confirms the importance of environmental heterogeneity in shaping diversity patterns within the investigated area. Finally, we provide the first genetic and photographic baseline of the Antarctic intertidal fauna (106 sequences, 137 macrophotographs), as well as preliminary insights on the biogeography of several species. Taken together, these results provide a timely catalyst to assess the diversity and to inform studies of the potential resilience of these intertidal communities, This work was supported by the ‘Refugia and Ecosystem Tolerance in the Southern Ocean’ project (RECTO; BR/154/A1/RECTO) funded by the ‘Belgian Science Policy Office’ (BELSPO). [...] The B121 expedition was funded by the Federation Wallonia-Brussels, the Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), the Leopold 3 Fund for the exploration and conservation of Nature and the Royal Belgian Society for Zoology. David Bauman was funded by the Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 895799. Henrik Christiansen was funded by the BELSPO project COPE (B2/191/P1/COPE). Blanca Figuerola received funding from the Beatriu de Pinós program (2019-BP-00183), funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801370. Peter Convey was supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2023

10. The contribution of the Weddell Gyre to the global overturning circulation

Author: Jullion, Loïc, Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Bacon, Sheldon, Meredith, Michael P., J. Brown, Peter, Torres-Valdés, Sinhue, Speer, Kevin, Holland, Paul, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hoppema, Mario, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], National Oceanographic Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), Florida State University [Tallahassee] ( FSU ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Jullion, Loic, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; The horizontal and vertical circulation of the Weddell Gyre is diagnosed using a box inverse model constructed with recent hydrographic sections and including mobile sea ice and eddy transports. The gyre is found to convey 42 ± 8 Sv (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s −1) across the central Weddell Sea and to intensify to 54 ± 15 Sv further offshore. This circulation injects 36 ± 13 TW of heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the gyre, and exports 51 ± 23 mSv of freshwater, including 13 ± 1 mSv as sea ice to the mid-latitude Southern Ocean. The gyre's overturning circulation has an asymmetric double-cell structure, in which 13 ± 4 Sv of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and relatively light Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) are transformed into upper-ocean water masses by mid-gyre upwelling (at a rate of 2 ± 2 Sv) and into denser AABW by downwelling focussed at the western boundary (8 ± 2 Sv). The gyre circulation exhibits a substantial throughflow component, by which CDW and AABW enter the gyre from the Indian sector, undergo ventilation and densification within the gyre, and are exported to the South Atlantic across the gyre's northern rim. The relatively modest net production of AABW in the Weddell Gyre (6 ± 2 Sv) suggests that the gyre's prominence in the closure of the lower limb of global oceanic overturning stems largely from the recycling and equatorward export of Indian-sourced AABW.
Published: 2015

11. Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean

Author: Michael P. Meredith, Peter J. Brown, Brice Loose, Maciej Telszewski, Steve D Jones, Mario Hoppema, Sinhue Torres-Valdes, Andrew J. Watson, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Loïc Jullion, Rik Wanninkhof, Elizabeth M. Jones, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Nathional Oceanography Centre, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Project: GOCE-511176-1, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ( IBP ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory ( AOML ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), and European Project : GOCE-511176-1
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, air-sea exchange of CO2, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, neural network, 01 natural sciences, Total inorganic carbon, Ocean gyre, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Weddell Sea Bottom Water, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010505 oceanography, Carbon sink, Biological pump, Weddell Gyre, Marine Sciences, Oceanography, observations, ocean carbon cycle, 13. Climate action, Deep ocean water, Upwelling, Oceanic carbon cycle, Geology
Abstract: The accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full-depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a box inverse analysis reveals that deepwater transports associated with Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water dominate the gyre's carbon budget, while a dual-cell vertical overturning circulation leads to both upwelling and the delivery of large quantities of carbon to the deep ocean. Historical sea surface pCO2 observations, interpolated using a neural network technique, confirm the net summertime sink of 0.044 to 0.058 ± 0.010 Pg C yr−1 derived from the inversion. However, a wintertime outgassing signal similar in size results in a statistically insignificant annual air-to-sea CO2 flux of 0.002 ± 0.007 Pg C yr−1 (mean 1998–2011) to 0.012 ± 0.024 Pg C yr−1 (mean 2008–2010) to be diagnosed for the Weddell Gyre. A surface layer carbon balance, independently derived from in situ biogeochemical measurements, reveals that freshwater inputs and biological drawdown decrease surface ocean inorganic carbon levels more than they are increased by WDW entrainment, resulting in an estimated annual carbon sink of 0.033 ± 0.021 Pg C yr−1. Although relatively less efficient for carbon uptake than the global oceans, the summertime Weddell Gyre suppresses the winter outgassing signal, while its biological pump and deepwater formation act as key conduits for transporting natural and anthropogenic carbon to the deep ocean where they can reside for long time scales., Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29 (3), ISSN:0886-6236, ISSN:1944-9224
Published: 2015
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12. Century-scale simulations of the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a warming climate

Author: Cornford, S. L., Martin, D. F., Payne, A. J., Ng, E. G., Le Brocq, A. M., Gladstone, R. M., Edwards, T. L., Shannon, S. R., Agosta, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Hellmer, H. H., Krinner, G., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Timmermann, R., Vaughan, D. G., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Bristol [Bristol], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., Université de Liège, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), University of Liege Belgium, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht ( IMAU ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research
Subjects: SHELF, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SURFACE MASS-BALANCE, Ice stream, FLOW, MODELS, Antarctic ice sheet, Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Sea ice, Cryosphere, Ice divide, BED, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, WEDDELL SEA SECTOR, RETREAT, lcsh:Geology, GROUNDING-LINE MIGRATION, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PINE ISLAND GLACIER, Ice sheet, SENSITIVITY, Geology
Abstract: We use the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice sheet model to carry out one, two, and three century simulations of the fast-flowing ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Each of the simulations begins with a geometry and velocity close to present day observations, and evolves according to variation in meteoric ice accumulation, ice shelf melting, and mesh resolution. Future changes in accumulation and melt rates range from no change, through anomalies computed by atmosphere and ocean models driven by the E1 and A1B emissions scenarios, to spatially uniform melt rates anomalies that remove most of the ice shelves over a few centuries. We find that variation in the resulting ice dynamics is dominated by the choice of initial conditions, ice shelf melt rate and mesh resolution, although ice accumulation affects the net change in volume above flotation to a similar degree. Given sufficient melt rates, we compute grounding line retreat over hundreds of kilometers in every major ice stream, but the ocean models do not predict such melt rates outside of the Amundsen Sea Embayment until after 2100. Sensitivity to mesh resolution is spurious, and we find that sub-kilometer resolution is needed along most regions of the grounding line to avoid systematic under-estimates of the retreat rate, although resolution requirements are more stringent in some regions – for example the Amundsen Sea Embayment – than others – such as the Möller and Institute ice streams.
Published: 2015

13. Circulation, retention, and mixing of waters within the Weddell-Scotia Confluence, Southern Ocean: The role of stratified Taylor columns

Author: Meredith , Michael P., Meijers , Andrew, Naveira Garabato , Alberto C., Brown , Peter J., Abrahamsen , Einar, Venables , Hugh J., Jullion , Loïc, Messias , M. J., British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA )
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; The waters of the Weddell-Scotia Confluence (WSC) lie above the rugged topography of the South Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean. Meridional exchanges across the WSC transfer water and tracers between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to the north and the subpolar Weddell Gyre to the south. Here, we examine the role of topographic interactions in mediating these exchanges, and in modifying the waters transferred. A case study is presented using data from a free-drifting, intermediate-depth float, which circulated anticyclonically over Discovery Bank on the South Scotia Ridge for close to 4 years. Dimensional analysis indicates that the local conditions are conducive to the formation of Taylor columns. Contempora- neous ship-derived transient tracer data enable estimation of the rate of isopycnal mixing associated with this column, with values of O(1000 m2/s) obtained. Although necessarily coarse, this is of the same order as the rate of isopycnal mixing induced by transient mesoscale eddies within the ACC. A picture emerges of the Taylor column acting as a slow, steady blender, retaining the waters in the vicinity of the WSC for lengthy periods during which they can be subject to significant modification. A full regional float data set, bathymetric data, and a Southern Ocean state estimate are used to identify other potential sites for Taylor column formation. We find that they are likely to be sufficiently widespread to exert a significant influence on water mass modification and meridional fluxes across the southern edge of the ACC in this sector of the Southern Ocean.
Published: 2015

14. Boundary mixing in Orkney Passage outflow

Author: A. C. Naveira Garabato, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Kurt L. Polzin, Loïc Jullion, Michael P. Meredith, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( WHOI ), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Weddell Sea Bottom Water, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Water mass, Ekman layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Boundary current, Abyssal zone, Geophysics, Antarctic Bottom Water, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Downwelling, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Outflow, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: One of the most remarkable features of contemporary oceanic climate change is the warming and contraction of Antarctic Bottom Water over much of global ocean abyss. These signatures represent changes in ventilation mediated by mixing and entrainment processes that may be location-specific. Here we use available data to document, as best possible, those mixing processes as Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Waters flow along the South Orkney Plateau, exit the Weddell Sea via Orkney Passage and fill the abyssal Scotia Sea. First, we find that an abrupt transition in topography upstream of Orkney Passage delimits the extent of the coldest waters along the Plateau's flanks and may indicate a region of especially intense mixing. Second, we revisit a control volume budget by Heywood et al. (Nature, 2002) for waters trapped within the Scotia Sea after entering through Orkney Passage. This budget requires extremely vigorous water mass transformations with a diapycnal transfer coefficient of 39(±10) × 10-4 m2 s–1. Evidence for such intense diapycnal mixing is not found in the abyssal Scotia Sea interior and, while we do find large rates of diapycnal mixing in conjunction with a downwelling Ekman layer on the western side of Orkney Passage, it is insufficient to close the budget. This leads us to hypothesize that the Heywood budget is closed by a boundary mixing process in which the Ekman layer associated with the Weddell Sea Deep Water boundary current experiences relatively large-vertical-scale overturning associated with tidal forcing along the southern boundary of the Scotia Sea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

15. Integrating human dimensions in decadal-scale prediction for marine social–ecological systems: lighting the grey zone

Author: Jess Melbourne-Thomas, Desiree Tommasi, Marion Gehlen, Eugene J Murphy, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Francisco Bravo, Tyler D Eddy, Mibu Fischer, Elizabeth Fulton, Mayya Gogina, Eileen Hofmann, Maysa Ito, Sara Mynott, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Anna N Osiecka, Mark R Payne, Romeo Saldívar-Lucio, Kim J N Scherrer, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Tasmania [Launceston] (UTAS), University of Cape Town, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Subjects: Ecology, decision support tools, decadal prediction, human dimensions, grey zone, Indigenous science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, marine social-ecological systems
Abstract: The dynamics of marine systems at decadal scales are notoriously hard to predict—hence references to this timescale as the “grey zone” for ocean prediction. Nevertheless, decadal-scale prediction is a rapidly developing field with an increasing number of applications to help guide ocean stewardship and sustainable use of marine environments. Such predictions can provide industry and managers with information more suited to support planning and management over strategic timeframes, as compared to seasonal forecasts or long-term (century-scale) predictions. The most significant advances in capability for decadal-scale prediction over recent years have been for ocean physics and biogeochemistry, with some notable advances in ecological prediction skill. In this paper, we argue that the process of “lighting the grey zone” by providing improved predictions at decadal scales should also focus on including human dimensions in prediction systems to better meet the needs and priorities of end users. Our paper reviews information needs for decision-making at decadal scales and assesses current capabilities for meeting these needs. We identify key gaps in current capabilities, including the particular challenge of integrating human elements into decadal prediction systems. We then suggest approaches for overcoming these challenges and gaps, highlighting the important role of co-production of tools and scenarios, to build trust and ensure uptake with end users of decadal prediction systems. We also highlight opportunities for combining narratives and quantitative predictions to better incorporate the human dimension in future efforts to light the grey zone of decadal-scale prediction.
Published: 2023

16. Exploring Fundamental Particle Acceleration and Loss Processes in Heliophysics through an Orbiting X-ray Instrument in the Jovian System (A White Paper for the 2024-2033 Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) Decadal Survey)

Author: Dunn, W, Berland, G, Roussos, E, Clark, G, Kollmann, P, Turner, D, Feldman, C, Stallard, T, Branduardi-Raymont, G, Woodfield, E, Rae, I, Ray, L, Carter, J, Lindsay, S, Yao, Z, Marshall, R, Jaynes, A, Ezoe, Y, Numazawa, M, Hospodarsky, G, Wu, X, Weigt, D, Jackman, C, Mori, K, Nénon, Quentin, Desai, R, Blum, L, Nordheim, T, Ness, J, Bodewits, D, Kimura, T, Li, W, Smith, H, Millas, D, Wibisono, A, Achilleos, N, Koutroumpa, Dimitra, Mcentee, S, Collier, H, Bhardwaj, A, Martindale, A, Wolk, S, Badman, S, Kraft, R, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck] (CPS), University of Colorado [Boulder], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Leicester, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Lancaster University, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Iowa [Iowa City], Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo] (TMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Columbia University [New York], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, University of Warwick [Coventry], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Auburn University (AU), Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], Boston University [Boston] (BU), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad] (PRL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and Smithsonian Institution
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Published: 2023

17. Tracing the impacts of recent rapid sea ice changes and the A68 megaberg on the surface freshwater balance of the Weddell and Scotia Seas

Author: Michael P. Meredith, E. Povl Abrahamsen, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, Mark Barham, Yvonne L. Firing, Brian A. King, Peter Brown, J. Alexander Brearley, Andrew J. S. Meijers, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Camille Akhoudas, Geraint A. Tarling, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and European Project: 821001,SO-CHIC(2019)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Mathematics, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract: The Southern Ocean upper-layer freshwater balance exerts a global climatic influence by modulating density stratification and biological productivity, and hence the exchange of heat and carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean interior. It is thus important to understand and quantify the time-varying freshwater inputs, which is challenging from measurements of salinity alone. Here we use seawater oxygen isotopes from samples collected between 2016 and 2021 along a transect spanning the Scotia and northern Weddell Seas to separate the freshwater contributions from sea ice and meteoric sources. The unprecedented retreat of sea ice in 2016 is evidenced as a strong increase in sea ice melt across the northern Weddell Sea, with surface values increasing approximately two percentage points between 2016 and 2018 and column inventories increasing approximately 1 to 2 m. Surface meteoric water concentrations exceeded 4% in early 2021 close to South Georgia due to meltwater from the A68 megaberg; smaller icebergs may influence meteoric water at other times also. Both these inputs highlight the importance of a changing cryosphere for upper-ocean freshening; potential future sea ice retreats and increases in iceberg calving would enhance the impacts of these freshwater sources on the ocean and climate. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities’.
Published: 2023

18. The contribution of the Weddell Gyre to the lower limb of the global overturning circulation

Author: William J. Jenkins, Jun Dong, Paul R. Holland, Brice Loose, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Sinhue Torres-Valdes, Eberhard Fahrbach, Loïc Jullion, Mario Hoppema, Hugh J. Venables, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Peter J. Brown, Sheldon Bacon, Kevin Speer, Marie-José Messias, Michael P. Meredith, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nathional Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Southampton [Southampton], National Oceanographic Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), Florida State University [Tallahassee] ( FSU ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( WHOI ), and Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI )
Subjects: Weddell Sea Bottom Water, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Antarctic Bottom Water, Shutdown of thermohaline circulation, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ocean gyre, Downwelling, Climatology, Circumpolar deep water, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Upwelling, Thermohaline circulation, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The horizontal and vertical circulation of the Weddell Gyre is diagnosed using a box inverse model constructed with recent hydrographic sections and including mobile sea ice and eddy transports. The gyre is found to convey 42 6 8 Sv (1 Sv 5 106 m3 s–1) across the central Weddell Sea and to intensify to 54 6 15 Sv further offshore. This circulation injects 36 6 13 TW of heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the gyre, and exports 51 6 23 mSv of freshwater, including 13 6 1 mSv as sea ice to the midlati- tude Southern Ocean. The gyre’s overturning circulation has an asymmetric double-cell structure, in which 13 6 4 Sv of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and relatively light Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) are trans- formed into upper-ocean water masses by midgyre upwelling (at a rate of 2 6 2 Sv) and into denser AABW by downwelling focussed at the western boundary (8 6 2 Sv). The gyre circulation exhibits a substantial throughflow component, by which CDW and AABW enter the gyre from the Indian sector, undergo ventila- tion and densification within the gyre, and are exported to the South Atlantic across the gyre’s northern rim. The relatively modest net production of AABW in the Weddell Gyre (6 6 2 Sv) suggests that the gyre’s prominence in the closure of the lower limb of global oceanic overturning stems largely from the recycling and equatorward export of Indian-sourced AABW.
Published: 2014
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19. Conclusions: Present and Future of Southern Ocean Biogeography

Author: Koubbi , Philippe, De Broyer , Claude, Griffiths , Huw J., Raymond , Ben, D'Udekem D'Acoz , Cédric, Van De Putte , Anton, Danis , Bruno, DAVID , Bruno, Grant , Susie, Gutt , Julian, Held , Christoph, Hosie , Graham, Huettmann , Falk, Post , Alix, Ropert-Coudert , Yan, Stoddart , Michael, Swadling , Kerrie M., Wadley , Victoria, Laffont, Rémi, C. De Broyer, P. Koubbi et al., Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Integrated Marine Information System ( IMIS ), Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ) -Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), EWHALE Laboratory of Biology and Wildlife Department, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] ( CSIRO ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
Abstract: 7 pages; International audience
Published: 2014

20. Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Author: De Broyer, Claude, Koubbi, Philippe, Griffiths, Huw J., Raymond, Ben, D'Udekem D'Acoz, Cédric, Van De Putte, Anton, Danis, Bruno, DAVID, Bruno, Grant, Susie, Gutt, Julian, Held, Christoph, Hosie, Graham, Huettmann, Falk, Post, Alix, Ropert‐Coudert, Yan, Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Integrated Marine Information System ( IMIS ), Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ) -Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Antarctic biodiversity information facility, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), EWHALE Laboratory of Biology and Wildlife Department, Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] ( CSIRO ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CAML, Total, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Arctic Biology-University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laffont, Rémi
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
Abstract: 498 pages; International audience; The Southern Ocean waters to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula are warming faster than almost any other place on Earth. This area of most rapid environmental change was among others targeted by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life in its collection of biogeographic information. Such biogeographic information is of fundamental importance for monitoring biodiversity, discovering biodiversity hotspots, defining ecoregions and detecting the impacts of environmental changes. It is the preliminary and necessary step in designing marine protected areas in a changing ocean. At the end of five years of extensive biodiversity exploration and assessment by CAML (www.caml.aq) and the OBIS Antarctic Node (the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network, www.scarmarbin.be), a new initiative, the multi-authored "CAML Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean", has been established under the aegis of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to provide an up-to-date synthesis of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic biogeographic knowledge and to make available a new comprehensive online resource for visualisation, analysis and modelling of species distribution. It will constitute a major scientific output of CAML and SCAR-MarBIN as well as being a significant legacy of CoML and the International Polar Year to fulfill the needs of biogeographic information for science, conservation, monitoring and sustainable management of the changing Southern Ocean. It will be of direct benefit to the Antarctic Treaty and associated bodies such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Published: 2014

21. Antarctic Seabed Assemblages in an Ice-Shelf-Adjacent Polynya, Western Weddell Sea

Author: Frinault, Bétina AV, Christie, Frazer DW, Fawcett, Sarah E, Flynn, Raquel F, Hutchinson, Katherine A, Montes Strevens, Chloë MJ, Taylor, Michelle L, Woodall, Lucy C, Barnes, David KA, Frinault, Bétina AV [0000-0002-0418-0040], Fawcett, Sarah E [0000-0002-0878-6496], Flynn, Raquel F [0000-0003-3118-4474], Hutchinson, Katherine A [0000-0002-3472-8273], Taylor, Michelle L [0000-0001-7271-4385], Woodall, Lucy C [0000-0001-7295-7184], Barnes, David KA [0000-0002-9076-7867], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Marine and Antarctic Research Center for Innovation and Sustainability (MARIS), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), School of life sciences, University of Essex, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: climate change, ice shelf, continental shelf, coastal polynya, benthic assemblages, benthic biodiversity, functional groups, Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Weddell Sea, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Peer reviewed: True, Funder: the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Funder: University of Cape Town Future Leaders Programme, Funder: Nekton Foundation, Funder: the Natural Environment Research Council core funding, Ice shelves cover ~1.6 million km2 of the Antarctic continental shelf and are sensitive indicators of climate change. With ice-shelf retreat, aphotic marine environments transform into new open-water spaces of photo-induced primary production and associated organic matter export to the benthos. Predicting how Antarctic seafloor assemblages may develop following ice-shelf loss requires knowledge of assemblages bordering the ice-shelf margins, which are relatively undocumented. This study investigated seafloor assemblages, by taxa and functional groups, in a coastal polynya adjacent to the Larsen C Ice Shelf front, western Weddell Sea. The study area is rarely accessed, at the frontline of climate change, and located within a CCAMLR-proposed international marine protected area. Four sites, ~1 to 16 km from the ice-shelf front, were explored for megabenthic assemblages, and potential environmental drivers of assemblage structures were assessed. Faunal density increased with distance from the ice shelf, with epifaunal deposit-feeders a surrogate for overall density trends. Faunal richness did not exhibit a significant pattern with distance from the ice shelf and was most variable at sites closest to the ice-shelf front. Faunal assemblages significantly differed in composition among sites, and those nearest to the ice shelf were the most dissimilar; however, ice-shelf proximity did not emerge as a significant driver of assemblage structure. Overall, the study found a biologically-diverse and complex seafloor environment close to an ice-shelf front and provides ecological baselines for monitoring benthic ecosystem responses to environmental change, supporting marine management.
Published: 2022

22. The rising threat of climate change for arthropods from Earth’s cold regions: Taxonomic rather than native status drives species sensitivity

Author: David Renault, Camille Leclerc, Marc‐Antoine Colleu, Aude Boutet, Hoel Hotte, Hervé Colinet, Steven L. Chown, Peter Convey, Université de Rennes (UR), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Nématologie (LSV Rennes), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Monash University [Melbourne], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor. Grant Number: Projet IPEV 136 Subanteco, InEE-CNRS. Project ‘Long-term research on biodiversity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems’, Peter Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team, Steven Chown is supported by ARC SRIEAS Grant SR200100005, and ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020)
Subjects: sub-Antarctic islands, warming, Climate Change, arachnid, MESH: Biodiversity, MESH: Invertebrates, thermal fluctuations, MESH: Arthropods, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, Arthropods, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Diptera, MESH: Climate Change, temperature, Biodiversity, Invertebrates, Coleoptera, heat exposure, Araneae, insect, ZABR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The R scripts and data are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809341; International audience; Polar and alpine regions are changing rapidly with global climate change. Yet, the impacts on biodiversity, especially on the invertebrate ectotherms which are dominant in these areas, remain poorly understood. Short-term extreme temperature events, which are growing in frequency, are expected to have profound impacts on high-latitude ectotherms, with native species being less resilient than their alien counterparts. Here, we examined in the laboratory the effects of short periodic exposures to thermal extremes on survival responses of seven native and two non-native invertebrates from the sub-Antarctic Islands. We found that survival of dipterans was significantly reduced under warming exposures, on average having median lethal times (LT50) of about 30 days in control conditions, which declined to about 20 days when exposed to daily short-term maxima of 24°C. Conversely, coleopterans were either not, or were less, affected by the climatic scenarios applied, with predicted LT50 as high as 65 days under the warmest condition (daily exposures at 28°C for 2 h). The native spider Myro kerguelensis was characterized by an intermediate sensitivity when subjected to short-term daily heat maxima. Our results unexpectedly revealed a taxonomic influence, with physiological sensitivity to heat differing between higher level taxa, but not between native and non-native species representing the same higher taxon. The survival of a non-native carabid beetle under the experimentally imposed conditions was very high, but similar to that of native beetles, while native and non-native flies also exhibited very similar sensitivity to warming. As dipterans are a major element of diversity of sub-Antarctic, Arctic and other cold ecosystems, such observations suggest that the increased occurrence of extreme, short-term, thermal events could lead to large-scale restructuring of key terrestrial ecosystem components both in ecosystems protected from and those exposed to the additional impacts of biological invasions.
Published: 2022

23. The macro- and megabenthic fauna on the continental shelf of the eastern Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Author: Peter Enderlein, Chester J. Sands, Lenaïg G. Hemery, Mark O′Loughlin, Adrian G. Glover, Christopher L. Mah, Thomas Saucède, Tomás Munilla, Bruno David, Sammy De Grave, Katrin Linse, D. K.A. Barnes, Marc Eléaume, Huw J. Griffiths, Niki Davey, Benjamin Pierrat, Rafael Martín-Ledo, Angelika Brandt, Cédric d′Udekem d′Acoz, Jan M. Strugnell, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research [Nelson] ( NIWA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Museum of Natural History, Oxford University, Integrated Marine Information System ( IMIS ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, Area de Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Laboratorio de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria [Melbourne], Department of Genetics, La Trobe University [Melbourne]-La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Study funded by The Natural Environment Research Council., British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research [Nelson] (NIWA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Integrated Marine Information System (IMIS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], and Universidad de Extremadura (UEX)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fauna, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Abundance, Abundance (ecology), Megafauna, 14. Life underwater, Transect, Southern Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Pine Island, Benthic zone, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Megabenthos, Bay
Abstract: 11 pages; International audience; In 2008 the BIOPEARL II expedition on board of RRS James Clark Ross sailed to the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment and Pine Island Bay, one of the least studied Antarctic continental shelf regions due to its remoteness and ice cover. A total of 37 Agassiz trawls were deployed at depth transects along the continental and trough slopes. A total of 5469 specimens, belonging to 32 higher taxonomic groups and more than 270 species, were collected. Species richness per station varied from 1 to 55. The benthic assemblages were dominated by echinoderms and clearly different to those in the Ross, Scotia and Weddell seas. Here we present the macro- and megafaunal assemblage structure, its species richness and the presence of several undescribed species.
Published: 2013

24. Patterns, processes and vulnerability of Southern Ocean benthos: a decadal leap in knowledge and understanding

Author: Jeroen Ingels, Ann Vanreusel, Dorte Janussen, Chantal De Ridder, Benjamin Pierrat, Saskia Brix, Anne-Nina Lörz, Kari E. Ellingsen, David A. Pearce, Narissa Bax, Moriaki Yasuhara, Torben Riehl, Christoph Held, Claudia P. Arango, Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Gritta Veit-Köhler, Renuka Badhe, David A. Bowden, Myriam Schüller, Charlotte Havermans, Armin Rose, Julian Gutt, Chester J. Sands, Stefano Schiaparelli, Jan M. Strugnell, Florian Leese, Bruno David, Huw J. Griffiths, Anna Soler-Membrives, Anna I. Catarino, Angelika Brandt, Nerida G. Wilson, Kenneth M. Halanych, Adrian G. Glover, Simone N. Brandão, Philippe Dubois, Nils Brenke, David K. A. Barnes, Stefanie Kaiser, Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Marine Biology Department, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Universita degli studi di Genova, Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Zakład Biologii Polarnej i Oceanobiologii, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Nauk Geograficznych, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research [Wilhelmshaven, Allemagne] (DZMB), Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Biological Sciences [Auburn], Auburn University (AU), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Unitat de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Genetics, La Trobe University [Melbourne]-La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-Swire Institute of Marine Science, Department of Earth Sciences [Hong kong], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Additional funding was gratefully received from the German Research Foundation (DFG, code KA 2857/1-1) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) (S. Kaiser). S.N. Branda˜o was a Alexander von Humboldt fellow and also received support from SYNTHESYS and Encyclopedia of Life. C. Arango acknowledges support from the Australian Antarctic Science Grants (project AA3010) and CAML and the organizers of the Wilhelmshaven workshop for travel funding. NIWA staff was supported by the New Zealand Government under the New Zealand IPYCAML Project (IPY2007-01), project governance provided by the Ministry of Fisheries Science Team and the Ocean Survey 20/20 CAML Advisory Group (Land Information New Zealand, Ministry of Fisheries, Antarctica New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Ltd), partfunding was provided by the Ministry of Science and Innovation project COBR1302 (Biodiversity & Biosecurity). BAS staff was supported by the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme. A. Brandt acknowledges the support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) for support of the ANDEEP and ANDEEP- SYSTCO expeditions and various Southern Ocean projects (Br 1121/22, 1-3, Br 1121/26, 1-4, Br 1121/27-1, Br 1121/28-1, Br 1121/33-1, Br 1121/34-1, Br 1121/37-1, Br 1121/38-1, Br 1121/39-1, Br 1121/40-1, Br 1121/41, 1, Br 1121/43-1, 436 RUS 17/20/02, 436 POL 17/6/03, 436 RUS 17/91/03, 436 RUS 17/103/05, 436 RUS 17/58/06) as well as to the University of Hamburg. J. Ingels and A. Vanreusel acknowledge support from the Belgian Science Policy and the ESF IMCOAST project with contributions of Research Foundation Flanders. F. Leese and C. Held were supported by DFG grants MA 3684/2 and LE 2323/2 within the priority program 1158. B. David and C. De Ridder received support from the Belgian Science Policy (Research project SD/BA/02A, BIANZO II) and ANR Antflocks ANR ANTFLOCKS (No. 07-BLAN-0213-01). D. Janussen thanks the DFG (DFG-Projects JA 1063/14-1.2, JA-1063-17-1), and SYNTHESYS (GB-TAF 885, NL-TAF 11, ES-TAF 1705, AT-TAF 2600) for their support. C. Havermans was financially supported by the Belgian Science Policy with an 'Action II' grant (contract number WI/36/H04). T. Riehl received funding from the German National Academic Foundation (Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes). N. Wilson's participation was facilitated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography and an NSF OPP grant ANT-1043749., German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research ( DZMB ), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies ( IMAS ), Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ( NINA ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Auburn University, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), Scripps Institution of Oceanography ( SIO ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), The University of Hong Kong ( HKU ) -Swire Institute of Marine Science, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong ( HKU ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Climate change, Context (language use), Marine life, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Natural resource, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Biologie
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; In the Southern Ocean, that is areas south of the Polar Front, long-term oceanographic cooling, geographic separation, development of isolating current and wind systems, tectonic drift and fluctuation of ice sheets amongst others have resulted in a highly endemic benthic fauna, which is generally adapted to the long-lasting, relatively stable environmental conditions. The Southern Ocean benthic ecosystem has been subject to minimal direct anthropogenic impact (compared to elsewhere) and thus presents unique opportunities to study biodiversity and its responses to environmental change. Since the beginning of the century, research under the Census of Marine Life and International Polar Year initiatives, as well as Scientific Committee of Antarctic Research biology programmes, have considerably advanced our understanding of the Southern Ocean benthos. In this paper, we evaluate recent progress in Southern Ocean benthic research and identify priorities for future research. Intense efforts to sample and describe the benthic fauna, coupled with coordination of information in global databases, have greatly enhanced understanding of the biodiversity and biogeography of the region. Some habitats, such as chemosynthetic systems, have been sampled for the first time, while application of new technologies and methods are yielding new insights into ecosystem structure and function. These advances have also highlighted important research gaps, notably the likely consequences of climate change. In a time of potentially pivotal environmental change, one of the greatest challenges is to balance conservation with increasing demands on the Southern Ocean's natural resources and services. In this context, the characterization of Southern Ocean biodiversity is an urgent priority requiring timely and accurate species identifications, application of standardized sampling and reporting procedures, as well as cooperation between disciplines and nations.
Published: 2013

25. Glacial-interglacial dynamics of Antarctic firn columns: comparison between simulations and ice core air- δ 15N measurements

Author: Capron, E., Landais, A., Buiron, D., Cauquoin, A., Chappellaz, J., Debret, M., Jouzel, J., Leuenberger, M., Martinerie, P., Masson-Delmotte, V., Mulvaney, R., Parrenin, F., Prié, F., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern], University of Bern, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: 530 Physics, glacial-interglacial cycle, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, firn, Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica, surface temperature, snow accumulation, West Antarctica, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, nitrogen isotope, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Dome Concordia, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Antarctica, James Ross Island, last deglaciation, numerical model, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ice core, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Correct estimation of the firn lock-in depth is essential for correctly linking gas and ice chronologies in ice core studies. Here, two approaches to constrain the firn depth evolution in Antarctica are presented over the last deglaciation : outputs of a firn densification model, and measurements of 15N of N2 in air trapped in ice core, assuming that 15N is only affected by gravitational fractionation in the firn column. Since the firn densification process is largely governed by surface temperature and accumulation rate, we have investigated four ice cores drilled in coastal (Berkner Island, BI, and James Ross Island, JRI) and semi-coastal (TALDICE and EPICA Dronning Maud Land, EDML) Antarctic regions. Combined with available ice core air- 15N measurements from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) site, the studied regions encompass a large range of surface accumulation rates and temperature conditions. Our 15N profiles reveal a heterogeneous response of the firn structure to glacial-interglacial climatic changes. While firn densification simulations correctly predict TALDICE 15N variations, they systematically fail to capture the large millennial-scale 15N variations measured at BI and the 15N glacial levels measured at JRI and EDML - a mismatch previously reported for central East Antarctic ice cores. New constraints of the EDML gas-ice depth offset during the Laschamp event ( 41 ka) and the last deglaciation do not favour the hypothesis of a large convective zone within the firn as the explanation of the glacial firn model- 15N data mismatch for this site. While we could not conduct an indepth study of the influence of impurities in snow for firnification from the existing datasets, our detailed comparison between the 15N profiles and firn model simulations under different temperature and accumulation rate scenarios suggests that the role of accumulation rate may have been underestimated in the current description of firnification models.
Published: 2013

26. Trans-equatorial migration routes, staging sites and wintering areas of a High-Arctic avian predator: the Long-tailed Skua (Stercorarius longicaudus)

Author: Jeroen Reneerkens, Jannik Hansen, Johannes Lang, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Olivier Gilg, Jérôme Moreau, Richard A. Phillips, Loïc Bollache, Børge Moe, Thomas Oudman, Elisabeth M. Biersma, Olivier Chastel, Benoît Sittler, Brigitte Sabard, Anette A. Fenstad, Niels Martin Schmidt, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Arctic Research Centre, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Animal Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé ( CEBC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Arctic Centre, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ), Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Support to this study from the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, the French Polar Institut (IPEV, project '1036-Interactions'), the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), the Fram Centre, Arctic Field Grant, and from the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Arctic and Antarctic studies, and Piersma group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Greenland, lcsh:Medicine, habitat, Breeding, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Svalbard, Marine Conservation, Stercorarius longicaudus, Ornithology, Flyway, Oceans, movements, north-atlantic, lcsh:Science, Atlantic Ocean, atlantic-ocean, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Animal Behavior, biology, Arctic Regions, Marine Ecology, dynamics, tracking, Geography, geolocation, Biogeography, climate-change, Seasons, Seabird, reveals, pelagic seabird, Research Article, Marine Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Birds, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Southern Hemisphere, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Marine and aquatic sciences, Fishery, Earth sciences, Arctic, Predatory Behavior, Upwelling, Animal Migration, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oceanic basin, Zoology
Abstract: The Long-tailed Skua, a small (,300 g) Arctic-breeding predator and seabird, is a functionally very important component of the Arctic vertebrate communities in summer, but little is known about its migration and winter distribution. We used lightlevel geolocators to track the annual movements of eight adult birds breeding in north-east Greenland (n = 3) and Svalbard (n = 5). All birds wintered in the Southern Hemisphere (mean arrival-departure dates on wintering grounds: 24 October-21 March): five along the south-west coast of Africa (0–40uS, 0–15uE), in the productive Benguela upwelling, and three further south (30–40uS, 0–50uE), in an area extending into the south-west Indian Ocean. Different migratory routes and rates of travel were documented during post-breeding (345 km d21 in late August-early September) and spring migrations (235 km d21 in late April) when most birds used a more westerly flyway. Among the different staging areas, a large region off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland appears to be the most important. It was used in autumn by all but one of the tracked birds (from a few days to three weeks) and in spring by five out of eight birds (from one to more than six weeks). Two other staging sites, off the Iberian coast and near the Azores, were used by two birds in spring for five to six weeks. Over one year, individuals travelled between 43,900 and 54,200 km (36,600–45,700 when excluding staging periods) and went as far as 10,500–13,700 km (mean 12,800 km) from their breeding sites. This study has revealed important marine areas in both the south and north Atlantic Ocean. Sustainable management of these ocean basins will benefit Long-tailed Skuas as well as other trans-equatorial migrants from the Arctic. © 2013 Gilg et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Published: 2013

27. The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change

Author: Marika M. Holland, Barbara Wienecke, Noah F. Greenwald, Philip N. Trathan, Julienne Stroeve, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Peter T. Fretwell, Shaye Wolf, Sara Labrousse, Christophe Barbraud, Michelle A. LaRue, Judy Che-Castaldo, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Climate Law Institute, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Center for Biological Diversity, Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Species distribution, Endangered species, Antarctic Regions, Climate change, sea ice projections, Extinction, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Vulnerable species, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, treatment of scientific uncertainty, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, redundancy and representation (3Rs), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, resiliency, 15. Life on land, Spheniscidae, Fishery, climate risk assessments, Geography, foreseeable future, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Threatened species, Endangered Species Act, species distribution, Climate model, population projections
Abstract: International audience; Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA.
Published: 2021

28. Volcanic synchronisation between the EPICA Dome C and Vostok ice cores (Antarctica) 0–145 kyr BP

Author: Jean-Robert Petit, Frédéric Parrenin, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Daniel Veres, Jakob Schwander, B. M. Vinther, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Mirko Severi, Jean Jouzel, Eric W. Wolff, Roberto Udisti, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, University of Florence (UNIFI), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Schiff' [Sesto Fiorentino] (DICUS UniFI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute ( AARI ), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring ( Roshydromet ), Niels Bohr Institute ( NBI ) -University of Copenhagen ( KU ), and University of Florence
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Stratigraphy, sub-01, [ SDU.STU.VO ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, EUROPEAN PROJECT, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Ice core, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Lake Vostok, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Temporal change, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ERUPTION, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Phase difference, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, EAST ANTARCTICA, CYCLES, East antarctica, RECORD, Ice thickness, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Chemistry, Volcano, 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, LAST GLACIAL PERIOD, TOBA, Geology, [ SDU.STU.AG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Chronology
Abstract: This study aims at refining the synchronisation between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Vostok ice cores in the time interval 0–145 kyr BP by using the volcanic signatures. 102 common volcanic events were identified by using continuous electrical conductivity (ECM), di-electrical profiling (DEP) and sulfate measurements while trying to minimize the distortion of the glaciological chronologies. This is an update and a continuation of previous works performed over the 0–45 kyr interval that provided 56 tie points to the ice core chronologies (Udisti et al., 2004). This synchronisation will serve to establish Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2012, the next synchronised Antarctic dating. A change of slope in the EDC-depth/Vostok-depth diagram is probably related to a change of accumulation regime as well as to a change of ice thickness upstream of the Lake Vostok, but we did not invoke any significant temporal change of surface accumulation at EDC relative to Vostok. No significant phase difference is detected between the EDC and Vostok isotopic records, but depth shifts between the Vostok 3G and 5G ice cores prevent from looking at this problem accurately. Three possible candidates for the Toba volcanic super-eruption ~73 kyr ago are suggested in the Vostok and EDC volcanic records. Neither the ECM, DEP nor the sulfate fingerprints for these 3 events are significantly larger than many others in the records.
Published: 2012

29. Correlative and dynamic species distribution modelling for ecological predictions in the Antarctic: a cross-disciplinary concept

Author: Claude De Broyer, Benjamin Pierrat, John Turner, Huw J. Griffiths, William W. L. Cheung, Rémi Laffont, Damaris Zurell, Thomas Saucède, Melody S. Clark, Bruno Danis, Guido di Prisco, Martin J. Riddle, Bruno David, Cinzia Verde, Julian Gutt, Thomas J. Bracegridle, Lloyd S. Peck, Peter Convey, Zhaomin Wang, Volker Grimm, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia ( UBC ), Antarctic biodiversity information facility, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Invertebrates, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council [Italy] ( CNR ), Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Earth and Environmental Science [Potsdam], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of British Columbia (UBC), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council [Italy] (CNR), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Department of Ecological Modelling [UFZ Leipzig], and Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), Context (language use), Oceanography, Environmental change, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, lcsh:Oceanography, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecoregion, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:GC1-1581, habitat suitability models, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, integrative modelling framework, spatially and temporally explicit modelling, macroecology, lcsh:GE1-350, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Biosphere, 15. Life on land, Biodiversity hotspot, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Environmental niche modelling, spatially and temporally explicit modelling macroecology, Conceptual framework, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Developments of future scenarios of Antarctic ecosystems are still in their infancy, whilst predictions of the physical environment are recognized as being of global relevance and corresponding models are under continuous development. However, in the context of environmental change simulations of the future of the Antarctic biosphere are increasingly demanded by decision makers and the public, and are of fundamental scientific interest. This paper briefly reviews existing predictive models applied to Antarctic ecosystems before providing a conceptual framework for the further development of spatially and temporally explicit ecosystem models. The concept suggests how to improve approaches to relating species’ habitat description to the physical environment, for which a case study on sea urchins is presented. In addition, the concept integrates existing and new ideas to consider dynamic components, particularly information on the natural history of key species, from physiological experiments and biomolecular analyses. Thereby, we identify and critically discuss gaps in knowledge and methodological limitations. These refer to process understanding of biological complexity, the need for high spatial resolution oceanographic data from the entire water column, and the use of data from biomolecular analyses in support of such ecological approaches. Our goal is to motivate the research community to contribute data and knowledge to a holistic, Antarctic-specific, macroecological framework. Such a framework will facilitate the integration of theoretical and empirical work in Antarctica, improving our mechanistic understanding of this globally influential ecoregion, and supporting actions to secure this biodiversity hotspot and its ecosystem services.Keywords: Environmental change; integrative modelling framework; spatially and temporally explicit modelling macroecology; biodiversity; habitat suitability models(Published: 4 May 2012)Citation: Polar Research 2012, 31, 11091, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.11091 To access the supplementary material to this article: Supplementary Tables S1, S2, please see Supplementary Files in the column to the right (under Article Tools).
Published: 2012

30. DNA barcoding and molecular systematics of the benthic and demersal organisms of the CEAMARC survey

Author: Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Piotr Kuklinski, Claudia P. Arango, Benjamin Pierrat, Arnaud Couloux, Lenaïg G. Hemery, Anne Chenuil, Dirk Steinke, Cyril Gallut, Guillaume Lecointre, Christopher L. Mah, Nicolas Puillandre, Huw J. Griffiths, Katarzyna Tarnowska, Bruno David, Françoise Denis, Nadia Améziane, Pierre Lozouet, Rachel A. Grant, Sarah J. Adamowizc, Elie Poulin, Agnès Dettai, Katrin Linse, Claire Piedallu, David K. A. Barnes, Angie Díaz, Thomas Saucède, Timothy D. O'Hara, Marc Eléaume, Aurélie Froger, Jan M. Strugnell, Corinne Cruaud, Victoria Wadley, Françoise Monniot, Louise Allcock, Jean-Pierre Féral, Darren W. Stevens, Peter J. Smith, Iain Barratt, Christoph D. Schubart, Mark D. Norman, Graham W. Hosie, Martin J. Riddle, Sarah Samadi, Gaël P.J. Denys, Christoph Held, Systématique, adaptation, évolution ( SAE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] ( NUI Galway ), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine ( DIMAR ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] ( GENOSCOPE ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Le Mans Université ( UM ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes ( BOME ), Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australian Antarctic Division, Natural History Museum, Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, Museum Victoria, Museum Victoria [Melbourne], Biologie 1, Universität Regensburg ( UR ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Department of Zoology, Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine (DIMAR), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Universität Regensburg (UR), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematics, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Marine life, Biology, Aquatic Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Demersal zone, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Barcode, Taxonomy, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phylogeography, Cytochrome oxidase 1, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], CEAMARC, Benthic zone, Molecular phylogenetics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Taxonomy (biology), [ SDV.BID.SPT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; The Dumont d'Urville Sea (East Antarctic region) has been less investigated for DNA barcoding and molecular taxonomy than other parts of the Southern Ocean, such as the Ross Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula. The Collaborative East Antarctic MARine Census (CEAMARC) took place in this area during the austral summer of 2007e2008. The Australian vessel RSVAurora Australis collected very diverse samples of demersal and benthic organisms. The specimens were sorted centrally, and then distributed to taxonomic experts for molecular and morphological taxonomy and identification, especially barcoding. The COI sequences generated from CEAMARC material provide a sizeable proportion of the Census of Antarctic Marine Life barcodes although the studies are still ongoing, and represent the only source of sequences for a number of species. Barcoding appears to be a valuable method for identification within most groups, despite low divergences and haplotype sharing in a few species, and it is also useful as a preliminary taxonomic exploration method. Several new species are being described. CEAMARC samples have already provided new material for phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies in cephalopods, pycnogonids, teleost fish, crinoids and sea urchins, helping these studies to provide a better insight in the patterns of evolution in the Southern Ocean.
Published: 2011

31. How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species

Author: De Broyer, Claude, Danis, Bruno, Allcock, Louise, Angel, Martin, Arango, Claudia, Artois, Tom, Barnes, David, Bartsch, Ilse, Bester, Marthan, Blachowiak-Samolyk, Kasia, Blazewicz, Magda, Bohn, Jens, Brandt, Angelika, Brandao, Simone Nunes, David, Bruno, de Salas, Miguel, Downey, Rachel, Eleaume, Marc, Emig, Christian, Fautin, Daphne, George, Kai-Horst, Gillan, David, Gooday, Andrew, Hopcroft, Russ, Jangoux, Michel, Janussen, Dorte, Koubbi, Philippe, Kouwenberg, Juliana, Kuklinski, Piotr, Ligowski, Ryszard, Lindsay, Dhugal, Linse, Katrin, Longshaw, Matt, Lopez-Gonzalez, Pablo, Patrick, Martin, Munilla, Tomas, Muehlenhardt-Siegel, Ute, Neuhaus, Birger, Norenburg, Jon, Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine, Pakhomov, Evgeny, Perrin, William, Petryashov, Victor, Pena-Cantero, Alvaro L, Piatkowski, Uwe, Pierrot-Bults, Annelies, Rocka, Anna, Saiz-Salinas, Jose, Salvini-Plawen, Luitfried, Scarabino, Victor, Schiaparelli, Stefano, Schroedl, Michael, Schwabe, Enrico, Scott, Fiona, Sicinski, Jacek, Siegel, Volker, Smirnov, Igor, Thatje, Sven, Utevsky, Andrei, Vanreusel, Ann, Wiencke, Christian, Woehler, Eric, Zdzitowiecki, Krzysztof, Zeidler, Wolfgang, Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] ( NUI Galway ), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie ( COFRHIGEO ), Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), BrachNet, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Juliana Children's Hospital, Haga Teaching Hospital, Natural History Museum, Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Laboratorio de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), Biology education, University of Munich, Systématique, adaptation, évolution ( SAE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] ( GEOMAR ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Universita degli studi di Genova, Ocean and Earth Science, Marine Biology Department, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies ( IMAS ), University of Tasmania, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles ( I.R.Sc.N.B. ), Biologie des Eaux Douces, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Zoology [Galway], Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway)-National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie (COFRHIGEO), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Haga Teaching Hospital [Hague], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles (I.R.Sc.N.B.), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, Biodiversity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Information system, Taxonomic impediment, Species inventory, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, Taxonomy, Barcoding, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global change, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Habitat, Antarctic, Cybertaxonomy, Global biodiversity
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; The IPY sister-projects CAML and SCAR-MarBIN provided a timely opportunity, a strong collaborative framework and an appropriate momentum to attempt assessing the “Known, Unknown and Unknowable” of Antarctic marine biodiversity. To allow assessing the known biodiversity, SCAR-MarBIN “Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS)” was compiled and published by a panel of 64 taxonomic experts. Thanks to this outstanding expertise mobilized for the first time, an accurate list of more than 8100 valid species was compiled and an up-to-date systematic classification comprising more than 16,800 taxon names was established. This taxonomic information is progressively and systematically completed by species occurrence data, provided by literature, taxonomic and biogeographic databases, new data from CAML and other cruises, and museum collections. RAMS primary role was to establish a benchmark of the present taxonomic knowledge of the Southern Ocean biodiversity, particularly important in the context of the growing realization of potential impacts of the global change on Antarctic ecosystems. This, in turn, allowed detecting gaps in knowledge, taxonomic treatment and coverage, and estimating the importance of the taxonomic impediment, as well as the needs for more complete and efficient taxonomic tools. A second, but not less important, role of RAMS was to contribute to the “taxonomic backbone” of the SCAR-MarBIN, OBIS and GBIF networks, to establish a dynamic information system on Antarctic marine biodiversity for the future. The unknown part of the Southern Ocean biodiversity was approached by pointing out what remains to be explored and described in terms of geographical locations and bathymetric zones, habitats, or size classes of organisms. The growing importance of cryptic species is stressed, as they are more and more often detected by molecular studies in several taxa. Relying on RAMS results and on some case studies of particular model groups, the question of the potential number of species that remains to be discovered in the Southern Ocean is discussed.In terms of taxonomic inputs to the census of Southern Ocean biodiversity, the current rate of progress in inventorying the Antarctic marine species as well as the state of taxonomic resources and capacity were assessed. Different ways of improving the taxonomic inputs are suggested.
Published: 2011

32. Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic

Author: Maria Eugenia Manjón-Cabeza, Iain Barratt, Meike Meißner, Julian Gutt, Maarten Raes, Henri Robert, Jan Seiler, Antoine Grémare, Armin Rose, Craig R. Smith, Meike Scheidat, Américo Montiel, Karl-Hermann Kock, Hans-Werner Schenke, Elisabet Sañé Schepisi, Werner Dimmler, Thomas Saucède, Dorte Janussen, Enrique Isla, Stephanie Langner, Linn Sophia Lehnert, Eugene W. Domack, Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz, Elaina Jorgensen, Pablo José López-Gonzáles, Olaf Heilmayer, Katrin Linse, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Department of Geosciences, Hamilton College, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), FIELAX GmbH, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Institute for Sea Fisheries, Johann Heinrich von Thüne Institute, Research and Technology Centre, University of Kiel, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Sevilla, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Animal Biology, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magellanes, Marine Biology Section, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research [Wilhelmshaven, Allemagne] (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Financial support of ANT XXIII/8 Polarstern expedition by CAML, BIANZO II, UMAC, DFG and of L.M. Gould and N.B. Palmer expeditions by NSF., Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] ( ICM ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga], Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Krill, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, 1st insights, Benthos, Antarctic Peninsula, Euphausia superba [Antarctic krill], Ecosystemen, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, southern-ocean, biogeography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, deep-sea, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, aggregations, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Apex predators, Iceberg, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, western weddell sea, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, peninsula, Deep-sea species, species-diversity, impact, Pioneer species, ross sea, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: Julian Gutt ... et al. -- 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.024, The marine ecosystem on the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula was surveyed 5 and 12 years after the climate-induced collapse of the Larsen A and B ice shelves. An impoverished benthic fauna was discovered, that included deep-sea species presumed to be remnants from ice-covered conditions. The current structure of various ecosystem components appears to result from extremely different response rates to the change from an oligotrophic sub-ice-shelf ecosystem to a productive shelf ecosystem. Meiobenthic communities remained impoverished only inside the embayments. On local scales, macro- and mega-epibenthic diversity was generally low, with pioneer species and typical Antarctic megabenthic shelf species interspersed. Antarctic Minke whales and seals utilised the Larsen A/B area to feed on presumably newly established krill and pelagic fish biomass. Ecosystem impacts also extended well beyond the zone of ice-shelf collapse, with areas of high benthic disturbance resulting from scour by icebergs discharged from the Larsen embayments, Financial supportofANTXXIII/8 Polarstern expedition by CAML, BIANZOII, UMAC, DFGandof L.M. Gould and N.B. Palmer expeditions by NSF.Additional species identification by E.Cano (E.C.), C.DeBroyer (C.D.B.), J.-M.Gili (J.-M.G.), C.M.Lopez-Fedela Cuadra (C.M.L.), C. McClelland (C.M.), E.Rodríguez (E.R.), M.Roux (M.R.), V.Siegel, N.Teixido, H.Wägele (H.W.), helpful comments by A. Van reuse land two anonymous referees. ROV provided by MARUM/University of Bremen, oceanographic equipment by D. Gerdes.This is CAML contribution #39
Published: 2011

33. Migration, wintering distribution and habitat use of an endangered tropical seabird, Barau's petrel Pterodroma baraui

Author: Sébastien Jaquemet, Richard A. Phillips, Henri Weimerskirch, David Pinaud, Patrick Pinet, Matthieu Le Corre, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine ( ECOMAR ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé ( CEBC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Endangered species, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, East Asian Monsoon, 14. Life underwater, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Migration, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, biology, Tropical seabird, Geolocation, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine reserve, Pterodroma baraui, Westerlies, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Oceanography, Habitat use, Threatened species, [ SDV.BA.ZV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Upwelling, Seabird
Abstract: International audience; Gadfly petrels are strictly oceanic seabirds that range very far from their breeding grounds. Foraging movements outside the breeding season are poorly described. We used global location sensing (GLS) to describe the migration pathways and wintering habitats of Barau's petrels Pterodroma baraui, an endemic, endangered seabird of Reunion Island (western Indian Ocean). In 2 consecutive years, petrels migrated far eastward, up to 5000 km from their breeding colony, to the central and eastern Indian Ocean. Migration pathways, timing, and wintering areas varied little among individuals, and non-breeding areas were remarkably consistent between years. There was no sexual variation in migration patterns. Barau's petrels did not occur in the most productive areas of the Indian Ocean (Arabian Gulf and Somalia upwelling region) but instead foraged over warm oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters. Tracked birds consistently occurred in areas with relatively strong and consistent easterly winds, and avoided northern regions with weaker westerly winds. Our results indicate that Barau's petrels use an expansive wintering area between the western South Equatorial Current and the eastern Equatorial Counter Current, characterised by warm sea surface temperatures (SST) and low productivity. However, wind regimes in the Indian Ocean are strongly influenced by the Asian Monsoon; in this particular area, wind and currents may create a frontal system where prey are aggregated, increasing their accessibility for Barau's petrels. These results provide important baseline information for conservation, and are useful for the selection of potential marine reserves and the evaluation of effects of pollution or climate change on this highly threatened species.
Published: 2011

34. Clouds drive differences in future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves

Author: Christoph Kittel, Charles Amory, Stefan Hofer, Cécile Agosta, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Ella Gilbert, Louis Le Toumelin, Étienne Vignon, Hubert Gallée, Xavier Fettweis, Université de Liège, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This research has been supported by the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) and the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO) (under the EOS project no. O0100718F and grant no. T.0002.16). Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (F.R.S. – FNRS) under grant no. 2.5020.11, and the Tier-1 supercomputer (Zenobe) of the Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles infrastructure, funded by the Walloon Region under grant agreement no. 1117545. Christoph Kittel and Nicolas C. Jourdain have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101003826 via the CRiceS (Climate Relevant interactions and feedbacks: the key role of sea ice and Snow in the polar and global climate system) project.
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Recent warm atmospheric conditions have damaged the ice shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula through surface melt and hydrofracturing and could potentially initiate future collapse of other Antarctic ice shelves. However, model projections with similar greenhouse gas scenarios suggest large differences in cumulative 21st-century surface melting. So far it remains unclear whether these differences are due to variations in warming rates in individual models or whether local feedback mechanisms of the surface energy budget could also play a notable role. Here we use the polar-oriented regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) to study the physical mechanisms that would control future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves in high-emission scenarios RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5. We show that clouds enhance future surface melt by increasing the atmospheric emissivity and longwave radiation towards the surface. Furthermore, we highlight that differences in meltwater production for the same climate warming rate depend on cloud properties and particularly cloud phase. Clouds containing a larger amount of supercooled liquid water lead to stronger melt, subsequently favouring the absorption of solar radiation due to the snowmelt–albedo feedback. As liquid-containing clouds are projected to increase the melt spread associated with a given warming rate, they could be a major source of uncertainties in projections of the future Antarctic contribution to sea level rise.
Published: 2022

35. Presence of Southeast Pacific blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) off South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean

Author: Constanza Rojas‐Cerda, Susannah J. Buchan, Trevor A. Branch, Franck Malige, Julie Patris, Rodrigo Hucke‐Gaete, Iain Staniland, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur Oriental (COPAS), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DYNamiques de l’Information (DYNI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Universidad Austral de Chile, centro ballena azul, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; The Southeast Pacific (SEP) or Chilean blue whale population is largely distributed between Northern Chilean Patagonia and the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Off South Georgia (SG), the majority of blue whales caught were Antarctic blue whales, but recent genetic and acoustic records indicate the possible presence of SEP individuals. To assess the presence of SEP blue whales off SG, we carried out new analyses of acoustic data previously reported as containing pygmy blue whale song and analyzed the length frequencies from 20th century catch data. The month of acoustic data reported to contain the presumed pygmy blue whale song was examined (August 2006), and 13 days were found to have songs which visually and quantitatively matched SEP2 songs from Northern Chilean Patagonia. The fundamental frequency of SEP2 song off SG, however, was not in line with the
Published: 2022

36. A multi-model CMIP6-PMIP4 study of Arctic sea ice at 127 ka: sea ice data compilation and model differences

Author: M. Kageyama, L. C. Sime, M. Sicard, M.-V. Guarino, A. de Vernal, R. Stein, D. Schroeder, I. Malmierca-Vallet, A. Abe-Ouchi, C. Bitz, P. Braconnot, E. C. Brady, J. Cao, M. A. Chamberlain, D. Feltham, C. Guo, A. N. LeGrande, G. Lohmann, K. J. Meissner, L. Menviel, P. Morozova, K. H. Nisancioglu, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, R. O'ishi, S. Ramos Buarque, D. Salas y Melia, S. Sherriff-Tadano, J. Stroeve, X. Shi, B. Sun, R. A. Tomas, E. Volodin, N. K. H. Yeung, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhang, W. Zheng, T. Ziehn, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Sea ice, Cryosphere, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sea ice concentration, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Coupled model intercomparison project, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleontology, Arctic ice pack, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, Interglacial, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Climate model, Geology
Abstract: The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, which results in strong changes in the terrestrial and marine cryosphere. Understanding the mechanisms for this response via climate modelling and comparing the models' representation of climate reconstructions is one of the objectives set up by the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project for its contribution to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Here we analyse the results from 16 climate models in terms of Arctic sea ice. The multi-model mean reduction in minimum sea ice area from the pre industrial period (PI) to the LIG reaches 50 % (multi-model mean LIG area is 3.20×106 km2, compared to 6.46×106 km2 for the PI). On the other hand, there is little change for the maximum sea ice area (which is 15–16×106 km2 for both the PI and the LIG. To evaluate the model results we synthesise LIG sea ice data from marine cores collected in the Arctic Ocean, Nordic Seas and northern North Atlantic. The reconstructions for the northern North Atlantic show year-round ice-free conditions, and most models yield results in agreement with these reconstructions. Model–data disagreement appear for the sites in the Nordic Seas close to Greenland and at the edge of the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost site with good chronology, for which a sea ice concentration larger than 75 % is reconstructed even in summer, discriminates those models which simulate too little sea ice. However, the remaining models appear to simulate too much sea ice over the two sites south of the northernmost one, for which the reconstructed sea ice cover is seasonal. Hence models either underestimate or overestimate sea ice cover for the LIG, and their bias does not appear to be related to their bias for the pre-industrial period. Drivers for the inter-model differences are different phasing of the up and down short-wave anomalies over the Arctic Ocean, which are associated with differences in model albedo; possible cloud property differences, in terms of optical depth; and LIG ocean circulation changes which occur for some, but not all, LIG simulations. Finally, we note that inter-comparisons between the LIG simulations and simulations for future climate with moderate (1 % yr−1) CO2 increase show a relationship between LIG sea ice and sea ice simulated under CO2 increase around the years of doubling CO2. The LIG may therefore yield insight into likely 21st century Arctic sea ice changes using these LIG simulations.
Published: 2021

37. One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica

Author: George R. Hoffmann, Silvia Becagli, Jean Jouzel, Oleg Rybak, Philippe Huybrechts, M. Kaczmarska, Astrid Lambrecht, Felix Fundel, L. Loulergue, K. Weiler, E. Castellano, Hutterli, Fernando Valero-Delgado, Mika Kohno, Fabrice Lambert, Roberto Udisti, Gunther Lawer, Elisabeth Isaksson, Hubertus Fischer, J. R. Petit, Valter Maggi, J. Beer, Heinrich Miller, Markus Leuenberger, Claude F. Boutron, M.-L. Siggaard-Andersen, Anna Wegner, Torbjörn Karlin, Thomas Blunier, Wolfgang Graf, Ilka Hamann, Patrik R Kaufmann, Margareta Hansson, Andreas Frenzel, J. M. Barnola, H. Oerter, Vania Gaspari, Urs Federer, Hanno Meyer, Sigfus J Johnsen, Robert Mulvaney, Biancamaria Narcisi, Jean-Louis Tison, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Johannes Oerlemans, Mirko Severi, Eric W. Wolff, Grant M. Raisbeck, Olivier Cattani, U. Ruth, Diedrich Fritzsche, D. Grigoriev, Geneviève C Littot, Paolo Gabrielli, Rita Traversi, Dietmar Wagenbach, Urs Siegenthaler, Regine Röthlisberger, M. R. van den Broeke, D. Dick, Barbara Delmonte, Johannes Freitag, Frank Wilhelms, F. Marino, Jan-Gunnar Winther, Maxime Debret, Renato Spahni, S. Falourd, Jakob Schwander, Barbara Stenni, S. Kipfstuhl, Dieter Lüthi, Jérôme Chappellaz, Dominique Raynaud, Thomas F. Stocker, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, M. Bigler, Frédéric Parrenin, Carlo Barbante, Rainer Gersonde, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Amaelle Landais, R. S. W. van de Wal, Jochen Schmitt, Sérgio H. Faria, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry, University of Florence (UNIFI), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Milano-Bicocca, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit (GSF), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Departement Geografie, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Norwegian Polar Institute, Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Barbante, C., Barnola, J. M., Becagli, S., Beer, J., Bigler, M., Boutron, C., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Cattani, O., Chappellaz, J., Dahl Jensen, D., Debret, M., Delmonte, B., Dick, D., Falourd, S., Faria, S., Federer, U., Fischer, H., Freitag, J., Frenzel, A., Fritzsche, D., Fundel, F., Gabrielli, P., Gaspari, V., Gersonde, R., Graf, W., Grigoriev, D., Hamann, I, Hansson, M., Hoffmann, G., Hutterli, M. A., Huybrechts, P., Isaksson, E., Johnsen, S., Jouzel, J., Kaczmarska, M., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Kipfstuhl, S., Kohno, M., Lambert, F., Lambrecht, A., Landais, A., Lawer, G., Leuenberger, M., Littot, G., Loulergue, L., Lüthi, D., Maggi, V., Marino, F., Masson Delmotte, V., Meyer, H., Miller, H., Mulvaney, R., Narcisi, B., Oerlemans, J., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Petit, J. R., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Rybak, O., Severi, M., Schmitt, J., Schwander, J., Siegenthaler, U., Siggaard Andersen, M. L., Spahni, R., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, Barbara, Stocker, T. F., Tison, J. L., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Valero Delgado, F., van den Broeke, M. R., van de Wal R. S., W, Wagenbach, D., Wegner, A., Weiler, K., Wilhelms, F., Winther, J. G., Wolff, E., Barbante, C, Barnola, J, Becagli, S, Beer, J, Bigler, M, Boutron, C, Blunier, T, Castellano, E, Cattani, O, Chappellaz, J, Dahl Jensen, D, Debret, M, Delmonte, B, Dick, D, Falourd, S, Faria, S, Federer, U, Fischer, H, Freitag, J, Frenzel, A, Fritzsche, D, Fundel, F, Gabrielli, P, Gaspari, V, Gersonde, R, Graf, W, Grigoriev, D, Hansson, M, Hoffmann, G, Hutterli, M, Huybrechts, P, Isaksson, E, Johnsen, S, Jouzel, J, Kaczmarska, M, Karlin, T, Kaufmann, P, Kipfstuhl, S, Kohno, M, Lambert, F, Lambrecht, A, Landais, A, Lawer, G, Leuenberger, M, Littot, G, Loulergue, L, Luthi, D, Maggi, V, Marino, F, Masson Delmotte, V, Meyer, H, Miller, H, Mulvaney, R, Narcisi, B, Oerlemans, J, Oerter, H, Parrenin, F, Petit, J, Raisbeck, G, Raynaud, D, Rothlisberger, R, Ruth, U, Rybak, O, Severi, M, Schmitt, J, Schwander, J, Siegenthaler, U, Siggaard Andersen, M, Spahni, R, Steffensen, J, Stenni, B, Stocker, T, Tison, J, Traversi, R, Udisti, R, Valero Delgado, F, van den Broeke, M, van de Wal, R, Wagenbach, D, Wegner, A, Weiler, K, Wilhelms, F, Winther, J, Wolff, E, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Niels Bohr Institute ( NBI ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Florence, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology ( EAWAG ), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern], University of Bern, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit ( GSF ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] ( ENEA ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht ( IMAU ), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse ( CSNSM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Geological Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], University of Trieste, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), and Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] ( IUP )
Subjects: Glacial climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meridional overturning circulation, Greenland, ice cores, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, Ice core, Northern and Southern hemispheres, methane, Antarctica, EPICA, Dansgaard–Oeschger events, Dansgaard–Oeschger event, Ice core studies, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, article, Future sea level, Water waves, Oceanography, climate change, priority journal, Climate state, [ SDU.STU.GL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, temperature effect, Ice cap climate, glacial environment, oceanic circulation, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, isotope, climate, Northern and Southern hemisphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Temperature measurement, Glacial geology, climate variation, Ice-sheet model, Oxygen, 13. Climate action, ice core record, Abrupt climate change, Environmental science, Ice sheet, ice core
Abstract: International audience; Precise knowledge of the phase relationship between climate changes in the two hemispheres is a key for understanding the Earth's climate dynamics. For the last glacial period, ice core studies1, 2 have revealed strong coupling of the largest millennial-scale warm events in Antarctica with the longest Dansgaard–Oeschger events in Greenland3, 4, 5 through the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation6, 7, 8. It has been unclear, however, whether the shorter Dansgaard–Oeschger events have counterparts in the shorter and less prominent Antarctic temperature variations, and whether these events are linked by the same mechanism. Here we present a glacial climate record derived from an ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, which represents South Atlantic climate at a resolution comparable with the Greenland ice core records. After methane synchronization with an ice core from North Greenland9, the oxygen isotope record from the Dronning Maud Land ice core shows a one-to-one coupling between all Antarctic warm events and Greenland Dansgaard–Oeschger events by the bipolar seesaw6. The amplitude of the Antarctic warm events is found to be linearly dependent on the duration of the concurrent stadial in the North, suggesting that they all result from a similar reduction in the meridional overturning circulation.
Published: 2006

38. Sea-level rise: from global perspectives to local services

Author: Durand, Gaël, van den Broeke, Michiel R., Le Cozannet, Goneri, Edwards, Tamsin L., Holland, Paul R., Jourdain, Nicolas C., Marzeion, Ben, Mottram, Ruth, Nicholls, Robert J., Pattyn, Frank, Paul, Frank, Slangen, Aimée B.A., Winkelmann, Ricarda, Burgard, Clara, van Calcar, Caroline J., Barré, Jean Baptiste, Bataille, Amélie, Chapuis, Anne, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES CNRS IRD GRENOBLE INP UMR IGE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), King‘s College London, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Bremen, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), University of Zurich, and Durand, Gaël
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, 1104 Aquatic Science, Science, Greenland, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 2301 Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Ocean Engineering, QH1-199.5, sea-level rise, Aquatic Science, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Oceanography, local impact, 10122 Institute of Geography, 2312 Water Science and Technology, 1910 Oceanography, glaciers, Antarctic, 910 Geography & travel, 2212 Ocean Engineering, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Coastal areas are highly diverse, ecologically rich, regions of key socio-economic activity, and are particularly sensitive to sea- level change. Over most of the 20th century, global mean sea level has risen mainly due to warming and subsequent expansion of the upper ocean layers and the melting of glaciers and ice caps. Over the last three decades, increased mass loss of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has also started to contribute significantly to contemporary sea-level rise. The future mass loss of these ice sheets, which combined represent a sea-level rise potential of ~65 m, constitutes the main source of uncertainty in long-term (centennial to millennial) sea-level rise projections. Improved knowledge of the magnitude and rate of future sea-level change is therefore of utmost importance. Moreover, sea level does not change uniformly across the globe, and can differ greatly at both regional and local scales. The most appropriate and feasible sea level mitigation and adaptation measures in coastal regions strongly depend on local land use and associated risk aversion. Here, we advocate that addressing the problem of future sea-level rise and its impacts requires (i) bringing together a transdisciplinary scientific community, from climate and cryospheric scientists to coastal impact specialists, and (ii) interacting closely and iteratively with users and local stakeholders to co-design and co-build coastal climate services, including addressing the high-end risks. Following these principles, as also adopted in the EU project “Projecting sea-level rise: from projections to local implications” (PROTECT), we encourage the formation of research consortia that cover the entire knowledge chain. In this way global sea-level science can be linked to effective coastal climate services at the scale of risk and adaptation
Published: 2022

39. Positive selection over the mitochondrial genome and its role in the diversification of gentoo penguins in response to adaptation in isolation

Author: Noll, D., Leon, F., Brandt, D., Pistorius, P., Le Bohec, Céline, Bonadonna, F., Trathan P., N., Barbosa, A., Raya Rey, A., Dantas G. P., M., Bowie R. C., K., Poulin, E., Vianna J., A., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of South Carolina [Columbia], DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie comportementale (EC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e islas del Atlántico Sur (UNTDF), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Phylogeography, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome, Mitochondrial, Animals, Antarctic Regions, DNA, Mitochondrial, Spheniscidae, Phylogeny
Abstract: Although mitochondrial DNA has been widely used in phylogeography, evidence has emerged that factors such as climate, food availability, and environmental pressures that produce high levels of stress can exert a strong influence on mitochondrial genomes, to the point of promoting the persistence of certain genotypes in order to compensate for the metabolic requirements of the local environment. As recently discovered, the gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) comprise four highly divergent lineages across their distribution spanning the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. Gentoo penguins therefore represent a suitable animal model to study adaptive processes across divergent environments. Based on 62 mitogenomes that we obtained from nine locations spanning all four gentoo penguin lineages, we demonstrated lineage-specific nucleotide substitutions for various genes, but only lineage-specific amino acid replacements for the ND1 and ND5 protein-coding genes. Purifying selection (dN/dS 1) was mostly present in codons of the Complex I (NADH genes), supported by two different codon-based methods at the ND1 and ND4 in the most divergent lineages, the eastern gentoo penguin from Crozet and Marion Islands and the southern gentoo penguin from Antarctica respectively. Additionally, ND5 and ATP6 were under selection in the branches of the phylogeny involving all gentoo penguins except the eastern lineage. Our study suggests that local adaptation of gentoo penguins has emerged as a response to environmental variability promoting the fixation of mitochondrial haplotypes in a non-random manner. Mitogenome adaptation is thus likely to have been associated with gentoo penguin diversification across the Southern Ocean and to have promoted their survival in extreme environments such as Antarctica. Such selective processes on the mitochondrial genome may also be responsible for the discordance detected between nuclear- and mitochondrial-based phylogenies of gentoo penguin lineages., Financial support for this study was provided by Beca ANID Doctorado Nacional (Folio: 21171214), Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE) ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN2021_002, Inach RT_12-14, Fondecyt 1150517, PIA ACT172065 GAB, Center of genome regulation (CRG) ANID/FONDAP/15200002, the CNPq (431463/2016-6) and the PROANTAR, IPEV programs 137 ANTAVIA-ECOPHY and 354 ETHOTAAF and by the Spanish Research Agency (CGL2004-01348, CGL2007-60369, POL2006-06635 and CTM2015-64720-R).
Published: 2022

40. Exploring intraspecific variation in migratory destinations to investigate the drivers of migration

Author: Marius Somveille, Andrea Manica, Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Department of Zoology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), BirdLife International, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, niche tracking, Resource (biology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Niche, Bird migration, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Destinations, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, resource surplus, Geography, Variation (linguistics), Species level, Seasonal breeder, North American passerines, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, bird migration, ringing/recovery data, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Various benefits (e.g. tracking of resources and of climate niche) and costs (e.g. distance travelled) are hypothesized to drive seasonal animal migrations. Until now, these potential factors have been investigated together at the species level, but migratory movements are made at the individual level, leading to intraspecific variability. Here, we use ringing/recovery data from 1308 individuals belonging to thirteen North American bird species to analyse patterns in intraspecific variability of migratory destinations in order to investigate which factors underpin bird migration and how individuals trade‐off among multiple factors. Our results suggest that migratory destinations have been shaped by access to resources (most important during the breeding season) and climatic niche tracking (during winter, mostly). However, the benefits of resource surpluses and climate niche tracking appear to be traded off against the cost of migratory distance, which seems to strongly constrain where individuals migrate.
Published: 2020

41. Taxonomy 2.0: computer-aided identification tools to assist Antarctic biologists in the field and in the laboratory

Author: Narissa Bax, Thomas Saucède, Borja Mercado, Marc Eléaume, Rachel Downey, Quentin Jossart, Camille Moreau, Cyril Gallut, Régine Vignes-Lebbe, Chester J. Sands, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (LBM), Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Evolution des espèces, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Database, Knowledge base, Biodiversity conservation, Océanographie physique et chimique, 14. Life underwater, Géologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Xper3, Taxonomic key, Ecologie, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Odontasteridae, Information technology, Geology, Field guides, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Data science, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Management system, Computer-aided, business, Software
Abstract: Species inventories are essential to the implementation of conservation policies to mitigate biodiversity loss and maintain ecosystem services and their value to the society. This is particularly topical with respect to climate change and direct anthropogenic effects on Antarctic biodiversity, with the identification of the most at-risk taxa and geographical areas becoming a priority. Identification tools are often neglected and considered helpful only for taxonomists. However, the development of new online information technologies and computer-aided identification tools provides an opportunity to promote them to a wider audience, especially considering the emerging generation of scientists who apply an integrative approach to taxonomy. This paper aims to clarify essential concepts and provide convenient and accessible tools, tips and suggested systems to use and develop knowledge bases (KBs). The software Xper3 was selected as an example of a user-friendly KB management system to give a general overview of existing tools and functionalities through two applications: the 'Antarctic Echinoids' and 'Odontasteridae Southern Ocean (Asteroids)' KBs. We highlight the advantages provided by KBs over more classical tools, and future potential uses are highlighted, including the production of field guides to aid in the compilation of species inventories for biodiversity conservation purposes., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

42. Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird

Author: Pierre A. Pistorius, Jasmine K. H. Sidhu, Philip N. Trathan, Gemma V. Clucas, Adrian Smith, Andrés Barbosa, Francesco Bonnadonna, Michael J. Polito, Charles A. Bost, Andrea Raya Rey, Steven R. Fiddaman, Gary Miller, Céline Le Bohec, Juliana A. Vianna, Richard A. Phillips, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Sarah Crofts, Tom Hart, Daly Noll, Hila Levy, Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research [UK], University of Oxford [Oxford], Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente [Chile], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future and Cornell Lab of Ornithology [USA], Cornell University, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Falklands Conservation, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Department of Zoology [Oxford], Cornell University [New York], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), University of Oxford, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, Gentoo penguin, POSITIVE SELECTION, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sentinel species, pathogen-mediated selection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, positive selection, Genetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Selection, Genetic, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Molecular Biology, Antarctica and Southern Ocean, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Discoveries, 030304 developmental biology, Abiotic component, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS, 0303 health sciences, Innate immune system, biology, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Host (biology), GENTOO PENGUIN, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Toll-Like Receptors, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, Spheniscidae, PATHOGEN-MEDIATED SELECTION, ANTARCTICA AND SOUTHERN OCEAN, immunogenetics, Phylogeography, Evolutionary biology, IMMUNOGENETICS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pygoscelis papua, Flagellin
Abstract: Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between different clades. In this study, we examine the diversity in a key family of innate immune genes-the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-across the range of the Gentoo penguin. The three TLRs that we investigated present varying levels of diversity, with TLR4 and TLR5 greatly exceeding the diversity of TLR7. We present evidence of positive selection in TLR4 and TLR5, which points to pathogen-driven adaptation to the local pathogen milieu. Finally, we demonstrate that two positively selected cosegregating sites in TLR5 are sufficient to alter the responsiveness of the receptor to its bacterial ligand, flagellin. Taken together, these results suggest that Gentoo penguins have experienced distinct pathogen-driven selection pressures in different environments, which may be important given the role of the Gentoo penguin as a sentinel species in some of the world's most rapidly changing environments., The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (Grant No. BB/M011224/1) for S.R.F. Sample collection was funded in part by CONICYT PIA ACT172065 GAB and Spanish Ministry of Science projects CGL2007-60369 and CTM2015-64720.
Published: 2020

43. Variation among species and populations in bill shape and size in three planktivorous petrels

Author: Maria I. Laranjeiro, Marc Farré, Richard A. Phillips, Petra Quillfeldt, Francesco Bonadonna, Charlene Gémard, Maximiliano Daigre, Cristián G. Suazo, Christophe Barbraud, Joan Navarro, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), German Research Foundation, Institut Polaire Français, Armada de Chile, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Seabirds, Geometric morphometrics, Niche differentiation, Ecology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Character displacement, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic Science, Bill morphology, Ecological segregation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: 12 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-04014-7.-- Availability of data: All data are included into the manuscript supplement, Morphological variation in biological structures may be driven by genetic and environmental factors, such as inter- and intraspecific competition for resources. In seabirds, although the bill is also involved in vocalization, olfaction, sexual selection and defence, the main drivers of high morphological plasticity in bill size and shape appear to relate primarily to diet and thus to niche differentiation. Here, we combined geometric morphometrics and comparisons of linear measurements as a precise tool for measuring shape variation in anatomical features, to investigate the differences among species and populations (island groups) in bill shape of three planktivorous petrels (Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata, blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri). Fieldwork was carried out in South Georgia (54° 0′ S, 38° 3′ W), Falkland (51° 42′ S, 57° 51′ W), Diego Ramírez (56° 31′ S, 68° 44′ W) and Kerguelen (49° 20′ S, 69° 20′ E) Islands, from 2010 to 2021. Results show that the bills of Antarctic prions were more robust and shorter, appropriate for filtering large amounts of small prey. Blue petrels and thin-billed prions had narrower and longer bills, effective for catching and tearing large single prey. Also, Antarctic prions and blue petrels from Kerguelen had longer and narrower bills than conspecifics from other colonies, which could potentially be explained by geographic variation in diet. In conclusion, prey availability and diversity appear to be important factors influencing variation in bill morphology. This study highlights the utility of geometric morphometrics for investigating bill shape variation in seabirds. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better understand selective pressures leading to morphological variation of biological structures, MIL was funded with an Erasmus+ internship of the European Union. MF was supported by the project CLIFISH (CTM2015-66400-C3-3-R, MINECO/FEDER) co-funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish government and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). JN was supported by the Spanish National Program Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2015-17809). JN was funded with the Collaborative Gearing Scheme of the NERC Antarctic Funding Initiative. PQ was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of the priority programme SPP1154 “Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas”. Kerguelen data were supported by the French Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor (IPEV, program no. 354 to FB). Work on Diego Ramírez Islands was supported by Armada de Chile (Chilean Navy, 3rd Naval Zone), With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2022

44. Independent evolution of intermediate bill widths in a seabird clade

Author: Juan F. Masello, Peter G. Ryan, Lara D. Shepherd, Petra Quillfeldt, Yves Cherel, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Rachael Alderman, Luciano Calderón, Theresa L. Cole, Richard J. Cuthbert, Ben J. Dilley, Melanie Massaro, Colin M. Miskelly, Joan Navarro, Richard A. Phillips, Henri Weimerskirch, Yoshan Moodley, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Primary Industries, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, School of Environmental Sciences and Institute for Land, Water and Society [Albury, Australia], Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC [Barcelona, Spain], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology [South Africa] (University of Venda), University of Venda, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), German Research Foundation, Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa), and Royal Society of New Zealand
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gene Flow, Antarctic Regions, MacGillivray’s prion, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Indian Ocean Islands, Pachyptila, Genetics, Procellariidae, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Phylogeny, health care economics and organizations, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Gough Island, Beak, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, Phenotype, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hybridization, Genetic, Original Article, Convergent evolution, Procellariiformes
Abstract: 16 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01845-3.-- Availability of data and material: DNA sequences: GenBank accession numbers are provided in Table 1. All data are available in the manuscript or in the Supplementary information file, Interspecific introgression can occur between species that evolve rapidly within an adaptive radiation. Pachyptila petrels differ in bill size and are characterised by incomplete reproductive isolation, leading to interspecific gene flow. Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini), whose bill width is intermediate between broad-billed (P. vittata) and Antarctic (P. desolata) prions, evolved through homoploid hybrid speciation. MacGillivray’s prion (P. macgillivrayi), known from a single population on St Paul (Indian Ocean), has a bill width intermediate between salvini and vittata and could also be the product of interspecies introgression or hybrid speciation. Recently, another prion population phenotypically similar to macgillivrayi was discovered on Gough (Atlantic Ocean), where it breeds 3 months later than vittata. The similarity in bill width between the medium-billed birds on Gough and macgillivrayi suggest that they could be closely related. In this study, we used genetic and morphological data to infer the phylogenetic position and evolutionary history of P. macgillivrayi and the Gough medium-billed prion relative other Pachyptila taxa, to determine whether species with medium bill widths evolved through common ancestry or convergence. We found that Gough medium-billed prions belong to the same evolutionary lineage as macgillivrayi, representing a new population of MacGillivray’s prion that originated through a colonisation event from St Paul. We show that macgillivrayi’s medium bill width evolved through divergence (genetic drift) and independently from that of salvini, which evolved through hybridisation (gene flow). This represents the independent convergence towards a similarly medium-billed phenotype. The newly discovered MacGillivray’s prion population on Gough is of utmost conservation relevance, as the relict macgillivrayi population in the Indian Ocean is very small, Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. PQ, JFM, TLC and LC were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), Heisenberg program (grant number DFG, Qu 148-5 to P.Q.). Logistical and financial support was obtained from the South African Department of Environmental Affairs, through the South African National Antarctic Programme. LDS was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2022

45. North Atlantic warming over six decades drives decreases in krill abundance with no associated range shift

Author: Martin Edwards, Geraint A. Tarling, Angus Atkinson, Michael T. Burrows, Eric Goberville, Alistair Lindley, Pierre Hélaouët, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Krill, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), QH301-705.5, Biogeography, Climate Change, Population Dynamics, Medicine (miscellaneous), Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Latitude, Abundance (ecology), Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biology (General), Continuous Plankton Recorder, Atlantic Ocean, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Arctic Regions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate-change ecology, Fishes, Temperature, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Euphausiacea
Abstract: In the North Atlantic, euphausiids (krill) form a major link between primary production and predators including commercially exploited fish. This basin is warming very rapidly, with species expected to shift northwards following their thermal tolerances. Here we show, however, that there has been a 50% decline in surface krill abundance over the last 60 years that occurred in situ, with no associated range shift. While we relate these changes to the warming climate, our study is the first to document an in situ squeeze on living space within this system. The warmer isotherms are shifting measurably northwards but cooler isotherms have remained relatively static, stalled by the subpolar fronts in the NW Atlantic. Consequently the two temperatures defining the core of krill distribution (7–13 °C) were 8° of latitude apart 60 years ago but are presently only 4° apart. Over the 60 year period the core latitudinal distribution of euphausiids has remained relatively stable so a ‘habitat squeeze’, with loss of 4° of latitude in living space, could explain the decline in krill. This highlights that, as the temperature warms, not all species can track isotherms and shift northward at the same rate with both losers and winners emerging under the ‘Atlantification’ of the sub-Arctic., Martin Edwards et al. use data spanning from 1958–2017 from the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey of the North Atlantic Ocean to examine krill distribution and abundance in conjunction with sea surface temperatures and show a 50% decline in surface krill abundance with no associated range shift. These data show that where the northern and southern distributions were previously separated by 8° of latitude, they are now separated by 4°, indicating a warming-induced range constriction.
Published: 2021

46. Biogeochemical cycles and aerosols over the last million years

Author: Bouttes, Nathaëlle, Bopp, Laurent, Albani, Samuel, Ramstein, Gilles, Vadsaria, Tristan, Capron, Emilie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Ramstein G., Landais A., Bouttes N., Sepulchre P., Govin A., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The biogeochemical cycles encompass the exchange of chemical elements between reservoirs such as the atmosphere, ocean, land and lithosphere. Those exchanges involve biological, geological and chemical processes, hence the term “biogeochemical cycles”.
Published: 2021

47. Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic

Author: Annette L. Fayet, Geir Helge Systad, William A. Montevecchi, Richard A. Phillips, Jeremy Madeiros, Thierry Boulinier, Hólmfríður Arnardóttir, Maria P. Dias, Anders Mosbech, Olivier Gilg, Hallvard Strøm, Janos C. Hennicke, Sarah Wanless, Morten Frederiksen, Ben Lascelles, Rob van Bemmelen, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Carolina Hazin, Nicholas Per Huffeldt, Bergur Olsen, Johannes Krietsch, Marta Cruz-Flores, Robert T. Barrett, Ellen Magnusdottir, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Manuel Biscoito, Niels Martin Schmidt, Tim Guilford, Yann Kolbeinsson, Paulo Catry, Ana Isabel Fagundes, Robert A. Ronconi, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Jaime A. Ramos, Johannes Lang, Tammy E. Davies, Michael P. Harris, Euan Dunn, Mark Jessopp, Raül Ramos, Vitor H. Paiva, Francis Zino, Loïc Bollache, José Pedro Granadeiro, Peter G. Ryan, Aevar Petersen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Flemming Merkel, Benoît Sittler, Hans-Ulrich Peter, Mark Newell, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Virginia Morera-Pujol, Paul M. Thompson, Francis Daunt, Børge Moe, Carsten Egevang, Ewan D. Wakefield, Jóhannis Danielsen, Jérôme Fort, April Hedd, Erpur Snær Hansen, Robert W. Furness, Ana P. B. Carneiro, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Ingvar A. Sigurðsson, Olivier Chastel, David Grémillet, Iván Ramírez, Harald Steen, Verónica C. Neves, Mark L. Mallory, Filipe R. Ceia, Jacob González-Solís, Bruna Campos, Marguerite Tarzia, Iain J. Stenhouse, Laura McFarlane Tranquilla, Teresa Militão, BirdLife International, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, EuroNatur Foundation, Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fuglavernd / BirdLife in Iceland, Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø (UiT), Funchal Natural History Museum, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Faroe Marine Research Institute, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology [Penicuik, U.K.], Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), National Institute of Water, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA) [Lisboa], University of Oxford [Oxford], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Veterinary Medicine, (Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (CESAM), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change [Mount Pearl], Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences [Ireland], University College Cork (UCC), Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre [Húsavík], Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Jena], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians & Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde, Denmark], Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Bermuda, Paget, Bermuda, Háskóli Íslands [Reykjavik, Iceland], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada, Acadia University, Birds Canada, Sackville, NB, Canada, Psychology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Lake Ecosystems Group [Lancaster, U.K.] (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Lancaster Environment Centre [Lancaster, U.K.], Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Jena, Germany, Independent Researcher, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Norwegian Polar Institute, Biodiversity Research Institute, Lighthouse Field Station, University of Aberdeen, Bureau Waardenburg, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology [Penicuik, UK], Freira Conservation Project, Funchal, Portugal, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), University of Oxford, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), and Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, marine protected area, SHEARWATERS, STOPOVER, Marine protected area, 01 natural sciences, Biologging conservation, Abundance (ecology), HABITAT, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, biology, Phenology, conservation, Area beyond national jurisdiction, OVERLAP, Hotspot (Wi-Fi), Geography, area beyond national jurisdiction, International waters, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Population data, Seabird, MIGRATION, CONSERVATION, QH1-199.5, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, FEEDING ECOLOGY, biologging, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, High seas, 14. Life underwater, PELAGIC SEABIRD, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, regional seas convention, Nature and Landscape Conservation, MOVEMENTS, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Pelagic zone, Regional seas convention, Fishery, Marine Sciences, high seas, Atlantic, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract: The conservation of migratory marine species, including pelagic seabirds, is challenging because their movements span vast distances frequently beyond national jurisdictions. Here, we aim to identify important aggregations of seabirds in the North Atlantic to inform ongoing regional conservation efforts. Using tracking, phenology, and population data, we mapped the abundance and diversity of 21 seabird species. This revealed a major hotspot associated with a discrete area of the subpolar frontal zone, used annually by 2.9–5 million seabirds from ≥56 colonies in the Atlantic: the first time this magnitude of seabird concentrations has been documented in the high seas. The hotspot is temporally stable and amenable to site-based conservation and is under consideration as a marine protected area by the OSPAR Commission. Protection could help mitigate current and future threats facing species in the area. Overall, our approach provides an exemplar data-driven pathway for future conservation efforts on the high seas. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021

48. Implementation and Impacts of Surface and Blowing Snow Sources of Arctic Bromine Activation Within WRF‐Chem 4.1.1

Author: Jennie L. Thomas, Louis Marelle, Foteini Baladima, Katie Tuite, Markus M. Frey, Aurélien Dommergue, Shaddy Ahmed, William R. Simpson, Jochen Stutz, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Geophysical Institute [Fairbanks], University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), This work also supported by the CNRS INSU LEFE-CHAT program under the grant Brom-Arc. We acknowledge support for William R. Simpson from the National Science Foundation grant ARC-1602716. This work was performed using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (Grant A007017141) and the IPSL mesoscale computing center (CICLAD: Calcul Intensif pour le CLi-mat, l'Atmosphère et la Dynamique). We thank the WRF-Chem development and support teams at NOAA, NCAR, and PNNL for their support and collaborations. We acknowledge NCAR ACOM for providing the WRF-Chem chemical boundary conditions used in this study. We acknowledge use of the WRF-Chem pre-processor tools provid-ed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Ob-servations and Modeling Lab (ACOM) of NCAR. We acknowledge the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Earth System Research Laboratories and the O-Buoy program for providing obser-vations used in this study., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: atmospheric chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceanography, Biogeosciences, Volcanic Effects, 01 natural sciences, Global Change from Geodesy, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, Volcanic Hazards and Risks, Constituent Sources and Sinks, Oceans, Sea Level Change, Disaster Risk Analysis and Assessment, Blowing snow, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, aerosol chemistry, Marine Pollution, Climate and Interannual Variability, Ozone depletion, Climate Impact, Earthquake Ground Motions and Engineering Seismology, Explosive Volcanism, Earth System Modeling, Atmospheric Processes, arctic ozone, Ocean Monitoring with Geodetic Techniques, Ocean/Atmosphere Interactions, Atmospheric, Regional Modeling, Atmospheric Effects, Physical geography, Volcanology, Megacities and Urban Environment, Hydrological Cycles and Budgets, Decadal Ocean Variability, Land/Atmosphere Interactions, food, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, Air/Sea Interactions, Numerical Modeling, Urban Systems, Solid Earth, Geological, Ocean/Earth/atmosphere/hydrosphere/cryosphere interactions, Water Cycles, Sea salt, Modeling, Aerosols and Particles, Avalanches, Volcano Seismology, Snow, Benefit‐cost Analysis, snow emissions, chemistry, Computational Geophysics, Regional Climate Change, Natural Hazards, Abrupt/Rapid Climate Change, Informatics, Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global, Surface Waves and Tides, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Volcano Monitoring, chemistry.chemical_compound, Seismology, Climatology, Radio Oceanography, Gravity and Isostasy, Marine Geology and Geophysics, Physical Modeling, GB3-5030, Oceanography: General, Pollution: Urban and Regional, Atmospheric chemistry, Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry, Cryosphere, Impacts of Global Change, Oceanography: Physical, Research Article, Risk, Ozone, food.ingredient, Oceanic, Theoretical Modeling, GC1-1581, Radio Science, Tsunamis and Storm Surges, Paleoceanography, Climate Dynamics, Sea ice, halogen chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Numerical Solutions, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Climate Change and Variability, Aerosols, geography, Effusive Volcanism, Climate Variability, General Circulation, Policy Sciences, Climate Impacts, Mud Volcanism, Air/Sea Constituent Fluxes, Mass Balance, Ocean influence of Earth rotation, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Volcano/Climate Interactions, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hydrology, Sea Level: Variations and Mean
Abstract: Elevated concentrations of atmospheric bromine are known to cause ozone depletion in the Arctic, which is most frequently observed during springtime. We implement a detailed description of bromine and chlorine chemistry within the WRF‐Chem 4.1.1 model, and two different descriptions of Arctic bromine activation: (1) heterogeneous chemistry on surface snow on sea ice, triggered by ozone deposition to snow (Toyota et al., 2011 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3949-2011), and (2) heterogeneous reactions on sea salt aerosols emitted through the sublimation of lofted blowing snow (Yang et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl034536). In both mechanisms, bromine activation is sustained by heterogeneous reactions on aerosols and surface snow. Simulations for spring 2012 covering the entire Arctic reproduce frequent and widespread ozone depletion events, and comparisons with observations of ozone show that these developments significantly improve model predictions during the Arctic spring. Simulations show that ozone depletion events can be initiated by both surface snow on sea ice, or by aerosols that originate from blowing snow. On a regional scale, in spring 2012, snow on sea ice dominates halogen activation and ozone depletion at the surface. During this period, blowing snow is a major source of Arctic sea salt aerosols but only triggers a few depletion events., Key Points Halogen activation and its role in Arctic surface ozone depletion events (ODEs) is modeled using WRF‐ChemTwo halogen activation mechanisms are implemented (1) surface snow and (2) blowing snowA spring 2012 case study indicates that both mechanisms can trigger near‐surface ODEs, but that surface snow dominates
Published: 2021

49. Ethane measurement by Picarro CRDS G2201-i in laboratory and field conditions: potential and limitations

Author: Sara M. Defratyka, Jean-Daniel Paris, Camille Yver-Kwok, Daniel Loeb, James France, Jon Helmore, Nigel Yarrow, Valérie Gros, Philippe Bousquet, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric ethane can be used as a tracer to distinguish methane sources, both at the local and global scale. Currently, ethane can be measured in the field using flasks or in situ analyzers. In our study, we characterized the CRDS Picarro G2201-i instrument, originally designed to measure isotopic CH4 and CO2, for measurements of ethane-to-methane ratio in mobile-measurement scenarios, near sources and under field conditions. We evaluated the limitations and potential of using the CRDS G2201-i to measure the ethane-to-methane ratio, thus extending the instrument application to simultaneously measure two methane source proxies in the field: carbon isotopic ratio and the ethane-to-methane ratio. First, laboratory tests were run to characterize the instrument in stationary conditions. Subsequently, the instrument performance was tested in field conditions as part of a controlled release experiment. Finally, the instrument was tested during mobile measurements focused on gas compressor stations. The results from the field were afterwards compared with the results obtained from instruments specifically designed for ethane measurements. Our study shows the potential of using the CRDS G2201-i instrument in a mobile configuration to determine the ethane-to-methane ratio in methane plumes under measurement conditions with an ethane uncertainty of 50 ppb. Assuming typical ethane-to-methane ratios ranging between 0 and 0.1 ppb ppb−1, we conclude that the instrument can accurately estimate the “true” ethane-to-methane ratio within 1σ uncertainty when CH4 enhancements are at least 1 ppm, as can be found in the vicinity of strongly emitting sites such as natural gas compressor stations and roadside gas pipeline leaks.
Published: 2021

50. Productivity and Change in Fish and Squid in the Southern Ocean

Author: Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Henrik Christiansen, Andrew J. Constable, Laura Ghigliotti, Rowan Trebilco, Cassandra M. Brooks, Cédric Cotte, Thomas Desvignes, Tracey Dornan, Christopher D. Jones, Philippe Koubbi, Ryan A. Saunders, Anneli Strobel, Marino Vacchi, Anton P. van de Putte, Andrea Walters, Claire M. Waluda, Briannyn L. Woods, José C. Xavier, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado [Boulder], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Oregon [Eugene], School of Biological Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (IFREMER BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-MAWSONI, TERRA-NOVA BAY, 01 natural sciences, LIFE-HISTORY CONNECTIVITY, QH540-549.5, education.field_of_study, Biomass (ecology), biology, Ecology, Fisheries and climate change, SPECIES NOTOTHENIA-ROSSII, climate change, DUMONT DURVILLE SEA, marine ecosystem assessment, PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH, SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, notothenioids, POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE, squid, Krill, Evolution, Population, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, fisheries, conservation management, myctophids, Antarctic, QH359-425, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Science & Technology, ICEFISH CHAENOCEPHALUS-ACERATUS, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, 13. Climate action, PLEURAGRAMMA-ANTARCTICUM PISCES, Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important and vulnerable to global drivers of change, yet they remain challenging to study. Fish and squid make up a significant portion of the biomass within the Southern Ocean, filling key roles in food webs from forage to mid-trophic species and top predators. They comprise a diverse array of species uniquely adapted to the extreme habitats of the region. Adaptations such as antifreeze glycoproteins, lipid-retention, extended larval phases, delayed senescence, and energy-conserving life strategies equip Antarctic fish and squid to withstand the dark winters and yearlong subzero temperatures experienced in much of the Southern Ocean. In addition to krill exploitation, the comparatively high commercial value of Antarctic fish, particularly the lucrative toothfish, drives fisheries interests, which has included illegal fishing. Uncertainty about the population dynamics of target species and ecosystem structure and function more broadly has necessitated a precautionary, ecosystem approach to managing these stocks and enabling the recovery of depleted species. Fisheries currently remain the major local driver of change in Southern Ocean fish productivity, but global climate change presents an even greater challenge to assessing future changes. Parts of the Southern Ocean are experiencing ocean-warming, such as the West Antarctic Peninsula, while other areas, such as the Ross Sea shelf, have undergone cooling in recent years. These trends are expected to result in a redistribution of species based on their tolerances to different temperature regimes. Climate variability may impair the migratory response of these species to environmental change, while imposing increased pressures on recruitment. Fisheries and climate change, coupled with related local and global drivers such as pollution and sea ice change, have the potential to produce synergistic impacts that compound the risks to Antarctic fish and squid species. The uncertainty surrounding how different species will respond to these challenges, given their varying life histories, environmental dependencies, and resiliencies, necessitates regular assessment to inform conservation and management decisions. Urgent attention is needed to determine whether the current management strategies are suitably precautionary to achieve conservation objectives in light of the impending changes to the ecosystem.
Published: 2021

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