4,232 results on '"Bristow, P."'
Search Results
2. Political Organisational Silence and the Ethics of Care: EU Migrant Restaurant Workers in Brexit Britain
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Reeves, Laura J. and Bristow, Alexandra
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- 2024
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3. Don't slip into binary thinking about AI
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Bristow, Thorin and Thorburn, Luke
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Computer Science - Computers and Society - Abstract
In discussions about the development and governance of AI, a false binary is often drawn between two groups: those most concerned about the existing, social impacts of AI, and those most concerned about possible future risks of powerful AI systems taking actions that don't align with human interests. In this piece, we (i) describe the emergence of this false binary, (ii) explain why the seemingly clean distinctions drawn between these two groups don't hold up under scrutiny and (iii) highlight efforts to bridge this divide., Comment: 19 pages
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- 2023
4. Multi-band description of the upper critical field of bulk FeSe
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Bristow, M., Gower, A., Prentice, J. C. A., Watson, M. D., Zajicek, Z., Blundell, S. J., Haghighirad, A. A., McCollam, A., and Coldea, A. I.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
The upper critical field of multi-band superconductors can be an essential quantity to unravel the nature of superconducting pairing and its interplay with the electronic structure. Here we experimentally map out the complete upper critical field phase diagram of FeSe for different magnetic field orientations at temperatures down to 0.3 K using both resistivity and torque measurements. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field reflects that of a multi-band superconductor and requires a two-band description in the clean limit with band coupling parameters favouring interband over intraband interactions. Despite the relatively small Maki parameter in FeSe of $\alpha \sim 1.6$, the multi-band description of the upper critical field is consistent with the stabilization of a FFLO state below $T/T_{\rm c}\sim 0.3$. We find that the anomalous behaviour of the upper critical field is linked to a departure from the single-band picture, and FeSe provides a clear example where multi-band effects and the strong anisotropy of the superconducting gap need to be taken into account., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures (manuscript and the supplemental materials
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- 2023
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5. Understanding Marsh Elevation and Accretion Processes and Vulnerability to Rising Sea Levels Across Climatic and Geomorphic Gradients in California, USA
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Thorne, Karen M., Bristow, McKenna L., Rankin, Lyndsay L., Kovalenko, Katya E., Neville, Justine A., Freeman, Chase M., and Guntenspergen, Glenn R.
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- 2024
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6. TAAR1 agonist ulotaront modulates striatal and hippocampal glutamate function in a state-dependent manner
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Yang, Sung M., Ghoshal, Ayan, Hubbard, Jeffrey M., Gackière, Florian, Teyssié, Romain, Neale, Stuart A., Hopkins, Seth C., Koblan, Kenneth S., Bristow, Linda J., and Dedic, Nina
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- 2024
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7. A Social Network Analysis of a Multi-sector Service System for Intimate Partner Violence in a Large US City
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Wang, Xi, Matone, Meredith, Garcia, Stephanie M., Kellom, Katherine S., Marshall, Deanna, Ugarte, Azucena, Nyachogo, Marcella, Bristow, Samia, and Cronholm, Peter F.
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- 2024
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8. Control-Oriented Modeling and Layer-to-Layer Spatial Control of Powder Bed Fusion Processes
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Wang, Xin, Park, Bumsoo, Landers, Robert G., Mishra, Sandipan, and Bristow, Douglas A.
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is an important Additive Manufacturing (AM) process that is seeing widespread utilization. However, due to inherent process variability, it is still very costly and time consuming to certify the process and the part. This has led researchers to conduct numerous studies in process modeling, in-situ monitoring and feedback control to better understand the PBF process and decrease variations, thereby making the process more repeatable. In this study, we develop a layer-to-layer, spatial, control-oriented thermal PBF model. This model enables a framework for capturing spatially-driven thermal effects and constructing layer-to-layer spatial controllers that do not suffer from inherent temporal delays. Further, this framework is amenable to voxel-level monitoring and characterization efforts. System output controllability is analyzed and output controllability conditions are determined. A spatial Iterative Learning Controller (ILC), constructed using the spatial modeling framework, is implemented in two experiments, one where the path and part geometry are layer-invariant and another where the path and part geometry change each layer. The results illustrate the ability of the controller to thermally regulate the entire part, even at corners that tend to overheat and even as the path and part geometry change each layer.
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- 2023
9. Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES$^+$
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Hahlin, A., Kochukhov, O., Rains, A. D., Lavail, A., Hatzes, A., Piskunov, N., Reiners, A., Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, L., Guenther, E. W., Heiter, U., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., and Stempels, E.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields for a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRES$^+$ at the VLT in the context of small-scale magnetic field studies. Our targets also had their magnetic fields studied in the optical, which allows us to compare magnetic field properties at different spatial scales on the stellar surface and to contrast small-scale magnetic field measurements at different wavelengths. We analyse the Zeeman broadening signature for six magnetically sensitive and insensitive \ion{Fe}{I} lines in the H-band to measure small-scale magnetic fields on the stellar surface. We use polarised radiative transfer modelling and NLTE departure coefficients in combination with MCMC to determine magnetic field characteristics together with non-magnetic stellar parameters. We use two different approaches to describe small-scale magnetic fields. The first is a two-component model with a single magnetic region and a free magnetic field strength. The second model contains multiple magnetic components with fixed magnetic field strengths. We find average magnetic field strengths ranging from $\sim 0.4$ kG down to $<0.1$ kG. The results align closely with other results from high resolution NIR spectrographs such as SPIRou. We find that the small-scale fields correlate with the large-scale fields and that the small-scale fields are at least 10 times stronger than the large-scale fields inferred with Zeeman Doppler imaging. The two- and multi-component models produce systematically different results as the strong fields from the multi-component model increase the obtained mean magnetic field strength. When comparing our results with the optical measurements of small-scale fields we find a systematic offset of 2--3 times stronger fields in the optical., Comment: 28 pages, 23 figures, accepted by A&A
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- 2023
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10. Differential Effects of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Insurance on Disease-Specific Survival in Rectal Cancer
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Del Rosario, Michael, Chang, Jenny, Ziogas, Argyrios, Clair, Kiran, Bristow, Robert E, Tanjasiri, Sora P, and Zell, Jason A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Neoplasm Staging ,Rectal Neoplasms ,Adenocarcinoma ,Insurance ,Social Class ,Health care disparities ,National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline adherence ,Rectal cancer ,Surgery ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundNational Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline adherence improves cancer outcomes. In rectal cancer, guideline adherence is distributed differently by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and insurance.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the independent effects of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and insurance status on rectal cancer survival after accounting for differences in guideline adherence.DesignThis was a retrospective study.SettingsThe study was conducted using the California Cancer Registry.PatientsThis study included patients aged 18 to 79 years diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2017, with follow-up through November 30, 2018. Investigators determined whether patients received guideline-adherent care.Main outcome measuresORs and 95% CIs were used for logistic regression to analyze patients receiving guideline-adherent care. Disease-specific survival analysis was calculated using Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 30,118 patients were examined. Factors associated with higher odds of guideline adherence included Asian and Hispanic race/ethnicity, managed care insurance, and high socioeconomic status. Asians (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88; p < 0.001) and Hispanics (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99; p = 0.0279) had better disease-specific survival in the nonadherent group. Race/ethnicity were not factors associated with disease-specific survival in the guideline adherent group. Medicaid disease-specific survival was worse in both the nonadherent group (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.40-1.73; p < 0.0001) and the guideline-adherent group (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30; p = 0.0005). Disease-specific survival of the lowest socioeconomic status was worse in both the nonadherent group (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.27-1.59) and the guideline-adherent group (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34).LimitationsLimitations included unmeasured confounders and the retrospective nature of the review.ConclusionsRace, socioeconomic status, and insurance are associated with guideline adherence in rectal cancer. Race/ethnicity was not associated with differences in disease-specific survival in the guideline-adherent group. Medicaid and lowest socioeconomic status had worse disease-specific survival in both the guideline nonadherent group and the guideline-adherent group. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B954 .Efectos diferenciales de la raza, el nivel socioeconmico cobertura sobre la supervivencia especfica de la enfermedad en el cncer de rectoANTECEDENTES: El cumplimiento de las guías de la National Comprehensive Cancer Network mejora los resultados del cáncer. En el cáncer de recto, el cumplimiento de las guías se distribuye de manera diferente según la raza/origen étnico, nivel socioeconómico y el cobertura médica.OBJETIVO: Determinar los efectos independientes de la raza/origen étnico, el nivel socioeconómico y el estado de cobertura médica en la supervivencia del cáncer de recto después de tener en cuenta las diferencias en el cumplimiento de las guías.DISEÑO: Este fue un estudio retrospectivo.ENTORNO CLINICO: El estudio se realizó utilizando el Registro de Cáncer de California.PACIENTES: Pacientes de 18 a 79 años diagnosticados con adenocarcinoma rectal entre el 1 de enero de 2004 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017 con seguimiento hasta el 30 de noviembre de 2018. Los investigadores determinaron si los pacientes recibieron atención siguiendo las guías.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO: Se utilizaron razones de probabilidad e intervalos de confianza del 95 % para la regresión logística para analizar a los pacientes que recibían atención con adherencia a las guías. El análisis de supervivencia específico de la enfermedad se calculó utilizando modelos de regresión de Cox.RESULTADOS: Se analizaron un total de 30.118 pacientes. Los factores asociados con mayores probabilidades de cumplimiento de las guías incluyeron raza/etnicidad asiática e hispana, seguro de atención administrada y nivel socioeconómico alto. Los asiáticos e hispanos tuvieron una mejor supervivencia específica de la enfermedad en el grupo no adherente HR 0,80 (95 % CI 0,72 - 0,88, p < 0,001) y HR 0,91 (95 % CI 0,83 - 0,99, p = 0,0279). La raza o el origen étnico no fueron factores asociados con la supervivencia específica de la enfermedad en el grupo que cumplió con las guías. La supervivencia específica de la enfermedad de Medicaid fue peor tanto en el grupo no adherente HR 1,56 (IC del 95 % 1,40 - 1,73, p < 0,0001) como en el grupo adherente a las guías HR 1,18 (IC del 95 % 1,08 - 1,30, p = 0,0005). La supervivencia específica de la enfermedad del nivel socioeconómico más bajo fue peor tanto en el grupo no adherente HR 1,42 (IC del 95 %: 1,27 a 1,59) como en el grupo adherente a las guías HR 1,20 (IC del 95 %: 1,08 a 1,34).LIMITACIONES: Las limitaciones incluyeron factores de confusión no medidos y la naturaleza retrospectiva de la revisión.CONCLUSIONES: La raza, el nivel socioeconómico y cobertura médica están asociados con la adherencia a las guías en el cáncer de recto. La raza/etnicidad no se asoció con diferencias en la supervivencia específica de la enfermedad en el grupo que cumplió con las guías. Medicaid y el nivel socioeconómico más bajo tuvieron peor supervivencia específica de la enfermedad tanto en el grupo que no cumplió con las guías como en los grupos que cumplieron. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B954 . (Traducción- Dr. Francisco M. Abarca-Rendon).
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- 2023
11. Fertility sparing treatment of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma in a DES-Naïve young woman.
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Chambers, Melissa Elizabeth, Bristow, Robert, and Tseng, Jill
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Early stage ,Fertility-sparing ,Surgery ,Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma ,Women’s health ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Health Services ,Reproductive health and childbirth - Abstract
BackgroundPrimary vaginal cancer is rare and comprises 1-2% of female genital tract cancers. Among the types of vaginal cancer, adenocarcinoma accounts for only 10% with the peak incidence in women less than 20 years old. Clear cell type vaginal adenocarcinoma is most associated with exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in-utero.CaseWe present a case of an 18-year-old nulliparous woman, DES-exposure naive, who was diagnosed with stage I clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma during a routine pelvic exam for abnormal vaginal bleeding. She underwent a fertility-preserving radical vaginectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with neovagina creation and uterovaginal cervical reconstruction. She has been without disease for 28 months.ConclusionAlthough rare, vaginal cancer can be diagnosed on routine women's health exams. Early screening and diagnosis allow for innovative fertility-preserving surgical approaches without compromising oncologic outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a fertility-preserving radical vaginectomy, neovagina creation using a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap, and uterocervicovaginal reconstruction to successfully treat early stage clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma with surgery alone, sparing the patient from adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation.
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- 2023
12. Correction: Characterising illness stages and recovery trajectories of eating disorders in young people via remote measurement technology (STORY): a multi-centre prospective cohort study protocol
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Kuehne, Carina, Phillips, Matthew D., Moody, Sarah, Bryson, Callum, Campbell, Iain C., Conde, Pauline, Cummins, Nicholas, Desrivières, Sylvane, Dineley, Judith, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Daire, Folarin, Amos, Gallop, Lucy, Hemmings, Amelia, İnce, Başak, Mason, Luke, Rashid, Zulqarnain, Bromell, Alice, Sims, Christopher, Allen, Karina, Bailie, Chantal, Bains, Parveen, Basher, Mike, Battisti, Francesca, Baudinet, Julian, Bristow, Katherine, Dawson, Nicola, Dodd, Lizzie, Frater, Victoria, Freudenthal, Robert, Gripton, Beth, Kan, Carol, Khor, Joel W. T., Kotze, Nicus, Laverack, Stuart, Martin, Lee, Maxwell, Sarah, McDonald, Sarah, McKnight, Delysia, McKay, Ruairidh, Merrin, Jessica, Nash, Mel, Nicholls, Dasha, Palmer, Shirlie, Pearce, Samantha, Roberts, Catherine, Serpell, Lucy, Severs, Emilia, Simic, Mima, Staton, Amelia, Westaway, Sian, Sharpe, Helen, and Schmidt, Ulrike
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- 2024
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13. Oral pimonidazole unveils clinicopathologic and epigenetic features of hypoxic tumour aggressiveness in localized prostate cancer
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Ci, Xinpei, Chen, Sujun, Zhu, Rui, Zarif, Mojgan, Jain, Rahi, Guo, Wangyuan, Ramotar, Matthew, Gong, Linsey, Xu, Wenjie, Singh, Olivia, Mansouri, Sheila, Zadeh, Gelareh, Wei, Gong-Hong, Xu, Wei, Bristow, Robert, Berlin, Alejandro, Koritzinsky, Marianne, van der Kwast, Theodorus, and He, Housheng Hansen
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- 2024
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14. Characterising illness stages and recovery trajectories of eating disorders in young people via remote measurement technology (STORY): a multi-centre prospective cohort study protocol
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Kuehne, Carina, Phillips, Matthew D., Moody, Sarah, Bryson, Callum, Campbell, Iain C., Conde, Pauline, Cummins, Nicholas, Desrivières, Sylvane, Dineley, Judith, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Daire, Folarin, Amos, Gallop, Lucy, Hemmings, Amelia, İnce, Başak, Mason, Luke, Rashid, Zulqarnain, Bromell, Alice, Sims, Christopher, Allen, Karina, Bailie, Chantal, Bains, Parveen, Basher, Mike, Battisti, Francesca, Baudinet, Julian, Bristow, Katherine, Dawson, Nicola, Dodd, Lizzie, Frater, Victoria, Freudenthal, Robert, Gripton, Beth, Kan, Carol, Khor, Joel W. T., Kotze, Nicus, Laverack, Stuart, Martin, Lee, Maxwell, Sarah, McDonald, Sarah, McKnight, Delysia, McKay, Ruairidh, Merrin, Jessica, Nash, Mel, Nicholls, Dasha, Palmer, Shirlie, Pearce, Samantha, Roberts, Catherine, Serpell, Lucy, Severs, Emilia, Simic, Mima, Staton, Amelia, Westaway, Sian, Sharpe, Helen, and Schmidt, Ulrike
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- 2024
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15. Structure and chronology of a star dune at Erg Chebbi, Morocco, reveals why star dunes are rarely recognised in the rock record
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Bristow, C. S. and Duller, G. A. T.
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- 2024
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16. Sublimed C60 for efficient and repeatable perovskite-based solar cells
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Said, Ahmed A., Aydin, Erkan, Ugur, Esma, Xu, Zhaojian, Deger, Caner, Vishal, Badri, Vlk, Aleš, Dally, Pia, Yildirim, Bumin K., Azmi, Randi, Liu, Jiang, Jackson, Edward A., Johnson, Holly M., Gui, Manting, Richter, Henning, Pininti, Anil R., Bristow, Helen, Babics, Maxime, Razzaq, Arsalan, Allen, Thomas G., Ledinský, Martin, Yavuz, Ilhan, Rand, Barry P., and De Wolf, Stefaan
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- 2024
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17. Impact of COVID-19 on patient experience of kidney care: a rapid review
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Mackintosh, Lucy, Ormandy, Paula, Busby, Amanda, Hawkins, Janine, Klare, Ranjit, Silver, Christina, Da Silva-Gane, Maria, Santhakumaran, Shalini, Bristow, Paul, Sharma, Shivani, Wellsted, David, Chilcot, Joseph, Sridharan, Sivakumar, Steenkamp, Retha, Harris, Tess, Muirhead, Susan, Lush, Vicky, Afuwape, Sarah, and Farrington, Ken
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- 2024
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18. Field evidence for the initiation of isolated aeolian sand patches
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Delorme, P., Nield, J. M., Wiggs, G. F. S., Baddock, M. C., Bristow, N. R., Best, J. L., Christensen, K. T., and Claudin, P.
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Physics - Geophysics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
Sand patches are one of the precursors to early-stage protodunes and occur widely in both desert and coastal aeolian environments. Here we show field evidence of a mechanism to explain the initiation of sand patches on non-erodible surfaces, such as desert gravels and moist beaches. Changes in sand transport dynamics, directly associated with the height of the saltation layer and variable transport law, observed at the boundary between non-erodible and erodible surfaces lead to sand deposition on the erodible surface. This explains how sand patches can form on surfaces with limited sand availability where linear stability of dune theory does not apply. This new mechanism is supported by field observations that evidence both the change in transport rate over different surfaces and in-situ patch formation that leads to modification of transport dynamics at the surface boundary.
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- 2023
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19. CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
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Yan, F., Nortmann, L., Reiners, A., Piskunov, N., Hatzes, A., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Lavail, A., Rains, A. D., Cont, D., Rengel, M., Lesjak, F., Nagel, E., Kochukhov, O., Czesla, S., Boldt-Christmas, L., Heiter, U., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., and Stempels, E.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (-2.2) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (-3.6) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (Veq ) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained Veq is 7.0 km/s for WASP-18b and 5.2 km/s for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2023
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20. CRIRES$^{+}$ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope
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Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, A., Accardo, M., Ancker, M. van den, Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, U., Hinterschuster, R., Hubin, N., Ives, D. J., Jung, Y., Jones, M., Kirchbauer, J-P., Klein, B., Kochukhov, O., Korhonen, H. H., Köhler, J., Lizon, J-L., Moins, C., Molina-Conde, I., Marquart, T., Neeser, M., Oliva, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Paufique, J., Piskunov, N., Reiners, A., Schneller, D., Schmutzer, R., Seemann, U., Slumstrup, D., Smette, A., Stegmeier, J., Stempels, E., Tordo, S., Valenti, E., Valenzuela, J. J., Vernet, J., Vinther, J., and Wehrhahn, A.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES$^{+}$ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 $\mu$m cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
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- 2023
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21. Atmospheric aerosol diagnostics with UAV-based holographic imaging and computer vision
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Bristow, Nathaniel R., Pardoe, Nikolas, and Hong, Jiarong
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
Emissions of particulate matter into the atmosphere are essential to characterize, in terms of properties such as particle size, morphology, and composition, to better understand impacts on public health and the climate. However, there is no currently available technology capable of measuring individual particles with such high detail over the extensive domains associated with events such as wildfires or volcanic eruptions. To solve this problem, we present an autonomous measurement system involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) coupled with a digital inline holographic microscope for in situ particle diagnostics. The flight control uses computer vision to localize and then trace the movements of particle-laden flows while sampling particles to determine their properties as they are transported away from their source. We demonstrate this system applied to measuring particulate matter in smoke plumes and discuss broader implications for this type of system in similar applications., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
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- 2023
22. Science Priorities for the Extraction of the Solid MSR Samples from their Sample Tubes
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Dauphas, N., Russell, S. S., Beaty, D., Thiessen, F., Barnes, J., Bonal, L., Bridges, J., Bristow, T., Eiler, J., Ferriere, L., Fornaro, T., Gattacceca, J., Hoffman, B., Javaux, E. J., Kleine, T., McSween, H. Y., Prasad, M., Rampe, L., Schmidt, M., Schoene, B., Siebach, K. L., Stern, J., and Tosca, N.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
Preservation of the chemical and structural integrity of samples that will be brought back from Mars is paramount to achieving the scientific objectives of MSR. Given our knowledge of the nature of the samples retrieved at Jezero by Perseverance, at least two options need to be tested for opening the sample tubes: (1) One or two radial cuts at the end of the tube to slide the sample out. (2) Two radial cuts at the ends of the tube and two longitudinal cuts to lift the upper half of the tube and access the sample. Strategy 1 will likely minimize contamination but incurs the risk of affecting the physical integrity of weakly consolidated samples. Strategy 2 will be optimal for preserving the physical integrity of the samples but increases the risk of contamination and mishandling of the sample as more manipulations and additional equipment will be needed. A flexible approach to opening the sample tubes is therefore required, and several options need to be available, depending on the nature of the rock samples returned. Both opening strategies 1 and 2 may need to be available when the samples are returned to handle different sample types (e.g., loosely bound sediments vs. indurated magmatic rocks). This question should be revisited after engineering tests are performed on analogue samples. The MSR sample tubes will have to be opened under stringent BSL4 conditions and this aspect needs to be integrated into the planning., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, report NASA-ESA Mars Rock Team Report
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- 2023
23. Oral pimonidazole unveils clinicopathologic and epigenetic features of hypoxic tumour aggressiveness in localized prostate cancer
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Xinpei Ci, Sujun Chen, Rui Zhu, Mojgan Zarif, Rahi Jain, Wangyuan Guo, Matthew Ramotar, Linsey Gong, Wenjie Xu, Olivia Singh, Sheila Mansouri, Gelareh Zadeh, Gong-Hong Wei, Wei Xu, Robert Bristow, Alejandro Berlin, Marianne Koritzinsky, Theodorus van der Kwast, and Housheng Hansen He
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Prostate Cancer ,Hypoxia ,DNA Methylation ,PIMO ,Biomarker ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tumor hypoxia is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Pimonidazole (PIMO) is an investigational hypoxia probe used in clinical trials. A better understanding of the clinical significance and molecular alterations underpinning PIMO-labeled tumor hypoxia is needed for future clinical application. Here, we investigated the clinical significance and molecular alterations underpinning PIMO-labeled tumor hypoxia in patients with localized PCa, in order to apply PIMO as a prognostic tool and to identify potential biomarkers for future clinical translation. Methods A total of 39 patients with localized PCa were recruited and administered oral PIMO before undergoing radical prostatectomy (RadP). Immunohistochemical staining for PIMO was performed on 37 prostatectomy specimens with staining patterns evaluated and clinical association analyzed. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed using laser-capture of microdissected specimen sections comparing PIMO positive and negative tumor areas. A hypoxia related methylation molecular signature was generated by integrating the differentially methylated regions with previously established RNA-seq datasets. Results Three PIMO staining patterns were distinguished: diffuse, focal, and comedo-like. The comedo-like staining pattern was more commonly associated with adverse pathology. PIMO-defined hypoxia intensity was positively correlated with advanced pathologic stage, tumor invasion, and cribriform and intraductal carcinoma morphology. The generated DNA methylation signature was found to be a robust hypoxia biomarker, which could risk-stratify PCa patients across multiple clinical datasets, as well as be applicable in other cancer types. Conclusions Oral PIMO unveiled clinicopathologic features of disease aggressiveness in localized PCa. The generated DNA methylation signature is a novel and robust hypoxia biomarker that has the potential for future clinical translation.
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- 2024
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24. Characterising illness stages and recovery trajectories of eating disorders in young people via remote measurement technology (STORY): a multi-centre prospective cohort study protocol
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Carina Kuehne, Matthew D. Phillips, Sarah Moody, Callum Bryson, Iain C. Campbell, Pauline Conde, Nicholas Cummins, Sylvane Desrivières, Judith Dineley, Richard Dobson, Daire Douglas, Amos Folarin, Lucy Gallop, Amelia Hemmings, Başak İnce, Luke Mason, Zulqarnain Rashid, Alice Bromell, Christopher Sims, Karina Allen, Chantal Bailie, Parveen Bains, Mike Basher, Francesca Battisti, Julian Baudinet, Katherine Bristow, Nicola Dawson, Lizzie Dodd, Victoria Frater, Robert Freudenthal, Beth Gripton, Carol Kan, Joel W. T. Khor, Nicus Kotze, Stuart Laverack, Lee Martin, Sarah Maxwell, Sarah McDonald, Delysia McKnight, Ruairidh McKay, Jessica Merrin, Mel Nash, Dasha Nicholls, Shirlie Palmer, Samantha Pearce, Catherine Roberts, Lucy Serpell, Emilia Severs, Mima Simic, Amelia Staton, Sian Westaway, Helen Sharpe, Ulrike Schmidt, EDIFY consortium, Heike Bartel, Tara French, Jonathan Kelly, Nadia Micali, Sneha Raman, Janet Treasure, Umairah Malik, Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte, Fiona Stephens, Tine Opitz, Nora Trompeter, Jessica Wilkins, Tamsin Parnell, Ruby Abbas, Grace Davis, Cameron Eadie, Lara Gracie, Beck Heslop, Katie McKenzie, Eniola Odubanjo, Chris Sims, Tallulah Street, Andreia Tavares-Semedo, Eleanor Wilkinson, and Lucy Zocek
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Eating disorders ,Recovery ,Progression ,Clinical staging ,Remote measurement technology ,Longitudinal monitoring ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Eating disorders (EDs) are serious, often chronic, conditions associated with pronounced morbidity, mortality, and dysfunction increasingly affecting young people worldwide. Illness progression, stages and recovery trajectories of EDs are still poorly characterised. The STORY study dynamically and longitudinally assesses young people with different EDs (restricting; bingeing/bulimic presentations) and illness durations (earlier; later stages) compared to healthy controls. Remote measurement technology (RMT) with active and passive sensing is used to advance understanding of the heterogeneity of earlier and more progressed clinical presentations and predictors of recovery or relapse. Methods STORY follows 720 young people aged 16–25 with EDs and 120 healthy controls for 12 months. Online self-report questionnaires regularly assess ED symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and socioeconomic environment. Additional ongoing monitoring using multi-parametric RMT via smartphones and wearable smart rings (‘Ōura ring’) unobtrusively measures individuals’ daily behaviour and physiology (e.g., Bluetooth connections, sleep, autonomic arousal). A subgroup of participants completes additional in-person cognitive and neuroimaging assessments at study-baseline and after 12 months. Discussion By leveraging these large-scale longitudinal data from participants across ED diagnoses and illness durations, the STORY study seeks to elucidate potential biopsychosocial predictors of outcome, their interplay with developmental and socioemotional changes, and barriers and facilitators of recovery. STORY holds the promise of providing actionable findings that can be translated into clinical practice by informing the development of both early intervention and personalised treatment that is tailored to illness stage and individual circumstances, ultimately disrupting the long-term burden of EDs on individuals and their families.
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- 2024
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25. Unearthing concealed caldera complexes through geophysical methods: the Cretaceous Bumbeni Complex, South Africa
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Hicks, N., Chirenje, E., Ncume, M., Hoyer, L., Bristow, J. W., Craill, C., and Barkhuizen, J.
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- 2024
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26. Multi-omic longitudinal study reveals immune correlates of clinical course among hospitalized COVID-19 patients
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Diray-Arce, Joann, Fourati, Slim, Jayavelu, Naresh Doni, Patel, Ravi, Maguire, Cole, Chang, Ana C, Dandekar, Ravi, Qi, Jingjing, Lee, Brian H, van Zalm, Patrick, Schroeder, Andrew, Chen, Ernie, Konstorum, Anna, Brito, Anderson, Gygi, Jeremy P, Kho, Alvin, Chen, Jing, Pawar, Shrikant, Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia, Hoch, Annmarie, Milliren, Carly E, Overton, James A, Westendorf, Kerstin, Network, IMPACC, Abraham, James, Adkisson, Michael, Albert, Marisa, Torres, Luz Altamirano, Alvarenga, Bonny, Anderson, Matthew L, Anderson, Evan J, Arnett, Azlann, Asashima, Hiromitsu, Atkinson, Mark A, Baden, Lindsey R, Barton, Brenda, Beach, Katherine, Beagle, Elizabeth, Becker, Patrice M, Bell, Matthew R, Bernui, Mariana, Bime, Chris, Kumar, Arun Boddapati, Booth, Leland J, Borresen, Brittney, Brakenridge, Scott C, Bristow, Laurel, Bryant, Robert, Calfee, Carolyn S, Manuel, Juan Carreño, Carrillo, Sidney, Chak, Suzanna, Chang, Iris, Connors, Jennifer, Conway, Michelle, Corry, David B, Cowan, David, Croen, Brett, Dela Cruz, Charles S, Cusimano, Gina, Eaker, Lily, Edwards, Carolyn, Ehrlich, Lauren IR, Elashoff, David, Erickson, Heidi, Erle, David J, Farhadian, Shelli, Farrugia, Keith, Fatou, Benoit, Fernandes, Andrea, Fernandez-Sesma, Ana, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Furukawa, Sara, Geltman, Janelle N, Ghale, Rajani, Bermúdez, Maria González Carolina, Goonewardene, Michael I, Sanchez, Estella Guerrero, Guirgis, Faheem W, Hafler, David A, Hamilton, Sydney, Harris, Paul, Nemati, Arash Hayati, Hendrickson, Carolyn M, Agudelo, Nelson I Higuita, Hodder, Thomas, Holland, Steven M, Hough, Catherine L, Huerta, Christopher, Hurley, Kerin C, Hutton, Scott R, Iwasaki, Akiko, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jha, Meenakshi, Johnson, Brandi, Joyner, David, Kangelaris, Kirsten N, Kelly, Geoffrey, Khalil, Zain, and Khan, Zenab
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Prevention ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Aetiology ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Longitudinal Studies ,Multiomics ,Disease Progression ,IMPACC Network ,immunophenotyping ,longitudinal modeling ,multi-omics ,systems immunology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
The IMPACC cohort, composed of >1,000 hospitalized COVID-19 participants, contains five illness trajectory groups (TGs) during acute infection (first 28 days), ranging from milder (TG1-3) to more severe disease course (TG4) and death (TG5). Here, we report deep immunophenotyping, profiling of >15,000 longitudinal blood and nasal samples from 540 participants of the IMPACC cohort, using 14 distinct assays. These unbiased analyses identify cellular and molecular signatures present within 72 h of hospital admission that distinguish moderate from severe and fatal COVID-19 disease. Importantly, cellular and molecular states also distinguish participants with more severe disease that recover or stabilize within 28 days from those that progress to fatal outcomes (TG4 vs. TG5). Furthermore, our longitudinal design reveals that these biologic states display distinct temporal patterns associated with clinical outcomes. Characterizing host immune responses in relation to heterogeneity in disease course may inform clinical prognosis and opportunities for intervention.
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- 2023
27. Whole-Genome Sequencing to Predict Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Bristow, Claire C, Mortimer, Tatum D, Morris, Sheldon, Grad, Yonatan H, Soge, Olusegun O, Wakatake, Erika, Pascual, Rushlenne, Murphy, Sara McCurdy, Fryling, Kyra E, Adamson, Paul C, Dillon, Jo-Anne, Parmar, Nidhi R, Le, Hai Ha Long, Van Le, Hung, Ureña, Reyna Margarita Ovalles, Mitchev, Nireshni, Mlisana, Koleka, Wi, Teodora, Dickson, Samuel P, and Klausner, Jeffrey D
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical Sciences ,Medical Microbiology ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Biodefense ,Biotechnology ,Genetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Gonorrhea ,Ciprofloxacin ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Drug Resistance ,Bacterial ,Azithromycin ,antimicrobial susceptibility testing ,whole-genome sequencing ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundNeisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health problem due to increasing incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Genetic markers of reduced susceptibility have been identified; the extent to which those are representative of global antimicrobial resistance is unknown. We evaluated the performance of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) used to predict susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and other antimicrobials using a global collection of N. gonorrhoeae isolates.MethodsSusceptibility testing of common antimicrobials and the recently developed zolifodacin was performed using agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). We identified resistance alleles at loci known to contribute to antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae from WGS data. We tested the ability of each locus to predict antimicrobial susceptibility.ResultsA total of 481 N. gonorrhoeae isolates, collected between 2004 and 2019 and making up 457 unique genomes, were sourced from 5 countries. All isolates with demonstrated susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≤0.06 μg/mL) had a wild-type gyrA codon 91. Multilocus approaches were needed to predict susceptibility to other antimicrobials. All isolates were susceptible to zoliflodacin, defined by an MIC ≤0.25 μg/mL.ConclusionsSingle marker prediction can be used to inform ciprofloxacin treatment of N. gonorrhoeae infection. A combination of molecular markers may be needed to determine susceptibility for other antimicrobials.
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- 2023
28. A polygenic two-hit hypothesis for prostate cancer
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Houlahan, Kathleen E, Livingstone, Julie, Fox, Natalie S, Kurganovs, Natalie, Zhu, Helen, Sietsma Penington, Jocelyn, Jung, Chol-Hee, Yamaguchi, Takafumi N, Heisler, Lawrence E, Jovelin, Richard, Costello, Anthony J, Pope, Bernard J, Kishan, Amar U, Corcoran, Niall M, Bristow, Robert G, Waszak, Sebastian M, Weischenfeldt, Joachim, He, Housheng H, Hung, Rayjean J, Hovens, Christopher M, and Boutros, Paul C
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Cancer ,Genetics ,Aging ,Prostate Cancer ,Urologic Diseases ,Prevention ,Genetic Testing ,Human Genome ,Good Health and Well Being ,Male ,Humans ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Risk Factors ,Prognosis ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers. Hundreds of germline polymorphisms have been linked to prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Polygenic risk scores can predict genetic risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis. Although these scores inform the probability of developing a tumor, it remains unknown how germline risk influences the tumor molecular evolution. We cultivated a cohort of 1250 localized European-descent patients with germline and somatic DNA profiling. Men of European descent with higher genetic risk were diagnosed earlier and had less genomic instability and fewer driver genes mutated. Higher genetic risk was associated with better outcome. These data imply a polygenic "two-hit" model where germline risk reduces the number of somatic alterations required for tumorigenesis. These findings support further clinical studies of polygenic risk scores as inexpensive and minimally invasive adjuncts to standard risk stratification. Further studies are required to interrogate generalizability to more ancestrally and clinically diverse populations.
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- 2023
29. CUBES: a UV spectrograph for the future
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Covino, S., Cristiani, S., Alcala', J. M., Alencar, S. H. P., Balashev, S. A., Barbuy, B., Bastian, N., Battino, U., Bissell, L., Bristow, P., Calcines, A., Calderone, G., Cambianica, P., Carini, R., Carter, B., Cassisi, S., Castilho, B. V., Cescutti, G., Christlieb, N., Cirami, R., Conzelmann, R., Coretti, I., Cooke, R., Cremonese, G., Cunha, K., Cupani, G., da Silva, A. R., D'Auria, D., De Caprio, V., De Cia, A., Dekker, H., D'Elia, V., De Silva, G., Diaz, M., Di Marcantonio, P., D'Odorico, V., Ernandes, H., Evans, C., Fitzsimmons, A., Franchini, M., Gaensicke, B., Genoni, M., Giribaldi, R. E., Gneiding, C., Grazian, A., Hansen, C. J., Hopgood, J., Kosmalski, J., La Forgia, F., La Penna, P., Landoni, M., Lazzarin, M., Lunney, D., Maciel, W., Marcolino, W., Marconi, M., Migliorini, A., Miller, C., Modigliani, A., Noterdaeme, P., Oggioni, L., Opitom, C., Pariani, G., Pilecki, B., Piranomonte, S., Quirrenbach, A., Redaelli, E. M. A., Pereira, C. B., Randich, S., Rossi, S., Sanchez-Janssen, R., Schoeller, M., Seifert, W., Smiljanic, R., Snodgrass, C., Squalli, O., Stilz, I., Stuermer, J., Trost, A., Vanzella, E., Ventura, P., Verducci, O., Waring, C., Watson, S., Wells, M., Wright, D., Zafar, T., Zanutta, A., and Zins, G.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
In spite of the advent of extremely large telescopes in the UV/optical/NIR range, the current generation of 8-10m facilities is likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for the foreseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) has been designed to provide high-efficiency (>40%) observations in the near UV (305-400 nm requirement, 300-420 nm goal) at a spectral resolving power of R>20,000, although a lower-resolution, sky-limited mode of R ~ 7,000 is also planned. CUBES will offer new possibilities in many fields of astrophysics, providing access to key lines of stellar spectra: a tremendous diversity of iron-peak and heavy elements, lighter elements (in particular Beryllium) and light-element molecules (CO, CN, OH), as well as Balmer lines and the Balmer jump (particularly important for young stellar objects). The UV range is also critical in extragalactic studies: the circumgalactic medium of distant galaxies, the contribution of different types of sources to the cosmic UV background, the measurement of H2 and primordial Deuterium in a regime of relatively transparent intergalactic medium, and follow-up of explosive transients. The CUBES project completed a Phase A conceptual design in June 2021 and has now entered the Phase B dedicated to detailed design and construction. First science operations are planned for 2028. In this paper, we briefly describe the CUBES project development and goals, the main science cases, the instrument design and the project organization and management., Comment: Proceedings for the HACK100 conference, Trieste, June 2022. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2208.01672
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- 2022
30. Unconventional localization of electrons inside of a nematic electronic phase
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Farrar, L., Zajicek, Z., Morfoot, A. B., Bristow, M., Humphries, O. S., Haghighirad, A. A., McCollam, A., Bending, S. J., and Coldea, A. I.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
The magnetotransport behaviour inside the nematic phase of bulk FeSe reveals unusual multiband effects that cannot be reconciled with a simple two-band approximation proposed by surface-sensitive spectroscopic probes. In order to understand the role played by the multiband electronic structure and the degree of two-dimensionality we have investigated the electronic properties of exfoliated flakes of FeSe by reducing their thickness. Based on magnetotransport and Hall resistivity measurements, we assess the mobility spectrum that suggests an unusual asymmetry between the mobilities of the electrons and holes with the electron carriers becoming localized inside the nematic phase. Quantum oscillations in magnetic fields up to 38 T indicate the presence of a hole-like quasiparticle with a lighter effective mass and a quantum scattering time three times shorter, as compared with bulk FeSe. The observed localization of negative charge carriers by reducing dimensionality can be driven by orbitally-dependent correlation effects, enhanced interband spin-fluctuations or a Lifshitz-like transition which affect mainly the electron bands. The electronic localization leads to a fragile two-dimensional superconductivity in thin flakes of FeSe, in contrast to the two-dimensional high-Tc induced with electron doping via dosing or using a suitable interface., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures
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- 2022
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31. Imaging-based 3D Particle Tracking System for Field Characterization of Particle Dynamics in Atmospheric Flows
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Bristow, Nathaniel, Li, Jiaqi, Hartford, Peter, Guala, Michele, and Hong, Jiarong
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Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
A particle tracking velocimetry apparatus is presented that is capable of measuring three-dimensional particle trajectories across large volumes, of the order of several meters, during natural snowfall events. Field experiments, aimed at understanding snow settling kinematics in atmospheric flows, were conducted during the 2021/2022 winter season using this apparatus, from which we show preliminary results. An overview of the methodology, wherein we use a UAV-based calibration method, is provided, and analysis is conducted of a select dataset to demonstrate the capabilities of the system for studying inertial particle dynamics in atmospheric flows. A modular camera array is used, designed specifically for handling the challenges of field deployment during snowfall. This imaging system is calibrated using synchronized imaging of a UAV-carried target to enable measurements centered 10 m above the ground within approximately a 4 m x 4 m x 6 m volume. Using the measured Lagrangian particle tracks we present data concerning 3D trajectory curvature and acceleration statistics, as well as clustering behavior using Voronoi analysis. The limitations, as well as potential future developments, of such a system are discussed in the context of applications with other inertial particles.
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- 2022
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32. Welfare concerns of farm-based therapy and education: People and Animals UK CIC
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Katie Bristow and Julie Milsom
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farm-based ,welfare ,human-animal interaction ,five freedoms ,accessibility ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Can humans engage with farm animals in a way that maintains, perhaps enhances, the welfare of farm animals? Can communities learn to engage with farm animals in a manner similar to that of companion animals? Is it even fair to ask about farm animals? We hope to offer a contribution to this discussion, using a case study from People and Animals UK CIC to explore the impact of farm animals on people and their communities, but with a focus on how farm design and session delivery might impact the animal within the dynamic.
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- 2024
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33. Exploring the relationship between STEVE and SAID during three events observed by SuperDARN
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E. P. Macho, W. Bristow, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, S. G. Shepherd, J. M. Ruohoniemi, and E. Correia
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SuperDARN ,STEVE ,SAID ,ionosphere ,aurora ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The phenomenon known as strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is a narrow optical structure that may extend longitudinally for thousands of kilometers. Initially observed by amateur photographers, it has recently garnered researchers’ attention. STEVE has been associated with a rapid westward flow of ions in the ionosphere, known as subauroral ion drift (SAID). In this work, we investigate three occurrences of STEVE, using data from one of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) ground-based all-sky imagers (ASIs) located at Pinawa, Manitoba, and from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). This approach allows us to verify the correlation between STEVE and SAID, as well as analyze the temporal variation of SAID observed during STEVE events. Our results suggest that the SAID activity starts before the STEVE, and the magnitude of the westward flow decreases as the STEVE progresses toward the end of its optical manifestation.
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- 2024
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34. Dependence of daytime thermospheric winds on IMF By as measured from south pole
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Ying Zou, Cheng Sheng, Mark Conde, Xueling Shi, William A. Bristow, and Yen-Jung Joanne Wu
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upper thermosphere ,neutral wind ,ionosphere-thermosphere coupling ,Cusp ,IMF By dependence ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Winds in the nighttime upper thermosphere are often observed to mimic the ionospheric plasma convection at polar latitudes, and whether the same is true for the daytime winds remains unclear. The dayside sector is subject to large temperature gradient set up by solar irradiance and it also contains the cusp, which is a hotspot of Poynting flux and a region with the strongest soft particle precipitation. We examine daytime winds using a Scanning Doppler Imager (SDI) located at the South Pole, and investigate their distribution under steadily positive and negative IMF By conditions. The results show that daytime winds exhibit significant differences from the plasma convection. Under negative IMF By conditions, winds flow in the same direction as the plasma zonally, but have a meridional component that is strongest in the auroral zone. As a result, winds are more poleward-directed than the plasma convection within the auroral zone, and more westward-directed in the polar cap. Under positive IMF By conditions, winds can flow zonally against the plasma in certain regions. For instance, they flow westward in the polar cap despite the eastward plasma convection there, forming a large angle relative to the plasma convection. The results indicate that ion drag may not be the most dominant force for daytime winds. Although the importance of various forcing terms cannot be resolved with the utilized dataset, we speculate that the pressure gradient force in the presence of cusp heating serves as one important contributor.
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- 2024
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35. Characterizing replisome disassembly in human cells
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Rebecca M. Jones, Joaquin Herrero Ruiz, Shaun Scaramuzza, Sarmi Nath, Chaoyu Liu, Marta Henklewska, Toyoaki Natsume, Robert G. Bristow, Francisco Romero, Masato T. Kanemaki, and Agnieszka Gambus
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biochemistry ,genetics ,cell biology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: To ensure timely duplication of the entire eukaryotic genome, thousands of replication machineries (replisomes) act on genomic DNA at any time during S phase. In the final stages of this process, replisomes are unloaded from chromatin. Unloading is driven by polyubiquitylation of MCM7, a subunit of the terminated replicative helicase, and processed by p97/VCP segregase. Most of our knowledge of replication termination comes from model organisms, and little is known about how this process is executed and regulated in human somatic cells. Here we show that replisome disassembly in this system requires CUL2LRR1-driven MCM7 ubiquitylation, p97, and UBXN7 for unloading and provide evidence for “backup” mitotic replisome disassembly, demonstrating conservation of such mechanisms. Finally, we find that small-molecule inhibitors against Cullin ubiquitin ligases (CULi) and p97 (p97i) affect replisome unloading but also lead to induction of replication stress in cells, which limits their usefulness to specifically target replisome disassembly processes.
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- 2024
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36. Tale of two zones: investigating the clinical outcomes and research gaps in peripheral and transition zone prostate cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Pedro Oliveira, Robert G Bristow, Ashwin Sachdeva, Noel Clarke, Hitesh Mistry, Amin Ali, Thiraviyam Elumalai, BhanuPrasad Venkatesulu, Lauren Hekman, and Esther Baena
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Objective To assess pathological characteristics, clinical features and outcomes of patients diagnosed with peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) prostate cancer after prostatectomy.Methods and analysis We systematically reviewed PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Primary endpoints were biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) and distant metastases rate; secondary endpoints included clinical and pathological features.Results Ten retrospective cohort studies were identified, six reported HRs for bRFS between PZ and TZ tumours. Patients with TZ tumours had significantly better bRFS (pooled HR 0.57 (0.47, 0.68)) than those with PZ tumours. Two studies reported a lower proportion of distant metastasis in patients diagnosed with TZ tumours compared with PZ tumours (1.5% vs 4.9% (median follow-up 7.0 years) and 0% vs 5% (median follow-up 7.8 years)). PZ tumours presented higher Gleason group and T staging more frequently, while TZ tumours were associated with higher prostate specific antigen levels at diagnosis.Conclusion PZ tumours were associated with poorer prognostic clinical features and outcomes. Despite adjusting for poor prognostic clinical features, PZ tumours consistently showed worse clinical outcomes than TZ tumours. Our systematic review underscores the need for further research comparing PZ and TZ prostate cancer to understand the underlying differences and refine clinical practice.
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- 2024
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37. Interplay of demographics, geography and COVID-19 pandemic responses in the Puget Sound region: The Vashon, Washington Medical Reserve Corps experience.
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Bristow, James, Hamilton, Jamie, Weinshel, John, Rovig, Robert, Wallace, Rick, Olney, Clayton, and Lindquist, Karla
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Humans ,COVID-19 ,Washington ,Pandemics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 Testing ,Ethnicity ,Geography - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rural U.S. communities are at risk from COVID-19 due to advanced age and limited access to acute care. Recognizing this, the Vashon Medical Reserve Corps (VMRC) in King County, Washington, implemented an all-volunteer, community-based COVID-19 response program. This program integrated public engagement, SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, vaccination, and material community support, and was associated with the lowest cumulative COVID-19 case rate in King County. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of demographics, geography and public health interventions to Vashons low COVID-19 rates. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study compares cumulative COVID-19 rates and success of public health interventions from February 2020 through November 2021 for Vashon Island with King County (including metropolitan Seattle) and Whidbey Island, located ~50 km north of Vashon. To evaluate the role of demography, we developed multiple linear regression models of COVID-19 rates using metrics of age, race/ethnicity, wealth and educational attainment across 77 King County zip codes. To investigate the role of remote geography we expanded the regression models to include North, Central and South Whidbey, similarly remote island communities with varying demographic features. To evaluate the effectiveness of VMRCs community-based public health measures, we directly compared Vashons success of vaccination and contact tracing with that of King County and South Whidbey, the Whidbey community most similar to Vashon. RESULTS: Vashons cumulative COVID-19 case rate was 29% that of King County overall (22.2 vs 76.8 cases/K). A multiple linear regression model based on King County demographics found educational attainment to be a major correlate of COVID-19 rates, and Vashons cumulative case rate was just 38% of predicted (p < .05), so demographics alone do not explain Vashons low COVID-19 case rate. Inclusion of Whidbey communities in the model identified a major effect of remote geography (-49 cases/K, p < .001), such that observed COVID-19 rates for all remote communities fell within the models 95% prediction interval. VMRCs vaccination effort was highly effective, reaching a vaccination rate of 1500 doses/K four months before South Whidbey and King County and maintaining a cumulative vaccination rate 200 doses/K higher throughout the latter half of 2021 (p < .001). Including vaccination rates in the model reduced the effect of remote geography to -41 cases/K (p < .001). VMRC case investigation was also highly effective, interviewing 96% of referred cases in an average of 1.7 days compared with 69% in 3.7 days for Washington Department of Health investigating South Whidbey cases and 80% in 3.4 days for Public Health-Seattle & King County (both p
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- 2023
38. Population-Based Analysis of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guideline Adherence for Patients with Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in California
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Kumar, Priyanka, Del Rosario, Michael, Chang, Jenny, Ziogas, Argyrios, Jafari, Mehraneh D, Bristow, Robert E, Tanjasiri, Sora Park, and Zell, Jason A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Cancer ,Digestive Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,anal squamous cell carcinoma ,cancer outcomes ,health disparities ,guideline adherence ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
PurposeWe analyzed adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines for anal squamous cell carcinoma in California and the associated impacts on survival.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients in the California Cancer Registry aged 18 to 79 years with recent diagnoses of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Predefined criteria were used to determine adherence. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for those receiving adherent care. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were examined with a Cox proportional hazards model.Results4740 patients were analyzed. Female sex was positively associated with adherent care. Medicaid status and low socioeconomic status were negatively associated with adherent care. Non-adherent care was associated with worse OS (Adjusted HR 1.87, 95% CI = 1.66, 2.12, p < 0.0001). DSS was worse in patients receiving non-adherent care (Adjusted HR 1.96, 95% CI = 1.56, 2.46, p < 0.0001). Female sex was associated with improved DSS and OS. Black race, Medicare/Medicaid, and low socioeconomic status were associated with worse OS.ConclusionsMale patients, those with Medicaid insurance, or those with low socioeconomic status are less likely to receive adherent care. Adherent care was associated with improved DSS and OS in anal carcinoma patients.
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- 2023
39. Warming experiments test the temperature sensitivity of an endangered butterfly across life history stages
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Bristow, Lainey V., Grundel, Ralph, Dzurisin, Jason D. K., Wu, Grace C., Li, Yudi, Hildreth, Andrew, and Hellmann, Jessica J.
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- 2023
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40. Differential contribution of nitrifying prokaryotes to groundwater nitrification
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Krüger, Markus, Chaudhari, Narendrakumar, Thamdrup, Bo, Overholt, Will A., Bristow, Laura A., Taubert, Martin, Küsel, Kirsten, Jehmlich, Nico, von Bergen, Martin, and Herrmann, Martina
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- 2023
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41. Structure and chronology of a star dune at Erg Chebbi, Morocco, reveals why star dunes are rarely recognised in the rock record
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C. S. Bristow and G. A. T. Duller
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Star dunes are the tallest dunes on Earth and are amongst the larger and more spectacular aeolian landforms. Although they are widespread in modern sandy deserts, star dunes are rarely recognised in the rock record probably due to a lack of suitable sedimentary models. This paper presents a new sedimentary model for the structure of a star dune at Erg Chebbi in Morocco (Sahara Desert) on the basis of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. Individual sedimentary structures in star dunes are similar to those in linear or barchanoid dunes, likely leading to misidentification in the rock record. However, the suite of features described in this paper will permit identification of star dunes in future studies of the rock record. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating shows that accumulation of the Erg Chebbi star dune post-dates the end of the African Humid Period (AHP). At the base of the dune, there is an ~ 8000-year hiatus in the record. Since then, the dune has grown rapidly to create a 100 m high dune within the past 1000 years and is migrating towards the west. Changes in the cross-strata support the idea that star dune construction was accompanied by a change in the wind directions.
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- 2024
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42. Investigating the Influence of Material Properties, Infiltration, and Climatic Conditions on Hygrothermal Risk of Building Envelopes
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Bona Ryan and David N. Bristow
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building physics ,biodeterioration risk ,green and healthy building ,hygrothermal analysis ,wood-frame building envelopes ,Technology ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 - Abstract
Deterioration of building envelopes due to poor moisture management is considered critical in the sustainability of buildings where wood-frame constructions are widely used. However, the integration of research outputs in building enclosure design analysis considering the combined effects of internal and external parameters is less exhaustively explored. This is partly due to the uniqueness of each component material, the uncertainty of involved factors, and complex interdependencies that influence the response of building envelopes throughout their service lives. To address this issue, hygrothermal simulations and risk assessment of key moisture indicators were performed on wall assemblies exposed to different climatic conditions. The assessment focused on three major issues concerning the moisture design of exterior walls: (1) selection of appropriate materials for optimum performance, (2) effect of moisture infiltration, and (3) different geographic locations. The proposed design methodology includes the simulations and development of a design experiment method based on full-factorial design. The proposed method demonstrates a quantitative appraisal resulting in a clear presentation of moisture accumulation, considering dependencies on various factors. Research findings showed several important factors that affect the hygrothermal performance of wood-frame wall assemblies and need to be considered in the design process. The relationship with the external climate determines the optimal moisture response, given the dependency of the component properties on the drying and wetting potential.
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- 2024
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43. Sublimed C60 for efficient and repeatable perovskite-based solar cells
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Ahmed A. Said, Erkan Aydin, Esma Ugur, Zhaojian Xu, Caner Deger, Badri Vishal, Aleš Vlk, Pia Dally, Bumin K. Yildirim, Randi Azmi, Jiang Liu, Edward A. Jackson, Holly M. Johnson, Manting Gui, Henning Richter, Anil R. Pininti, Helen Bristow, Maxime Babics, Arsalan Razzaq, Thomas G. Allen, Martin Ledinský, Ilhan Yavuz, Barry P. Rand, and Stefaan De Wolf
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Thermally evaporated C60 is a near-ubiquitous electron transport layer in state-of-the-art p–i–n perovskite-based solar cells. As perovskite photovoltaic technologies are moving toward industrialization, batch-to-batch reproducibility of device performances becomes crucial. Here, we show that commercial as-received (99.75% pure) C60 source materials may coalesce during repeated thermal evaporation processes, jeopardizing such reproducibility. We find that the coalescence is due to oxygen present in the initial source powder and leads to the formation of deep states within the perovskite bandgap, resulting in a systematic decrease in solar cell performance. However, further purification (through sublimation) of the C60 to 99.95% before evaporation is found to hinder coalescence, with the associated solar cell performances being fully reproducible after repeated processing. We verify the universality of this behavior on perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by demonstrating their open-circuit voltages and fill factors to remain at 1950 mV and 81% respectively, over eight repeated processes using the same sublimed C60 source material. Notably, one of these cells achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 30.9%. These findings provide insights crucial for the advancement of perovskite photovoltaic technologies towards scaled production with high process yield.
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- 2024
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44. T-Cell Infiltration and Clonality May Identify Distinct Survival Groups in Colorectal Cancer: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC)
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Campana, Luca G, Mansoor, Wasat, Hill, James, Macutkiewicz, Christian, Curran, Finlay, Donnelly, David, Hornung, Ben, Charleston, Peter, Bristow, Robert, Lord, Graham M, and Valpione, Sara
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Colo-Rectal Cancer ,Cancer ,Genetics ,Clinical Research ,Digestive Diseases ,Human Genome ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Good Health and Well Being ,T-cell antigen receptor ,colorectal neoplasms ,nomograms ,prognostic factors ,prognostic model ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Predicting the survival outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains challenging. We investigated the prognostic significance of the transcriptome and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte T-cell receptor (TIL/Tc-TCR) repertoire and analysed TIL/Tc-TCR sequences of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) CRC cohorts. Using a multivariate Cox regression, we tested whether TIL/Tc-TCR repertoire, patient and tumour characteristics (stage, sidedness, total non-synonymous mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) and transcriptional signatures) correlated with patient overall survival (OS) and designed a prognostic nomogram. A multivariate analysis (C-index = 0.75) showed that only patient age, disease stage, TIL/Tc degree of infiltration and clonality were independent prognostic factors for OS. The cut-offs for patients’ allocation to TIL/Tc abundance subgroups were determined using a strategy of maximally selected rank statistics with the OptimalCutpoints R package. These were “high”, “low” and “very high” (90 th percentile) TIL/Tc infiltration-stratified OS (median not reached, 67 and 44.3 months; p < 0.001); the results were validated in the CPTAC cohort. TIL/Tc clonality was prognostic (median OS in “high” vs. “low” clonality not reached and 67.3 months; p = 0.041) and independent of TIL/Tc infiltration. Whilst tumour sidedness was not prognostic, the “very highly” infiltrated tumours were prevalent among right-sided CRCs (p = 0.039) and showed distinct immunological features, with lower Th1 signature (p = 0.004), higher PD-L1 expression (p < 0.001) and likely enrichment in highly suppressory IL1R1+ Tregs (FoxP3 and IL1R1 overexpression, p < 0.001). TIL/Tc abundance and clonality are independent prognosticators in CRC and, combined with clinical variables, refine risk stratification. We identified a subset of CRCs with “very high” TIL/Tc infiltration, poor prognosis and distinct genetic and immunologic features, which may benefit from alternative therapeutic approaches. These results need validation in prospective patient cohorts.
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- 2022
45. Spatial-Temporal Trends in Ovarian Cancer Outcomes in California
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Villanueva, Carolina, Chang, Jenny, Ziogas, Argyrios, Bristow, Robert E, and Vieira, Verónica M
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Rare Diseases ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,Ovarian Cancer ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,United States ,Female ,Humans ,Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ,Carcinoma ,Ovarian Epithelial ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,California ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundResearch suggests that geographic location may affect ovarian cancer (OC) outcomes. Insurance status often remains an important predictor of outcomes. The Affordable Care Act was enacted in 2010 to expand access to affordable health insurance. Our objective was to examine spatiotemporal trends in OC treatment nonadherence and disease-specific mortality in California (USA) among women diagnosed with OC.MethodsNewly diagnosed epithelial OC cases between 1996 and 2017 were identified from the California Cancer Registry. Spatiotemporal trends in adherence to treatment guidelines were examined using generalized additive models and OC-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards additive models. Prediction grids covering California were used to display the odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios of location using the median value for the study area as the referent value. Seven overlapping 5-year periods and 2 larger ones (pre- and post-2013) were assessed. Analyses were stratified according to stage (early vs advanced) and used P = .05 to determine statistical significance.ResultsStatistically significant spatial patterns in treatment nonadherence were observed for every time period examined (P
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- 2022
46. Using electric vehicles to enhance power outage resilience – An agent-based modeling approach
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Mike Churchill, Jacob Monroe, David Bristow, and Curran Crawford
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Electric vehicles ,Agent-based modeling ,Disaster ,Outage ,Resilience ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Power outages can cause severe disruption to critical infrastructure. With the predicted increase in the electrification of the transport sector, society will become even more vulnerable to the effects of power outages. While increased electric vehicle (EV) adoption will contribute to the electrification process, EVs can also offer capabilities to provide services during an outage. This paper studied the use of a fleet of EVs during the aftermath of a disaster to provide disaster relief by donating power to a shelter, delivering critical supplies and people in need, and providing transport for personnel or performing inspections. While the bulk of the past work has focused on using EVs to increase the resilience of the distribution grid, or individual buildings, to a power outage, this paper was novel in its use of an agent-based model to study EVs that are performing functions to increase the resilience of a community to an outage. The fleet of EVs were provided access to a microgrid with a solar array, one or two EV fast chargers, and three possible sizes of a storage. Useful outputs were produced and studied for such features as daily energy donated to a shelter, daily energy used at the microgrid, and the length of outages that can be supported before the energy is depleted at the microgrid. Results showed that increasing storage size at the microgrid led to substantial increases in the outage length that could be support. Additionally, it was found that focusing a fleet on delivery and transport tasks, as opposed to energy donation, could also increase the length of outages that could be supported.
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- 2024
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47. Retraction notice to 'Role of Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism for Hypoxic Cells in Tumors' [Neoplasia 18 (2016) 347- 355/201]
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Qian Tan, Marina Wang, Man Yu, Junyan Zhang, Robert G. Bristow, Richard P. Hill, and Ian F. Tannock
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2024
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48. Improving crop-specific groundwater use estimation in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain: Implications for integrated remote sensing and machine learning approaches in data-scarce regions
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Sayantan Majumdar, Ryan G. Smith, Md Fahim Hasan, Jordan L. Wilson, Vincent E. White, Emilia L. Bristow, J.R. Rigby, Wade H. Kress, and Jaime A. Painter
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Groundwater ,Remote sensing ,Machine learning ,Regression ,Irrigation ,Estimation ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Study region: The Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) in the United States (US). Study focus: Understanding local-scale groundwater use, a critical component of the water budget, is necessary for implementing sustainable water management practices. The MAP is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the US and extracts more than 11 km3/year for irrigation activities. Consequently, groundwater-level declines in the MAP region pose a substantial challenge to water sustainability, and hence, we need reliable groundwater pumping monitoring solutions to manage this resource appropriately. New hydrological insights for the region: We incorporate remote sensing datasets and machine learning to improve an existing lookup table-based model of groundwater use previously developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Here, we employ Distributed Random Forests, an ensemble machine learning algorithm to predict annual and monthly groundwater use (2014–2020) throughout this region at 1-km resolution, using pumping data from existing flowmeters in the Mississippi Delta. Our model compares favorably with the existing USGS model, with higher R2 (0.51 compared to 0.42 in the previous model), and lower root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)— 0.14 m and 0.09 m, respectively in our model, compared to 0.15 m and 0.1 m in the previous model. Therefore, this work advances our ability to predict groundwater use in regions with scarce or limited in-situ groundwater withdrawal data availability.
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- 2024
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49. The drastic effect of the impurity scattering on the electronic and superconducting properties of Cu-doped FeSe
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Zajicek, Z., Singh, S. J., Jones, H., Reiss, P., Bristow, M., Martin, A., Gower, A., McCollam, A., and Coldea, A. I.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Non-magnetic impurities in iron-based superconductors can provide an important tool to understand the pair symmetry and they can influence significantly the transport and the superconducting behaviour. Here, we present a study of the role of strong impurity potential in the Fe plane, induced by Cu substitution, on the electronic and superconducting properties of single crystals of FeSe. The addition of Cu quickly suppresses both the nematic and superconducting states, and increases the residual resistivity due to enhanced impurity scattering. Using magnetotransport data up to 35 T for a small amount of Cu impurity, we detect a significant reduction in the mobility of the charge carriers by a factor of ~3. While the electronic conduction is strongly disrupted by Cu substitution, we identify additional signatures of anisotropic scattering which manifest in linear resistivity at low temperatures and $H^{1.6}$ dependence of magnetoresistance. The suppression of superconductivity by Cu substitution is consistent with a sign-changing $s_{\pm}$ order parameter. Additionally, in the presence of compressive strain, the superconductivity is enhanced, similar to FeSe., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Physcial Review B (2022)
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- 2022
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50. Genome-wide fetalization of enhancer architecture in heart disease
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Spurrell, Cailyn H, Barozzi, Iros, Kosicki, Michael, Mannion, Brandon J, Blow, Matthew J, Fukuda-Yuzawa, Yoko, Slaven, Neil, Afzal, Sarah Y, Akiyama, Jennifer A, Afzal, Veena, Tran, Stella, Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid, Novak, Catherine S, Kato, Momoe, Lee, Elizabeth A, Garvin, Tyler H, Pham, Quan T, Kronshage, Anne N, Lisgo, Steven, Bristow, James, Cappola, Thomas P, Morley, Michael P, Margulies, Kenneth B, Pennacchio, Len A, Dickel, Diane E, and Visel, Axel
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Genetics ,Pediatric ,Cardiovascular ,Human Genome ,Rare Diseases ,Heart Disease ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Adult ,Cardiomyopathy ,Dilated ,Enhancer Elements ,Genetic ,Epigenome ,Epigenomics ,Humans ,Transcription Factors ,CP: Molecular biology ,RNA-seq ,enhancers ,fetalization ,genomics ,hIP-seq ,heart disease ,regulatory elements ,transgenic assay ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Medical Physiology ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Heart disease is associated with re-expression of key transcription factors normally active only during prenatal development of the heart. However, the impact of this reactivation on the regulatory landscape in heart disease is unclear. Here, we use RNA-seq and ChIP-seq targeting a histone modification associated with active transcriptional enhancers to generate genome-wide enhancer maps from left ventricle tissue from up to 26 healthy controls, 18 individuals with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and five fetal hearts. Healthy individuals have a highly reproducible epigenomic landscape, consisting of more than 33,000 predicted heart enhancers. In contrast, we observe reproducible disease-associated changes in activity at 6,850 predicted heart enhancers. Combined analysis of adult and fetal samples reveals that the heart disease epigenome and transcriptome both acquire fetal-like characteristics, with 3,400 individual enhancers sharing fetal regulatory properties. We also provide a comprehensive data resource (http://heart.lbl.gov) for the mechanistic exploration of DCM etiology.
- Published
- 2022
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