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Mah, Christopher L. (2022): New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa 5164 (1): 1-75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1

Brisinga Asbjørnsen 1856 Asbjørnsen 1856: 95; Fisher 1919: 515, 1928: 7; Downey 1986: 4; Clark & Downey 1992: 463. (see Clark & Downey 1992 for full synonymy) Diagnosis. Arms 7–14. Papulae absent. Abactinal disk plates with short spinelets. As with all Brisingidae, arm plates arranged in costae or ribs along arms, separated by thick skin. Adambulacral plates form adoral carina also referred to as “united interradially by syzygy.” Gonads serial., Published as part of Mah, Christopher L., 2022, New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5164 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6821026, {"references":["Asbjornsen, P. C. (1856) Brisinga endecacnemos. In: Sars, G. O., Koren, J. & Danielssen, D. C., Fauna Littoralis Norvegiae, 2, pp. 101.","Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547, 156 pls.","Fisher, W. K. (1928) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters, Part 2: Forcipulata (Part). Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76, 1 - 245.","Downey, M. E. (1986) Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 435, 1 - 57.","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp."]}

Brisingaster deLoriol 1883 Diagnosis. As for species below., Published as part of Mah, Christopher L., 2022, New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5164 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6821026

clarki Koehler, 1909, Odinia Odinia clarki Koehler, 1909: 120, pl. 12, figs 4-6. Novodinia clarki ‒ Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 310. CURRENT STATUS. — Novodinia clarki (Koehler, 1909). TYPE MATERIAL. — Arabian sea • 1 syntype (three arms); Indian Museum leg.; MNHN-IE-2014-388 • 1 syntype; same as for preceding; MNHN-IE-2014-3853. REMARK The type locality of O. clarki (Investigator Survey, station 217, Arabian Sea, 6°57’N, 72°54’E, 840 m) is the only known locality of the species., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 276, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["KOEHLER R. 1909. - Asteries recueillies par l' Investigator dans l'ocean Indien. I. Les asteries des mers profondes. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 143 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11614","CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

agassizi Perrier, 1882, Hymenodiscus Hymenodiscus agassizi Perrier, 1882: 61. — Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 326. CURRENT STATUS. — Hymenodiscus agassizi Perrier, 1882. TYPE MATERIAL. — Caribbean Sea • 1 syntype; Dominica; BLAKE expedition (1878-1879); depth 715 m; MNHN-IE-2014-161 • 1 syntype; same as for preceding; MNHN-IE-2014-599., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 263, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["PERRIER E. 1882. - Notes sur les Brisinga. Compte rendus hebdomadaires de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris 95: 61 - 63.","CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

andamanica Wood-Masson & Alcock, 1891, Brisinga Brisinga andamanica Wood-Masson & Alcock, 1891: 439. — Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 313. CURRENT STATUS. — Brisinga andamanica Wood-Masson & Alcock, 1891. TYPE MATERIAL. — Andaman sea • 1 syntype (seven arms); Investigator survey; Indian Museum leg.; MNHN-IE-2014-383. REMARK The type locality of B. andamanica (Andaman Sea, Investigator Survey, Station 116, 741 m) is the only known locality of the species (Clark & Mah 2001)., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 265, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

insularum Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, Brisinga Brisinga insularum Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: 439. — Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 314. CURRENT STATUS. — Brisinga insularum Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891. TYPE MATERIAL. — Laccadive Sea • 1 syntype (2 arms); station 108; Investigator Survey; depth 1909 m; MNHN-IE-2014-386. REMARK The type locality of Brisinga insularum (Investigator Survey, Laccadives Sea, station 108, 1909 m) is the only known locality of the species., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 292, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

Jangoux, Michel (2022): The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris. Zoosystema 44 (11): 259-334, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11

hirsuta Perrier, 1894, Brisinga Brisinga hirsuta Perrier, 1894: 66, pl. 1, figs 8-10. — Clark & Downey 1992: 467. CURRENT STATUS. — Brisinga hirsuta Perrier, 1894 TYPE MATERIAL. — Atlantic Ocean • holotype (single arm); station 13; Travailleur expedition; 1882; depth 2030 m; MNHN- IE-2014-189., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 289, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["PERRIER E. 1894. - Stellerides. Resultats des Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. G. Masson, Paris 3: 1 - 431.","CLARK A. M. & DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p."]}

bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, Brisinga Brisinga bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: 439. — Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 313. CURRENT STATUS. — Brisinga bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891. TYPE MATERIAL. — Bay of Bengal • 1 syntype; Investigator Survey; unspecified locality; Indian Museum leg.; MNHN-IE-2014-384. REMARK The type locality of B. bengalensis (Investigator survey, station 112, Bay of Bengal, 1027 m) is the only known locality of the species., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 270, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

elegans Perrier, 1885, Odinia Odinia elegans Perrier, 1885: 12; 1894: 71, pl. 4, figs 1-8. Novodinia homonyma ‒ Clark & Downey 1992: 474. CURRENT STATUS. — Novodinia homonyma Downey, 1986. TYPE MATERIAL. — Canary Islands • 1 syntype; station 73; Talisman expedition; 1883; 25°39’N, 18°26’W; depth 1435 m; MNHN- IE-2014-113 • 3 syntypes; same as for preceding;MNHN-IE-2014-109 • 2 syntypes; same as for preceding; MNHN-IE-2014-201 • 2 syntypes; station 72; same as for preceding; 25°39’N, 18°22’W; depth 882 m; MNHN-IE-2014-110., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 282, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["PERRIER E. 1885. - Premiere note preliminaire sur les echinodermes recueillis durant les campagnes de dragages sous-marins du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences naturelles (6) 19 (8): 1 - 72.","PERRIER E. 1894. - Stellerides. Resultats des Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. G. Masson, Paris 3: 1 - 431.","CLARK A. M. & DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p."]}

mediterranea Perrier, 1885, Brisinga Brisinga mediterranea Perrier, 1885: 3; 1894: 70, pl. 3, fig. 1a, f. Hymenodiscus coronata ‒ Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 326. CURRENT STATUS. — Hymenodiscus coronata (G. O. Sars, 1871). TYPE MATERIAL. — Bay of Biscay • 1 syntype (arms); station 1; Travailleur expedition 1881; 43°03’N, 02°58’W; depth 555 m; MNHN-IE-2014-195 • 2 syntypes; same as for preceding; station 17; 43°15’N, 05°01’W; depth 2660 m; MNHN-IE-2014-168., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 299, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["PERRIER E. 1885. - Premiere note preliminaire sur les echinodermes recueillis durant les campagnes de dragages sous-marins du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences naturelles (6) 19 (8): 1 - 72.","PERRIER E. 1894. - Stellerides. Resultats des Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. G. Masson, Paris 3: 1 - 431.","CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

radiata Aziz & Jangoux, 1985, Novodinia Novodinia radiata Aziz & Jangoux, 1985: 289, pl. 8, fig. A-D. — Mah in Clark & Mah 2001: 311. CURRENT STATUS. — Novodinia radiata Aziz & Jangoux, 1985. TYPE MATERIAL. — Philippines • holotype; station 33; off Mindoro; MUSORSTOM 2 expedition; 1980; depth 215 m; MNHN- IE-2013-4344., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on page 311, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["AZIZ A. & JANGOUX M. 1985. - Descriptions de six asterides nouveaux de la region des Philippines. Indo-Malayan Zoology 3: 281 - 291.","CLARK A. M. & MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. & LAWRENCE J. M. (eds) Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6: 229 - 347. Balkema, Rotterdam."]}

robusta Perrier, 1885, Odinia Odinia robusta Perrier, 1885: 11 ‒ Perrier 1894: 78, pl. 6. Novodinia semicoronata ‒ Clark & Downey 1992: 475. CURRENT STATUS. — Novodinia semicoronata (Perrier, 1885). TYPE MATERIAL. — Canary Islands • 1 syntype; station 72; Talisman expedition; 1883; 25°39’N, 18°22’W; depth 882 m; MNHN- IE-2014-106 • 1 syntype; station 73; same as for preceding; 25°39’N, 18°26’W; depth 1435 m; MNHN-IE-2014-107., Published as part of Jangoux, Michel, 2022, The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris, pp. 259-334 in Zoosystema 44 (11) on pages 312-313, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a11, http://zenodo.org/record/6616817, {"references":["PERRIER E. 1885. - Premiere note preliminaire sur les echinodermes recueillis durant les campagnes de dragages sous-marins du Travailleur et du Talisman. Annales des Sciences naturelles (6) 19 (8): 1 - 72.","PERRIER E. 1894. - Stellerides. Resultats des Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. G. Masson, Paris 3: 1 - 431.","CLARK A. M. & DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p.","PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 p., (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, et vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)."]}

Introduction: The deep-sea asteroid species of Brisingida have a nearly global distribution but have remained poorly understood due to their deep bathymetric distributions and fragile skeletons. Objective: To describe the external and internal morphology of Midgardia xandaros including the skeletal arrangement, through multifocal and SEM techniques. Methods: We examined a total of 21 specimens, including 27 arm fragments, from the Gulf of Mexico and Honduras. Two specimens were dissected. Results: Detailed descriptions of pedicellariae, abactinal, intercostal, inferomarginal, adambulacral, ambulacral, odontophore, and oral ossicles, and their spines are provided, emphasizing the articulations and muscle attachments. C-shaped valves pedicellariae and small pedicellariae valves with shorter denticulation areas were recognized. Conclusions: The morphological description of M. xandaros is expanded, providing the most extensive description of abactinal, first adambulacral, first and subsequent inferomarginal ossicles, abactinal spines, and C-shaped, crossed pedicellariae, as well as the distal arm plates, for a brisingid species using SEM to date. Resumen Introducción: Las estrellas de mar de profundidad del orden Brisingida tienen una distribución casi global, sin embargo, han sido poco estudiadas debido a su profunda distribución batimétrica y esqueleto frágil. Objetivo: Describir la morfología externa e interna de Midgardia xandaros incluyendo el arreglo de las placas del esqueleto mediante técnicas de microscopía multifocal y electrónica de barrido (MEB). Métodos: Se examinó un total de 21 ejemplares, incluyendo 27 fragmentos de brazos, provenientes del Golfo de México y Honduras. Dos de estos ejemplares fueron disectados. Resultados: Se presenta la descripción de pedicelarios; placas abactinales, intercostales, inferomarginales, adambulacrales, ambulacrales, orales y odontóforo, y sus espinas, enfatizando los sitios de articulaciones e inserción de músculos. Se reconocieron pedicelarios con valvas con forma de C, y pequeños pedicelarios cuyas valvas poseen áreas de denticulación cortas. Conclusiones: La descripción morfológica de M. xandaros es ampliada, presentado por primera vez la morfología de las placas abactinales, primera adambulacrales, primera y subsecuentes inferomarginales, espinas abactinales y pedicelarios con valvas con forma de “C”, así como las placas distales de los brazos para una especie del orden Brisingida.

Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0F238379-CD10-4E51-A74A-0FEF055D72A5 (Figs. 14) Diagnosis. Arms 7, robust. Intercostal integument densely covered by irregular, abutting plates. No syzygy between proximal arm plates. The first pair of adambulacral plates separated byapair of marginal plates. Alargeinterradial plateabove thefirst marginal plates, visible from the abactinal side, covered by scattered spinelets. Mouth spines and proximal adambulacral spines robust, densely distributed. Suboral spines 3 4; subambulacral spines 1 2, proximal ones truncate, capitate. One lateral spine to each adambulacral plate, starting from about the 8th. Apair of gonads to each arm. Etymology. The name is originatedfrom the character ‘‘Patrick Star’’ inthe famous cartoon ‘‘SpongeBob Squarepants’’, who always spends time with his best friend ‘‘SpongeBob’’, a benthic sponge. Since all specimens of the new species were observed in situ living on sponges (Fig. 1), it was name by Patrick to reflect this curious relationship. Material examined. Holotype, RSIOAS044 (Fig. 1A), 7 arms, of which 3 attached to the disk, others detached. r = 7.5 mm, the longest broken arm measures 153 mm without the missing tip. Length of genital area 35 mm, broadest part of arm measures 7 mm. Paratype RSIOAS028 (Fig. 1B), 7 arms, including 3 regenerating ones, all attaching to the disk; r = 7 mm, the longest arm measures 153 mm, R /r = 21.9; length of genital area 36 mm, broadest part of arm measures nine mm wide. Paratype RSIOAS003 (Fig. 1C), 7 arms, all arm detached from the disk; r = 10 mm, R = 190 200 mm, R /r = 19 20; length of genital area about 50 mm, broadest part of arm 9 10 mm, at 15 20 mm from the disk. Paratype RSIOAS052 (Fig. 1D), 7 arms, r = 7.5 mm, the longest arm measures 168 mm, R /r = 22.4. Paratype MBM 286625 (Fig. 1E), 7 arms, r = 7.5 mm, R = 171 mm, R /r = 22.8; length of genital area about 33 mm, broadest part of arm 7.5 mm. Description of the holotype. Arms 7. Disk thick, elevated from the plane of arms (Figs. 2A 2C). Abactinal surface of disk covered by small rounded plates (Fig. 2G) bearing multiple sharp, thin spinelets, with few scattered pedicellariae between and at the base of the spinelets (Figs. 2C, 2F). Madreporite body locates at the margin of the disk, elliptical with a curved rift in the center (Fig. 2C). Papulae absent. Abactinal surface of arm within genital area densely covered by abutting plates of irregular scale forms. Pedicellariae scattered in the proximal region connecting disk and the genital area, not forming costae (Fig. 2C). Costae present within the genital area, about 30 in number; costae thin, densely located (two to each adambulacral plate), composed of raised band of pedicellariae (Figs. 2D 2E). Beyond the genital area, pedicellariae forms bands wider than costae, two to each adambulacrals (Fig. 2H). Apair of gonads to each arm. Each gonad with 3 6 oval pedals (Fig. 3G). Adambulacral plate in proximal area subquadrate, elongated in middle and distal part of the arms (Fig. 4). Proximally the ambulacral groove almost completely concealed by adambulacral spines (Fig. 4). The first pair of adambulacral plates on adjacent arms entirely separated by a pair of marginal plates (Figs. 3C 3D). No syzygy between proximal plates. The first pair of marginal plates unit closely with an interradial plate (Fig. 3D). Interradial plate large, nearly naked, extending to the abactinal side of disk (Fig. 2C). Proximally 2 3 marginal plates well-developed, present on the lateral side of the arm (Fig. 2C). The following marginal plates degrade to a line of protuberances on the side and corresponding to each adambulacral plates, bearing long lateral spine. Lateral spine present from about the 8th adambulacral plate, one to each plate (Figs. 3F, 4). The longest measures 15 20 mm. Adambulacral plate armature includes: (1) 2 subambulacral spines and 1 aboral furrow spine, forming a diagonal row; the outer subambulacral spine usually the largest and most robust; (2) 1 adoral furrow spine, thinner than the aboral one (Fig. 4). The first pair of adambulacral plate bear a diagonal line of 4 5 spines, two on the surface of the plate, and 2 3 smaller ones on the distal furrow corner (Figs. 3B 3D). At middle and distal part of arm, the number of subambulacral spine on each adambulacral plate reduces to 1 (Fig. 4). Proximal subambulacral spinestruncate form, capitate (Fig. 3C). The furrow spines become shorter and thinner on distal plates. All adambulacral spines bear pedicellariae, leaving only the tip of the spines naked. Mouth plate large, bearing 3 4 robust suboral spines, forming a diagonal line, similar in form with the proximal subambulacral spines (Figs. 3A 3B); 2 small furrow spines present on the aboral corner of the plate, close to the first adambulacral plate; on the oral margin, the plate bears 2 very minute spines, one pointing to the actinostome and one pointing rather to the furrow, forming a sharp angle with the former. All oral spines bear pedicellariae. Variations in paratypes. In the paratypes, adambulacral plates at middle and distal part of arm bear equal number of spines as the proximal adambulacral plates (Fig. 3F), instead of having one less subambulacral spine as in the holotype. In several undeveloped arms in the paratypes, gonads were not spotted. The shape and size of the marginal and interradial plates vary slightly in paratype RSIOAS003 (Fig. 3E). Coloration. Color in life orange (Figs. 1, 2A 2B). Distribution. Known from the northwestern Pacific Ocean, on seamounts, 1458 2125 m depth. Molecular and phylogenetic results. COI K2P distances between specimens of A. patricki sp. nov. are less than 0.003, which are considered to be intraspecific distances. A. patricki sp. nov. is closest to Brisinga species, with distances between 0.123 0.159. The topology of the Bayes tree is shown in Fig. 5 and the nodes marked by black dots are support by both Bayes tree and ML tree. This tree is overall in line with results of the previous studies (Mah & Foltz, 2011; Zhang et al., 2019). Remarks for A. patricki sp. nov. Types of A. patricki sp. nov. from different seamounts show little intraspecific divergences other than size and adambulacral spine number. The difference between A. patricki sp. nov. and the type species of the genus, A. panamensis, are listed in Table 2. Although both species are characterized by the presence of abactinal plates, in A. panamensis the plates locate between the transverse costae, whereas in A. patricki sp. nov. a mosaic of abutting plates forms the abactinal arm skeleton. The two species further differ in arm number, adambulacral spine number and distribution, as well as the number of genital organs. It should be noticed that, in Ludwig’s original description of A. panamensis, ‘‘several, consecutive pairs of branched gonads on each arm (4 5 in one male specimen)’’ were recorded, each branch has their own gonopore (Ludwig, 1905), but later when Fisher established the new genus, he described Astrolirus as having 2 4 gonads to each arm (Fisher, 1917). Whether this new description resulted from a reexamination of the type specimens was not clearly indicated (Fisher, 1917). Therefore, in this study we choose to follow Ludwig’s original descriptions when evaluate the differences between the new species and A. panamensis. In addition, A. patricki sp. nov. ischaracterized bya largenumber of suboralspines (3 4), whereas in A. panamensis, only 1 suboral spine present on each oral plate. Interestingly, in A. panamensis, some large specimens (r = 13 or 10.5 mm) have the 2 suboral spines on a pair of oral plates covered in a same membrane (Ludwig, 1905). This characteristic has only been reported in Brisinga andamanica Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 and Brisinga bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 (Alcock, 1893), whose biological function is not clear., Published as part of Zhang, Ruiyan, Zhou, Yadong, Xiao, Ning & Wang, Chunsheng, 2020, A new sponge-associated starfish, Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae), from the northwestern Pacific seamounts, pp. e 9071 in PeerJ 8 on pages 5-10, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9071, http://zenodo.org/record/4621673, {"references":["Mah C, Foltz D. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata): systematics and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3): 646 660 DOI 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00688. x.","Zhang R, Wang C, Zhou Y, Zhang H. 2019. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 154: 103163 DOI 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103163.","Ludwig H. 1905. Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 32: 97 100 [in Germany].","Fisher WK. 1917. LI. New genera and species of Brisingidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 20 120: 418 431.","Alcock A. 1893. XV Natural history notes from HM Indian marine survey Steamer ' Investigator, ' Commander CF Oldham, RN, commanding. Series II. (7) An account of the collection of deep-sea Asteroidea. Journal of Natural History 11 (62): 73 121 DOI 10.1080 / 00222939308677478."]}

Genus Astrolirus Fisher, 1917 Diagnosis to Genus. Intercostal integument covered by thin plates; the first pair of adambulacral plates do not touch by their interradial faces, but are separated by a pair of marginal plates; first pair of marginal plates unit closely with a large interradial plate in the interradial faces., Published as part of Zhang, Ruiyan, Zhou, Yadong, Xiao, Ning & Wang, Chunsheng, 2020, A new sponge-associated starfish, Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae), from the northwestern Pacific seamounts, pp. e 9071 in PeerJ 8 on page 4, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9071, http://zenodo.org/record/4621673, {"references":["Fisher WK. 1917. LI. New genera and species of Brisingidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 20 120: 418 431."]}

Seamounts are important deep ocean entities that serve as reservoirs for varied types of habitats and fauna. During the Chinese cruises in the northwestern Pacific seamount areas, a new starfish species of order Brisingida, Astrolirus patricki, was found at 1,458–2,125 m depth. All specimens of the new species were observed in situ attaching on hexactinellid sponges, suggesting a possible close relationship between the two taxa. A. patricki sp. nov. is the second known species of the genus, characterized by the abutting plates in the intercostal integument, separated first pair of adambulacral plates and densely distributed proximal spines. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted for order Brisingida to incorporate the new species as well as Hymenodiscus cf. fragilis (Fisher, 1906), Freyella cf. attenuata Sladen, 1889 and two Brisinga spp., for which we present the molecular data for the first time. Phylogenetic trees suggest a close relationship between A. patricki sp. nov. with Brisinga species rather than with Hymenodiscus species, which is inconsistent with morphological taxonomy. This study highlights the distinct morphological and ecological characters of the new species and provides new data for future investigation on Brisingida phylogeny.

Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias, Ávila, Sérgio P. (2019): The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa 4639 (1): 1-231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1

This paper presents a checklist of echinoderm species in the Adriatic Sea. The checklist is based on the review of the available literature data, with temporal coverage from the end of the 18th century to the present day, including the most recent investigations of benthic communities. A total of 108 species have been recorded: 2 species from class Crinoidea, 23 species from class Asteroidea, 22 species from class Ophiuroidea, 22 species from class Echinoidea and 39 species from class Holothuroidea. Non-indigenous echinoderm species have not been observed.

Fam: Brisingidae Hymenodiscus coronata (G. O. Sars, 1872) Material: none. Distribution: Atlantic–Mediterranean. Literature records for central and/or north Adriatic: Kolosváry (1937), Despalatović (2005). Literature records for south Adriatic (Croatia): none. Literature records for Montenegro: Gamulin-Brida (1983). Remarks: No specimens were recorded during this study.

Fam: Brisingidae Hymenodiscus coronata (G. O. Sars, 1872) Material: none. Distribution: Atlantic���Mediterranean. Literature records for central and/or north Adriatic: Kolosv��ry (1937), Despalatović (2005). Literature records for south Adriatic (Croatia): none. Literature records for Montenegro: Gamulin-Brida (1983). Remarks: No specimens were recorded during this study., Published as part of Ka����elan, Slavica, Mandi��, Sreten, Radovi��, Ivica & Krpo-��etkovi��, Jasmina, 2009, An annotated checklist of Echinodermata of Montenegro (the south Adriatic Sea), pp. 21-40 in Zootaxa 2275 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191048, {"references":["Kolosvary, G. v. (1937) Die Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik Strand, 2, 433 - 473.","Despalatovic, M. (2005) Raznolikost i rasprostranjenost bodljikasa (Echinodermata) kontinentske podine sjevernog i srednjeg Jadrana. [Diversity and distribution of echinoderms (Echinodermata) of the continental shelf of the north and central Adriatic.] PhD thesis, Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 282 pp. (in Croatian)","Gamulin-Brida, H. (1983) Crnogorsko primorje - specificni dio Jadrana s gledista bentoskih biocenoza i njihove zastite. [The Montenegrin Coast - a specific part of the Adriatic from the aspect of benthic communities and their protection.] Studia Marina, 13 - 14, 205 - 214. (in Croatian)"]}

Four new species and one new subspecies of asteroids collected by the “Siboga” Expedition in the Indo-Malayan region are described. They are deep-waterspecies belonging to the families Goniasteridae, Solasteridae, Ganeriidae, Asteriidae and Brisingidae.

A new species of the family Dendrogastridae (Ascothoracida: Crustacea) from Californian waters is described. The species is endoparasitic in asteroids of the family Brisingidae. It is placed in a new genus, intermediate in position between Bifurgaster and Dendrogaster, characterized by the absence of secondary branching and the possession of a middle piece.