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3D printed models are increasingly used to enhance understanding of complex anatomy in congenital heart disease. To assess feasibility and accuracy of 3D printed models obtained from cardiac CT scan in small pediatric population with complex congenital heart diseases. Patients with conotruncal heart anomalies aged less than 2 years old who had a cardiac CT scan in course of their follow-up were included. Cardiac CT scan datasets were used to generate 3D models. To assess model's accuracy, 4 diameters were compared for each patient between the CT images and the printed models, including the largest diameters (Dmax) of ventricular septal defects (VSD) and aortic annulus (AA) and their minimal diameters (Dmin). Images of 14 patients were obtained. Mean age was 5.5 months (1-24 months), mean weight was 6.7 kg (3.4-14.5 kg). 3D models were obtained in all patients. Mean measurement difference between CT image and 3D model was 0.13 mm for Dmin and 0.12 mm for Dmax for VSD diameters, and was 0.16 mm for Dmin and -0.13 mm for Dmax for AA diameter indicating a non-clinically significant difference (Fig. 1). 3D printed models are feasible from cardiac CT scan in small pediatric population with complex congenital heart diseases. This technique is highly accurate and reliably reflects the same structure dimensions when compared to CT source images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printed models are increasingly used to enhance understanding of complex anatomy in congenital heart disease. We aimed to assess feasibility and accuracy of 3D printed models obtained from cardiac CT scan in small pediatric population with complex congenital heart diseases. Patients with conotruncal heart anomalies aged less than 2 years old who had a cardiac CT scan in course of their follow-up were included. Cardiac CT scan datasets were used to generate 3D models. To assess model's accuracy, 4 diameters were compared for each patient between the CT images and the printed models, including the largest diameters (Dmax) of ventricular septal defects (VSD) and aortic annulus (AA) and their minimal diameters (Dmin). Images of 14 patients were obtained. Mean age was 5.5 months (1–24 months), mean weight was 6.7 kg (3.4–14.5 kg). 3D models were successfully obtained in all patients. Correlations between measurements obtained from printed models and CT images were excellent (r = 0.90 to 0.98). Mean measurement difference between CT image and 3D model was 0.13 mm for Dmin and 0.12 mm for Dmax for VSD diameters, and was 0.16 mm for Dmin and −0.13 mm for Dmax for AA diameter indicating a non-clinically significant difference (Fig. 1). 3D printed models are feasible from cardiac CT scan in small pediatric population with complex congenital heart diseases. This technic is highly accurate and reliably reflects the same structure dimensions when compared to CT source images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total shoulder arthroplasty has become a successful surgical procedure through design improvements. However, lucent lines around the glenoid component are of major concern for leading to component loosening. To better understand the mechanism causing loosening, a finite element biomechanical model of an in vivo scapula was developed. The effect of eccentric loading was analyzed on a keel glenoid and a peg glenoid implant. Results indicated that eccentric loading greatly increases stresses in the cement mantle at the bone-cement interface, and no significant difference was predicted between keel and peg implants. The results suggested that eccentric loading is a likely cause for initiation of cracks in the cement layer especially on the posterior side. Moreover, these results, compared with other studies, indicate that geometric and bone properties of the scapula may be more important factors in the success of shoulder arthroplasty than implant design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]