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Respiratory distress syndrome is the main cause of respiratory failure in premature neonates that results in high morbidity and mortality during the perinatal period. Surfactant is the main drug used to treat RDS but the primary dosing of it is still up for debate. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two doses of surfactant “Curosurf” in treating neonatal RDS. As a prospective, randomised investigation could not be completed, a retrospective review involving 73 premature infants with RDS treated with surfactant in NICU of LUHS Hospital Kaunas Clinics in 2011-2012 was conducted. Newborns were treated for respiratory distress syndrome with 88-150 mg/kg (group A) and 151-200 mg/kg (group B) of Curosurf. The duration of supplemental oxygen therapy and its methods, need for additional surfactant doses, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its severity, hospitalisation and mortality rates were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's criterion for quantitative and Chi square for qualitative characteristics. The results were considered statistically significant at p

Intubation rates were only higher in 2005 within the group of 26-28 weeks of gestational age. MV duration tended to be reduced in 2015, and CPAP tended to be increased in 2015, compared to 2005. BPD development is reduced by shorter duration of MV and given surfactant therapy. To increase the chances of survival, MV duration should be reduce and eventually be exchanged by CPAP as it has better prognostic and outcomes and it has shown statistical significance in decreasing the Mortality outcome. Also, intubation in delivery room should be reduced as possible and NICU time should adjusted to the needs of the newborns, as they both have shown great statistical significance in preventing mortality.