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5. Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to phenotype type 3 effectors impacts of Xanthosmonas on leaves

Author

Méline, Valérian, Brin, Chrystelle, Lebreton, Guillaume, Belin, Etienne, Boureau, Tristan, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), and Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

6. Quantification of biotic stresses on aerial parts of plants using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging and Image Analysis

Author

Boureau, Tristan, Rousseau, Céline, Méline, Valérian, Brin, Chrystelle, Rousseau, David, Sochard, Daniel, Anjuère, Michael, Gardet, Rémi, Belin, Etienne, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), and Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, food and beverages, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM]
Abstract

International audience; Image analysis is increasingly used in plant phenotyping. Among the various imaging techniques available for plant phenotyping, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging is particularly su itable for the imaging of biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial parts of plants. Numerous chlorophyll fluorescence parameters may be measured or calculated, but only some of them may provide useful contrasts for the quantification of a given stress on leaves. In the perspective of high throughput phenotyping of biotic stresses on plants, we developed automated procedures to identify Chlorophyll Fluorescence parameters of interest for the quantification of a given biotic stress on large image datasets. The outputs of the automated procedures enable: - the visualization of the whole dataset, by providing contact sheets for each of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter tested. - the visualization of basic statistics : radial - plot, box - plot and Mann - Whitney tests based on the mean intensity of each parameters are provided to compare the various treatments performed. - images are clustered based on histograms associated to each images, thereby enabling the clustering of images leaves displaying leaves of si milar phytosanitary status. - the objective quantification of disease incidence on each leaf tested. The quantification can discriminate varois stages of symptom development such as necrotic tissues, wilted and chlorotic tissues, and impacted tissues that do not display any symptoms visible to the eye.&nbsp

Published
2017

7. Role of the acquisition of a type 3 secretion system in the emergence of novel pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas

Author

Meline, Valérian, primary, Delage, Wesley, additional, Brin, Chrystelle, additional, Li‐Marchetti, Camille, additional, Sochard, Daniel, additional, Arlat, Matthieu, additional, Rousseau, Céline, additional, Darrasse, Armelle, additional, Briand, Martial, additional, Lebreton, Guillaume, additional, Portier, Perrine, additional, Fischer‐Le Saux, Marion, additional, Durand, Karine, additional, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, additional, Belin, Etienne, additional, and Boureau, Tristan, additional

Published
2018
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8. Recombination-prone bacterial strains form a reservoir from which epidemic clones emerge in agroecosystems

Author

MERDA, Déborah, Bonneau, Sophie, GUIMBAUD, Jean-François, Durand, Karine, Brin, Chrystelle, Boureau, Tristan, Lemaire, Christophe, Jacques, Marie Agnes, Le Saux, Marion, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

The acquisition of virulence-related genes through horizontal gene transfer can modify the pathogenic profiles of strains and lead to the emergence of new diseases. Xanthomonas arboricola is a bacterial species largely known for the damage it causes to stone and nut fruit trees worldwide. In addition to these host-specific populations called pathovars, many nonpathogenic strains have been identified in this species. Their evolutionary significance in the context of pathogen emergence is unknown. We looked at seven housekeeping genes amplified from 187 pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains isolated from various plants worldwide to analyze population genetics and recombination dynamics. We also examined the dynamics of the gains and losses of genes associated with life history traits (LHTs) during X. arboricola evolution. We discovered that X. arboricola presents an epidemic population structure. Successful pathovars of trees (i.e., pruni, corylina, and juglandis) are epidemic clones whose emergence appears to be linked to the acquisition of eight genes coding for Type III effectors. The other strains of this species are part of a recombinant network, within which LHT-associated genes might have been lost. We suggest that nonpathogenic strains, because of their high genetic diversity and propensity for recombination, may promote the emergence of pathogenic strains.

Published
2016
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9. Assessment of the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. as a basis to identify putative pathogenicity genes and a type III secretion system of the SPI-1 family by multiple suppression subtractive hybridizations

Author

Alavi, Seyed Mehdi, Sanjari, Saeideh, Durand, Fabien, Brin, Chrystelle, Manceau, Charles, and Poussier, Stephane

Subjects
DNA testing -- Usage, Fluorescence -- Analysis, Bacteria, Phytopathogenic -- Genetic aspects, Bacteria, Phytopathogenic -- Environmental aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism has shown that strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans are genetically distinct and is grouped into four genetic lineages. Virulence gene candidates are identified and homologs of type III secretion apparatus components are also detected.

Published
2008

10. Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging to phenotype the suppression by XopF1 and Hpa2 of a HR induced by non-pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas on Nicotiana benthamiana and Capsicum annuum

Author

Méline, Valérian, Rousseau, Céline, Ledroit, Lydie, Brin, Chrystelle, Arlat, Matthieu, Jacques, Marie-Agnès, Belin, Etienne, Boureau, Tristan, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Published
2016

11. Role of the acquisition of a type 3 secretion system in the emergence of novel pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas.

Author

Meline, Valérian, Delage, Wesley, Brin, Chrystelle, Li‐Marchetti, Camille, Sochard, Daniel, Arlat, Matthieu, Rousseau, Céline, Darrasse, Armelle, Briand, Martial, Lebreton, Guillaume, Portier, Perrine, Fischer‐Le Saux, Marion, Durand, Karine, Jacques, Marie‐Agnès, Belin, Etienne, and Boureau, Tristan

Subjects
XANTHOMONAS, PLANT-pathogen relationships, CROP yields, MICROBIAL virulence, PLASMIDS
Abstract

Summary: Cases of emergence of novel plant‐pathogenic strains are regularly reported that reduce the yields of crops and trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such emergence are still poorly understood. The acquisition by environmental non‐pathogenic strains of novel virulence genes by horizontal gene transfer has been suggested as a driver for the emergence of novel pathogenic strains. In this study, we tested such an hypothesis by transferring a plasmid encoding the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and four associated type 3 secreted proteins (T3SPs) to the non‐pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas CFBP 7698 and CFBP 7700, which lack genes encoding T3SS and any previously known T3SPs. The resulting strains were phenotyped on Nicotiana benthamiana using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and image analysis. Wild‐type, non‐pathogenic strains induced a hypersensitive response (HR)‐like necrosis, whereas strains complemented with T3SS and T3SPs suppressed this response. Such suppression depends on a functional T3SS. Amongst the T3SPs encoded on the plasmid, Hpa2, Hpa1 and, to a lesser extent, XopF1 collectively participate in suppression. Monitoring of the population sizes in planta showed that the sole acquisition of a functional T3SS by non‐pathogenic strains impairs growth inside leaf tissues. These results provide functional evidence that the acquisition via horizontal gene transfer of a T3SS and four T3SPs by environmental non‐pathogenic strains is not sufficient to make strains pathogenic. In the absence of a canonical effector, the sole acquisition of a T3SS seems to be counter‐selective, and further acquisition of type 3 effectors is probably needed to allow the emergence of novel pathogenic strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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12. Genome sequencing of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli CFBP4834-R reveals that flagellar motility is not a general feature of xanthomonads. [Abstract]

Author

Darrasse, Armelle, Carrere, Sébastien, Barbe, Valérie, Bourreau, Tristan, Bernal, Adriana, Bonneau, Sophie, Brin, Chrystelle, Cociancich, Stéphane, Durand, Karine, Fouteau, Stéphanie, Gagnevin, Lionel, Gouzy, Jerome, Guérin, Fabien, Guy, Endrick, Indiana, Arnaud, Koebnik, Ralf, Lauber, Emmanuelle, Munoz, Alejandra, Noel, Laurent D., Pieretti, Isabelle, Poussier, Stéphane, Pruvost, Olivier, Robene-Soustrade, Isabelle, Rott, Philippe, Royer, Monique, Szurek, Boris, van Sluys, Marie-Anne, Verdier, Valérie, Vernière, Christian, Arlat, Mathieu, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA), Pathologie Végétale (PaVé), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Résistance des plantes aux bio-agresseurs (UMR RPB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Manceau, Charles and Jacques, Marie-Agnès and Arlat, Mathieu and Lauber, Emmanuelle and Noel, Laurent D. and Gagnevin, Lionel and Pruvost, Olivier and Rott, Philippe and Royer, Monique and Koebnik, Ralf and Verdier, Valérie, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidad de Los Andes [Mérida, Venezuela] (ULA), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract

International audience; Xanthomonads are plant-associated bacteria that establish neutral, commensal or pathogenic relationships with plants. The list of common characteristics shared by all members of the genus Xanthomonas is now well established based on the entire genome sequences that are currently available and that represent various species, numerous pathovars of X. axonopodis (sensu Vauterin et al., 2000), X. oryzae and X. campestris, and many strains within some pathovars. These ?-proteobacteria are motile by a single polar flagellum. Motility is an important feature involved in biofilm formation, plant colonization and hence considered as a pathogenicity factor. X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (Xapf) is one of the causal agents of common bacterial blight of bean and 4834-R is a highly aggressive strain of this pathogen that was isolated from a seed-borne epidemic in France in 1998. We obtained a high quality assembled sequence of the genome of this strain with 454-Solexa and 2X Sanger sequencing. Housekeeping functions are conserved in this genome that shares core characteristics with genomes of other xanthomonads: the six secretion systems which have been described so far in Gram negative bacteria are all present, as well as their ubiquitous substrates or effectors and a rather usual number of mobile elements. Elements devoted to the adaptation to the environment constitute an important part of the genome with a chemotaxis island and dispersed MCPs, numerous two-component systems, and numerous TonB dependent transporters. Furthermore, numerous multidrug efflux systems and functions dedicated to biofilm formation that confer resistance to stresses are also present. An intriguing feature revealed by genome analysis is a long deletion of 35 genes (33 kbp) involved in flagellar biosynthesis. This deletion is replaced by an insertion sequence called ISXapf2. Genes such as flgB to flgL and fliC to fleQ which are involved in the flagellar structure (rod, P- and L-ring, hook, cap and filament) are absent in the genome of strain 4834-R that is not motile. Primers were designed to detect this deletion by PCR in a collection of more than 300 strains representing different species and pathovars of Xanthomonas, and less than 5% of the tested xanthomonads strains were found nonmotile because of a deletion in the flagellum gene cluster. We observed that half of the Xapf strains isolated from the same epidemic than strain 4834-R was non-motile and that this ratio was conserved in the strains colonizing the next bean seed generation. Isolation of such variants in a natural epidemic reveals that either flagellar motility is not a key function for fitness or that some complementation occurs within the bacterial population. (Résumé d'auteur)

Published
2012

13. Multilocus sequence analysis and type III effector repertoire mining provide new insights into the evolutionary history and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae

Author

Hajri, Ahmed, Brin, Chrystelle, Zhao, Shuai, David, Perrine, Feng, Jia-Xu, Koebnik, Ralf, Szurek, Boris, Verdier, Valérie, Boureau, Tristan, Poussier, Stéphane, Pathologie Végétale (PaVé), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre IRD de Montpellier, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Region Pays de la Loire, Plant Health and Environment Department of Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tunisian Government, from the Conseil General du Maineet-Loire, Tunisian Government, from INRA, and 'Bourses Doctorales en Alternance' of the French Embassy in China

Subjects
PV.-ORYZAE, TISSUE-SPECIFICITY, DNA POLYMORPHISM, CANDIDATE DETERMINANTS, BACTERIAL-BLIGHT PATHOGEN, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENOME SEQUENCE, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, PATHOVAR ORYZAE
Abstract

International audience; Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and type III effector (T3E) repertoire mining were performed to gain new insights into the genetic relatedness of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), two major bacterial pathogens of rice. Based on a collection of 45 African and Asian strains, we first sequenced and analysed three housekeeping genes by MLSA, Bayesian clustering and a median-joining network approach. Second, we investigated the distribution of 32 T3E genes, which are known to be major virulence factors of plant pathogenic bacteria, in all selected strains, by polymerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization methods. The diversity observed within housekeeping genes, as well as within T3E repertoires, clearly showed that both pathogens belong to closely related, but distinct, phylogenetic groups. Interestingly, these evolutionary groups are differentiated according to the geographical origin of the strains, suggesting that populations of Xoo and Xoc might be endemic in Africa and Asia, and thus have evolved separately. We further revealed that T3E gene repertoires of both pathogens comprise core and variable gene suites that probably have distinct roles in pathogenicity and different evolutionary histories. In this study, we carried out a functional analysis of xopO, a differential T3E gene between Xoo and Xoc, to determine the involvement of this gene in tissue specificity. Altogether, our data contribute to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of Xoo and Xoc in Africa and Asia, and provide clues for functional studies aiming to understand the virulence, host and tissue specificity of both rice pathogens.

Published
2012
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14. Comparative analysis of the XopN family in the genus Xanthomonas

Author

Rousseau, Céline, David, Perrine, Brin, Chrystelle, Manceau, Charles, Poussier, Stéphane, Boureau, Tristan, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2011

15. Evidences for selection on promoter region reveal a hidden aspect of the multifaceted evolution of the type three effector Avrbs2 in the Xanthomonas axonopodis species

Author

David, P., Hajri, Ahmed, Rousseau, C, Brin, Chrystelle, Bonneau, Sophie, Darrasse, Armelle, Jacques, Marie-Agnès, Bernal, A., Koebnik, Ralf, Hunault, G., Poussier, Stéphane, Lemaire, Christophe, Boureau, Tristan, Pathologie Végétale (PaVé), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Résistance des plantes aux bio-agresseurs (UMR RPB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2011

16. Identification of a genetic lineage within Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis as the causal agent of vertical oozing canker of Persian (English) walnut in France

Author

Hajri, Ahmed, Meyer, Damien, Delort, Francis, Guillaumes, Jacky-François, Brin, Chrystelle, Manceau, Charles, Unité de recherche Pathologie végétale et phytobactériologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité de recherches Espèces Fruitières et Vigne (UREFV)

Subjects
Identification, Xanthomonas, Xanthomonas arboricola, Polymorphisme génétique, Pouvoir pathogène, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], VERTICAL OOZING CANKER, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Symptome, BRENNERIA NIGRIFLUENS, Biologie moléculaire, MOLECULAR TYPING, JUGLANS REGIA, Chancre, FLUORESCENT-AFLP, Erwinia, SYMPTOMATOLOGY
Abstract

International audience; A new bacterial disease of Persian (English) walnut (Juglans regia) has been observed in France. This disease, called vertical oozing canker (VOC), is characterized by vertical cankers on trunks and branches of affected walnut trees with oozing exudates. To determine the aetiology of the disease, a study was carried out in 79 walnut orchards and nurseries located in southeastern and southwestern France. Bacterial analysis from diseased samples yielded 36 strains identified as Xanthomonas arboricola and 32 strains identified as Brenneria nigrifluens on the basis of biochemical tests. The causal agent of VOC was identified as X. arboricola by pathogenicity tests on walnut. Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (F-AFLP) was carried out on 36 strains of X. arboricola collected in this study, 24 strains of X. arboricola pv. juglandis isolated from walnut blight symptoms and one strain of X. arboricola pv. corylina included as an outgroup. Based on cluster analysis of F-AFLP data, most X. arboricola strains responsible for main VOC outbreaks showed a high degree of similarity, forming a cluster clearly separate from strains of X. arboricola pv. juglandis isolated from walnut blight symptoms. It is suggested that VOC is caused by a distinct genetic lineage within the pathovar juglandis of X. arboricola that is also able to cause classical bacterial blight symptoms on walnut leaves and fruits.

Published
2010
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17. The'repertoire for repertoire' hypothesis: repertoires of type three effectors may explain host specificity in Xanthomonas

Author

Hajri, Ahmed, Brin, Chrystelle, Hunault, Gilles, Lemaire, Christophe, Manceau, Charles, Poussier, Stéphane, Boureau, Tristan, Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement (DPT SPE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pathologie Végétale (PaVé), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département de Biologie, Université d'Angers (UA), ProdInra, Migration, Unité de recherche Pathologie végétale et phytobactériologie, and Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], SPECIFICITE D'HOTE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], XANTHOMONAS SPP, EFFECTEURS TYPE III, HOST SPECIFICITY, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, TYPE III EFFECTORS, PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA, REPERTOIRES OF TYPE III EFFECTORS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Host range of many plant pathogenic bacteria is restricted to one or a few host plant species reflecting a tight adaptation of bacteria to specific hosts. Two hypotheses could explain host specificity: either it can be explained by the phylogenetic position of the strains, or, alternatively, by the association of virulence genes enabling a pathological convergence of phylogenetically distant strains. In this latter hypothesis, host specificity would result from the interaction between repertoires of bacterial virulence genes and repertoires of genes involved in host surveillance systems and defences (a “repertoire for repertoire” hypothesis). To challenge these two hypotheses, we selected 132 Xanthomonas axonopodis strains representative of 18 different pathovars which display different host range. First, the phylogenetic position of each strain was determined by sequencing the housekeeping gene rpoD. This study showed that many pathovars of Xanthomonas axonopodis are polyphyletic. We thus investigated the distribution of 37 T3E genes in these strains by both PCR and hybridization methods. Our study revealed that T3E repertoires are highly variable between these strains, both in terms of T3E presence and of size of repertoires. T3E repertoires comprise both core and flexible gene suites that likely have distinct roles in pathogenicity and different evolutionary histories. Our results showed a correspondence between composition of T3E repertoires and pathovars of Xanthomonas axonopodis. For polyphyletic pathovars, this strongly suggests that T3E genes explain a pathological convergence of phylogenetically distant strains. Finally, our results support the “repertoire for repertoire” hypothesis as the molecular basis of host specificity for plant pathogenic bacteria.

Published
2009

18. Détermination des répertoires d’effecteurs de type III chez les pathovars de Xanthomonas axonopodis et analyse de leur rôle dans la spécificité d’hôte

Author

Hajri, Ahmed, Brin, Chrystelle, Hunault, Gilles, Lemaire, Christophe, Manceau, Charles, Boureau, Tristan, Poussier, Stéphane, Pathologie Végétale (PaVé), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2009

19. Les effecteurs de type III : de bons candidats pour expliquer la spécificité d'hôte chez les Xanthomonas selon une hypothèse 'répertoire pour répertoire'

Author

Hajri, Ahmed, Brin, Chrystelle, Hunault, Gilles, Lemaire, Christophe, Manceau, Charles, Poussier, Stéphane, Boureau, Tristan, Unité de recherche Pathologie végétale et phytobactériologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Département de Mathématiques Appliquées (Statistiques)/Informatique, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], SPECIFICITE D'HOTE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], XANTHOMONAS SPP, REPERTOIRE D'EFFECTEUR DE TYPE III, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, EFFECTEUR DE TYPE III
Abstract

National audience

Published
2009

20. Détermination des répertoires d’effecteurs de type III chez divers pathovars de Xanthomonas axonopodis

Author

Hajri, Ahmed, Delcourt, Suzy, Brin, Chrystelle, Manceau, Charles, Poussier, Stéphane, Boureau, Tristan, Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement (DPT SPE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pathologie Végétale (PaVé), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Département de Biologie, Université d'Angers (UA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2008

21. Genome sequence of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscansstrain 4834-R reveals that flagellar motility is not a general feature of xanthomonads

Author

Darrasse, Armelle, primary, Carrère, Sébastien, additional, Barbe, Valérie, additional, Boureau, Tristan, additional, Arrieta-Ortiz, Mario L, additional, Bonneau, Sophie, additional, Briand, Martial, additional, Brin, Chrystelle, additional, Cociancich, Stéphane, additional, Durand, Karine, additional, Fouteau, Stéphanie, additional, Gagnevin, Lionel, additional, Guérin, Fabien, additional, Guy, Endrick, additional, Indiana, Arnaud, additional, Koebnik, Ralf, additional, Lauber, Emmanuelle, additional, Munoz, Alejandra, additional, Noël, Laurent D, additional, Pieretti, Isabelle, additional, Poussier, Stéphane, additional, Pruvost, Olivier, additional, Robène-Soustrade, Isabelle, additional, Rott, Philippe, additional, Royer, Monique, additional, Serres-Giardi, Laurana, additional, Szurek, Boris, additional, van Sluys, Marie-Anne, additional, Verdier, Valérie, additional, Vernière, Christian, additional, Arlat, Matthieu, additional, Manceau, Charles, additional, and Jacques, Marie-Agnès, additional

Published
2013
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22. Genome mining reveals the genus Xanthomonas to be a promising reservoir for new bioactive non-ribosomally synthesized peptides

Author

Royer, Monique, primary, Koebnik, Ralf, additional, Marguerettaz, Mélanie, additional, Barbe, Valérie, additional, Robin, Guillaume P, additional, Brin, Chrystelle, additional, Carrere, Sébastien, additional, Gomez, Camila, additional, Hügelland, Manuela, additional, Völler, Ginka H, additional, Noëll, Julie, additional, Pieretti, Isabelle, additional, Rausch, Saskia, additional, Verdier, Valérie, additional, Poussier, Stéphane, additional, Rott, Philippe, additional, Süssmuth, Roderich D, additional, and Cociancich, Stéphane, additional

Published
2013
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23. Evolutionary History of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis

Author

Mhedbi-Hajri, Nadia, primary, Hajri, Ahmed, additional, Boureau, Tristan, additional, Darrasse, Armelle, additional, Durand, Karine, additional, Brin, Chrystelle, additional, Saux, Marion Fischer-Le, additional, Manceau, Charles, additional, Poussier, Stéphane, additional, Pruvost, Olivier, additional, Lemaire, Christophe, additional, and Jacques, Marie-Agnès, additional

Published
2013
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25. Genomic and Evolutionary Features of the SPI-1 Type III Secretion System That Is Present in Xanthomonas albilineans but Is Not Essential for Xylem Colonization and Symptom Development of Sugarcane Leaf Scald

Author

Marguerettaz, Mélanie, primary, Pieretti, Isabelle, additional, Gayral, Philippe, additional, Puig, Jérôme, additional, Brin, Chrystelle, additional, Cociancich, Stéphane, additional, Poussier, Stéphane, additional, Rott, Philippe, additional, and Royer, Monique, additional

Published
2011
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28. Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans as a Basis To Identify Putative Pathogenicity Genes and a Type III Secretion System of the SPI-1 Family by Multiple Suppression Subtractive Hybridizations

Author

Alavi, Seyed Mehdi, primary, Sanjari, Saeideh, additional, Durand, Fabien, additional, Brin, Chrystelle, additional, Manceau, Charles, additional, and Poussier, Stéphane, additional

Published
2008
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29. Genome sequence of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans strain 4834-R reveals that flagellar motility is not a general feature of xanthomonads.

Author

Darrasse, Armelle, Carrère, Sébastien, Barbe, Valérie, Boureau, Tristan, Arrieta-Ortiz, Mario L., Bonneau, Sophie, Briand, Martial, Brin, Chrystelle, Cociancich, Stéphane, Durand, Karine, Fouteau, Stéphanie, Gagnevin, Lionel, Guérin, Fabien, Guy, Endrick, Indiana, Arnaud, Koebnik, Ralf, Lauber, Emmanuelle, Munoz, Alejandra, Noël, Laurent D., and Pieretti, Isabelle

Subjects
BACTERIA, BACTERIAL genomes, BIOSYNTHESIS, FLAGELLA (Microbiology), MOTILITY of bacteria
Abstract

Background Xanthomonads are plant-associated bacteria responsible for diseases on economically important crops. Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans (Xff) is one of the causal agents of common bacterial blight of bean. In this study, the complete genome sequence of strain Xff 4834-R was determined and compared to other Xanthomonas genome sequences. Results Comparative genomics analyses revealed core characteristics shared between Xff 4834-R and other xanthomonads including chemotaxis elements, two-component systems, TonBdependent transporters, secretion systems (from T1SS to T6SS) and multiple effectors. For instance a repertoire of 29 Type 3 Effectors (T3Es) with two Transcription Activator-Like Effectors was predicted. Mobile elements were associated with major modifications in the genome structure and gene content in comparison to other Xanthomonas genomes. Notably, a deletion of 33 kbp affects flagellum biosynthesis in Xff 4834-R. The presence of a complete flagellar cluster was assessed in a collection of more than 300 strains representing different species and pathovars of Xanthomonas. Five percent of the tested strains presented a deletion in the flagellar cluster and were non-motile. Moreover, half of the Xff strains isolated from the same epidemic than 4834-R was non-motile and this ratio was conserved in the strains colonizing the next bean seed generations. Conclusions This work describes the first genome of a Xanthomonas strain pathogenic on bean and reports the existence of non-motile xanthomonads belonging to different species and pathovars. Isolation of such Xff variants from a natural epidemic may suggest that flagellar motility is not a key function for in planta fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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30. Evolutionary History of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis.

Author

Mhedbi-Hajri, Nadia, Hajri, Ahmed, Boureau, Tristan, Darrasse, Armelle, Durand, Karine, Brin, Chrystelle, Saux, Marion Fischer-Le, Manceau, Charles, Poussier, Stéphane, Pruvost, Olivier, Lemaire, Christophe, and Jacques, Marie-Agnès

Subjects
PATHOGENIC bacteria, PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms, BACTERIAL evolution, XANTHOMONAS, BACTERIAL diversity, COMMUNICABLE diseases, PLANT ecology
Abstract

Deciphering mechanisms shaping bacterial diversity should help to build tools to predict the emergence of infectious diseases. Xanthomonads are plant pathogenic bacteria found worldwide. Xanthomonas axonopodis is a genetically heterogeneous species clustering, into six groups, strains that are collectively pathogenic on a large number of plants. However, each strain displays a narrow host range. We address the question of the nature of the evolutionary processes – geographical and ecological speciation – that shaped this diversity. We assembled a large collection of X. axonopodis strains that were isolated over a long period, over continents, and from various hosts. Based on the sequence analysis of seven housekeeping genes, we found that recombination occurred as frequently as point mutation in the evolutionary history of X. axonopodis. However, the impact of recombination was about three times greater than the impact of mutation on the diversity observed in the whole dataset. We then reconstructed the clonal genealogy of the strains using coalescent and genealogy approaches and we studied the diversification of the pathogen using a model of divergence with migration. The suggested scenario involves a first step of generalist diversification that spanned over the last 25 000 years. A second step of ecology-driven specialization occurred during the past two centuries. Eventually, secondary contacts between host-specialized strains probably occurred as a result of agricultural development and intensification, allowing genetic exchanges of virulence-associated genes. These transfers may have favored the emergence of novel pathotypes. Finally, we argue that the largest ecological entity within X. axonopodis is the pathovar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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31. Evolutionary History of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis.

Author

Mhedbi-Hajri, Nadia, Hajri, Ahmed, Boureau, Tristan, Darrasse, Armelle, Durand, Karine, Brin, Chrystelle, Saux, Marion Fischer-Le, Manceau, Charles, Poussier, Stéphane, Pruvost, Olivier, Lemaire, Christophe, and Jacques, Marie-Agnès

Subjects
*PATHOGENIC bacteria, *PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms, *BACTERIAL evolution, *XANTHOMONAS, *BACTERIAL diversity, *COMMUNICABLE diseases, *PLANT ecology
Abstract

Deciphering mechanisms shaping bacterial diversity should help to build tools to predict the emergence of infectious diseases. Xanthomonads are plant pathogenic bacteria found worldwide. Xanthomonas axonopodis is a genetically heterogeneous species clustering, into six groups, strains that are collectively pathogenic on a large number of plants. However, each strain displays a narrow host range. We address the question of the nature of the evolutionary processes – geographical and ecological speciation – that shaped this diversity. We assembled a large collection of X. axonopodis strains that were isolated over a long period, over continents, and from various hosts. Based on the sequence analysis of seven housekeeping genes, we found that recombination occurred as frequently as point mutation in the evolutionary history of X. axonopodis. However, the impact of recombination was about three times greater than the impact of mutation on the diversity observed in the whole dataset. We then reconstructed the clonal genealogy of the strains using coalescent and genealogy approaches and we studied the diversification of the pathogen using a model of divergence with migration. The suggested scenario involves a first step of generalist diversification that spanned over the last 25 000 years. A second step of ecology-driven specialization occurred during the past two centuries. Eventually, secondary contacts between host-specialized strains probably occurred as a result of agricultural development and intensification, allowing genetic exchanges of virulence-associated genes. These transfers may have favored the emergence of novel pathotypes. Finally, we argue that the largest ecological entity within X. axonopodis is the pathovar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans as a Basis To Identify Putative Pathogenicity Genes and a Type III Secretion System of the SPI-1 Family by Multiple Suppression Subtractive Hybridizations

Author

Mehdi Alavi, Seyed, Sanjari, Saeideh, Durand, Fabien, Brin, Chrystelle, Manceau, Charles, and Poussier, Stéphane

Subjects
*PATHOGENIC microorganisms, *EXCRETION, *GLANDS, *BIOLOGICAL transport, *POLYMORPHISM (Zoology), *NUCLEIC acid hybridization, *NUCLEIC acids, *ZINC, *METALLOPROTEINASES, *XANTHOMONAS
Abstract

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism revealed that strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonasfuscans subsp.ftscans are genetically distinct and can be grouped into four genetic lineages. Four suppression subtractive hybridizations were then performed to isolate DNA fragments present in these bean pathogens and absent from closely related xanthomonads. Virulence gene candidates were identified such as homologs of hemagglutinins, TonB-dependent receptors, zinc-dependent metalloproteases, type III effectors, and type IV secretion system components. Unexpectedly, homologs of the type III secretion apparatus components (SPI-1 family), usually reported in animal pathogens and insect symbionts, were also detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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