229 results on '"Briko N. I."'
Search Results
2. Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma and COPD in Comorbidity with COVID-19
- Author
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Svist, P. G., primary, Torchinsky, N. V., additional, Briko, N. I., additional, and Avdeev, S. N., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessing the Epidemiological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in Countries around the World: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
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Smirnova, T. M., primary, Krut’ko, V. N., additional, Mitrokhin, O. V., additional, and Briko, N. I., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Possibilities of Detecting an Epidemic Focus of Tuberculosis Infection in an Indicator Patient with a Positive Immunological Test for Tuberculosis
- Author
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Oganezova, G. S., primary, Bogorodskaya, E. M., additional, Briko, N. I., additional, and Belilovsky, E. M., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Standards for the Epidemiological Investigation of Measles and Rubella Foci
- Author
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Tsvirkun, O. V., primary, Tikhonova, N. T., additional, Gerasimova, A. G., additional, Turaeva, N. V., additional, Barkinkhoeva, L. A., additional, and Briko, N. I., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Hepatitis B and C in Europe: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Cortesi, P, Fornari, C, Conti, S, Antonazzo, I, Ferrara, P, Ahmed, A, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Artamonov, A, Banach, M, Baravelli, C, Barnighausen, T, Bhagavathula, A, Briko, N, Calina, D, Carreras, G, Chung, S, Dianatinasab, M, Dubljanin, E, Durojaiye, O, Ezeonwumelu, I, Fagbamigbe, A, Fischer, F, Gallus, S, Glushkova, E, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Hassan, S, Hay, S, Hostiuc, M, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jamshidi, E, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, Z, Kauppila, J, Khalilov, R, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Koyanagi, A, La Vecchia, C, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Levi, M, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Matthews, P, Mentis, A, Mestrovic, T, Moazen, B, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Mulita, F, Murray, C, Negoi, I, Oancea, B, Palladino, C, Patel, J, Petcu, I, Postma, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Romero-Rodriguez, E, Santric-Milicevic, M, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tampa, M, Taveira, N, Thiyagarajan, A, Tovani-Palone, M, Westerman, R, Zastrozhin, M, Mazzaglia, G, Mantovani, L, Cortesi P. A., Fornari C., Conti S., Antonazzo I. C., Ferrara P., Ahmed A., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Artamonov A. A., Banach M., Baravelli C. M., Barnighausen T. W., Bhagavathula A. S., Briko N. I., Calina D., Carreras G., Chung S. -C., Dianatinasab M., Dubljanin E., Durojaiye O. C., Ezeonwumelu I. J., Fagbamigbe A. F., Fischer F., Gallus S., Glushkova E. V., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Hassan S., Hay S. I., Hostiuc M., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Jakovljevic M., Jamshidi E., Jozwiak J. J., Kabir Z., Kauppila J. H., Khalilov R., Khan M. A., Khatab K., Koyanagi A., La Vecchia C., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Levi M., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., Matthews P. C., Mentis A. -F. A., Mestrovic T., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Mulita F., Murray C. J. L., Negoi I., Oancea B., Palladino C., Patel J., Petcu I. -R., Postma M. J., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Romero-Rodriguez E., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tampa M., Taveira N., Thiyagarajan A., Tovani-Palone M. R., Westerman R., Zastrozhin M. S., Mazzaglia G., Mantovani L. G., Cortesi, P, Fornari, C, Conti, S, Antonazzo, I, Ferrara, P, Ahmed, A, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Artamonov, A, Banach, M, Baravelli, C, Barnighausen, T, Bhagavathula, A, Briko, N, Calina, D, Carreras, G, Chung, S, Dianatinasab, M, Dubljanin, E, Durojaiye, O, Ezeonwumelu, I, Fagbamigbe, A, Fischer, F, Gallus, S, Glushkova, E, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Hassan, S, Hay, S, Hostiuc, M, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jamshidi, E, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, Z, Kauppila, J, Khalilov, R, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Koyanagi, A, La Vecchia, C, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Levi, M, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Matthews, P, Mentis, A, Mestrovic, T, Moazen, B, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Mulita, F, Murray, C, Negoi, I, Oancea, B, Palladino, C, Patel, J, Petcu, I, Postma, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Romero-Rodriguez, E, Santric-Milicevic, M, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tampa, M, Taveira, N, Thiyagarajan, A, Tovani-Palone, M, Westerman, R, Zastrozhin, M, Mazzaglia, G, Mantovani, L, Cortesi P. A., Fornari C., Conti S., Antonazzo I. C., Ferrara P., Ahmed A., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Artamonov A. A., Banach M., Baravelli C. M., Barnighausen T. W., Bhagavathula A. S., Briko N. I., Calina D., Carreras G., Chung S. -C., Dianatinasab M., Dubljanin E., Durojaiye O. C., Ezeonwumelu I. J., Fagbamigbe A. F., Fischer F., Gallus S., Glushkova E. V., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Hassan S., Hay S. I., Hostiuc M., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Jakovljevic M., Jamshidi E., Jozwiak J. J., Kabir Z., Kauppila J. H., Khalilov R., Khan M. A., Khatab K., Koyanagi A., La Vecchia C., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Levi M., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., Matthews P. C., Mentis A. -F. A., Mestrovic T., Moazen B., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Mulita F., Murray C. J. L., Negoi I., Oancea B., Palladino C., Patel J., Petcu I. -R., Postma M. J., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Romero-Rodriguez E., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tampa M., Taveira N., Thiyagarajan A., Tovani-Palone M. R., Westerman R., Zastrozhin M. S., Mazzaglia G., and Mantovani L. G.
- Abstract
Background: In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted the resolution to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. This study aims to provide an overview of the burdens of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Europe and their changes from 2010 to 2019 using estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used GBD 2019 estimates of the burden associated with HBV-related and HCV-related diseases: acute hepatitis, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and liver cancer. We report total numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 for mortality, prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2010 to 2019. For each HBV-related and HCV-related disease and each measure, we analysed temporal changes and percentage changes for the 2010–19 period. Findings: In 2019, across all age groups, there were an estimated 2·08 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·66 to 2·54) incident cases of acute hepatitis B and 0·49 million (0·42 to 0·57) of hepatitis C in Europe. There were an estimated 8·24 million (7·56 to 8·88) prevalent cases of HBV-related cirrhosis and 11·87 million (9·77 to 14·41) of HCV-related cirrhosis, with 24·92 thousand (19·86 to 31·03) deaths due to HBV-related cirrhosis and 36·89 thousand (29·94 to 45·56) deaths due to HCV-related cirrhosis. Deaths were estimated at 9·00 thousand (6·88 to 11·62) due to HBV-related liver cancer and 23·07 thousand (18·95 to 27·31) due to HCV-related liver cancer. Between 2010 and 2019, the age-standardised incidence rate of acute hepatitis B decreased (–22·14% [95% UI –35·44 to –5·98]) as did its age-standardised mortality rate (–33·27% [–43·03 to –25·49]); the age-standardised prevalence rate (–20·60% [–22·09 to –19·10]) and mortality rate (–33·19% [–37·82 to –28·13]) of HBV-related cirrhosis also decreased in this time period. The age-standardised incidence rate of acute hepatitis C decreased by 3·24% (1·17 to 5·02) and its age-standa
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- 2023
7. The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories : a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019
- Author
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da Cunha, A. R. (Amanda Ramos), Compton, K. (Kelly), Xu, R. (Rixing), Mishra, R. (Rashmi), Drangsholt, M. T. (Mark Thomas), Antunes, J. L. (Jose Leopoldo Ferreira), Kerr, A. R. (Alexander R.), Acheson, A. R. (Alistair R.), Lu, D. (Dan), Wallace, L. E. (Lindsey E.), Kocarnik, J. M. (Jonathan M.), Fu, W. (Weijia), Dean, F. E. (Frances E.), Pennini, A. (Alyssa), Henrikson, H. J. (Hannah Jacqueline), Alam, T. (Tahiya), Ababneh, E. (Emad), Abd-Elsalam, S. (Sherief), Abdoun, M. (Meriem), Abidi, H. (Hassan), Abubaker Ali, H. (Hiwa), Abu-Gharbieh, E. (Eman), Adane, T. D. (Tigist Demssew), Addo, I. Y. (Isaac Yeboah), Ahmad, A. (Aqeel), Ahmad, S. (Sajjad), Ahmed Rashid, T. (Tarik), Akonde, M. (Maxwell), Al Hamad, H. (Hanadi), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Alimohamadi, Y. (Yousef), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Al-Maweri, S. A. (Sadeq Ali), Alsharif, U. (Ubai), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Anwar, S. L. (Sumadi Lukman), Anyasodor, A. E. (Anayochukwu Edward), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aravkin, A. Y. (Aleksandr Y.), Aruleba, R. T. (Raphael Taiwo), Asaad, M. (Malke), Ashraf, T. (Tahira), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Attia, S. (Sameh), Azadnajafabad, S. (Sina), Azangou-Khyavy, M. (Mohammadreza), Badar, M. (Muhammad), Baghcheghi, N. (Nayereh), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bardhan, M. (Mainak), Barqawi, H. J. (Hiba Jawdat), Bashir, N. Z. (Nasir Z.), Bashiri, A. (Azadeh), Benzian, H. (Habib), Bernabe, E. (Eduardo), Bhagat, D. S. (Devidas S.), Bhojaraja, V. S. (Vijayalakshmi S.), Bjorge, T. (Tone), Bouaoud, S. (Souad), Braithwaite, D. (Dejana), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Calina, D. (Daniela), Carreras, G. (Giulia), Chakraborty, P. A. (Promit Ananyo), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chaurasia, A. (Akhilanand), Chen, M. X. (Meng Xuan), Cho, W. C. (William C. S.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Chukwu, I. S. (Isaac Sunday), Chung, E. (Eunice), Cruz-Martins, N. (Natalia), Dadras, O. (Omid), Dai, X. (Xiaochen), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Daneshpajouhnejad, P. (Parnaz), Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R. (Reza), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Debela, S. A. (Sisay Abebe), Derbew Molla, M. (Meseret), Dessalegn, F. N. (Fikadu Nugusu), Dianati-Nasab, M. (Mostafa), Digesa, L. E. (Lankamo Ena), Dixit, S. G. (Shilpi Gupta), Dixit, A. (Abhinav), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), El Sayed, I. (Iman), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Enyew, D. B. (Daniel Berhanie), Erku, D. A. (Daniel Asfaw), Ezzeddini, R. (Rana), Fagbamigbe, A. F. (Adeniyi Francis), Falzone, L. (Luca), Fetensa, G. (Getahun), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gaewkhiew, P. (Piyada), Gallus, S. (Silvano), Gebrehiwot, M. (Mesfin), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Golechha, M. (Mahaveer), Goleij, P. (Pouya), Gomez, R. S. (Ricardo Santiago), Gorini, G. (Giuseppe), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre Luiz Sena), Gupta, B. (Bhawna), Gupta, S. (Sapna), Gupta, V. B. (Veer Bala), Gupta, V. K. (Vivek Kumar), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Halboub, E. S. (Esam S.), Halwani, R. (Rabih), Hanif, A. (Asif), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Harorani, M. (Mehdi), Hasani, H. (Hamidreza), Hassan, A. M. (Abbas M.), Hassanipour, S. (Soheil), Hassen, M. B. (Mohammed Bheser), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Hayat, K. (Khezar), Herrera-Serna, B. Y. (Brenda Yuliana), Holla, R. (Ramesh), Horita, N. (Nobuyuki), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hussain, S. (Salman), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, I. M. (Irena M.), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Isola, G. (Gaetano), Jaiswal, A. (Abhishek), Jani, C. T. (Chinmay T.), Javaheri, T. (Tahereh), Jayarajah, U. (Umesh), Jayaram, S. (Shubha), Joseph, N. (Nitin), Kadashetti, V. (Vidya), Kandaswamy, E. (Eswar), Karanth, S. D. (Shama D.), Karaye, I. M. (Ibraheem M.), Kauppila, J. H. (Joonas H.), Kaur, H. (Harkiran), Keykhaei, M. (Mohammad), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khajuria, H. (Himanshu), Khanali, J. (Javad), Khatib, M. N. (Mahalaqua Nazli), Khayat Kashani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Khazeei Tabari, M. A. (Mohammad Amin), Kim, M. S. (Min Seo), Kompani, F. (Farzad), Koohestani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kurmi, O. P. (Om P.), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Landires, I. (Ivan), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Ledda, C. (Caterina), Lee, Y. H. (Yo Han), Libra, M. (Massimo), Lim, S. S. (Stephen S.), Listl, S. (Stefan), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Mafi, A. R. (Ahmad R.), Mahumud, R. A. (Rashidul Alam), Malik, A. A. (Ahmad Azam), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Maulud, S. Q. (Sazan Qadir), Meena, J. K. (Jitendra Kumar), Mehrabi Nasab, E. (Entezar), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Mirfakhraie, R. (Reza), Misganaw, A. (Awoke), Misra, S. (Sanjeev), Mithra, P. (Prasanna), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammadi, M. (Mokhtar), Mohammadi, E. (Esmaeil), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moni, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morrison, S. D. (Shane Douglas), Mozaffari, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Mubarik, S. (Sumaira), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Nair, T. S. (Tapas Sadasivan), Narasimha Swamy, S. (Sreenivas), Narayana, A. I. (Aparna Ichalangod), Nassereldine, H. (Hasan), Natto, Z. S. (Zuhair S.), Nayak, B. P. (Biswa Prakash), Negru, S. M. (Serban Mircea), Nggada, H. A. (Haruna Asura), Nouraei, H. (Hasti), Nunez-Samudio, V. (Virginia), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Omar Bali, A. (Ahmed), Padron-Monedero, A. (Alicia), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pandey, A. (Anamika), Pardhan, S. (Shahina), Patel, J. (Jay), Pezzani, R. (Raffaele), Piracha, Z. Z. (Zahra Zahid), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radhakrishnan, V. (Venkatraman), Radhakrishnan, R. A. (Raghu Anekal), Rahmani, A. M. (Amir Masoud), Rahmanian, V. (Vahid), Rao, C. R. (Chythra R.), Rao, S. J. (Sowmya J.), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawassizadeh, R. (Reza), Razeghinia, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Rezaei, N. (Nazila), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezaei, N. (Nima), Rezapour, A. (Aziz), Riad, A. (Abanoub), Roberts, T. J. (Thomas J.), Romero-Rodriguez, E. (Esperanza), Roshandel, G. (Gholamreza), Manjula, S. (S.), Chandan, S. N. (S. N.), Saddik, B. (Basema), Saeb, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Saeed, U. (Umar), Safaei, M. (Mohsen), Sahebazzamani, M. (Maryam), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Salek Farrokhi, A. (Amir), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sekerija, M. (Mario), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Seylani, A. (Allen), Shafaat, O. (Omid), Shahsavari, H. R. (Hamid R.), Shamsoddin, E. (Erfan), Sharew, M. M. (Mequannent Melaku), Sharifi-Rad, J. (Javad), Shetty, J. K. (Jeevan K.), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), da Cunha, A. R. (Amanda Ramos), Compton, K. (Kelly), Xu, R. (Rixing), Mishra, R. (Rashmi), Drangsholt, M. T. (Mark Thomas), Antunes, J. L. (Jose Leopoldo Ferreira), Kerr, A. R. (Alexander R.), Acheson, A. R. (Alistair R.), Lu, D. (Dan), Wallace, L. E. (Lindsey E.), Kocarnik, J. M. (Jonathan M.), Fu, W. (Weijia), Dean, F. E. (Frances E.), Pennini, A. (Alyssa), Henrikson, H. J. (Hannah Jacqueline), Alam, T. (Tahiya), Ababneh, E. (Emad), Abd-Elsalam, S. (Sherief), Abdoun, M. (Meriem), Abidi, H. (Hassan), Abubaker Ali, H. (Hiwa), Abu-Gharbieh, E. (Eman), Adane, T. D. (Tigist Demssew), Addo, I. Y. (Isaac Yeboah), Ahmad, A. (Aqeel), Ahmad, S. (Sajjad), Ahmed Rashid, T. (Tarik), Akonde, M. (Maxwell), Al Hamad, H. (Hanadi), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Alimohamadi, Y. (Yousef), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Al-Maweri, S. A. (Sadeq Ali), Alsharif, U. (Ubai), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Anwar, S. L. (Sumadi Lukman), Anyasodor, A. E. (Anayochukwu Edward), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aravkin, A. Y. (Aleksandr Y.), Aruleba, R. T. (Raphael Taiwo), Asaad, M. (Malke), Ashraf, T. (Tahira), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Attia, S. (Sameh), Azadnajafabad, S. (Sina), Azangou-Khyavy, M. (Mohammadreza), Badar, M. (Muhammad), Baghcheghi, N. (Nayereh), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bardhan, M. (Mainak), Barqawi, H. J. (Hiba Jawdat), Bashir, N. Z. (Nasir Z.), Bashiri, A. (Azadeh), Benzian, H. (Habib), Bernabe, E. (Eduardo), Bhagat, D. S. (Devidas S.), Bhojaraja, V. S. (Vijayalakshmi S.), Bjorge, T. (Tone), Bouaoud, S. (Souad), Braithwaite, D. (Dejana), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Calina, D. (Daniela), Carreras, G. (Giulia), Chakraborty, P. A. (Promit Ananyo), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chaurasia, A. (Akhilanand), Chen, M. X. (Meng Xuan), Cho, W. C. (William C. S.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Chukwu, I. S. (Isaac Sunday), Chung, E. (Eunice), Cruz-Martins, N. (Natalia), Dadras, O. (Omid), Dai, X. (Xiaochen), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Daneshpajouhnejad, P. (Parnaz), Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R. (Reza), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Debela, S. A. (Sisay Abebe), Derbew Molla, M. (Meseret), Dessalegn, F. N. (Fikadu Nugusu), Dianati-Nasab, M. (Mostafa), Digesa, L. E. (Lankamo Ena), Dixit, S. G. (Shilpi Gupta), Dixit, A. (Abhinav), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), El Sayed, I. (Iman), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Enyew, D. B. (Daniel Berhanie), Erku, D. A. (Daniel Asfaw), Ezzeddini, R. (Rana), Fagbamigbe, A. F. (Adeniyi Francis), Falzone, L. (Luca), Fetensa, G. (Getahun), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gaewkhiew, P. (Piyada), Gallus, S. (Silvano), Gebrehiwot, M. (Mesfin), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Golechha, M. (Mahaveer), Goleij, P. (Pouya), Gomez, R. S. (Ricardo Santiago), Gorini, G. (Giuseppe), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre Luiz Sena), Gupta, B. (Bhawna), Gupta, S. (Sapna), Gupta, V. B. (Veer Bala), Gupta, V. K. (Vivek Kumar), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Halboub, E. S. (Esam S.), Halwani, R. (Rabih), Hanif, A. (Asif), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Harorani, M. (Mehdi), Hasani, H. (Hamidreza), Hassan, A. M. (Abbas M.), Hassanipour, S. (Soheil), Hassen, M. B. (Mohammed Bheser), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Hayat, K. (Khezar), Herrera-Serna, B. Y. (Brenda Yuliana), Holla, R. (Ramesh), Horita, N. (Nobuyuki), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hussain, S. (Salman), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, I. M. (Irena M.), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Isola, G. (Gaetano), Jaiswal, A. (Abhishek), Jani, C. T. (Chinmay T.), Javaheri, T. (Tahereh), Jayarajah, U. (Umesh), Jayaram, S. (Shubha), Joseph, N. (Nitin), Kadashetti, V. (Vidya), Kandaswamy, E. (Eswar), Karanth, S. D. (Shama D.), Karaye, I. M. (Ibraheem M.), Kauppila, J. H. (Joonas H.), Kaur, H. (Harkiran), Keykhaei, M. (Mohammad), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khajuria, H. (Himanshu), Khanali, J. (Javad), Khatib, M. N. (Mahalaqua Nazli), Khayat Kashani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Khazeei Tabari, M. A. (Mohammad Amin), Kim, M. S. (Min Seo), Kompani, F. (Farzad), Koohestani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kurmi, O. P. (Om P.), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Landires, I. (Ivan), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Ledda, C. (Caterina), Lee, Y. H. (Yo Han), Libra, M. (Massimo), Lim, S. S. (Stephen S.), Listl, S. (Stefan), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Mafi, A. R. (Ahmad R.), Mahumud, R. A. (Rashidul Alam), Malik, A. A. (Ahmad Azam), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Maulud, S. Q. (Sazan Qadir), Meena, J. K. (Jitendra Kumar), Mehrabi Nasab, E. (Entezar), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Mirfakhraie, R. (Reza), Misganaw, A. (Awoke), Misra, S. (Sanjeev), Mithra, P. (Prasanna), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammadi, M. (Mokhtar), Mohammadi, E. (Esmaeil), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moni, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morrison, S. D. (Shane Douglas), Mozaffari, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Mubarik, S. (Sumaira), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Nair, T. S. (Tapas Sadasivan), Narasimha Swamy, S. (Sreenivas), Narayana, A. I. (Aparna Ichalangod), Nassereldine, H. (Hasan), Natto, Z. S. (Zuhair S.), Nayak, B. P. (Biswa Prakash), Negru, S. M. (Serban Mircea), Nggada, H. A. (Haruna Asura), Nouraei, H. (Hasti), Nunez-Samudio, V. (Virginia), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Omar Bali, A. (Ahmed), Padron-Monedero, A. (Alicia), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pandey, A. (Anamika), Pardhan, S. (Shahina), Patel, J. (Jay), Pezzani, R. (Raffaele), Piracha, Z. Z. (Zahra Zahid), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radhakrishnan, V. (Venkatraman), Radhakrishnan, R. A. (Raghu Anekal), Rahmani, A. M. (Amir Masoud), Rahmanian, V. (Vahid), Rao, C. R. (Chythra R.), Rao, S. J. (Sowmya J.), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawassizadeh, R. (Reza), Razeghinia, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Rezaei, N. (Nazila), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezaei, N. (Nima), Rezapour, A. (Aziz), Riad, A. (Abanoub), Roberts, T. J. (Thomas J.), Romero-Rodriguez, E. (Esperanza), Roshandel, G. (Gholamreza), Manjula, S. (S.), Chandan, S. N. (S. N.), Saddik, B. (Basema), Saeb, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Saeed, U. (Umar), Safaei, M. (Mohsen), Sahebazzamani, M. (Maryam), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Salek Farrokhi, A. (Amir), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sekerija, M. (Mario), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Seylani, A. (Allen), Shafaat, O. (Omid), Shahsavari, H. R. (Hamid R.), Shamsoddin, E. (Erfan), Sharew, M. M. (Mequannent Melaku), Sharifi-Rad, J. (Javad), Shetty, J. K. (Jeevan K.), and Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.)
- Abstract
Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000–401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000–217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000‐180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000–126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0‐6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9‐3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%‐62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%‐21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%‐48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%‐46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the
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- 2023
8. Vaccination in aged patients: breaking barriers. The impact of educational programs
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Eruslanova, K. A., primary, Yatsenko, D. A., additional, Sharashkina, N. V., additional, Matchekhina, L. V., additional, Frolova, E. V., additional, Drozdova, L. Yu., additional, Drapkina, O. M., additional, Runikhina, N. K., additional, Kotovskaya, Yu. V., additional, Kostinov, M. P., additional, Namazova-Baranova, L. S., additional, Tkacheva, O. N., additional, and Briko, N. I., additional
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- 2022
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9. Cost-Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
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Rudakova, A. V., primary, Briko, N. I., additional, Lobzin, Yu. V., additional, Namazova-Baranova, I. S., additional, Avdeev, S. N., additional, Korshunov, V. A., additional, Kostinov, M. P., additional, Ignatova, G. I., additional, Blinova, E. V., additional, Kontsevaya, A. V., additional, Shepel, R. V., additional, Drozdova, I. Yu., additional, and Drapkina, O. M., additional
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- 2022
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10. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during different pandemic periods in Moscow
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Briko, N. I., primary, Korshunov, V. A., additional, Krasnova, S. V., additional, Protsenko, D. N., additional, Glazovskaya, L. S., additional, Gostishchev, R. V., additional, Saltykova, T. S., additional, Chernyavskaya, O. P., additional, Pozdnyakov, A. A., additional, Labanovich, V. V., additional, and Kaneev, A. I., additional
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- 2022
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11. Increasing population adherence to vaccination: evaluation and a systematic approach to implementation
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Plakida, A. V., primary, Briko, N. I., additional, Namazova-Baranova, L. S., additional, Feldblyum, I. V., additional, Los’, N. A., additional, and Ivanova, E. S., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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12. Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
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Tyrovolas, S, Stergachis, A, Krish, V, Chang, A, Skirbekk, V, Dieleman, J, Chatterji, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu Haimed, A, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, G, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almulhim, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Aminorroaya, A, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, 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Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Deeba, F, De Leo, D, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias Da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, Ehrlich, J, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Eshrati, B, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Etisso, A, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Franklin, R, Freitas, M, Gad, M, Gallus, S, Gamkrelidze, A, Gebre, A, Gebremeskel, L, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghanei Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gholamian, A, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Gine-Vazquez, I, Giussani, G, Glagn, M, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Goharinezhad, S, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, 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Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Kneib, C, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, J, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, La Vecchia, C, Leasher, J, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Levey, A, Levi, M, Li, S, Linn, S, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, S, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Massano, J, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Mereke, A, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Molassiotis, A, Momen, N, Mondello, S, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Mousavi, S, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muriithi, M, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nikbakhsh, R, Nnaji, C, Nojomi, M, Nomura, S, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ostojic, S, Ot oiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, M, Padubidri, J, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Pasupula, D, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pearson-Stuttard, J, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, 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S., Chang A. Y., Skirbekk V., Dieleman J. L., Chatterji S., Abd-Allah F., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A. E., Abreu L. G., Abrigo M. R. M., Abu Haimed A. K., Adabi M., Adebayo O. M., Adedeji I. A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Adham D., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Agarwal G., Aghaali M., Aghamir S. M. K., Agrawal A., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi M., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemi R. O., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F. M., Alanzi T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal J. E., Alemu B. W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R. K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alla F., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almulhim A. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Aminorroaya A., Amiri F., Amit A. M. L., Amugsi D. A., Anbesu E. W., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Androudi S., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonio C. A. T., Antony B., Anvari D., Anwer R., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arnlov J., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A. A., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Ausloos F., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayano G., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A., Azari S., Azene Z. N., Babaee E., Badiye A. D., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S. K., Banik P. C., Barker-Collo S. L., Basu S., Baune B. T., Bayati M., Baye B. A., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bejot Y., Bell M. L., Bensenor I. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z. A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birihane B. M., Biswas A., Bjorge T., Bohlouli S., Bolla S. R., Boloor A., Boufous S., Braithwaite D., Brenner H., Briggs A. M., Briko N. I., Britton G. B., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z. A., Caetano Dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castelpietra G., Castro F., Cerin E., Cevik M., Chandan J. S., Chang A. R., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chaturvedi S., Chavan P. P., Chen S., Cherbuin N., Chin K. L., Cho D. Y., Chowdhury M. A. K., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Chung M. T., Ciobanu L. G., Costa V. M., Cousin E., Criqui M. H., Cross M., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Das J. K., Das Gupta R., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Leo D., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dervenis N., Desai R., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhungana G. P., Dianatinasab M., Dias Da Silva D., Diaz D., Dichgans M., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Edvardsson D., Effiong A., Ehrlich J. R., Elgendy I. Y., El-Jaafary S. I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Etisso A. E., Faris P. S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V. L., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Ferreira M. L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foigt N. A., Folayan M. O., Fomenkov A. A., Foroutan M., Franklin R. C., Freitas M., Gad M. M., Gallus S., Gamkrelidze A., Gebre A. K., Gebremeskel L. G., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghanei Gheshlagh R., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamian A., Gill T. K., Gillum R. F., Gine-Vazquez I., Giussani G., Glagn M., Gnedovskaya E. V., Godinho M. A., Goharinezhad S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart A. C., Grivna M., Gugnani H. C., Guimaraes R. A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gutierrez R. A., Hafiz A., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Haririan H., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Hendrie D., Herteliu C., Ho H. C., Hoang C. L., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam M. M., Iso H., Ivers R. Q., Iwu C. J., Iwu C. C. D., Jaafari J., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Janjani H., Janodia M. D., Javaheri T., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Ji J. S., John O., Jonas J. B., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Kayode G. A., Kazemi Karyani A., Khader Y. S., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan E. A., Khatab K., Khatib M. N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaie H., Khoja A. T., Kim Y. -E., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kneib C. J., Kochhar S., Koolivand A., Kopec J. A., Kotlo A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kumar M., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lal D. K., Lalloo R., Lallukka T., Lam J. O., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lansingh V. C., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., La Vecchia C., Leasher J. L., Lebedev G., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Levey A. S., Levi M., Li S., Linn S., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lozano R., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Madadin M., Maddison R., Mahasha P. W., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki S., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Manafi N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Martini S., Martins-Melo F. R., Masoumi S. Z., Massano J., Maulik P. K., Mazidi M., Mcgrath J. J., Mckee M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehri F., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mensah G. A., Mereke A., Meretoja T. J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mitchell P. B., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Molassiotis A., Momen N. C., Mondello S., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Mori R., Mousavi S. M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U. O., Mukhopadhyay S., Muriithi M. K., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M. D., Najafi F., Nansseu J. R., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Neupane S., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nikbakhsh R., Nnaji C. A., Nojomi M., Nomura S., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Ogbo F. A., Oh I. -H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Ostojic S. M., Ot oiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Mahesh M. A., Padubidri J. R., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panelo C. I. A., Pasupula D. K., Pazoki Toroudi H., Pearson-Stuttard J., Peden A. E., Pepito V. C. F., Peprah E. K., Pereira J., Pesudovs K., Pham H. Q., Phillips M. R., Pilgrim T., Pinheiro M., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Polibin R. V., Polinder S., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prada S. I., Prakash S., Pribadi D. R. A., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M. A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C. L., Ranta A., Rao S. J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A. M. N., Reshmi B., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S. F., Saadatagah S., Sabour S., Sachdev P. S., Sadeghi M., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salam N., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salman O. M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanchez Riera L., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shakhnazarova M., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M. B., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Shetty B. S. K., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shuval K., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva J. P., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Singh P., Singh A., Sinha D. N., Skou So. T., Skryabin V. Y., Smith E. U. R., Sobhiyeh M. R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Soriano J. B., Soyiri I. N., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Stein D. J., Stockfelt L., Stokes M. A., Stranges S., Stubbs J. L., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Suleria H. A. R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sulo G., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B. W., Taherkhani A., Tajdini M., Tareque M. I., Tefera Y. G., Temsah M. -H., Tessema Z. T., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thrift A. G., Titova M. V., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R. S., Tsai A. C., Tsatsakis A., Uddin R., Ullah S., Umeokonkwo C. D., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Valdez P. R., Van Donkelaar A., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wang Y. -P., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weiss J., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wolfe C. D. A., Wu A. -M., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y. G., Yimmer M. Z., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhu C., Kotsakis G. A., Kassebaum N. J., Tyrovolas, S, Stergachis, A, Krish, V, Chang, A, Skirbekk, V, Dieleman, J, Chatterji, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu Haimed, A, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, G, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almulhim, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Aminorroaya, A, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, 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Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Kneib, C, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Kotlo, A, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, J, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, La Vecchia, C, Leasher, J, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Levey, A, Levi, M, Li, S, Linn, S, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, S, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Massano, J, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Mereke, A, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Molassiotis, A, Momen, N, Mondello, S, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Mousavi, S, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muriithi, M, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nikbakhsh, R, Nnaji, C, Nojomi, M, Nomura, S, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ostojic, S, Ot oiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, M, Padubidri, J, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Pasupula, D, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pearson-Stuttard, J, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, 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S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wang Y. -P., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weiss J., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wolfe C. D. A., Wu A. -M., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y. G., Yimmer M. Z., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S. S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhao X. -J. G., Zhu C., Kotsakis G. A., and Kassebaum N. J.
- Abstract
Objectives To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors. Design Systematic analysis. Setting Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Main outcomes measures Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods. Results Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks. Conclusions Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervention
- Published
- 2022
13. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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F., Shaker E., Shannawaz M., Sharew M. M. S., Sharifi A., Sharifi-Rad J., Sharma P., Shashamo B. B., Sheikh A., Sheikh M., Sheikhbahaei S., Sheikhi R. A., Sheikhy A., Shepherd P. R., Shetty A., Shetty J. K., Shetty R. S., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shirzad-Aski H., Shivakumar K. M., Shivalli S., Shivarov V., Shobeiri P., Shokri Varniab Z., Shorofi S. A., Shrestha S., Sibhat M. M., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Sidemo N. B., Silva D. A. S., Silva L. M. L. R., Silva Julian G., Silvestris N., Simegn W., Singh A. D., Singh A., Singh G., Singh H., Singh J. A., Singh J. K., Singh P., Singh S., Sinha D. N., Sinke A. H., Siraj M. S., Sitas F., Siwal S. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Socea B., Soeberg M. J., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Solomon Y., Soltani-Zangbar M. S., Song S., Song Y., Sorensen R. J. D., Soshnikov S., Sotoudeh H., Sowe A., Sufiyan M. B., Suk R., Suleman M., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sultana S., Sur D., Szocska M., Tabaeian S. P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabatabaei S. M., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taheri E., Taheri M., Taheri Soodejani M., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tavakoli A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F. H., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Thomas N. K., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tiyuri A., Tollosa D. N., Topor-Madry R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Ukke G. G., Ullah I., Ullah S., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vardavas C., Varthya S. B., Vaziri S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Villeneuve P. J., Violante F. S., Vladimirov S. K., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu L. G., Wadood A. W., Waheed Y., Walde M. T., Wamai R. G., Wang C., Wang F., Wang N., Wang Y., Ward P., Waris A., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Woldemariam M., Woldu B., Xiao H., Xu S., Xu X., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yazdanpanah F., Yeshaw Y., Yismaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefian F., Yu C., Yu Y., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki N., Zaman B. A., Zangiabadian M., Zare F., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeineddine M. A., Zhang D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhou L., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Vos T., Hay S. I., Force L. M., and Murray C. J. L.
- Abstract
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [2
- Published
- 2022
14. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, 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S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. 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S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., Dirac M. A., Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Ismail, N, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, R, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Kassa, B, Kemp Bohan, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, A, Khatib, M, Khodadost, M, Khoja, A, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, H, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kocarnik, J, Kolahi, A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, G, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, D, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, S, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Maclachlan, J, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Minh, L, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, E, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nejadghaderi, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Ngwa, C, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Paudel, U, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, P, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, J, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, M, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, M, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sohrabpour, A, Song, S, Tabaeian, S, Tadesse, E, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, H, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, S, Tollosa, D, Tosti, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, 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S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. A., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghashghaee A., Gholami A., Gholizadeh A., Gilani A., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Goshu Y. A., Griswold M. G., Gubari M. I. M., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Haddadi R., Halwani R., Hamid S. S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hariri S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Ismail N. E., Jacobsen K. H., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jha R. P., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Kanko T. K. T., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Kassa B. G., Kemp Bohan P. M., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., and Dirac M. A.
- Abstract
Background: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 0
- Published
- 2022
15. Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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- Abstract
Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7, and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8, J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. Findings: Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates decl
- Published
- 2022
16. Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Cousin, E, Duncan, B, Stein, C, Ong, K, Vos, T, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdoli, A, Abd-Rabu, R, Abolhassani, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adnani, Q, Afzal, M, Agarwal, G, Agrawaal, K, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Al-Aly, Z, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Anjana, R, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arizmendi, D, Armocida, B, Artamonov, A, Arulappan, J, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Astell-Burt, T, Atorkey, P, Atout, M, Ayanore, M, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Baker, J, Baltatu, O, Banik, P, Barnett, A, Barone, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bedi, N, Belete, R, Belgaumi, U, Bell, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Beran, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birara, S, Bodolica, V, Bonny, A, Brenner, H, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, Y, Cao, C, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, P, Chandan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chu, D, Corso, B, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, De Neve, J, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Diaz, D, Ebtehaj, S, Edinur, H, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Faisaluddin, M, Farooque, U, Feng, X, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Freitas, M, Gaal, P, Gad, M, Gaewkhiew, P, Getacher, L, Ghafourifard, M, Ghanei Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Gill, P, Ginawi, I, Glushkova, E, Golechha, M, Gopalani, S, Guimaraes, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Gupta, S, Habtewold, T, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Halwani, R, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haque, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, M, Hossain, M, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M, Hoveidamanesh, S, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ikuta, K, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islam, R, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Iyamu, I, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jayawardena, R, Jha, R, John, O, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Kayode, G, Kebede, S, Keshavarz, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, M, Khater, A, Khoja, T, Khubchandani, J, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Korshunov, V, Korzh, O, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, W, Lee, C, Lee, P, Lee, S, Li, M, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lucchetti, G, Majeed, A, Malik, A, Mansouri, B, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mathur, P, Mcalinden, C, Mehedi, N, Mekonnen, T, Menezes, R, Mersha, A, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirza, A, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Mostafavi, E, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Mustafa, A, Nagel, G, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, R, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Oguntade, A, Ojo, T, Olagunju, A, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Owolabi, M, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Parvizi, M, Pepito, V, Perianayagam, A, Petcu, I, Pilania, M, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Postma, M, Prashant, A, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmawaty, S, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Rwegerera, G, Ryan, P, Saber-Ayad, M, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Schlaich, M, Seidu, A, Sekerija, M, Senthil Kumar, N, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Shamshad, H, Shawon, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, J, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shuval, K, Singh, J, Singh, A, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Soheili, A, Sun, J, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, E, Tariqujjaman, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Timalsina, B, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tripathy, J, Tudor Car, L, Tusa, B, Uddin, R, Upadhyay, E, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Verma, M, Villalobos-Daniel, V, Vladimirov, S, Vo, B, Vu, G, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Winkler, A, Wubishet, B, Xu, X, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yatsuya, H, Yaya, S, Yazie, T, Yi, S, Yonemoto, N, Yunusa, I, Zadey, S, Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zamora, N, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zmaili, M, Zumla, A, Naghavi, M, Schmidt, M, Cousin E., Duncan B. B., Stein C., Ong K. L., Vos T., Abbafati C., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdelmasseh M., Abdoli A., Abd-Rabu R., Abolhassani H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Accrombessi M. M. K., Adnani Q. E. S., Afzal M. S., Agarwal G., Agrawaal K. K., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed A., Ahmed Salih Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Al-Aly Z., Alcalde-Rabanal J. E., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Anjana R. M., Ansar A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arizmendi D., Armocida B., Artamonov A. A., Arulappan J., Aryan Z., Asgari S., Ashraf T., Astell-Burt T., Atorkey P., Atout M. M. W., Ayanore M. A., Badiye A. D., Baig A. A., Bairwa M., Baker J. L., Baltatu O. C., Banik P. C., Barnett A., Barone M. T. U., Barone-Adesi F., Barrow A., Bedi N., Belete R., Belgaumi U. I., Bell A. W., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Beran D., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birara S., Bodolica V., Bonny A., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cao Y., Cao C., Cerin E., Chakraborty P. A., Chandan J. S., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Corso B., Dadras O., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davila-Cervantes C. A., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Diaz D., Ebtehaj S., Edinur H. A., Eftekharzadeh S., El Sayed I., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Faisaluddin M., Farooque U., Feng X., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Flood D., Freitas M., Gaal P. A., Gad M. M., Gaewkhiew P., Getacher L., Ghafourifard M., Ghanei Gheshlagh R., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Ghozali G., Gill P. S., Ginawi I. A., Glushkova E. V., Golechha M., Gopalani S. V., Guimaraes R. A., Gupta R. D., Gupta R., Gupta V. K., Gupta V. B., Gupta S., Habtewold T. D., Hafezi-Nejad N., Halwani R., Hanif A., Hankey G. J., Haque S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. S., Hashi A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari M., Hossain M. B. H., Hossain S., Hosseini M., Hoveidamanesh S., Huang J., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ikuta K. S., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Islam M. S., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Ismail N. E., Isola G., Itumalla R., Iwagami M., Iyamu I. O., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., Jayawardena R., Jha R. P., John O., Jonas J. B., Joo T., Kabir A., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kanchan T., Kandel H., Kapoor N., Kayode G. A., Kebede S. A., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan M. A., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khater A. M., Khoja T. A. M., Khubchandani J., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Korshunov V. A., Korzh O., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lee W. -C., Lee C. B., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Li M. -C., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Lucchetti G., Majeed A., Malik A. A., Mansouri B., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mathur P., McAlinden C., Mehedi N., Mekonnen T., Menezes R. G., Mersha A. G., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirza A. Z., Mithra P., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Mostafavi E., Mueller U. O., Murray C. J. L., Mustafa A., Nagel G., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi R. I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Oguntade A. S., Ojo T. T., Olagunju A. T., Onwujekwe O. E., Ortiz A., Owolabi M. O., Palladino R., Panda-Jonas S., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pardhan S., Parekh T., Parvizi M., Pepito V. C. F., Perianayagam A., Petcu I. -R., Pilania M., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Postma M. J., Prashant A., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. A., Rahman M. M., Rahman M., Rahmawaty S., Rajai N., Ram P., Rana J., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D., Rodriguez J. A. B., Roever L., Rohloff P., Rwegerera G. M., Ryan P. M., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sathian B., Sathish T., Schlaich M. P., Seidu A. -A., Sekerija M., Senthil Kumar N., Seylani A., Shaikh M. A., Shamshad H., Shawon M. S. R., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty J. K., Shiri R., Shivakumar K. M., Shuval K., Singh J. A., Singh A., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Soheili A., Sun J., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadbiri H., Tadesse E. G., Tariqujjaman M., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Timalsina B., Tobe-Gai R., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran B. X., Tripathy J. P., Tudor Car L., Tusa B. S., Uddin R., Upadhyay E., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Verma M., Villalobos-Daniel V. E., Vladimirov S. K., Vo B., Vu G. T., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Werdecker A., Wickramasinghe N. D., Winkler A. S., Wubishet B. L., Xu X., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yatsuya H., Yaya S., Yazie T. S. Y., Yi S., Yonemoto N., Yunusa I., Zadey S., Zaman S. B., Zamanian M., Zamora N., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zmaili M., Zumla A., Naghavi M., Schmidt M. I., Cousin, E, Duncan, B, Stein, C, Ong, K, Vos, T, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdoli, A, Abd-Rabu, R, Abolhassani, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adnani, Q, Afzal, M, Agarwal, G, Agrawaal, K, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Al-Aly, Z, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Anjana, R, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arizmendi, D, Armocida, B, Artamonov, A, Arulappan, J, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Astell-Burt, T, Atorkey, P, Atout, M, Ayanore, M, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Baker, J, Baltatu, O, Banik, P, Barnett, A, Barone, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barrow, A, Bedi, N, Belete, R, Belgaumi, U, Bell, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Beran, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birara, S, Bodolica, V, Bonny, A, Brenner, H, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, Y, Cao, C, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, P, Chandan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chu, D, Corso, B, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, De Neve, J, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Diaz, D, Ebtehaj, S, Edinur, H, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Faisaluddin, M, Farooque, U, Feng, X, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Freitas, M, Gaal, P, Gad, M, Gaewkhiew, P, Getacher, L, Ghafourifard, M, Ghanei Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Gill, P, Ginawi, I, Glushkova, E, Golechha, M, Gopalani, S, Guimaraes, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Gupta, S, Habtewold, T, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Halwani, R, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haque, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, M, Hossain, M, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M, Hoveidamanesh, S, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ikuta, K, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islam, R, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Iyamu, I, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jayawardena, R, Jha, R, John, O, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Kayode, G, Kebede, S, Keshavarz, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, M, Khater, A, Khoja, T, Khubchandani, J, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Korshunov, V, Korzh, O, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, W, Lee, C, Lee, P, Lee, S, Li, M, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lucchetti, G, Majeed, A, Malik, A, Mansouri, B, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mathur, P, Mcalinden, C, Mehedi, N, Mekonnen, T, Menezes, R, Mersha, A, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirza, A, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Mostafavi, E, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Mustafa, A, Nagel, G, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, R, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Oguntade, A, Ojo, T, Olagunju, A, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Owolabi, M, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Parvizi, M, Pepito, V, Perianayagam, A, Petcu, I, Pilania, M, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Postma, M, Prashant, A, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmawaty, S, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Rwegerera, G, Ryan, P, Saber-Ayad, M, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Schlaich, M, Seidu, A, Sekerija, M, Senthil Kumar, N, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Shamshad, H, Shawon, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, J, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shuval, K, Singh, J, Singh, A, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Soheili, A, Sun, J, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, E, Tariqujjaman, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Timalsina, B, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tripathy, J, Tudor Car, L, Tusa, B, Uddin, R, Upadhyay, E, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Verma, M, Villalobos-Daniel, V, Vladimirov, S, Vo, B, Vu, G, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Winkler, A, Wubishet, B, Xu, X, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yatsuya, H, Yaya, S, Yazie, T, Yi, S, Yonemoto, N, Yunusa, I, Zadey, S, Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zamora, N, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zmaili, M, Zumla, A, Naghavi, M, Schmidt, M, Cousin E., Duncan B. B., Stein C., Ong K. L., Vos T., Abbafati C., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdelmasseh M., Abdoli A., Abd-Rabu R., Abolhassani H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Accrombessi M. M. K., Adnani Q. E. S., Afzal M. S., Agarwal G., Agrawaal K. K., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed A., Ahmed Salih Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Al-Aly Z., Alcalde-Rabanal J. E., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Anjana R. M., Ansar A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arizmendi D., Armocida B., Artamonov A. A., Arulappan J., Aryan Z., Asgari S., Ashraf T., Astell-Burt T., Atorkey P., Atout M. M. W., Ayanore M. A., Badiye A. D., Baig A. A., Bairwa M., Baker J. L., Baltatu O. C., Banik P. C., Barnett A., Barone M. T. U., Barone-Adesi F., Barrow A., Bedi N., Belete R., Belgaumi U. I., Bell A. W., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Beran D., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birara S., Bodolica V., Bonny A., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cao Y., Cao C., Cerin E., Chakraborty P. A., Chandan J. S., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Chu D. -T., Corso B., Dadras O., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davila-Cervantes C. A., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Diaz D., Ebtehaj S., Edinur H. A., Eftekharzadeh S., El Sayed I., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Faisaluddin M., Farooque U., Feng X., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Flood D., Freitas M., Gaal P. A., Gad M. M., Gaewkhiew P., Getacher L., Ghafourifard M., Ghanei Gheshlagh R., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Ghozali G., Gill P. S., Ginawi I. A., Glushkova E. V., Golechha M., Gopalani S. V., Guimaraes R. A., Gupta R. D., Gupta R., Gupta V. K., Gupta V. B., Gupta S., Habtewold T. D., Hafezi-Nejad N., Halwani R., Hanif A., Hankey G. J., Haque S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. S., Hashi A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari M., Hossain M. B. H., Hossain S., Hosseini M., Hoveidamanesh S., Huang J., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ikuta K. S., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Islam M. S., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Ismail N. E., Isola G., Itumalla R., Iwagami M., Iyamu I. O., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., Jayawardena R., Jha R. P., John O., Jonas J. B., Joo T., Kabir A., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kanchan T., Kandel H., Kapoor N., Kayode G. A., Kebede S. A., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan M. A., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khater A. M., Khoja T. A. M., Khubchandani J., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Korshunov V. A., Korzh O., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lee W. -C., Lee C. B., Lee P. 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- Abstract
Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–2
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- 2022
17. The Role of the Educational Programs in the Improving of Confidence in Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infection among Population
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Briko, N I, primary, Korshunov, V A, additional, Mindlina, A Ya, additional, Polibin, R V, additional, Shamis, A V, additional, and Saltykova, A G, additional
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- 2022
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18. Problems of health and quality of life management: intelligent digital platform “Health Heuristics”
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Krut’ko, V. N., primary, Deminov, M. M., additional, Briko, N. I., additional, Mitrokhin, O. V., additional, and Chichua, D. T., additional
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- 2021
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19. Modeling of the Potential Effect of Revaccination against Whooping Cough in Children Aged 6–7 and 14 years within the Framework of the National of preventive vaccinations
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Briko, N. I., primary, Mindlina, A. Ya., additional, Mikheeva, I. V., additional, Popovich, L. D., additional, and Lomonosova, A. V., additional
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- 2021
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20. The history of the F. Erisman Institute of Public Health and its directions of activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Briko, N. I., primary, Mindlina, A. Ya., additional, Polibin, R. V., additional, and Lopukhov, P. D., additional
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- 2021
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21. The concept of risk communications to ensure adherence to vaccination as a necessary component of the strategic development of immunoprophylaxis in Russia
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Briko, N. I., primary, Feldblium, I. V., additional, Alyeva, M. Kh., additional, Mindlina, A. Ya., additional, Maslennikova, N. P., additional, Namazova-Baranova, L. S., additional, and Fedoseenko, M. V., additional
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- 2021
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22. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
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Y., Havmoeller R., Hawkes C., Hayat K., Hayelom D. H., Heidari B., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Hendrie D., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., de Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hoek H. W., Hole M. K., Holla R., Hollerich G., Rad E. H., Hong S. H., Hoogar P., Horino M., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Housseh M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huda T. M., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic M. D., Imani-Nasab M. H., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Iwu C. C. D., Iwu C. J., Izadi N., Jaafari J., Jaca A., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Balalami N. J., Jafarinia M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Jayatilleke A. U., Jeemon P., Jehan F., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jha V., Ji J. S., Jia P., John O., John-Akinola Y. O., Johnson K. B., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kahssay M., Kalani H., Kalankesh L. L., Kalhor R., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami M., Matin B. K., Karch A., Karim M. A., Karki S., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kasaye H. K., Kassa T. D., Kassaye H. G., Kassebaum N. J., Karyani A. K., Kengne A. P., Ketema D. B., Khader Y. S., Khafaie M. A., Khaksarian M., Khalid N., Khalil I. A., Khalilov R., Khan A., Khan E. A., Khan M. N., Khan M. S., Khatab K., Khater A., Khater M. M., Khatib M. N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei-Pool M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khodayari M. T., Khosravi M. H., Khundkar R., Kiadaliri A., Kianipour N., Kiirithio D. N., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kondlahalli S. K. M., Koolivand A., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M. U. G., Krishan K., Krohn K. J., Kugbey N., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar V., Kurmi O. P., Kuti O., Vecchia C. L., Lacey B., Lad D. P., Lal A., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Lamichhane P., Lang J. J., Lansingh V. C., Lasrado S., Lebedev G., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Leili M., Letourneau I. D., Lewycka S., Li S., Lim L. -L., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Longbottom J., Lopez J. C. F., Lorkowski S., Macarayan E. R. K., Madadin M., El Razek H. M. A., El Razek M. M. A., Maghavani D. P., Mahasha P. W., Mahotra N. B., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malta D. C., Manafi A., Manafi F., Manafi N., Manohar N. D., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mapoma C. C., Marami D., Marczak L. B., Arnedo C. A. M., Martins-Melo F. R., Masaka A., Massenburg B. B., Maulik P. K., Mayala B. K., Mazidi M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehri F., Mehta K. M., Meitei W. B., Mekonnen F. A., Mekonnen T., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha M. B., Mensah G. A., Meretoja T. J., Miazgowski T., Kostova N. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mini G. K., Mir S. M., Miri M., Mirjalali H., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadi E., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. 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R., VanderHeide J., Varavikova E., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venkatesh S., Venketasubramanian N., Verma M., Vidale S., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Wang H., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Weldesamuel G. T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wolde H. F., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Wu A. -M., Xu G., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yilma M. T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Youm Y., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousof H. -A. S. A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T. Z., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarafshan H., Zepro N. B., Zerfu T. A., Zewale T. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J., Zodpey S., Zomorodian K., Zotor F. B., Afshin A., and Hay S. I.
- Abstract
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
- Published
- 2020
23. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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A., Shadid J., Shahabi S., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shalash A. S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharara F., Sheena B. S., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R. S., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shrime M. G., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva J. P., Simpson K. E., Singh A., Singh J. A., Skiadaresi E., Skou S. T. S., Skryabin V. Y., Sobngwi E., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Sorensen R. J. D., Soriano J. B., Sorrie M. B., Soyiri I. N., Sreeramareddy C. T., Stanaway J. D., Stark B. A., Stefan S. C., Stein C., Steiner C., Steiner T. J., Stokes M. A., Stovner L. J., Stubbs J. L., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Sulo G., Sultan I., Sykes B. L., Sylte D. O., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K. M., Tadakamadla S. K., Taherkhani A., Tajdini M., Takahashi K., Taveira N., Teagle W. L., Teame H., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Teklehaimanot B. F., Terrason S., Tessema Z. T., Thankappan K. R., Thomson A. M., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A. E., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R., Troeger C. E., Truelsen T. C., Tsai A. C., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Tyrovolas S., Uddin R., Ullah S., Undurraga E. A., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Valdez P. R., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollset S. E., Vongpradith A., Vukovic A., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Walters M. K., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Ward J. L., Watson A., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weiss D. J., Weiss J., Westerman R., Whisnant J. L., Whiteford H. A., Wiangkham T., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wilner L. B., Wilson S., Wojtyniak B., Wolfe C. D. A., Wool E. E., Wu A. -M., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H. Y., Xu G., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yaminfirooz M., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J. A., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Yoosefi Lebni J., Younis M. Z., Younker T. P., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousuf A. Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zewdie K. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao J. T., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Zimsen S. R. M., Naghavi M., and Murray C. J. L.
- Abstract
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value
- Published
- 2020
24. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
- Author
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Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Miller-Petrie, M. K. (Molly K.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedeji, I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhikari, T. B. (Tara Ballav), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Agudelo-Botero, M. (Marcela), Ahmadi, M. (Mehdi), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Akanda, A. S. (Ali S.), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alam, N. (Noore), Alamene, G. M. 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(Lalit), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Daoud, F. (Farah), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Weaver, N. D. (Nicole Davis), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), De Neve, J.-W. (Jan-Walter), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Dolecek, C. (Christiane), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa, I), El-Khatib, Z. 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(Ahmad), Sherbaf, F. G. (Farzaneh Ghazi), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Girmay, A. (Alem), Gizaw, Z. (Zemichael), Goodridge, A. (Amador), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Grada, A. (Ayman), Green, M. S. (Manfred S.), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gupta, R. (Rahul), Ha, G. H. (Giang Hai), Haagsma, J. A. (Juanita A.), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Haile, M. T. (Michael Tamene), Hall, B. J. (Brian J.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed, I), Hasan, M. (Mehedi), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hayelom, D. H. (Desta Haftu), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed, I), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henok, A. (Andualem), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hollerich, G. I. (Gillian, I), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Humayun, A. (Ayesha), Hussain, S. A. (Syed Ather), Hussen, M. A. (Mamusha Aman A.), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Ivers, R. Q. (Rebecca Q.), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jayatilleke, A. U. (Achala Upendra), Jenabi, E. (Ensiyeh), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kabir, A. (Ali), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Karch, A. (Andre), Karki, S. (Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, N. (Nuruzzaman), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Defo, B. K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kusuma, D. (Dian), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lal, A. (Aparna), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lam, H. (Hilton), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lansingh, V. C. (Van Charles), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Lebedev, G. (Georgy), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Lewycka, S. (Sonia), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. 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T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris, V), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Pana, A. (Adrian), Park, E.-K. (Eun-Kee), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patle, A. (Ajay), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Pesudovs, K. (Konrad), Pham, H. Q. (Hai Quang), Pigott, D. M. (David M.), Pilgrim, T. (Thomas), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Poljak, M. (Mario), Pollock, I. (Ian), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Prada, S. I. (Sergio, I), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Rabiee, M. (Mohammad), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi, S. (Siavash), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rao, P. C. (Puja C.), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Saleem, A. (Ahsan), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santos, I. S. (Itamar S.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sao Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Sayyah, M. (Mehdi), Sbarra, A. N. (Alyssa N.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaheen, A. A. (Amira A.), Shahid, I. (Izza), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Shin, J. I. (Jae Il), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Si, S. (Si), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, V. (Virendra), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, B. B. (Balbir Bagicha Singh), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Sinha, D. N. (Dhirendra Narain), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Smith, D. L. (David L.), Filho, A. M. (Adauto Martins Soares), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soriano, J. B. (Joan B.), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Spurlock, E. E. (Emma Elizabeth), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Taye, B. (Bineyam), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (Arash), Tekelemedhin, S. W. (Shishay Wahdey), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), ThekkePurakkal, A. S. (Akhil Soman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Thompson, R. L. (Robert L.), Thomson, A. J. (Alan J.), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uthman, O. A. (Olalekan A.), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Whawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wangdi, K. (Kinley), Weiss, D. J. (Daniel J.), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Werkneh, A. A. (Adhena Ayaliew), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Wijeratne, T. (Tissa), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wolde, H. F. (Haileab Fekadu), Wondafrash, D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu), Wonde, T. E. (Tewodros Eshete), Worku, G. T. (Getasew Taddesse), Yadollahpour, A. (Ali), Jabbari, S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yaseri, M. (Mehdi), Yatsuya, H. (Hiroshi), Yeshaneh, A. (Alex), Yilma, M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu), Yip, P. (Paul), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Moghadam, T. Z. (Telma Zahirian), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zar, H. J. (Heather J.), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon, I), Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Miller-Petrie, M. K. (Molly K.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedeji, I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhikari, T. B. (Tara Ballav), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Agudelo-Botero, M. (Marcela), Ahmadi, M. (Mehdi), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Akanda, A. S. (Ali S.), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alam, N. (Noore), Alamene, G. M. (Genet Melak), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Albright, J. (James), Albujeer, A. (Ammar), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Alebel, A. (Animut), Alemu, Z. A. (Zewdie Aderaw), Ali, M. (Muhammad), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Almasi, A. (Ali), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J. (Nelson J.), Amini, S. (Saeed), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Amul, G. G. (Gianna Gayle Herrera), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Ansariadi, A. (Ansariadi), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, B. (Benny), Antriyandarti, E. (Ernoiz), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aref, H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Armoon, B. (Bahram), Arora, A. (Amit), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Arzani, A. (Afsaneh), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Asmelash, D. (Daniel), Atalay, H. T. (Hagos Tasew), Athari, S. M. (Seyyede Masoume), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Atre, S. R. (Sachin R.), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Awasthi, S. (Shally), Awoke, N. (Nefsu), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Aynalem, Y. A. (Yared Asmare), Azari, S. (Samad), Azman, A. S. (Andrew S.), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bagherzadeh, M. (Mojtaba), Bakkannavar, S. M. (Shankar M.), Balakrishnan, S. (Senthilkumar), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banoub, J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar), Barac, A. (Aleksandra), Barboza, M. A. (Miguel A.), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Basu, S. (Sanjay), . (), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Beheshti, M. (Mahya), Behzadifar, M. (Meysam), Behzadifar, M. (Masoud), Ramirez, D. F. (Diana Fernanda Bejarano), Bell, M. L. (Michelle L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Benzian, H. (Habib), Berbada, D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema), Bernstein, R. S. (Robert S.), Bhat, A. G. (Anusha Ganapati), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhaumik, S. (Soumyadeep), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Bin Sayeed, M. S. (Muhammad Shahdaat), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Boufous, S. (Soufiane), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Britton, G. B. (Gabrielle B.), Brown, A. (Alexandria), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), Camera, L. A. (Luis Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Rincon, J. C. (Julio Cesar Campuzano), Cano, J. (Jorge), Car, J. (Josip), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A. (Carlos A.), Castro, F. (Franz), Cerin, E. (Ester), Chalise, B. (Binaya), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Christopher, D. J. (Devasahayam J.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cormier, N. M. (Natalie Maria), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Cromwell, E. A. (Elizabeth A.), Dadi, A. F. (Abel Fekadu Fekadu), Dahiru, T. (Tukur), Dahlawi, S. M. (Saad M. A.), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Daoud, F. (Farah), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Weaver, N. D. (Nicole Davis), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), De Neve, J.-W. (Jan-Walter), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Dolecek, C. (Christiane), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa, I), El-Khatib, Z. (Ziad), Elkout, H. (Hajer), Elsharkawy, A. (Aisha), Enany, S. (Shymaa), Endalew, D. A. (Daniel Adane), Eshrati, B. (Babak), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Etemadi, A. (Arash), Ezekannagha, O. (Oluchi), Faraon, E. J. (Emerito Jose A.), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faro, A. (Andre), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fasil, A. F. (Alebachew Fasil), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fekadu, W. (Wubalem), Fentahun, N. (Netsanet), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Flohr, C. (Carsten), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Foroutan, M. (Masoud), Franklin, R. C. (Richard Charles), Frostad, J. J. (Joseph Jon), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Garcia, G. M. (Gregory M.), Gatotoh, A. M. (Augustine Mwangi), Gayesa, R. T. (Reta Tsegaye), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Geramo, Y. C. (Yilma Chisha Dea), Gesesew, H. A. (Hailay Abrha), Gezae, K. E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Sherbaf, F. G. (Farzaneh Ghazi), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Girmay, A. (Alem), Gizaw, Z. (Zemichael), Goodridge, A. (Amador), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Grada, A. (Ayman), Green, M. S. (Manfred S.), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gupta, R. (Rahul), Ha, G. H. (Giang Hai), Haagsma, J. A. (Juanita A.), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Haile, M. T. (Michael Tamene), Hall, B. J. (Brian J.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed, I), Hasan, M. (Mehedi), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hayelom, D. H. (Desta Haftu), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed, I), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henok, A. (Andualem), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hollerich, G. I. (Gillian, I), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Humayun, A. (Ayesha), Hussain, S. A. (Syed Ather), Hussen, M. A. (Mamusha Aman A.), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Ivers, R. Q. (Rebecca Q.), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jayatilleke, A. U. (Achala Upendra), Jenabi, E. (Ensiyeh), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kabir, A. (Ali), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Karch, A. (Andre), Karki, S. (Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, N. (Nuruzzaman), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Defo, B. K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kusuma, D. (Dian), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lal, A. (Aparna), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lam, H. (Hilton), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lansingh, V. C. (Van Charles), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Lebedev, G. (Georgy), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Lewycka, S. (Sonia), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Nasab, E. M. (Entezar Mehrabi), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. (Teferi), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Meles, H. G. (Hagazi Gebre), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Metekiya, W. M. (Workua Mekonnen), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, H. (Hassen), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mosser, J. F. (Jonathan F.), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naghavi, M. (Mohsen), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, Q. P. (QuynhAnh P.), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris, V), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Pana, A. (Adrian), Park, E.-K. (Eun-Kee), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patle, A. (Ajay), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Pesudovs, K. (Konrad), Pham, H. Q. (Hai Quang), Pigott, D. M. (David M.), Pilgrim, T. (Thomas), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Poljak, M. (Mario), Pollock, I. (Ian), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Prada, S. I. (Sergio, I), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Rabiee, M. (Mohammad), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi, S. (Siavash), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rao, P. C. (Puja C.), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Saleem, A. (Ahsan), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santos, I. S. (Itamar S.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sao Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Sayyah, M. (Mehdi), Sbarra, A. N. (Alyssa N.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaheen, A. A. (Amira A.), Shahid, I. (Izza), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Shin, J. I. (Jae Il), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Si, S. (Si), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, V. (Virendra), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, B. B. (Balbir Bagicha Singh), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Sinha, D. N. (Dhirendra Narain), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Smith, D. L. (David L.), Filho, A. M. (Adauto Martins Soares), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soriano, J. B. (Joan B.), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Spurlock, E. E. (Emma Elizabeth), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Taye, B. (Bineyam), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (Arash), Tekelemedhin, S. W. (Shishay Wahdey), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), ThekkePurakkal, A. S. (Akhil Soman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Thompson, R. L. (Robert L.), Thomson, A. J. (Alan J.), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uthman, O. A. (Olalekan A.), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Whawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Wang, Y. (Yafeng), Wangdi, K. (Kinley), Weiss, D. J. (Daniel J.), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Werkneh, A. A. (Adhena Ayaliew), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Wijeratne, T. (Tissa), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wolde, H. F. (Haileab Fekadu), Wondafrash, D. Z. (Dawit Zewdu), Wonde, T. E. (Tewodros Eshete), Worku, G. T. (Getasew Taddesse), Yadollahpour, A. (Ali), Jabbari, S. H. (Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yaseri, M. (Mehdi), Yatsuya, H. (Hiroshi), Yeshaneh, A. (Alex), Yilma, M. T. (Mekdes Tigistu), Yip, P. (Paul), Yisma, E. (Engida), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Moghadam, T. Z. (Telma Zahirian), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zar, H. J. (Heather J.), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon, I), and Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.)
- Abstract
Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0)
- Published
- 2020
25. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019:a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Wang, H. (Haidong), Abbas, K. M. (Kaja M.), Abbasifard, M. (Mitra), Abbasi-Kangevari, M. (Mohsen), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abolhassani, H. (Hassan), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abushouk, A. I. (Abdelrahman I.), Adabi, M. (Maryam), Adair, T. (Tim), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedeji, I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adeoye, A. M. (Abiodun Moshood), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Advani, S. M. (Shailesh M.), Afshin, A. (Ashkan), Aghaali, M. (Mohammad), Agrawal, A. (Anurag), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmadieh, H. (Hamid), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, K. (Khurshid), Alam, T. (Tahiya), Alanezi, F. M. (Fahad Mashhour), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Ali, M. (Muhammad), Alicandro, G. (Gianfranco), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alinia, C. (Cyrus), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Alizade, H. (Hesam), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Allebeck, P. (Peter), Almadi, M. A. (Majid Abdulrahman Hamad), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alumran, A. K. (Arwa Khalid), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Amini-Rarani, M. (Mostafa), Aminorroaya, A. (Arya), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Ancuceanu, R. (Robert), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Androudi, S. (Sofia), Angus, C. (Colin), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Ansari, F. (Fereshteh), Ansari, I. (Iman), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, C. M. (Catherine M.), Anvari, D. (Davood), Appiah, S. C. (Seth Christopher Yaw), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Arab-Zozani, M. (Morteza), Aravkin, A. Y. (Aleksandr Y.), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Arnlov, J. (Johan), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Asadi-Pooya, A. A. (Ali A.), Asgari, S. (Samaneh), Jafarabadi, M. A. (Mohammad Asghari), Atteraya, M. S. (Madhu Sudhan), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Avila-Burgos, L. (Leticia), Avokpaho, E. F. (Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Azarian, G. (Ghasem), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Badiye, A. D. (Ashish D.), Bagli, E. (Eleni), Bahrami, M. A. (Mohammad Amin), Bakhtiari, A. (Ahad), Balassyano, S. (Shelly), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banik, P. C. (Palash Chandra), Barker-Collo, S. L. (Suzanne Lyn), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Barzegar, A. (Akbar), Basu, S. (Sanjay), Baune, B. T. (Bernhard T.), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Bazmandegan, G. (Gholamreza), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Bell, M. L. (Michellr L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Bensenor, I. M. (Isabela M.), Berhe, K. (Kidanemaryam), Berman, A. E. (Adam E.), Bertolacci, G. J. (Gregory J.), Bhageerathy, R. (Reshmi), Bhala, N. (Neeraj), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Biondi, A. (Antonio), Bisanzio, D. (Donal), Bisignano, C. (Catherine), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bjrge, T. (Tone), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Bohluli, M. (Mehdi), Bolla, S. R. (Srinivasa Rao Rao), Borzi, A. M. (Antonio Maria), Borzouei, S. (Shiva), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Braithwaite, D. (Dejana), Brauer, M. (Michael), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Bumgarner, B. R. (Blair R.), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), dos Santos, F. L. (Florentino Luciano Caetano), Cai, T. (Tianji), Callender, C. S. (Charlton S. K. H.), Camera, L. L. (Luis L. A. Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carreras, G. (Giulia), Carrero, J. J. (Juan J.), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (Joao Mauricio), Castelpietra, G. (Giulio), Castro, F. (Franz), Catala-Lopez, F. (Ferran), Cederroth, C. R. (Christopher R.), Cerin, E. (Ester), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Ciobanu, L. G. (Liliana G.), Cirillo, M. (Massimo), Comfort, H. (Haley), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Cowden, R. G. (Richard G.), Cromwell, E. A. (Elizabeth A.), Croneberger, A. J. (Andrew J.), Cunningham, M. (Matthew), Dahlawi, S. M. (Saad M. A.), Damiani, G. (Giovanni), D'Amico, E. (Emanuele), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dargan, P. I. (Paul I.), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), das Neves, J. (Jose), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Leo, D. (Diego), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Dervenis, N. (Nikolaos), Desai, R. (Rupak), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), da Silva, D. D. (Diana Dias), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dippenaar, I. N. (Ilse N.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Do, H. T. (Hoa Thi), Dokova, K. (Klara), Doku, D. T. (David Teye), Dorostkar, F. (Fariba), Doshi, C. P. (Chirag P.), Doshmangir, L. (Leila), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Edvardsson, D. (David), Effiong, A. (Andem), El Sayed, I. (Iman), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elbarazi, I. (Iffat), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa I.), Emamian, M. H. (Mohammad Hassan), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Esmaeilzadeh, F. (Firooz), Estep, K. (Kara), Farahmand, M. (Mohammad), Faraj, A. (Anwar), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faridnia, R. (Roghiyeh), Faro, A. (Andre), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fattahi, N. (Nazir), Fazaeli, A. A. (Ali Akbar), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Ferreira, M. L. (Manuela L.), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Flohr, C. (Carsten), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Fomenkov, A. A. (Artem Alekseevich), Freitas, M. (Marisa), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Fuller, J. E. (John E.), Furtado, J. M. (Joao M.), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Gakidou, E. (Emmanuela), Gallus, S. (Silvano), Gebrehiwot, A. M. (Abiyu Mekonnen), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Gething, P. W. (Peter W.), Ghamari, F. (Farhad), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Gholamian, A. (Asadollah), Gilani, S. A. (Syed Amir), Gitimoghaddam, M. (Mojgan), Glushkova, E. V. (Ekaterina Vladimirovna), Gnedovskaya, E. V. (Elena V.), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gupta, S. S. (Subodh Sharan), Haagsma, J. A. (Juanita A.), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Halvaei, I. (Iman), Hamadeh, R. R. (Randah R.), Abdullah, K. H. (Kanaan Hamagharib), Han, C. (Chieh), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Hankey, G. J. (Graeme J.), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Haro, J. M. (Josep Maria), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed I.), Hassanipour, S. (Soheil), Hassankhani, H. (Hadi), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari-Soureshjani, R. (Reza), Henny, K. (Kiana), Henry, N. J. (Nathaniel J.), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), Hole, M. K. (Michael K.), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hosgood, H. D. (H. Dean), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hostiuc, M. (Mihaela), Hostiuc, S. (Sorin), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hoy, D. G. (Damian G.), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Huda, T. M. (Tanvir M.), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Ikuta, K. S. (Kevin S.), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, I. M. (Irena M.), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Islam, M. (MdMohaimenul), Iso, H. (Hiroyasu), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Jaafari, J. (Jalil), Jacobsen, K. H. (Kathryn H.), Jahagirdar, D. (Deepa), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jalilian, F. (Farzad), James, S. L. (Spencer L.), Janjani, H. (Hosna), Jenabi, E. (Ensiyeh), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Jurisson, M. (Mikk), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kalani, H. (Hamed), Kalankesh, L. R. (Leila R.), Kamiab, Z. (Zahra), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Kapoor, N. (Neeti), Karch, A. (Andre), Karimi, S. E. (Salah Eddin), Karimi, S. A. (Seyed Asaad), Kassebaum, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Katikireddi, S. V. (Srinivasa Vittal), Kawakami, N. (Norito), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Keller, C. (Cathleen), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, M. (Maseer), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khazaei, S. (Salman), Khazaie, H. (Habibolah), Khodayari, M. T. (Mohammad Taghi), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kianipour, N. (Neda), Kim, C.-i. (Cho-il), Kim, Y.-E. (Young-Eun), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kinfu, Y. (Yohannes), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kissimova-Skarbek, K. (Katarzyna), Kivimaki, M. (Mika), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kopec, J. A. (Jacek A.), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Kravchenko, M. A. (Michael A.), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Krohn, K. J. (Kris J.), Defo, B. K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kumar, V. (Vivek), Kusuma, D. (Dian), Kyu, H. H. (Hmwe Hmwe), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lalloo, R. (Ratilal), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lansky, S. (Sonia), Larson, S. L. (Samantha Leigh), Larsson, A. O. (Anders O.), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Lassi, Z. S. (Zohra S.), Lazarus, J. V. (Jeffrey V.), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), Lee, S. W. (Shaun Wen Huey), Leever, A. T. (Andrew T.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leonardi, M. (Matilde), Li, S. (Shanshan), Lim, L.-L. (Lee-Ling), Lim, S. S. (Stephen S.), Linn, S. (Shai), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), Logroscino, G. (Giancarlo), Lopez, A. D. (Alan D.), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, R. (Rafael), Lu, A. (Alton), Lunevicius, R. (Raimundas), Madadin, M. (Mohammed), Maddison, E. R. (Emilie R.), Abd El Razek, H. M. (Hassan Magdy), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahdavi, M. M. (Mokhtar Mahdavi), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Mansouri, B. (Borhan), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Mastrogiacomo, C. I. (Claudia I.), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), May, E. A. (Erin A.), McAlinden, C. (Colm), McGrath, J. J. (John J.), McKee, M. (Martin), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Mehri, F. (Fereshteh), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Meitei, W. B. (Wahengbam Bigyananda), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mengesha, E. W. (Endalkachew Worku), Mensah, G. A. (George A.), Meretoja, A. (Atte), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Michalek, I. M. (Irmina Maria), Mihretie, K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mills, E. J. (Edward J.), Milne, G. J. (George J.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Mirzaei, H. (Hamed), Mirzaei, M. (Maryam), Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M. (Mehdi), Misganaw, A. T. (Awoke Temesgen), Moazen, B. (Babak), Moghadaszadeh, M. (Masoud), Mohamadi, E. (Efat), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadbeigi, A. (Abolfazl), Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. (Abdollah), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohammed, H. (Hussen), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Bandpei, M. A. (Mohammad A. Mohseni), Mokari, A. (Amin), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Momen, N. C. (Natalie C.), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Mooney, M. D. (Meghan D.), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moradzadeh, R. (Rahmatollah), Moraga, P. (Paula), Velasquez, I. M. (Ilais Moreno), Morgado-da-Costa, J. (Joana), Morrison, S. D. (Shane Douglas), Mosser, J. F. (Jonathan F.), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Khaneghah, A. M. (Amin Mousavi), Mueller, U. O. (Ulrich Otto), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Nabavizadeh, B. (Behnam), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naghavi, M. (Mohsen), Naghshtabrizi, B. (Behshad), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nansseu, J. R. (Jobert Richie), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Negoi, R. I. (Ruxandra Irina), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, H. L. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, T. H. (Trang Huyen), Nigatu, Y. T. (Yeshambel T.), Nikbakhsh, R. (Rajan), Nikpoor, A. R. (Amin Reza), Nixon, M. R. (Molly R.), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nomura, S. (Shuhei), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Motlagh, S. N. (Soraya Nouraei), Nowak, C. (Christoph), Otoiu, A. (Adrian), Odell, C. M. (Christopher M.), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Oladnabi, M. (Morteza), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Bali, A. O. (Ahmed Omar), Ong, K. L. (Kanyin L.), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Ortiz, A. (Alberto), Otstavnov, N. (Nikita), Otstavnov, S. S. (Stanislav S.), Overland, S. (Simon), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakshir, K. (Keyvan), Palladino, R. (Raffaele), Pana, A. (Adrian), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Park, J. (James), Pasupula, D. K. (Deepak Kumar), Patel, J. R. (Jenil R.), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Patton, G. C. (George C.), Paulson, K. R. (Katherine R.), Toroudi, H. P. (Hamidreza Pazoki), Pease, S. A. (Spencer A.), Peden, A. E. (Amy E.), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Peprah, E. K. (Emmanuel K.), Pereira, A. (Alexandre), Pereira, D. M. (David M.), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pigott, D. M. (David M.), Pilgrim, T. (Thomas), Pilz, T. M. (Tessa M.), Piradov, M. A. (Michael A.), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Pokhrel, K. N. (Khem Narayan), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourjafar, H. (Hadi), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Poznanska, A. (Anna), Prada, S. I. (Sergio I.), Prakash, S. (Sanjay), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Syed, Z. Q. (Zahiruddin Quazi), Rabiee, M. (Mohammad), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Raggi, A. (Alberto), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rajabpour-Sanati, A. (Ali), Ram, P. (Pradhum), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rao, S. J. (Sowmya J.), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rashedi, V. (Vahid), Rastogi, P. (Prateek), Rathi, P. (Priya), Rawal, L. (Lal), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Rezaei, N. (Nima), Rezai, M. s. (Mohammad sadegh), Rezapour, A. (Aziz), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roshandel, G. (Gholamreza), Rostamian, M. (Morteza), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rwegerera, G. M. (Godfrey M.), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Saddik, B. (Basema), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Sadeghi, M. (Masoumeh), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safi, S. (Sare), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salama, J. S. (Joseph S.), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salem, M. R. (Marwa R. Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salomon, J. A. (Joshua A.), Salz, I. (Inbal), Samad, Z. (Zainab), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sarveazad, A. (Arash), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Sattin, D. (Davide), Saylan, M. (Mete), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Schiavolin, S. (Silvia), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Schwendicke, F. (Falk), Sekerija, M. (Mario), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shabani, M. (Mahsima), Shahabi, S. (Saeed), Shahbaz, M. (Mohammad), Shaheen, A. A. (Amira A.), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharafi, Z. (Zeinab), Sharara, F. (Fablina), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Shaw, D. H. (David H.), Sheikh, A. 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(Whitney L.), Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (Arash), Teklehaimanot, B. F. (Berhane Fseha), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Thrift, A. G. (Amanda G.), Titova, M. V. (Mariya Vladimirovna), Tohidinik, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Tonelli, M. (Marcello), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Topouzis, F. (Fotis), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Tran, B. X. (Bach Xuan), Travillian, R. (Ravensara), Trias-Llimos, S. (Sergi), Truelsen, T. C. (Thomas Clement), Car, L. T. (Lorainne Tudor), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Upadhyay, E. (Era), Vacante, M. (Marco), Vakilian, A. (Alireza), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Valli, A. (Alessandro), Vardavas, C. (Constantine), Vasankari, T. J. (Tommi Juhani), Vasconcelos, A. M. (Ana Maria Nogales), Vasseghian, Y. (Yasser), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Venketasubramanian, N. (Narayanaswamy), Vidale, S. (Simone), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vlassov, V. (Vasily), Vollset, S. E. 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(Hunter W.), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Younker, T. P. (Theodore Patrick), Yousefi, Z. (Zabihollah), Yousefinezhadi, T. (Taraneh), Yousuf, A. Y. (Abdilahi Yousuf), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Moghadam, T. Z. (Telma Zahirian), Zakzuk, J. (Josefina), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zamanian, M. (Maryam), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zhang, Z.-J. (Zhi-Jiang), Zheng, P. (Peng), Zhou, M. (Maigeng), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Wang, H. (Haidong), Abbas, K. M. (Kaja M.), Abbasifard, M. (Mitra), Abbasi-Kangevari, M. (Mohsen), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abolhassani, H. (Hassan), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abushouk, A. I. (Abdelrahman I.), Adabi, M. (Maryam), Adair, T. (Tim), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedeji, I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adeoye, A. M. (Abiodun Moshood), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Advani, S. M. (Shailesh M.), Afshin, A. (Ashkan), Aghaali, M. (Mohammad), Agrawal, A. (Anurag), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmadieh, H. (Hamid), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, K. (Khurshid), Alam, T. (Tahiya), Alanezi, F. M. (Fahad Mashhour), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Ali, M. (Muhammad), Alicandro, G. (Gianfranco), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alinia, C. (Cyrus), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Alizade, H. (Hesam), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Allebeck, P. (Peter), Almadi, M. A. (Majid Abdulrahman Hamad), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alumran, A. K. (Arwa Khalid), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Amini-Rarani, M. (Mostafa), Aminorroaya, A. (Arya), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Ancuceanu, R. (Robert), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Androudi, S. (Sofia), Angus, C. (Colin), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Ansari, F. (Fereshteh), Ansari, I. (Iman), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, C. M. (Catherine M.), Anvari, D. (Davood), Appiah, S. C. (Seth Christopher Yaw), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Arab-Zozani, M. (Morteza), Aravkin, A. Y. (Aleksandr Y.), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Arnlov, J. (Johan), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Asadi-Pooya, A. A. (Ali A.), Asgari, S. (Samaneh), Jafarabadi, M. A. (Mohammad Asghari), Atteraya, M. S. (Madhu Sudhan), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Avila-Burgos, L. (Leticia), Avokpaho, E. F. (Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Azarian, G. (Ghasem), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Badiye, A. D. (Ashish D.), Bagli, E. (Eleni), Bahrami, M. A. (Mohammad Amin), Bakhtiari, A. (Ahad), Balassyano, S. (Shelly), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banik, P. C. (Palash Chandra), Barker-Collo, S. L. (Suzanne Lyn), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Barzegar, A. (Akbar), Basu, S. (Sanjay), Baune, B. T. (Bernhard T.), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Bazmandegan, G. (Gholamreza), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Bell, M. L. (Michellr L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Bensenor, I. M. (Isabela M.), Berhe, K. (Kidanemaryam), Berman, A. E. (Adam E.), Bertolacci, G. J. (Gregory J.), Bhageerathy, R. (Reshmi), Bhala, N. (Neeraj), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Biondi, A. (Antonio), Bisanzio, D. (Donal), Bisignano, C. (Catherine), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bjrge, T. (Tone), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Bohluli, M. (Mehdi), Bolla, S. R. (Srinivasa Rao Rao), Borzi, A. M. (Antonio Maria), Borzouei, S. (Shiva), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Braithwaite, D. (Dejana), Brauer, M. (Michael), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Bumgarner, B. R. (Blair R.), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), dos Santos, F. L. (Florentino Luciano Caetano), Cai, T. (Tianji), Callender, C. S. (Charlton S. K. H.), Camera, L. L. (Luis L. A. Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carreras, G. (Giulia), Carrero, J. J. (Juan J.), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (Joao Mauricio), Castelpietra, G. (Giulio), Castro, F. (Franz), Catala-Lopez, F. (Ferran), Cederroth, C. R. (Christopher R.), Cerin, E. (Ester), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Ciobanu, L. G. (Liliana G.), Cirillo, M. (Massimo), Comfort, H. (Haley), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Cowden, R. G. (Richard G.), Cromwell, E. A. (Elizabeth A.), Croneberger, A. J. (Andrew J.), Cunningham, M. (Matthew), Dahlawi, S. M. (Saad M. A.), Damiani, G. (Giovanni), D'Amico, E. (Emanuele), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dargan, P. I. (Paul I.), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), das Neves, J. (Jose), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Leo, D. (Diego), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Dervenis, N. (Nikolaos), Desai, R. (Rupak), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), da Silva, D. D. (Diana Dias), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dippenaar, I. N. (Ilse N.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Do, H. T. (Hoa Thi), Dokova, K. (Klara), Doku, D. T. (David Teye), Dorostkar, F. (Fariba), Doshi, C. P. (Chirag P.), Doshmangir, L. (Leila), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Edvardsson, D. (David), Effiong, A. (Andem), El Sayed, I. (Iman), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elbarazi, I. (Iffat), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa I.), Emamian, M. H. (Mohammad Hassan), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Esmaeilzadeh, F. (Firooz), Estep, K. (Kara), Farahmand, M. (Mohammad), Faraj, A. (Anwar), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faridnia, R. (Roghiyeh), Faro, A. (Andre), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fattahi, N. (Nazir), Fazaeli, A. A. (Ali Akbar), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Ferreira, M. L. (Manuela L.), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Flohr, C. (Carsten), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Fomenkov, A. A. (Artem Alekseevich), Freitas, M. (Marisa), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Fuller, J. E. (John E.), Furtado, J. M. (Joao M.), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Gakidou, E. (Emmanuela), Gallus, S. (Silvano), Gebrehiwot, A. M. (Abiyu Mekonnen), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Gething, P. W. (Peter W.), Ghamari, F. (Farhad), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Gholamian, A. (Asadollah), Gilani, S. A. (Syed Amir), Gitimoghaddam, M. (Mojgan), Glushkova, E. V. (Ekaterina Vladimirovna), Gnedovskaya, E. V. (Elena V.), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gupta, S. S. (Subodh Sharan), Haagsma, J. A. (Juanita A.), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Halvaei, I. (Iman), Hamadeh, R. R. (Randah R.), Abdullah, K. H. (Kanaan Hamagharib), Han, C. (Chieh), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Hankey, G. J. (Graeme J.), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Haro, J. M. (Josep Maria), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed I.), Hassanipour, S. (Soheil), Hassankhani, H. (Hadi), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari-Soureshjani, R. (Reza), Henny, K. (Kiana), Henry, N. J. (Nathaniel J.), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), Hole, M. K. (Michael K.), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hosgood, H. D. (H. Dean), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hostiuc, M. (Mihaela), Hostiuc, S. (Sorin), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hoy, D. G. (Damian G.), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Huda, T. M. (Tanvir M.), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Ikuta, K. S. (Kevin S.), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, I. M. (Irena M.), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Islam, M. (MdMohaimenul), Iso, H. (Hiroyasu), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Jaafari, J. (Jalil), Jacobsen, K. H. (Kathryn H.), Jahagirdar, D. (Deepa), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jalilian, F. (Farzad), James, S. L. (Spencer L.), Janjani, H. (Hosna), Jenabi, E. (Ensiyeh), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Jurisson, M. (Mikk), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kalani, H. (Hamed), Kalankesh, L. R. (Leila R.), Kamiab, Z. (Zahra), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Kapoor, N. (Neeti), Karch, A. (Andre), Karimi, S. E. (Salah Eddin), Karimi, S. A. (Seyed Asaad), Kassebaum, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Katikireddi, S. V. (Srinivasa Vittal), Kawakami, N. (Norito), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Keller, C. (Cathleen), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, M. (Maseer), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khazaei, S. (Salman), Khazaie, H. (Habibolah), Khodayari, M. T. (Mohammad Taghi), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kianipour, N. (Neda), Kim, C.-i. (Cho-il), Kim, Y.-E. (Young-Eun), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kinfu, Y. (Yohannes), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kissimova-Skarbek, K. (Katarzyna), Kivimaki, M. (Mika), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kopec, J. A. (Jacek A.), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Kravchenko, M. A. (Michael A.), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Krohn, K. J. (Kris J.), Defo, B. K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kumar, V. (Vivek), Kusuma, D. (Dian), Kyu, H. H. (Hmwe Hmwe), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lalloo, R. (Ratilal), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lansky, S. (Sonia), Larson, S. L. (Samantha Leigh), Larsson, A. O. (Anders O.), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Lassi, Z. S. (Zohra S.), Lazarus, J. V. (Jeffrey V.), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), Lee, S. W. (Shaun Wen Huey), Leever, A. T. (Andrew T.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leonardi, M. (Matilde), Li, S. (Shanshan), Lim, L.-L. (Lee-Ling), Lim, S. S. (Stephen S.), Linn, S. (Shai), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), Logroscino, G. (Giancarlo), Lopez, A. D. (Alan D.), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, R. (Rafael), Lu, A. (Alton), Lunevicius, R. (Raimundas), Madadin, M. (Mohammed), Maddison, E. R. (Emilie R.), Abd El Razek, H. M. (Hassan Magdy), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahdavi, M. M. (Mokhtar Mahdavi), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Mansouri, B. (Borhan), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Mastrogiacomo, C. I. (Claudia I.), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), May, E. A. (Erin A.), McAlinden, C. (Colm), McGrath, J. J. (John J.), McKee, M. (Martin), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Mehri, F. (Fereshteh), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Meitei, W. B. (Wahengbam Bigyananda), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mengesha, E. W. (Endalkachew Worku), Mensah, G. A. (George A.), Meretoja, A. (Atte), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Michalek, I. M. (Irmina Maria), Mihretie, K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mills, E. J. (Edward J.), Milne, G. J. (George J.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Mirzaei, H. (Hamed), Mirzaei, M. (Maryam), Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M. (Mehdi), Misganaw, A. T. (Awoke Temesgen), Moazen, B. (Babak), Moghadaszadeh, M. (Masoud), Mohamadi, E. (Efat), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadbeigi, A. (Abolfazl), Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. (Abdollah), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohammed, H. (Hussen), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Bandpei, M. A. (Mohammad A. Mohseni), Mokari, A. (Amin), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Momen, N. C. (Natalie C.), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Mooney, M. D. (Meghan D.), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moradzadeh, R. (Rahmatollah), Moraga, P. (Paula), Velasquez, I. M. (Ilais Moreno), Morgado-da-Costa, J. (Joana), Morrison, S. D. (Shane Douglas), Mosser, J. F. (Jonathan F.), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Khaneghah, A. M. (Amin Mousavi), Mueller, U. O. (Ulrich Otto), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Nabavizadeh, B. (Behnam), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naghavi, M. (Mohsen), Naghshtabrizi, B. (Behshad), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nansseu, J. R. (Jobert Richie), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Negoi, R. I. (Ruxandra Irina), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, H. L. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, T. H. (Trang Huyen), Nigatu, Y. T. (Yeshambel T.), Nikbakhsh, R. (Rajan), Nikpoor, A. R. (Amin Reza), Nixon, M. R. (Molly R.), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nomura, S. (Shuhei), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Motlagh, S. N. (Soraya Nouraei), Nowak, C. (Christoph), Otoiu, A. (Adrian), Odell, C. M. (Christopher M.), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Oladnabi, M. (Morteza), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Bali, A. O. (Ahmed Omar), Ong, K. L. (Kanyin L.), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Ortiz, A. (Alberto), Otstavnov, N. (Nikita), Otstavnov, S. S. (Stanislav S.), Overland, S. (Simon), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakshir, K. (Keyvan), Palladino, R. (Raffaele), Pana, A. (Adrian), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Park, J. (James), Pasupula, D. K. (Deepak Kumar), Patel, J. R. (Jenil R.), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Patton, G. C. (George C.), Paulson, K. R. (Katherine R.), Toroudi, H. P. (Hamidreza Pazoki), Pease, S. A. (Spencer A.), Peden, A. E. (Amy E.), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Peprah, E. K. (Emmanuel K.), Pereira, A. (Alexandre), Pereira, D. M. (David M.), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pigott, D. M. (David M.), Pilgrim, T. (Thomas), Pilz, T. M. (Tessa M.), Piradov, M. A. (Michael A.), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Pokhrel, K. N. (Khem Narayan), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourjafar, H. (Hadi), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Poznanska, A. (Anna), Prada, S. I. (Sergio I.), Prakash, S. (Sanjay), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Syed, Z. Q. (Zahiruddin Quazi), Rabiee, M. (Mohammad), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Raggi, A. (Alberto), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rajabpour-Sanati, A. (Ali), Ram, P. (Pradhum), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rao, S. J. (Sowmya J.), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rashedi, V. (Vahid), Rastogi, P. (Prateek), Rathi, P. (Priya), Rawal, L. (Lal), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Rezaei, N. (Nima), Rezai, M. s. (Mohammad sadegh), Rezapour, A. (Aziz), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roshandel, G. (Gholamreza), Rostamian, M. (Morteza), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rwegerera, G. M. (Godfrey M.), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Saddik, B. (Basema), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Sadeghi, M. (Masoumeh), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safi, S. (Sare), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salama, J. S. (Joseph S.), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salem, M. R. (Marwa R. Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salomon, J. A. (Joshua A.), Salz, I. (Inbal), Samad, Z. (Zainab), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sarveazad, A. (Arash), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Sattin, D. (Davide), Saylan, M. (Mete), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Schiavolin, S. (Silvia), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Schwendicke, F. (Falk), Sekerija, M. (Mario), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shabani, M. (Mahsima), Shahabi, S. (Saeed), Shahbaz, M. (Mohammad), Shaheen, A. A. (Amira A.), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharafi, Z. (Zeinab), Sharara, F. (Fablina), Sharma, R. (Rajesh), Shaw, D. H. (David H.), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Il Shin, J. (Jae), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrime, M. G. (Mark G.), Shuval, K. (Kerem), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Sigfusdottir, I. D. (Inga Dora), Sigurvinsdottir, R. (Rannveig), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Simonetti, B. (Biagio), Simpson, K. E. (Kyle E.), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Skryabin, V. Y. (Valentin Yurievich), Soheili, A. (Amin), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Sorensen, R. J. (Reed J. D.), Soriano, J. B. (Joan B.), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Spurlock, E. E. (Emma Elizabeth), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Stockfelt, L. (Leo), Stokes, M. A. (Mark A.), Stubbs, J. L. (Jacob L.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Abdulkader, R. S. (Rizwan Suliankatchi), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabb, K. M. (Karen M.), Tadakamadla, S. K. (Santosh Kumar), Taherkhani, A. (Amir), Tang, M. (Muming), Taveira, N. (Nuno), Taylor, H. J. (Heather Jean), Teagle, W. L. (Whitney L.), Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (Arash), Teklehaimanot, B. F. (Berhane Fseha), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Thrift, A. G. (Amanda G.), Titova, M. V. (Mariya Vladimirovna), Tohidinik, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Tonelli, M. (Marcello), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Topouzis, F. (Fotis), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Tran, B. X. (Bach Xuan), Travillian, R. (Ravensara), Trias-Llimos, S. (Sergi), Truelsen, T. C. (Thomas Clement), Car, L. T. (Lorainne Tudor), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Upadhyay, E. (Era), Vacante, M. (Marco), Vakilian, A. (Alireza), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Valli, A. (Alessandro), Vardavas, C. (Constantine), Vasankari, T. J. (Tommi Juhani), Vasconcelos, A. M. (Ana Maria Nogales), Vasseghian, Y. (Yasser), Veisani, Y. (Yousef), Venketasubramanian, N. (Narayanaswamy), Vidale, S. (Simone), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vlassov, V. (Vasily), Vollset, S. E. (Stein Emil), Vos, T. (Theo), Vujcic, I. S. (Isidora S.), Vukovic, A. (Ana), Vukovic, R. (Rade), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. (Mitchell Taylor), Walters, M. K. (Magdalene K.), Wang, H. (Hongbo), Wang, Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang), Watson, S. (Stefanie), Wei, J. (Jingkai), Weiss, J. (Jordan), Weldesamuel, G. T. (Girmay Teklay), Werdecker, A. (Andrea), Westerman, R. (Ronny), Whiteford, H. A. (Harvey A.), Wiangkham, T. (Taweewat), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Wijeratne, T. (Tissa), Wiysonge, C. S. (Charles Shey), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wolfe, C. D. (Charles D. A.), Wondmieneh, A. B. (Adam Belay), Wool, E. E. (Eve E.), Wu, A.-M. (Ai-Min), Wu, J. (Junjie), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yamada, T. (Tomohide), Yamagishi, K. (Kazumasa), Yano, Y. (Yuichiro), Yaya, S. (Sanni), Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. (Vahid), Yearwood, J. A. (Jamal A.), Yeheyis, T. Y. (Tomas Y.), Yilgwan, C. S. (Christopher Sabo), Yip, P. (Paul), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Yoon, S.-J. (Seok-Jun), Lebni, J. Y. (Javad Yoosefi), York, H. W. (Hunter W.), Younis, M. Z. (Mustafa Z.), Younker, T. P. (Theodore Patrick), Yousefi, Z. (Zabihollah), Yousefinezhadi, T. (Taraneh), Yousuf, A. Y. (Abdilahi Yousuf), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Moghadam, T. Z. (Telma Zahirian), Zakzuk, J. (Josefina), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zamanian, M. (Maryam), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zhang, Z.-J. (Zhi-Jiang), Zheng, P. (Peng), Zhou, M. (Maigeng), Ziapour, A. (Arash), and Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.)
- Abstract
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated us
- Published
- 2020
26. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17
- Author
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Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Acharya, D. (Dilaram), Adabi, M. (Maryam), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhena, B. M. (Beyene Meressa), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Ahmad, S. (Sohail), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, R. (Rushdia), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, N. (Noore), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alamene, G. M. (Genet Melak), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Ali, B. A. (Beriwan Abdulqadir), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Almasi, A. (Ali), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J. (Nelson J.), Amini, S. (Saeed), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Anoushiravani, A. (Amir), Ansari, F. (Fereshteh), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, B. (Benny), Antriyandarti, E. (Ernoiz), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aref, H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Armoon, B. (Bahram), Arora, A. (Amit), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Arzani, A. (Afsaneh), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Atalay, H. T. (Hagos Tasew), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Athari, S. M. (Seyyede Masoume), Atre, S. R. (Sachin R.), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Awoke, N. (Nefsu), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Aynalem, Y. A. (Yared Asmare), Azari, S. (Samad), Azzopardi, P. S. (Peter S.), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Babalola, T. K. (Tesleem Kayode), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bairwa, M. (Mohan), Bakkannavar, S. M. (Shankar M.), Balakrishnan, S. (Senthilkumar), Bali, A. G. (Ayele Geleto), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banoub, J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar), Barac, A. (Aleksandra), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Basaleem, H. (Huda), Basu, S. (Sanjay), Bay, V. D. (Vo Dinh), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Baye, E. (Estifanos), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Beheshti, M. (Mahya), Behzadifar, M. (Masoud), Behzadifar, M. (Meysam), Bekele, B. B. (Bayu Begashaw), Belayneh, Y. M. (Yaschilal Muche), Bell, M. L. (Michelle L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Berbada, D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema), Bernstein, R. S. (Robert S.), Bhat, A. G. (Anusha Ganapati), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhattarai, S. (Suraj), Bhaumik, S. (Soumyadeep), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Birihane, B. M. (Binyam Minuye), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Bojia, H. A. (Hunduma Amensisa), Boufous, S. (Soufiane), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Bragazzi, N. L. (Nicola Luigi), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Britton, G. B. (Gabrielle B.), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Busse, R. (Reinhard), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), Camera, L. A. (Luis Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Cano, J. (Jorge), Car, J. (Josip), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A. (Carlos A.), Castro, F. (Franz), Chanie, W. F. (Wagaye Fentahun), Chatterjee, P. (Pranab), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chichiabellu, T. Y. (Tesfaye Yitna), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Christopher, D. J. (Devasahayam J.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cormier, N. M. (Natalie Maria), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Culquichicon, C. (Carlos), Daba, M. S. (Matiwos Soboka), Damiani, G. (Giovanni), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davey, G. (Gail), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Davis, A. C. (Adrian C.), Davitoiu, D. V. (Dragos Virgil), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), Demis, A. B. (Asmamaw Bizuneh), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demissie, G. D. (Getu Debalkie), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duko, B. (Bereket), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Kalan, M. E. (Mohammad Ebrahimi), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), El Sayed, I. (Iman), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elema, T. B. (Teshome Bekele), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa I.), Elkout, H. (Hajer), Elsharkawy, A. (Aisha), Elyazar, I. R. (Iqbal R. F.), Endalamaw, A. (Aklilu), Endalew, D. A. (Daniel Adane), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Esteghamati, A. (Alireza), Esteghamati, S. (Sadaf), Etemadi, A. (Arash), Ezekannagha, O. (Oluchi), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faridnia, R. (Roghiyeh), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Foroutan, M. (Masoud), Franklin, R. C. (Richard Charles), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Gayesa, R. T. (Reta Tsegaye), Gebre, T. (Teshome), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Gebremeskel, G. G. (Gebreamlak Gebremedhn), Gesesew, H. A. (Hailay Abrha), Gezae, K. E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghadiri, K. (Keyghobad), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Ghimire, P. R. (Pramesh Raj), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Gomes, N. G. (Nelson G. M.), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Grada, A. (Ayman), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Hailu, G. B. (Gessessew Bugssa), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Hamadeh, R. R. (Randah R.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed I.), Hasan, M. M. (Md Mehedi), Hasanpoor, E. (Edris), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassankhani, H. (Hadi), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed I.), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henry, N. J. (Nathaniel J.), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hoang, C. L. (Chi Linh), Rad, E. H. (Enayatollah Homaie), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hoseini, M. (Mohammad), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseini, M. (Mostafa), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hsairi, M. (Mohamed), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Hussen, M. M. (Mohammedaman Mama), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Igumbor, E. U. (Ehimario U.), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Izadi, N. (Neda), Jaca, A. (Anelisa), Jahanmehr, N. (Nader), Jakovljevic, M. (Mihajlo), Jalali, A. (Amir), Jayatilleke, A. U. (Achala Upendra), Jha, R. P. (Ravi Prakash), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Ji, J. S. (John S.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jozwiak, J. J. (Jacek Jerzy), Kabir, A. (Ali), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kahsay, A. (Amaha), Kalani, H. (Hamed), Kanchan, T. (Tanuj), Matin, B. K. (Behzad Karami), Karch, A. (Andre), Karim, M. A. (Mohd Anisul), Karki, H. K. (Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Kasahun, G. G. (Gebremicheal Gebreslassie), Kasahun, Y. C. (Yawukal Chane), Kasaye, H. K. (Habtamu Kebebe), Kassa, G. G. (Gebrehiwot G.), Kassa, G. M. (Getachew Mullu), Kayode, G. A. (Gbenga A.), Karyani, A. K. (Ali Kazemi), Kebede, M. M. (Mihiretu M.), Keiyoro, P. N. (Peter Njenga), Kelbore, A. G. (Abraham Getachew), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Ketema, D. B. (Daniel Bekele), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khafaie, M. A. (Morteza Abdullatif), Khalid, N. (Nauman), Khalilov, R. (Rovshan), Khan, E. A. (Ejaz Ahmad), Khan, J. (Junaid), Khan, M. N. (Md Nuruzzaman), Khan, M. S. (Muhammad Shahzeb), Khatab, K. (Khaled), Khater, A. M. (Amir M.), Khater, M. M. (Mona M.), Khayamzadeh, M. (Maryam), Khazaei, M. (Mohammad), Khazaei, S. (Salman), Khosravi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Khubchandani, J. (Jagdish), Kiadaliri, A. (Ali), Kim, Y. J. (Yun Jin), Kimokoti, R. W. (Ruth W.), Kisa, A. (Adnan), Kisa, S. (Sezer), Kissoon, N. (Niranjan), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), Kochhar, S. (Sonali), Kolola, T. (Tufa), Komaki, H. (Hamidreza), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Koul, P. A. (Parvaiz A.), Koyanagi, A. (Ai), Kraemer, M. U. (Moritz U. G.), Krishan, K. (Kewal), Kugbey, N. (Nuworza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kumar, M. (Manasi), Kumar, P. (Pushpendra), Kusuma, V. K. (Vivek Kumar Dian), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lacey, B. (Ben), Lad, S. D. (Sheetal D.), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Lam, F. (Felix), Lami, F. H. (Faris Hasan), Lamichhane, P. (Prabhat), Lansingh, V. C. (Van Charles), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Liu, S. (Simin), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), Longbottom, J. (Joshua), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Abd El Razek, H. M. (Hassan Magdy), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Manda, A. L. (Ana Laura), Manohar, N. D. (Narendar Dawani Dawanu), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Maravilla, J. C. (Joemer C.), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Massenburg, B. B. (Benjamin Ballard), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Mihretie, K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A. (Amjad), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mohammad, K. A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Molokhia, M. (Mariam), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moore, C. E. (Catrin E.), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Velasquez, I. M. (Ilais Moreno), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Muchie, K. F. (Kindie Fentahun), Mulaw, G. F. (Getahun Fentaw), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christoper J. L.), Murthy, G. V. (G. V. S.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Nabhan, A. F. (Ashraf F.), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naidoo, K. S. (Kovin S.), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nansseu, J. R. (Jobert Richie), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, C. T. (Cuong Tat), Nguyen, H. L. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, T. H. (Trang Huyen), Nigatu, D. (Dabere), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Nong, V. M. (Vuong Minh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Motlagh, S. N. (Soraya Nouraei), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogah, O. S. (Okechukwu Samuel), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olagunju, T. O. (Tinuke O.), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Oren, E. (Eyal), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris V.), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Paternina-Caicedo, A. J. (Angel J.), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patton, G. C. (George C.), Paudel, D. (Deepak), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Pereira, A. (Alexandre), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Piroozi, B. (Bakhtiar), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourjafar, H. (Hadi), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Prada, S. I. (Sergio I.), Prasad, N. (Narayan), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (Afarin), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, S. (Shafiur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Rana, S. M. (Saleem Muhammad), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Reta, M. A. (Melese Abate), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezai, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Rios-Blancas, M. (Maria), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roro, E. M. (Elias Merdassa), Ross, J. M. (Jennifer M.), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabde, Y. D. (Yogesh Damodar), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safari-Faramani, R. (Roya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi Sao), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarkar, K. (Kaushik), Sarker, A. R. (Abdur Razzaque), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Saxena, S. (Sonia), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shabaninejad, H. (Hosein), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shallo, S. A. (Seifadin Ahmed), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharifi, H. (Hamid), Shehata, H. S. (Hatem Samir), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shifti, D. M. (Desalegn Markos), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Il Shin, J. (Jae), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, V. (Virendra), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soltani, S. (Shahin), Somayaji, R. (Ranjani), Soofi, M. (Moslem), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sultana, M. (Marufa), Sunguya, B. F. (Bruno Fokas), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Tasew, A. A. (Aberash Abay), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, B. (Belay), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Toma, A. (Alemayehu), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Tran, B. X. (Bach Xuan), Tran, K. B. (Khanh Bao), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uzochukwu, B. S. (Benjamin S. Chudi), Valdez, P. R. (Pascual R.), Varughese, S. (Santosh), Violante, F. S. (Francesco S.), Vollmer, S. (Sebastian), Hawariat, F. G. (Feleke Gebremeskel W.), Waheed, Y. (Yasir), Wallin, M. T. 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(Nejimu Biza), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Zhao, X. G. (Xiu-Ju George), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.), Wiens, K. E. (Kirsten E.), Lindstedt, P. A. (Paulina A.), Blacker, B. F. (Brigette F.), Johnson, K. B. (Kimberly B.), Baumann, M. M. (Mathew M.), Schaeffer, L. E. (Lauren E.), Abbastabar, H. (Hedayat), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abdelalim, A. (Ahmed), Abdollahpour, I. (Ibrahim), Abegaz, K. H. (Kedir Hussein), Abejie, A. N. (Ayenew Negesse), Abreu, L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes), Abrigo, M. R. (Michael R. M.), Abualhasan, A. (Ahmed), Accrombessi, M. M. (Manfred Mario Kokou), Acharya, D. (Dilaram), Adabi, M. (Maryam), Adamu, A. A. (Abdu A.), Adebayo, O. M. (Oladimeji M.), Adedoyin, R. A. (Rufus Adesoji), Adekanmbi, V. (Victor), Adetokunboh, O. O. (Olatunji O.), Adhena, B. M. (Beyene Meressa), Afarideh, M. (Mohsen), Ahmad, S. (Sohail), Ahmadi, K. (Keivan), Ahmed, A. E. (Anwar E.), Ahmed, M. B. (Muktar Beshir), Ahmed, R. (Rushdia), Akalu, T. Y. (Temesgen Yihunie), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Al-Aly, Z. (Ziyad), Alam, N. (Noore), Alam, S. (Samiah), Alamene, G. M. (Genet Melak), Alanzi, T. M. (Turki M.), Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth), Ali, B. A. (Beriwan Abdulqadir), Alijanzadeh, M. (Mehran), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Aljunid, S. M. (Syed Mohamed), Almasi, A. (Ali), Almasi-Hashiani, A. (Amir), Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. (Hesham M.), Altirkawi, K. A. (Khalid A.), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J. (Nelson J.), Amini, S. (Saeed), Amit, A. M. (Arianna Maever L.), Andrei, C. L. (Catalina Liliana), Anjomshoa, M. (Mina), Anoushiravani, A. (Amir), Ansari, F. (Fereshteh), Antonio, C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.), Antony, B. (Benny), Antriyandarti, E. (Ernoiz), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aref, H. M. (Hany Mohamed Amin), Aremu, O. (Olatunde), Armoon, B. (Bahram), Arora, A. (Amit), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Arzani, A. (Afsaneh), Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (Mehran), Atalay, H. T. (Hagos Tasew), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Athari, S. M. (Seyyede Masoume), Atre, S. R. (Sachin R.), Ausloos, M. (Marcel), Awoke, N. (Nefsu), Quintanilla, B. P. (Beatriz Paulina Ayala), Ayano, G. (Getinet), Ayanore, M. A. (Martin Amogre), Aynalem, Y. A. (Yared Asmare), Azari, S. (Samad), Azzopardi, P. S. (Peter S.), Babaee, E. (Ebrahim), Babalola, T. K. (Tesleem Kayode), Badawi, A. (Alaa), Bairwa, M. (Mohan), Bakkannavar, S. M. (Shankar M.), Balakrishnan, S. (Senthilkumar), Bali, A. G. (Ayele Geleto), Banach, M. (Maciej), Banoub, J. A. (Joseph Adel Mattar), Barac, A. (Aleksandra), Barnighausen, T. W. (Till Winfried), Basaleem, H. (Huda), Basu, S. (Sanjay), Bay, V. D. (Vo Dinh), Bayati, M. (Mohsen), Baye, E. (Estifanos), Bedi, N. (Neeraj), Beheshti, M. (Mahya), Behzadifar, M. (Masoud), Behzadifar, M. (Meysam), Bekele, B. B. (Bayu Begashaw), Belayneh, Y. M. (Yaschilal Muche), Bell, M. L. (Michelle L.), Bennett, D. A. (Derrick A.), Berbada, D. A. (Dessalegn Ajema), Bernstein, R. S. (Robert S.), Bhat, A. G. (Anusha Ganapati), Bhattacharyya, K. (Krittika), Bhattarai, S. (Suraj), Bhaumik, S. (Soumyadeep), Bhutta, Z. A. (Zulfiqar A.), Bijani, A. (Ali), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Birihane, B. M. (Binyam Minuye), Biswas, R. K. (Raaj Kishore), Bohlouli, S. (Somayeh), Bojia, H. A. (Hunduma Amensisa), Boufous, S. (Soufiane), Brady, O. J. (Oliver J.), Bragazzi, N. L. (Nicola Luigi), Briko, A. N. (Andrey Nikolaevich), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Britton, G. B. (Gabrielle B.), Nagaraja, S. B. (Sharath Burugina), Busse, R. (Reinhard), Butt, Z. A. (Zahid A.), Camera, L. A. (Luis Alberto), Campos-Nonato, I. R. (Ismael R.), Cano, J. (Jorge), Car, J. (Josip), Cardenas, R. (Rosario), Carvalho, F. (Felix), Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A. (Carlos A.), Castro, F. (Franz), Chanie, W. F. (Wagaye Fentahun), Chatterjee, P. (Pranab), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chichiabellu, T. Y. (Tesfaye Yitna), Chin, K. L. (Ken Lee), Christopher, D. J. (Devasahayam J.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Cormier, N. M. (Natalie Maria), Costa, V. M. (Vera Marisa), Culquichicon, C. (Carlos), Daba, M. S. (Matiwos Soboka), Damiani, G. (Giovanni), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dang, A. K. (Anh Kim), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Darwish, A. H. (Amira Hamed), Daryani, A. (Ahmad), Das, J. K. (Jai K.), Das Gupta, R. (Rajat), Dash, A. P. (Aditya Prasad), Davey, G. (Gail), Davila-Cervantes, C. A. (Claudio Alberto), Davis, A. C. (Adrian C.), Davitoiu, D. V. (Dragos Virgil), De la Hoz, F. P. (Fernando Pio), Demis, A. B. (Asmamaw Bizuneh), Demissie, D. B. (Dereje Bayissa), Demissie, G. D. (Getu Debalkie), Demoz, G. T. (Gebre Teklemariam), Denova-Gutierrez, E. (Edgar), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Desalew, A. (Assefa), Deshpande, A. (Aniruddha), Dharmaratne, S. D. (Samath Dhamminda), Dhillon, P. (Preeti), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Dhungana, G. P. (Govinda Prasad), Diaz, D. (Daniel), Dipeolu, I. O. (Isaac Oluwafemi), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Doyle, K. E. (Kerrie E.), Dubljanin, E. (Eleonora), Duko, B. (Bereket), Duraes, A. R. (Andre Rodrigues), Kalan, M. E. (Mohammad Ebrahimi), Edinur, H. A. (Hisham Atan), Effiong, A. (Andem), Eftekhari, A. (Aziz), El Nahas, N. (Nevine), El Sayed, I. (Iman), Zaki, M. E. (Maysaa El Sayed), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Elema, T. B. (Teshome Bekele), Elhabashy, H. R. (Hala Rashad), El-Jaafary, S. I. (Shaimaa I.), Elkout, H. (Hajer), Elsharkawy, A. (Aisha), Elyazar, I. R. (Iqbal R. F.), Endalamaw, A. (Aklilu), Endalew, D. A. (Daniel Adane), Eskandarieh, S. (Sharareh), Esteghamati, A. (Alireza), Esteghamati, S. (Sadaf), Etemadi, A. (Arash), Ezekannagha, O. (Oluchi), Fareed, M. (Mohammad), Faridnia, R. (Roghiyeh), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fazlzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Feigin, V. L. (Valery L.), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fernandes, E. (Eduarda), Filip, I. (Irina), Fischer, F. (Florian), Foigt, N. A. (Nataliya A.), Folayan, M. O. (Morenike Oluwatoyin), Foroutan, M. (Masoud), Franklin, R. C. (Richard Charles), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gad, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Gayesa, R. T. (Reta Tsegaye), Gebre, T. (Teshome), Gebremedhin, K. B. (Ketema Bizuwork), Gebremeskel, G. G. (Gebreamlak Gebremedhn), Gesesew, H. A. (Hailay Abrha), Gezae, K. E. (Kebede Embaye), Ghadiri, K. (Keyghobad), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Ghimire, P. R. (Pramesh Raj), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Ginindza, T. G. (Themba G.), Gomes, N. G. (Nelson G. M.), Gopalani, S. V. (Sameer Vali), Goulart, A. C. (Alessandra C.), Goulart, B. N. (Barbara Niegia Garcia), Grada, A. (Ayman), Gubari, M. I. (Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen), Gugnani, H. C. (Harish Chander), Guido, D. (Davide), Guimaraes, R. A. (Rafael Alves), Guo, Y. (Yuming), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Haile, D. H. (Dessalegn H.), Hailu, G. B. (Gessessew Bugssa), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arya), Hamadeh, R. R. (Randah R.), Hamidi, S. (Samer), Handiso, D. W. (Demelash Woldeyohannes), Haririan, H. (Hamidreza), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Hasaballah, A. I. (Ahmed I.), Hasan, M. M. (Md Mehedi), Hasanpoor, E. (Edris), Hasanzadeh, A. (Amir), Hassankhani, H. (Hadi), Hassen, H. Y. (Hamid Yimam), Hegazy, M. I. (Mohamed I.), Heibati, B. (Behzad), Heidari, B. (Behnam), Hendrie, D. (Delia), Henry, N. J. (Nathaniel J.), Herteliu, C. (Claudiu), Heydarpour, F. (Fatemeh), de Hidru, H. D. (Hagos Degefa), Hird, T. R. (Thomas R.), Hoang, C. L. (Chi Linh), Rad, E. H. (Enayatollah Homaie), Hoogar, P. (Praveen), Hoseini, M. (Mohammad), Hossain, N. (Naznin), Hosseini, M. (Mostafa), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Househ, M. (Mowafa), Hsairi, M. (Mohamed), Hu, G. (Guoqing), Hussen, M. M. (Mohammedaman Mama), Ibitoye, S. E. (Segun Emmanuel), Igumbor, E. U. (Ehimario U.), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Imani-Nasab, M. H. (Mohammad Hasan), Iqbal, U. (Usman), Irvani, S. S. (Seyed Sina Naghibi), Islam, S. M. (Sheikh Mohammed Shariful), Iwu, C. J. (Chinwe Juliana), Izadi, N. 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(Savita), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Lee, P. H. (Paul H.), LeGrand, K. E. (Kate E.), Leili, M. (Mostafa), Lenjebo, T. L. (Tsegaye Lolaso), Leshargie, C. T. (Cheru Tesema), Levine, A. J. (Aubrey J.), Li, S. (Shanshan), Linn, S. (Shai), Liu, S. (Shiwei), Liu, S. (Simin), Lodha, R. (Rakesh), Longbottom, J. (Joshua), Lopez, J. C. (Jaifred Christian F.), Abd El Razek, H. M. (Hassan Magdy), Abd El Razek, M. M. (Muhammed Magdy), Prasad, D. R. (D. R. Mahadeshwara), Mahasha, P. W. (Phetole Walter), Mahotra, N. B. (Narayan B.), Majeed, A. (Azeem), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malta, D. C. (Deborah Carvalho), Mamun, A. A. (Abdullah A.), Manafi, N. (Navid), Manda, A. L. (Ana Laura), Manohar, N. D. (Narendar Dawani Dawanu), Mansournia, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Mapoma, C. C. (Chabila Christopher), Maravilla, J. C. (Joemer C.), Martinez, G. (Gabriel), Martini, S. (Santi), Martins-Melo, F. R. (Francisco Rogerlandio), Masaka, A. (Anthony), Massenburg, B. B. (Benjamin Ballard), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Mayala, B. K. (Benjamin K.), Mazidi, M. (Mohsen), McAlinden, C. (Colm), Meharie, B. G. (Birhanu Geta), Mehndiratta, M. M. (Man Mohan), Mehta, K. M. (Kala M.), Mekonnen, T. C. (Tefera Chane), Meles, G. G. (Gebrekiros Gebremichael), Memiah, P. T. (Peter T. N.), Memish, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Menezes, R. G. (Ritesh G.), Mereta, S. T. (Seid Tiku), Meretoja, T. J. (Tuomo J.), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Miazgowski, B. (Bartosz), Mihretie, K. M. (Kebadnew Mulatu), Miller, T. R. (Ted R.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Mirrakhimov, E. M. (Erkin M.), Moazen, B. (Babak), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A. (Amjad), Mohammad, D. K. (Dara K.), Mohammad, K. A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mezerji, N. M. (Naser Mohammad Gholi), Mohammadibakhsh, R. (Roghayeh), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammed, J. A. (Jemal Abdu), Mohammed, S. (Shafiu), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Molokhia, M. (Mariam), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Moodley, Y. (Yoshan), Moore, C. E. (Catrin E.), Moradi, G. (Ghobad), Moradi, M. (Masoud), Moradi-Joo, M. (Mohammad), Moradi-Lakeh, M. (Maziar), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morales, L. (Linda), Velasquez, I. M. (Ilais Moreno), Mosapour, A. (Abbas), Mouodi, S. (Simin), Mousavi, S. M. (Seyyed Meysam), Mozaffor, M. (Miliva), Muchie, K. F. (Kindie Fentahun), Mulaw, G. F. (Getahun Fentaw), Munro, S. B. (Sandra B.), Muriithi, M. K. (Moses K.), Murray, C. J. (Christoper J. L.), Murthy, G. V. (G. V. S.), Musa, K. I. (Kamarul Imran), Mustafa, G. (Ghulam), Muthupandian, S. (Saravanan), Nabhan, A. F. (Ashraf F.), Naderi, M. (Mehdi), Nagarajan, A. J. (Ahamarshan Jayaraman), Naidoo, K. S. (Kovin S.), Naik, G. (Gurudatta), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nangia, V. (Vinay), Nansseu, J. R. (Jobert Richie), Nascimento, B. R. (Bruno Ramos), Nazari, J. (Javad), Ndwandwe, D. E. (Duduzile Edith), Negoi, I. (Ionut), Netsere, H. B. (Henok Biresaw), Ngunjiri, J. W. (Josephine W.), Nguyen, C. T. (Cuong Tat), Nguyen, H. L. (Huong Lan Thi), Nguyen, T. H. (Trang Huyen), Nigatu, D. (Dabere), Nigatu, S. G. (Solomon Gedlu), Ningrum, D. N. (Dina Nur Anggraini), Nnaji, C. A. (Chukwudi A.), Nojomi, M. (Marzieh), Nong, V. M. (Vuong Minh), Norheim, O. F. (Ole F.), Noubiap, J. J. (Jean Jacques), Motlagh, S. N. (Soraya Nouraei), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Ogah, O. S. (Okechukwu Samuel), Ogbo, F. A. (Felix Akpojene), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Olagunju, T. O. (Tinuke O.), Olusanya, B. O. (Bolajoko Olubukunola), Olusanya, J. O. (Jacob Olusegun), Onwujekwe, O. E. (Obinna E.), Oren, E. (Eyal), Ortega-Altamirano, D. V. (Doris V.), Osarenotor, O. (Osayomwanbo), Osei, F. B. (Frank B.), Owolabi, M. O. (Mayowa O.), Mahesh, P. A. (P. A.), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pakhale, S. (Smita), Patel, S. K. (Sangram Kishor), Paternina-Caicedo, A. J. (Angel J.), Pathak, A. (Ashish), Patton, G. C. (George C.), Paudel, D. (Deepak), Paulos, K. (Kebreab), Pepito, V. C. (Veincent Christian Filipino), Pereira, A. (Alexandre), Perico, N. (Norberto), Pervaiz, A. (Aslam), Pescarini, J. M. (Julia Moreira), Piroozi, B. (Bakhtiar), Pirsaheb, M. (Meghdad), Postma, M. J. (Maarten J.), Pourjafar, H. (Hadi), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Prada, S. I. (Sergio I.), Prasad, N. (Narayan), Preotescu, L. (Liliana), Quintana, H. (Hedley), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radfar, A. (Amir), Rafiei, A. (Alireza), Rahim, F. (Fakher), Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (Afarin), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, M. H. (Mohammad Hifz Ur), Rahman, M. A. (Muhammad Aziz), Rahman, S. (Shafiur), Rajati, F. (Fatemeh), Rana, S. M. (Saleem Muhammad), Ranabhat, C. L. (Chhabi Lal), Rasella, D. (Davide), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawal, L. (Lal), Rawasia, W. F. (Wasiq Faraz), Renjith, V. (Vishnu), Renzaho, A. M. (Andre M. N.), Resnikoff, S. (Serge), Reta, M. A. (Melese Abate), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezai, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Riahi, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Ribeiro, A. I. (Ana Isabel), Rickard, J. (Jennifer), Rios-Blancas, M. (Maria), Roever, L. (Leonardo), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roro, E. M. (Elias Merdassa), Ross, J. M. (Jennifer M.), Rubagotti, E. (Enrico), Rubino, S. (Salvatore), Saad, A. M. (Anas M.), Sabde, Y. D. (Yogesh Damodar), Sabour, S. (Siamak), Sadeghi, E. (Ehsan), Safari, Y. (Yahya), Safari-Faramani, R. (Roya), Sagar, R. (Rajesh), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Sahraian, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Sajadi, S. M. (S. Mohammad), Salahshoor, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Salam, N. (Nasir), Salamati, P. (Payman), Salem, H. (Hosni), Salem, M. R. (Marwa Rashad), Salimi, Y. (Yahya), Salimzadeh, H. (Hamideh), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Sanabria, J. (Juan), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Jose, B. P. (Bruno Piassi Sao), Saraswathy, S. Y. (Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer), Sarkar, K. (Kaushik), Sarker, A. R. (Abdur Razzaque), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Sartorius, B. (Benn), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Sathish, T. (Thirunavukkarasu), Sawhney, M. (Monika), Saxena, S. (Sonia), Schwebel, D. C. (David C.), Senbeta, A. M. (Anbissa Muleta), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servan-Mori, E. (Edson), Shabaninejad, H. (Hosein), Shafieesabet, A. (Azadeh), Shaikh, M. A. (Masood Ali), Shalash, A. S. (Ali S.), Shallo, S. A. (Seifadin Ahmed), Shams-Beyranvand, M. (Mehran), Shamsi, M. (MohammadBagher), Shamsizadeh, M. (Morteza), Shannawaz, M. (Mohammed), Sharafi, K. (Kiomars), Sharifi, H. (Hamid), Shehata, H. S. (Hatem Samir), Sheikh, A. (Aziz), Shetty, B. S. (B. Suresh Kumar), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shiferaw, W. S. (Wondimeneh Shibabaw), Shifti, D. M. (Desalegn Markos), Shigematsu, M. (Mika), Il Shin, J. (Jae), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shirkoohi, R. (Reza), Siabani, S. (Soraya), Siddiqi, T. J. (Tariq Jamal), Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto Santos), Singh, A. (Ambrish), Singh, J. A. (Jasvinder A.), Singh, N. P. (Narinder Pal), Singh, V. (Virendra), Sisay, M. M. (Malede Mequanent), Skiadaresi, E. (Eirini), Sobhiyeh, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Sokhan, A. (Anton), Soltani, S. (Shahin), Somayaji, R. (Ranjani), Soofi, M. (Moslem), Sorrie, M. B. (Muluken Bekele), Soyiri, I. N. (Ireneous N.), Sreeramareddy, C. T. (Chandrashekhar T.), Sudaryanto, A. (Agus), Sufiyan, M. B. (Mu'awiyyah Babale), Suleria, H. A. (Hafiz Ansar Rasul), Sultana, M. (Marufa), Sunguya, B. F. (Bruno Fokas), Sykes, B. L. (Bryan L.), Tabares-Seisdedos, R. (Rafael), Tabuchi, T. (Takahiro), Tadesse, D. B. (Degena Bahrey), Tarigan, I. U. (Ingan Ukur), Tasew, A. A. (Aberash Abay), Tefera, Y. M. (Yonatal Mesfin), Tekle, M. G. (Merhawi Gebremedhin), Temsah, M.-H. (Mohamad-Hani), Tesfay, B. E. (Berhe Etsay), Tesfay, F. H. (Fisaha Haile), Tessema, B. (Belay), Tessema, Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse), Thankappan, K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman), Thomas, N. (Nihal), Toma, A. (Alemayehu), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tovani-Palone, M. R. (Marcos Roberto), Traini, E. (Eugenio), Tran, B. X. (Bach Xuan), Tran, K. B. (Khanh Bao), Ullah, I. (Irfan), Unnikrishnan, B. (Bhaskaran), Usman, M. S. (Muhammad Shariq), Uzochukwu, B. 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(Mahmoud), Yousof, H. S. (Hebat-Allah Salah A.), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Yusefzadeh, H. (Hasan), Zadey, S. (Siddhesh), Zaidi, Z. (Zoubida), Bin Zaman, S. (Sojib), Zamani, M. (Mohammad), Zandian, H. (Hamed), Zepro, N. B. (Nejimu Biza), Zerfu, T. A. (Taddese Alemu), Zhang, Y. (Yunquan), Zhao, X. G. (Xiu-Ju George), Ziapour, A. (Arash), Zodpey, S. (Sanjay), Zuniga, Y. M. (Yves Miel H.), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), and Reiner, R. C. (Robert C., Jr.)
- Abstract
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall O
- Published
- 2020
27. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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- Abstract
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each
- Published
- 2020
28. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study
- Author
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Roth, G, Mensah, G, Johnson, C, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, L, Barengo, N, Beaton, A, Benjamin, E, Benziger, C, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, T, Carapetis, J, Catapano, A, Chugh, S, Cooper, L, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Decleene, N, Eagle, K, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, V, Fernandez-Sola, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, S, He, F, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, H, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, A, Mokdad, A, Moran, A, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, A, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundstrom, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, I, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, P, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Fowkes, F, Misganaw, A, Oliveira, G, Sliwa, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, W, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, O, Ademi, Z, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, K, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, L, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, A, Awoke, M, Ayele, H, Ayza, M, Azari, S, B, D, Baheiraei, N, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baptista, E, Barboza, M, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bejot, Y, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, M, Boloor, A, Brant, L, Brenner, H, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Chin, K, Choi, J, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, V, Cundiff, D, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Gongora, V, De la Hoz, F, De Neve, J, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, B, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, R, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, A, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, E, Faris, P, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, A, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebregzabiher, K, Gebremeskel, G, Getacher, L, Obsa, A, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Glushkova, E, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Gonfa, K, Goudarzian, A, Goulart, A, Guadamuz, J, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, T, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hartono, R, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, C, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Islam, R, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, A, Katoto, P, Kayode, G, Khader, Y, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, E, Khatab, K, Kibria, G, Kim, Y, Kim, G, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, V, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kwan, G, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, W, Laxmaiah, A, Legrand, K, Li, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lugo, A, M, N, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mathur, M, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Meier, T, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, M, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, A, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Nagarajan, A, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, R, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Nixon, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nouthe, B, Nowak, C, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, S, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, V, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, H, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, M, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, D, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, M, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, W, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Roberts-Thomson, R, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, G, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, M, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, M, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Silva, D, Singh, J, Mtech, A, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Spurlock, E, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, E, Tadesse, D, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, B, Temsah, M, Tesema, A, Thakur, B, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thrift, A, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, J, Truelsen, T, Tsegay, G, Tsegaye, G, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, B, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, K, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, M, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Velazquez, D, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, R, Weldemariam, A, Westerman, R, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Wolfe, C, Wubishet, B, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, L, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, C, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, S, Zaman, M, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, Y, Roth G. A., Mensah G. A., Johnson C. O., Addolorato G., Ammirati E., Baddour L. M., Barengo N. C., Beaton A. Z., Benjamin E. J., Benziger C. P., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brodmann M., Cahill T. J., Carapetis J., Catapano A. L., Chugh S. S., Cooper L. T., Coresh J., Criqui M., DeCleene N., Eagle K. A., Emmons-Bell S., Feigin V. L., Fernandez-Sola J., Fowkes G., Gakidou E., Grundy S. M., He F. J., Howard G., Hu F., Inker L., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N., Koroshetz W., Lavie C., Lloyd-Jones D., Lu H. S., Mirijello A., Temesgen A. M., Mokdad A., Moran A. E., Muntner P., Narula J., Neal B., Ntsekhe M., Moraes de Oliveira G., Otto C., Owolabi M., Pratt M., Rajagopalan S., Reitsma M., Ribeiro A. L. P., Rigotti N., Rodgers A., Sable C., Shakil S., Sliwa-Hahnle K., Stark B., Sundstrom J., Timpel P., Tleyjeh I. M., Valgimigli M., Vos T., Whelton P. K., Yacoub M., Zuhlke L., Murray C., Fuster V., Beaton A., Carapetis J. R., Chugh S., Criqui M. H., DeCleene N. K., Fowkes F. G. R., Kassebaum N. J., Koroshetz W. J., Misganaw A. T., Mokdad A. H., Oliveira G. M. M., Otto C. M., Owolabi M. O., Reitsma M. B., Rigotti N. A., Sable C. A., Shakil S. S., Sliwa K., Stark B. A., Tleyjeh I. I., Zuhlke L. J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdi A., Abedi A., Aboyans V., Abrha W. A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Acharya D., Adair T., Adebayo O. M., Ademi Z., Advani S. M., Afshari K., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Alahdab F., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhabib K. F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alla F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anwer R., Appiah L. T., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayele H. T., Ayza M. A., Azari S., B D. B., Baheiraei N., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baptista E. A., Barboza M. A., Barua L., Basu S., Bedi N., Bejot Y., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berman A. E., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Brant L. C., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahill L. E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Car J., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chin K. L., Choi J. -Y. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cirillo M., Coffey S., Conti S., Costa V. M., Cundiff D. K., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davletov K., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De la Hoz F. P., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Deuschl G., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dhungana R. R., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebtehaj S., Eftekhari A., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Esteghamati S., Etisso A. E., Eyawo O., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandez Prendes C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Ganji M., Garg J., Gebre A. K., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebregzabiher K. Z., Gebremeskel G. G., Getacher L., Obsa A. G., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gillum R. F., Glushkova E. V., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Goudarzian A. H., Goulart A. C., Guadamuz J. S., Guha A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hartono R. K., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Iavicoli I., Ibeneme C. U., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Iso H., Iwagami M., Jain V., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahlon T., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamel I., Kandel H., Kandel A., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Khader Y. S., Khammarnia M., Khan M. S., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan E. A., Khatab K., Kibria G. M. A., Kim Y. J., Kim G. R., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Korshunov V. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Kwan G. F., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lawrence W. R., Laxmaiah A., LeGrand K. E., Li M. -C., Li B., Li S., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Lin H., Lin Z., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lugo A., M N. K., Madotto F., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mamun A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mathur M. R., Mazzaglia G., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M. M., Meier T., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammed S., Mohammed M. A., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Montasir A. A., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Moreno Velasquez I., Morze J., Mubarik S., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Nalini M., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Nazarzadeh M., Negoi R. I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Nixon M. R., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nouthe B. E., Nowak C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Ortiz A., Ostroff S. M., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Parekh U., Park E. -C., Parvizi M., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Pathak M., Paudel R., Pepito V. C. F., Perianayagam A., Perico N., Pham H. Q., Pilgrim T., Piradov M. A., Pishgar F., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Pourshams A., Pribadi D. R. A., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ur Rahman M. H., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramalingam S., Rana J., Ranasinghe P., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Roberts-Thomson R. L., Roever L., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Saadatagah S., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safari S., Sahebkar A., Salehi S., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shamali M., Shamsizadeh M., Shawon M. S. R., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin M. -J., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siabani S., Siddiqi T. J., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Mtech A. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soheili A., Spurlock E. E., Stockfelt L., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Tadbiri H., Tadesse E. G., Tadesse D. B., Tajdini M., Tariqujjaman M., Teklehaimanot B. F., Temsah M. -H., Tesema A. K., Thakur B., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thrift A. G., Timalsina B., Tonelli M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tripathi A., Tripathy J. P., Truelsen T. C., Tsegay G. M., Tsegaye G. W., Tsilimparis N., Tusa B. S., Tyrovolas S., Umapathi K. K., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M. S., Vaduganathan M., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Velazquez D. Z., Venketasubramanian N., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Wubishet B. L., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamagishi K., Yan L. L., Yandrapalli S., Yano Y., Yatsuya H., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C. S., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zachariah G., Zaman S. B., Zaman M. S., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zarghi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Zhong C., Zou Z., Zuniga Y. M. H., Murray C. J. L., Roth, G, Mensah, G, Johnson, C, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, L, Barengo, N, Beaton, A, Benjamin, E, Benziger, C, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, T, Carapetis, J, Catapano, A, Chugh, S, Cooper, L, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Decleene, N, Eagle, K, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, V, Fernandez-Sola, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, S, He, F, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, H, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, A, Mokdad, A, Moran, A, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, A, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundstrom, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, I, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, P, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Fowkes, F, Misganaw, A, Oliveira, G, Sliwa, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, W, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, 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- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside
- Published
- 2020
29. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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James, S, Castle, C, Dingels, Z, Fox, J, Hamilton, E, Liu, Z, S Roberts, N, Sylte, D, Henry, N, Legrand, K, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abedi, A, Abosetugn, A, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, R, Ahmed, M, Eddine Aichour, M, Alahdab, F, Alamene, G, Alanezi, F, Alebel, A, Alema, N, Alghnam, S, Al-Hajj, S, Ali, B, Ali, S, Alikhani, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, Y, Amini, S, Loreche Amit, A, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, C, Yaw Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Asghari, B, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bagli, E, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Baye, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, T, Belete, H, Benjet, C, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Borges, G, Borzi, A, Boufous, S, Brazinova, A, Briko, N, Budhathoki, S, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chanie, W, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, D, Kabir Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Colquhoun, S, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Damiani, G, Daryani, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demoz, G, Demsie, D, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, M, Da Silva, D, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubljanin, E, Adema, B, Eagan, A, Eftekhari, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Sayed Zaki, M, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, C, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Eskandarieh, S, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatahi, Y, Fekadu, W, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Franklin, R, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, B, Gebre, A, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremichael, B, Gedefaw, G, Geta, B, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, T, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Mohialdeen Gubari, M, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, H, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Haro, J, Hasan, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hayat, K, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Hijar, M, Ho, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Indriasih, E, Naghibi Irvani, S, Shariful Islam, S, Islam, M, Ivers, R, Jacobsen, K, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamil, T, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, H, Kavetskyy, T, Kebede, H, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Kelkay, B, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khanna, T, Khazaie, H, Shadmani, F, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Komaki, H, M Kondlahalli, S, Korshunov, V, Koyanagi, A, G Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kumar, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumaresh, G, Kurmi, O, Kuti, O, Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Laryea, D, Lasrado, S, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Leasher, J, Huey Lee, S, Lenjebo, T, Levi, M, Li, S, Linn, S, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Madadin, M, El Razek, M, Mahotra, N, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malagon-Rojas, J, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Manda, A, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Maravilla, J, March, L, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Meles, G, Melese, A, Melketsedik, Z, N Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Merie, H, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, K, Darwesh, A, Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Velasquez, I, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Mossie, T, Muluneh, A, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, A, Nagarajan, A, Naik, G, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, B, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Thi Nguyen, H, Nikbakhsh, R, Anggraini Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nyasulu, P, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Okunga, E, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Orpana, H, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Peden, A, Filipino Pepito, V, Pereira, J, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Pinheiro, M, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, D, Puri, P, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Ranganathan, K, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, N Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios Gonzalez, C, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saad, A, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safari, S, Safari-Faramani, R, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Sajadi, S, Salamati, P, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Rashad Salem, M, Salem, H, Salman, O, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Riera, L, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarker, A, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sawyer, S, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, D, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharifi, H, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Singh, P, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Smarandache, C, R Smith, E, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltanian, A, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Rasul Suleria, H, Sykes, B, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Taddele, B, Tadesse, D, Tamiru, A, Tarigan, I, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekle, M, Tekulu, G, Tesema, A, Tesfay, B, Thapar, R, Tilahune, A, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tripathy, J, Tsai, A, Car, L, Ullah, S, Ullah, I, Umar, M, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wolde, H, Woldeyes, D, Wondafrash, D, Wondmeneh, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, Y, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, A, Zare, F, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Degenhardt, L, Dharmaratne, S, Hay, S, Mokdad, A, Reiner Jr, R, Sartorius, B, Vos, T, James S. L., Castle C. D., Dingels Z. V., Fox J. T., Hamilton E. B., Liu Z., S Roberts N. L., Sylte D. O., Henry N. J., Legrand K. E., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R. S., Abedi A., Abosetugn A. E., Abushouk A. I., Adebayo O. M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahmad T., Ahmed R., Ahmed M. B., Eddine Aichour M. T., Alahdab F., Alamene G. M., Alanezi F. M., Alebel A., Alema N. M., Alghnam S. A., Al-Hajj S., Ali B. A., Ali S., Alikhani M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N. A., Altirkawi K., Abdeldayem Amer Y. S., Amini S., Loreche Amit A. M., Andrei C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., T Antonio C. A., Yaw Appiah S. C., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Ariani F., Arora A., Asaad M., Asghari B., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayano G., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Azarian G., Badawi A., Badiye A. D., Bagli E., Baig A. A., Bairwa M., Bakhtiari A., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S. K., Banik P. C., Banstola A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Barrero L. H., Barzegar A., Bayati M., Baye B. A., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T. T., Belete H., Benjet C., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berhe K., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A. G., Bhattacharyya K., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M. S., Borges G., Borzi A. M., Boufous S., Brazinova A., Briko N. I., Budhathoki S. S., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J. S., Chanie W. F., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chatziralli I., Chaudhary N., Cho D. Y., Kabir Chowdhury M. A., Chu D. -T., Colquhoun S. M., Constantin M. -M., Costa V. M., Damiani G., Daryani A., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Demeke F. M., Demis A. B., Demoz G. T., Demsie D. G., Derakhshani A., Deribe K., Desai R., Nasab M. D., Da Silva D. D., Dibaji Forooshani Z. S., Doyle K. E., Driscoll T. R., Dubljanin E., Adema B. D., Eagan A. W., Eftekhari A., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Sayed Zaki M. E., Elemineh D. A., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Ellingsen C. L., Emamian M. H., Endalew D. A., Eskandarieh S., Faris P. S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fatahi Y., Fekadu W., Ferede T. Y., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G. T., Filip I., Fischer F., Folayan M. O., Foroutan M., Francis J. M., Franklin R. C., Fukumoto T., Geberemariyam B. S., Gebre A. K., Gebremedhin K. B., Gebremeskel G. G., Gebremichael B., Gedefaw G. A., Geta B., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill T. K., Goulart A. C., Grada A., Grivna M., Mohialdeen Gubari M. I., Guimaraes R. A., Guo Y., Gupta G., Haagsma J. A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Bidgoli H. H., Hall B. J., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Haro J. M., Hasan M. M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R., Hayat K., Hendrie D., Heydarpour F., Hijar M., Ho H. C., Hoang C. L., Hole M. K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hu G., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I., Ilic M. D., Inbaraj L. R., Indriasih E., Naghibi Irvani S. S., Shariful Islam S. M., Islam M. M., Ivers R. Q., Jacobsen K. H., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jayaraman S., Jayatilleke A. U., Jha R. P., John-Akinola Y. O., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kamil T. A., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Kassaye H. G., Kavetskyy T., Kebede H. K., Keiyoro P. N., Kelbore A. G., Kelkay B., Khader Y. S., Khafaie M. A., Khalid N., Khalil I. A., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan E. A., Khan M., Khanna T., Khazaie H., Shadmani F. K., Khundkar R., Kiirithio D. N., Kim Y. -E., Kim D., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Komaki H., M Kondlahalli S. K., Korshunov V. A., Koyanagi A., G Kraemer M. U., Krishan K., Bicer B. K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kumar N., Kumar G. A., Kumar M., Kumaresh G., Kurmi O. P., Kuti O., Vecchia C. L., Lami F. H., Lamichhane P., Lang J. J., Lansingh V. C., Laryea D. O., Lasrado S., Latifi A., Lauriola P., Leasher J. L., Huey Lee S. W., Lenjebo T. L., Levi M., Li S., Linn S., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lotufo P. A., Lunevicius R., Lyons R. A., Madadin M., El Razek M. M. A., Mahotra N. B., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J. N., Maled V., Malekzadeh R., Malta D. C., Manafi N., Manafi A., Manda A. -L., Manjunatha N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Maravilla J. C., March L. M., Mason-Jones A. J., Masoumi S. Z., Massenburg B. B., Maulik P. K., Meles G. G., Melese A., Melketsedik Z. A., N Memiah P. T., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha M. B., Mengesha M. M., Meretoja T. J., Meretoja A., Merie H. E., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T. R., Mini G. K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K. A., Darwesh A. M., Gholi Mezerji N. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J. A., Mohebi F., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Velasquez I. M., Morisaki N., Morrison S. D., Mossie T. B., Muluneh A. G., Murthy S., Musa K. I., Mustafa G., Nabhan A. F., Nagarajan A. J., Naik G., Naimzada M. D., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nascimento B. R., Naserbakht M., Nayak V., Ndwandwe D. E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Thi Nguyen H. L., Nikbakhsh R., Anggraini Ningrum D. N., Nnaji C. A., Nyasulu P. S., Ogbo F. A., Oghenetega O. B., Oh I. -H., Okunga E. W., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Bali A. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Asante K. O., Orpana H. M., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Mahesh P. A., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Panda-Jonas S., Park E. -K., Patel S. K., Pathak A., Pati S., Patton G. C., Paulos K., Peden A. E., Filipino Pepito V. C., Pereira J., Pham H. Q., Phillips M. R., Pinheiro M., Polibin R. V., Polinder S., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Angga Pribadi D. R., Puri P., Syed Z. Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi S., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Rakovac I., Ranganathan K., Rao S. J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., N Renzaho A. M., Resnikoff S., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Rios Gonzalez C. M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Saad A. M., Sabde Y. D., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safari S., Safari-Faramani R., Safarpour H., Safdarian M., Sajadi S. M., Salamati P., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Rashad Salem M. R., Salem H., Salman O., Salz I., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Riera L. S., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sarker A. R., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sawyer S. M., Saxena S., Sayyah M., Schwebel D. C., Seedat S., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Seyedmousavi S., Sha F., Shaahmadi F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., Sharifi H., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I. D., Singh P. K., Singh J. A., Sinha D. N., Smarandache C. -G., R Smith E. U., Soheili A., Soleymani B., Soltanian A. R., Soriano J. B., Sorrie M. B., Soyiri I. N., Stein D. J., Stokes M. A., Sufiyan M. B., Rasul Suleria H. A., Sykes B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K. M., Taddele B. W., Tadesse D. B., Tamiru A. T., Tarigan I. U., Tefera Y. M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekle M. G., Tekulu G. H., Tesema A. K., Tesfay B. E., Thapar R., Tilahune A. B., Tlaye K. G., Tohidinik H. R., Topor-Madry R., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tripathy J. P., Tsai A. C., Car L. T., Ullah S., Ullah I., Umar M., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O. A., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Weldesamuel G. T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wolde H. F., Woldeyes D. H., Wondafrash D. Z., Wondmeneh T. G., Wondmieneh A. B., Wu A. -M., Yadav R., Yadollahpour A., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Youm Y., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yu Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T. Z., Zaidi Z., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarei A., Zare F., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Degenhardt L., Dharmaratne S. D., Hay S. I., Mokdad A. H., Reiner Jr R. C., Sartorius B., Vos T., James, S, Castle, C, Dingels, Z, Fox, J, Hamilton, E, Liu, Z, S Roberts, N, Sylte, D, Henry, N, Legrand, K, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abedi, A, Abosetugn, A, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, R, Ahmed, M, Eddine Aichour, M, Alahdab, F, Alamene, G, Alanezi, F, Alebel, A, Alema, N, Alghnam, S, Al-Hajj, S, Ali, B, Ali, S, Alikhani, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, Y, Amini, S, Loreche Amit, A, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, C, Yaw Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Asghari, B, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bagli, E, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Baye, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, T, Belete, H, Benjet, C, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Borges, G, Borzi, A, Boufous, S, Brazinova, A, Briko, N, Budhathoki, S, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chanie, W, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, D, Kabir Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Colquhoun, S, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Damiani, G, Daryani, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demoz, G, Demsie, D, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, M, Da Silva, D, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubljanin, E, Adema, B, Eagan, A, Eftekhari, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Sayed Zaki, M, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, C, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Eskandarieh, S, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatahi, Y, Fekadu, W, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Feyissa, G, Filip, 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- Abstract
Background: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
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- 2020
30. Estimation of the Potential Benefits of Meningococcal Vaccination in Children at 9 and 12 Months of Age Using a Predictive Mathematical Model
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Briko, N. I., primary, Volkova, O. I., additional, Korolyova, I. S., additional, Kurilovich, E. O., additional, Popovich, L. D., additional, and Feldblum, I. V., additional
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- 2020
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31. COVID-19: urgent questions for estimating morbidity, prevalence, case fatality rate and mortality rate
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Drapkina, O. M., primary, Samorodskaya, I. V., additional, Sivtseva, M. G., additional, Kakorina, E. P., additional, Briko, N. I., additional, Cherkasov, S. N., additional, Zinserling, V. A., additional, and Malkov, P. G., additional
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- 2020
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32. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection in adults from risk groups
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Briko, N. I., primary, Korshunov, V. A., additional, Vasilyeva, I. A., additional, and Vorobieva, A. D., additional
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- 2020
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33. Pandemic COVID-19. Prevention Measures in the Russian Federation
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Briko, N. I., primary, Kagramanyan, I. N., additional, Nikiforov, V. V., additional, Suranova, T. G., additional, Chernyavskaya, O. Р., additional, and Polezhaeva, N. A., additional
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- 2020
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34. Epidemiological parallels of community-acquired pneumonia, influenza and ARVI in Moscow
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Saltykova, T. S., primary, Zhigarlovskiy, B. A., additional, Briko, N. I., additional, and Vyazovichenko, Yu. V., additional
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- 2020
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35. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT
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Savilov, Evgeny D., primary, Briko, N. I., additional, and Kolesnikov, S. I., additional
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- 2020
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36. Comparative Assessment of Preventable Socioeconomic Damage in Different Approaches to the Prevention of Vaccine-Controlled Infections in the Framework of the National Vaccination Schedule
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Briko, N. I., primary, Popovich, L. D., additional, Mindlina, A. Ya., additional, Volkova, O. I., additional, and Kurilovich, E. O., additional
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- 2020
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37. Adherence to immunoprevention: how to change the situation?
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Briko, N. I., primary, Mindlina, A. Ya., additional, Galina, N. P., additional, Korshunov, V. A., additional, and Polibin, R. V., additional
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- 2019
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38. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection of adults at risk within the federal and regional programs
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Rudakova, A. V., primary, Briko, N. I., additional, Lobzin, Yu. V., additional, Namazova-Baranova, L. S., additional, Drapkina, O. M., additional, Avdeev, S. N., additional, Drozdova, L. Yu., additional, Ignatova, G. L., additional, Koroleva, I. S., additional, Korshunov, V. A., additional, and Kostinov, M. P., additional
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- 2019
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39. Epidemiological Monitoring of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Infections
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Briko, N. I., Filatov, N. N., Setchenov, I. M., Horaud, Thea, editor, Bouvet, Anne, editor, Leclercq, Roland, editor, de Montclos, Henri, editor, and Sicard, Michel, editor
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- 1997
- Full Text
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40. The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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Safiri, S, Sepanlou, S, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Salimzadeh, H, Delavari, A, Ansari, R, Roshandel, G, Merat, S, Fitzmaurice, C, Force, L, Nixon, M, Abbastabar, H, Abegaz, K, Afarideh, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alahdab, F, Ali, R, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Anber, N, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Azadmehr, A, Badawi, A, Baheiraei, N, Barnighausen, T, Basaleem, H, Behzadifar, M, Belayneh, Y, Berhe, K, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bjorge, T, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Cerin, E, Chiang, P, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Demoz, G, Desai, R, Dianati Nasab, M, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Emamian, M, Endries, A, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gallus, S, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hasanpour-Heidari, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hoang, C, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Islami, F, Jaca, A, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafari Delouei, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Joukar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khaksarian, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, E, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, J, Komaki, H, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Kuipers, E, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Majidinia, M, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mantovani, L, Mehta, D, Meier, T, Meles, H, Mendoza, W, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mohammad, K, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, T, Ningrum, D, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Pana, A, Pereira, D, Pirestani, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rahmati, M, Rajati, F, Raoofi, S, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Saddik, B, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Satpathy, M, Schneider, I, Sekerija, M, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shirkoohi, R, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Sisay, M, Smarandache, C, Soofi, M, Soreide, K, Soshnikov, S, Starodubov, V, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Sullman, M, Taherkhani, A, Tesfay, B, Topor-Madry, R, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Valli, A, Varavikova, E, Vujcic, I, Westerman, R, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yisma, E, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zahirian Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zandian, H, Zhang, Z, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Malekzadeh, R, Safiri S., Sepanlou S. G., Ikuta K. S., Bisignano C., Salimzadeh H., Delavari A., Ansari R., Roshandel G., Merat S., Fitzmaurice C., Force L. M., Nixon M. R., Abbastabar H., Abegaz K. H., Afarideh M., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemiju T., Alahdab F., Ali R., Alikhani M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Anber N. H., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Azadmehr A., Badawi A., Baheiraei N., Barnighausen T. W., Basaleem H., Behzadifar M., Belayneh Y. M., Berhe K., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bjorge T., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Carreras G., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Cerin E., Chiang P. P. -C., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Daryani A., Davitoiu D. V., Demoz G. T., Desai R., Dianati Nasab M., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Elbarazi I., Emamian M. H., Endries A. Y., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etemadi A., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Filip I., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gallus S., Ghaseni-Kebria F., Ghashghaee A., Gorini G., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hasanpour-Heidari S., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hoang C. L., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Islami F., Jaca A., Jafari Balalami N., Jafari Delouei N., Jafarinia M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Joukar F., Kasaeian A., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kengne A. P., Khader Y. S., Khaksarian M., Khalilov R., Khan E. A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khosravi Shadmani F., Khubchandani J., Kim D., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kocarnik J. M., Komaki H., Kopec J. A., Koyanagi A., Kuipers E. J., Kumar V., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Majeed A., Majidinia M., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manda A. -L., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mantovani L. G., Mehta D., Meier T., Meles H. G., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen T. H., Ningrum D. N. A., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Pana A., Pereira D. M., Pirestani M., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rahmati M., Rajati F., Raoofi S., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Saad A. M., Saadatagah S., Saddik B., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Salz I., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Satpathy M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Shaahmadi F., Shabaninejad H., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi Z., Sharif M., Sharifi A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shirkoohi R., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Sisay M., Smarandache C. -G., Soofi M., Soreide K., Soshnikov S., Starodubov V. I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Sullman M., Taherkhani A., Tesfay B. E., Topor-Madry R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Ullah I., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vahedian-Azimi A., Valli A., Varavikova E., Vujcic I. S., Westerman R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yisma E., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zandian H., Zhang Z. -J., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Malekzadeh R., Safiri, S, Sepanlou, S, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Salimzadeh, H, Delavari, A, Ansari, R, Roshandel, G, Merat, S, Fitzmaurice, C, Force, L, Nixon, M, Abbastabar, H, Abegaz, K, Afarideh, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alahdab, F, Ali, R, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Anber, N, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Azadmehr, A, Badawi, A, Baheiraei, N, Barnighausen, T, Basaleem, H, Behzadifar, M, Belayneh, Y, Berhe, K, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bjorge, T, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Cerin, E, Chiang, P, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Demoz, G, Desai, R, Dianati Nasab, M, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Emamian, M, Endries, A, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gallus, S, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hasanpour-Heidari, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hoang, C, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Islami, F, Jaca, A, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafari Delouei, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Joukar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khaksarian, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, E, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, J, Komaki, H, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Kuipers, E, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Majidinia, M, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mantovani, L, Mehta, D, Meier, T, Meles, H, Mendoza, W, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mohammad, K, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, T, Ningrum, D, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Pana, A, Pereira, D, Pirestani, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rahmati, M, Rajati, F, Raoofi, S, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Saddik, B, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Satpathy, M, Schneider, I, Sekerija, M, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shirkoohi, R, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Sisay, M, Smarandache, C, Soofi, M, Soreide, K, Soshnikov, S, Starodubov, V, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Sullman, M, Taherkhani, A, Tesfay, B, Topor-Madry, R, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Valli, A, Varavikova, E, Vujcic, I, Westerman, R, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yisma, E, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zahirian Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zandian, H, Zhang, Z, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Malekzadeh, R, Safiri S., Sepanlou S. G., Ikuta K. S., Bisignano C., Salimzadeh H., Delavari A., Ansari R., Roshandel G., Merat S., Fitzmaurice C., Force L. M., Nixon M. R., Abbastabar H., Abegaz K. H., Afarideh M., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemiju T., Alahdab F., Ali R., Alikhani M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Anber N. H., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Azadmehr A., Badawi A., Baheiraei N., Barnighausen T. W., Basaleem H., Behzadifar M., Belayneh Y. M., Berhe K., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bjorge T., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Carreras G., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Cerin E., Chiang P. P. -C., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Daryani A., Davitoiu D. V., Demoz G. T., Desai R., Dianati Nasab M., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Elbarazi I., Emamian M. H., Endries A. Y., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etemadi A., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Filip I., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gallus S., Ghaseni-Kebria F., Ghashghaee A., Gorini G., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hasanpour-Heidari S., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hoang C. L., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Islami F., Jaca A., Jafari Balalami N., Jafari Delouei N., Jafarinia M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Joukar F., Kasaeian A., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kengne A. P., Khader Y. S., Khaksarian M., Khalilov R., Khan E. A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khosravi Shadmani F., Khubchandani J., Kim D., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kocarnik J. M., Komaki H., Kopec J. A., Koyanagi A., Kuipers E. J., Kumar V., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Majeed A., Majidinia M., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manda A. -L., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mantovani L. G., Mehta D., Meier T., Meles H. G., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen T. H., Ningrum D. N. A., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Pana A., Pereira D. M., Pirestani M., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rahmati M., Rajati F., Raoofi S., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Saad A. M., Saadatagah S., Saddik B., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Salz I., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Satpathy M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Shaahmadi F., Shabaninejad H., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi Z., Sharif M., Sharifi A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shirkoohi R., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Sisay M., Smarandache C. -G., Soofi M., Soreide K., Soshnikov S., Starodubov V. I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Sullman M., Taherkhani A., Tesfay B. E., Topor-Madry R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Ullah I., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vahedian-Azimi A., Valli A., Varavikova E., Vujcic I. S., Westerman R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yisma E., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zandian H., Zhang Z. -J., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., and Malekzadeh R.
- Abstract
Background: Data about the global, regional, and country-specific variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy, and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the association between development levels and colorectal cancer age-standardised DALY rates, and calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. All of the estimates are reported as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years, with some estimates also presented by sex and 5-year age groups. Findings: In 2017, there were 1·8 million (95% UI 1·8–1·9) incident cases of colorectal cancer globally, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 23·2 (22·7–23·7) per 100 000 person-years that increased by 9·5% (4·5–13·5) between 1990 and 2017. Globally, colorectal cancer accounted for 896 000 (876 300–915 700) deaths in 2017, with an age-standardised death rate of 11·5 (11·3–11·8) per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−13·5% [–18·4 to −10·0]). Colorectal cancer was also responsible for 19·0 million (18·5–19·5) DALYs globally in 2017, with an age-standardised rate of 235·7 (229·7–242·0) DALYs per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−14·5% [–20·4 to −10·3]). Slovakia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand had the highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017. Greenland, Hungary, and Slovakia had the highest age-standardised death rates in 2017. Numbers of incident cases and deaths were higher
- Published
- 2019
41. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study
- Author
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Fitzmaurice, C, Abate, D, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulle, A, Abebe, N, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abualhasan, A, Adedeji, I, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Agius, D, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadian, E, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemiju, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alabdulkader, A, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alamene, G, Alemnew, B, Alene, K, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Bakeshei, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Amini, S, Amoako, Y, Anbari, Z, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansariadi, A, Appiah, S, Arab-Zozani, M, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ashagre, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, H, Babaee, E, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bagli, E, Balakrishnan, S, Balouchi, A, Barnighausen, T, Battista, R, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belay, Y, Belayneh, Y, Berfield, K, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Bhakta, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Birungi, C, Bisignano, C, Bitew, H, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bogale, K, Bojia, H, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Brewer, J, Briko, A, Briko, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, Z, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chanie, W, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chauhan, N, Chehrazi, M, Chiang, P, Chichiabellu, T, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Chimed-Ochir, O, Choi, J, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Crocetti, E, Crowe, C, Curado, M, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das Neves, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, B, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desta, M, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, 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- Abstract
Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo
- Published
- 2019
42. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
- Author
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Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. A., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Bakeshei, F. A., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, E., Amini, S., Amoako, Y. A., Anbari, Z., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansariadi, A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani, M., Arabloo, J., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Areri, H. A., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Asfaw, E. T., Ashagre, A. F., Assadi, R., Ataeinia, B., Atalay, H. T., Ataro, Z., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Awoke, N., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayanore, M. A., Ayele, H. T., Babaee, E., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bagherzadeh, M., Bagli, E., Balakrishnan, S., Balouchi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Battista, R. J., Behzadifar, M., Bekele, B. B., Belay, Y. B., Belayneh, Y. M., Berfield, K. K. S., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Beuran, M., Bhakta, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Biadgo, B., Bijani, A., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Birungi, C., Bisignano, C., Bitew, H., Bjørge, T., Bleyer, A., Bogale, K. A., Bojia, H. A., Borzì, A. M., Bosetti, C., Bou-Orm, I. R., Brenner, H., Brewer, J. D., Briko, A. N., Briko, N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira, M. T., Butt, Z. A., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castro, C., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chaiah, Y., Chanie, W. F., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, P., Chauhan, N. S., Chehrazi, M., Chiang, P. P. -C, Chichiabellu, T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi, O. G., Chimed-Ochir, O., Choi, J. -YJ., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T, Constantin, M. -M, Costa, V. M., Crocetti, E., Crowe, C. S., Curado, M. P., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Darwish, A. H., Daryani, A., Das Neves, J., Demeke, F. M., Demis, A. B., Demissie, B. W., Demoz, G. T., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Derakhshani, A., Deribe, K. S., Desai, R., Desalegn, B. B., Desta, M., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T. T., Djalalinia, S., Doku, D. T., Drake, T. M., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Duken, E. E., Ebrahimi, H., Effiong, A., Eftekhari, A., El Sayed, I., Zaki, M. E. S., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Elemineh, D. A., Elkout, H., Ellenbogen, R. G., Elsharkawy, A., Emamian, M. H., Endalew, D. A., Endries, A. Y., Eshrati, B., Fadhil, I., Fallah, V., Faramarzi, M., Farhangi, M. A., Farioli, A., Farzadfar, F., Fentahun, N., Fernandes, E., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Force, L. M., Foroutan, M., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Futran, N. D., Gallus, S., Gankpe, F. G., Gayesa, R. T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gedefaw, G. A., Gelaw, B. K., Geta, B., Getachew, S., Gezae, K. E., Ghafourifard, M., Ghajar, A., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gill, P. S., Ginindza, T. T. G., Girmay, A., Gizaw, M., Gomez, R. S., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B. N. G., Grada, A., Ribeiro Guerra, M., Guimaraes, A. L. S., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, R., Hadkhale, K., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hanfore, L. K., Haro, J. M., Hasankhani, M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassen, H. Y., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hidru, H. D., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hoogar, P., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hussen, M. M., Ileanu, B., Ilic, M. D., Innos, K., Irvani, S. S. N., Iseh, K. R., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Jafari Balalami, N., Jafarinia, M., Jahangiry, L., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., James, S. L., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S., Jee, S. H., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jonnagaddala, J., Joo, T., Jungari, S. B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kamangar, F., Karch, A., Karimi, N., Karimian, A., Kasaeian, A., Kasahun, G. G., Kassa, B., Kassa, T. D., Kassaw, M. W., Kaul, A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Kerbo, A. A., Khader, Y. S., Khalilarjmandi, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khang, Y. -H, Khatab, K., Khater, A., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., Khazaei, S., Khoja, A. T., Khosravi, M. H., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Komaki, H., Koyanagi, A., Krohn, K. J., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kuupiel, D., La Vecchia, C., Lad, D. P., Lake, E. A., Lakew, A. M., Lal, D. K., Lami, F. H., Lan, Q., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Liao, Y., Limenih, M. A., Listl, S., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lunevicius, R., Madadin, M., Magdeldin, S., El Razek, H. M. A., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manafi, A., Manafi, N., Manamo, W. A., Mansourian, M., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Maroufizadeh, S., Martini, S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Massenburg, B. B., Maswabi, M. T., Mathur, M. R., McAlinden, C., McKee, M., Meheretu, H. A. A., Mehrotra, R., Mehta, V., Meier, T., Melaku, Y. A., Meles, G. G., Meles, H. G., Melese, A., Melku, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Merat, S., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mihretie, K. M. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mir, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, H. R., Mishra, R., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moossavi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Joo, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradpour, F., Morawska, L., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Morisaki, N., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi, S. M., Muche, A. A., Muhammed, O. S. S., Musa, J., Nabhan, A. R., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Nahvijou, A., Naik, G., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nam, H. S., Nasiri, N., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Neupane, S., Newcomb, P. A., Nggada, H. A., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nikniaz, L., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nirayo, Y. L., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nojomi, M., Nosratnejad, S., Shiadeh, M. N., Obsa, M. S., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Oluwasanu, M. M., Omonisi, A. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Oommen, A. M., Oren, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ota, E., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, A., Park, E. -K, Parsian, H., Pashaei, T., Patel, S., Patil, S. T., Pennini, A., Pereira, D. M., Piccinelli, C., Pillay, J. D., Pirestani, M., Pishgar, F., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, M., Rahman, M. A., Rajati, F., Rana, S. M., Raoofi, S., Rath, G. K., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R. C., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Ribeiro, D., Ronfani, L., Roro, E. M., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Saad, R. S., Sabbagh, P., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Safiri, S., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M. R., Salehi, F., Salem, H., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schneider, I. J. C., Schöttker, B., Sekerija, M., Sepanlou, S. G., Sepehrimanesh, M., Seyedmousavi, S., Shaahmadi, F., Shabaninejad, H., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M. A., Shamshirian, A., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, H., Sharafi, Z., Sharif, M., Sharifi, A., Sharifi, H., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shirkoohi, R., Shukla, S. R., Si, S., Siabani, S., Silva, D. A. S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, A., Singh, J. A., Sisay, S., Sitas, F., Sobngwi, E., Soofi, M., Soriano, J. B., Stathopoulou, V., Sufiyan, M. B., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Takahashi, K., Tamtaji, O. R., Tarawneh, M. R., Tassew, S. G., Taymoori, P., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M. -H, Temsah, O., Tesfay, B. E., Tesfay, F. H., Teshale, M. Y., Tessema, G. A., Thapa, S., Tlaye, K. G., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tsadik, A. G., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Varona Pérez, P., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Vosoughi, K., Vu, G. T., Vujcic, I. S., Wabinga, H., Wachamo, T. M., Wagnew, F. S., Waheed, Y., Weldegebreal, F., Weldesamuel, G. T., Wijeratne, T., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wonde, T. E., Wondmieneh, A. B., Workie, H. M., Yadav, R., Yadegar, A., Yadollahpour, A., Yaseri, M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yeshaneh, A., Yimam, M. A., Yimer, E. M., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, B., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zabeh, E., Zadnik, V., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zangeneh, A., Zaki, L., Zendehdel, K., Zenebe, Z. M., Zewale, T. A., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Murray, C. J. L., Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration,, Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. A., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Bakeshei, F. A., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, E., Amini, S., Amoako, Y. A., Anbari, Z., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansariadi, A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani, M., Arabloo, J., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Areri, H. A., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Asfaw, E. T., Ashagre, A. F., Assadi, R., Ataeinia, B., Atalay, H. T., Ataro, Z., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Awoke, N., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayanore, M. A., Ayele, H. T., Babaee, E., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bagherzadeh, M., Bagli, E., Balakrishnan, S., Balouchi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Battista, R. J., Behzadifar, M., Bekele, B. B., Belay, Y. B., Belayneh, Y. M., Berfield, K. K. S., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Beuran, M., Bhakta, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Biadgo, B., Bijani, A., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Birungi, C., Bisignano, C., Bitew, H., Bjørge, T., Bleyer, A., Bogale, K. A., Bojia, H. A., Borzì, A. M., Bosetti, C., Bou-Orm, I. R., Brenner, H., Brewer, J. D., Briko, A. N., Briko, N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira, M. T., Butt, Z. A., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castro, C., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chaiah, Y., Chanie, W. F., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, P., Chauhan, N. S., Chehrazi, M., Chiang, P. P. -C, Chichiabellu, T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi, O. G., Chimed-Ochir, O., Choi, J. -YJ., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T, Constantin, M. -M, Costa, V. M., Crocetti, E., Crowe, C. S., Curado, M. P., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Darwish, A. H., Daryani, A., Das Neves, J., Demeke, F. M., Demis, A. B., Demissie, B. W., Demoz, G. T., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Derakhshani, A., Deribe, K. S., Desai, R., Desalegn, B. B., Desta, M., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T. T., Djalalinia, S., Doku, D. T., Drake, T. M., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Duken, E. E., Ebrahimi, H., Effiong, A., Eftekhari, A., El Sayed, I., Zaki, M. E. S., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Elemineh, D. A., Elkout, H., Ellenbogen, R. G., Elsharkawy, A., Emamian, M. H., Endalew, D. A., Endries, A. Y., Eshrati, B., Fadhil, I., Fallah, V., Faramarzi, M., Farhangi, M. A., Farioli, A., Farzadfar, F., Fentahun, N., Fernandes, E., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Force, L. M., Foroutan, M., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Futran, N. D., Gallus, S., Gankpe, F. G., Gayesa, R. T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gedefaw, G. A., Gelaw, B. K., Geta, B., Getachew, S., Gezae, K. E., Ghafourifard, M., Ghajar, A., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gill, P. S., Ginindza, T. T. G., Girmay, A., Gizaw, M., Gomez, R. S., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B. N. G., Grada, A., Ribeiro Guerra, M., Guimaraes, A. L. S., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, R., Hadkhale, K., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hanfore, L. K., Haro, J. M., Hasankhani, M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassen, H. Y., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hidru, H. D., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hoogar, P., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hussen, M. M., Ileanu, B., Ilic, M. D., Innos, K., Irvani, S. S. N., Iseh, K. R., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Jafari Balalami, N., Jafarinia, M., Jahangiry, L., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., James, S. L., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S., Jee, S. H., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jonnagaddala, J., Joo, T., Jungari, S. B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kamangar, F., Karch, A., Karimi, N., Karimian, A., Kasaeian, A., Kasahun, G. G., Kassa, B., Kassa, T. D., Kassaw, M. W., Kaul, A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Kerbo, A. A., Khader, Y. S., Khalilarjmandi, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khang, Y. -H, Khatab, K., Khater, A., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., Khazaei, S., Khoja, A. T., Khosravi, M. H., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Komaki, H., Koyanagi, A., Krohn, K. J., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kuupiel, D., La Vecchia, C., Lad, D. P., Lake, E. A., Lakew, A. M., Lal, D. K., Lami, F. H., Lan, Q., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Liao, Y., Limenih, M. A., Listl, S., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lunevicius, R., Madadin, M., Magdeldin, S., El Razek, H. M. A., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manafi, A., Manafi, N., Manamo, W. A., Mansourian, M., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Maroufizadeh, S., Martini, S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Massenburg, B. B., Maswabi, M. T., Mathur, M. R., McAlinden, C., McKee, M., Meheretu, H. A. A., Mehrotra, R., Mehta, V., Meier, T., Melaku, Y. A., Meles, G. G., Meles, H. G., Melese, A., Melku, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Merat, S., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mihretie, K. M. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mir, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, H. R., Mishra, R., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moossavi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Joo, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradpour, F., Morawska, L., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Morisaki, N., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi, S. M., Muche, A. A., Muhammed, O. S. S., Musa, J., Nabhan, A. R., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Nahvijou, A., Naik, G., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nam, H. S., Nasiri, N., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Neupane, S., Newcomb, P. A., Nggada, H. A., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nikniaz, L., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nirayo, Y. L., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nojomi, M., Nosratnejad, S., Shiadeh, M. N., Obsa, M. S., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Oluwasanu, M. M., Omonisi, A. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Oommen, A. M., Oren, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ota, E., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, A., Park, E. -K, Parsian, H., Pashaei, T., Patel, S., Patil, S. T., Pennini, A., Pereira, D. M., Piccinelli, C., Pillay, J. D., Pirestani, M., Pishgar, F., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, M., Rahman, M. A., Rajati, F., Rana, S. M., Raoofi, S., Rath, G. K., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R. C., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Ribeiro, D., Ronfani, L., Roro, E. M., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Saad, R. 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- Abstract
Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo
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- 2019
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43. Epidemiological Monitoring of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Infections
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Briko, N. I., primary, Filatov, N. N., additional, and Setchenov, I. M., additional
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- 1997
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44. The Modern Concept of Development of Vaccine Prevention in Russia
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Briko, N. I., primary and Feldblyum, I. V., additional
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- 2019
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45. Epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory viral infection and influenza in Russian Federation and Moscow
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Saltykova, T. S., primary, Zhigarlovsky, B. A., additional, Ivanenko, A. V., additional, Volkova, N. A., additional, Antonova, V. I., additional, and Briko, N. I., additional
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- 2019
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46. Federal Clinical Guidelines on Preventive Vaccination Against Pneumococcal infections in Adults
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Chuchalin, A. G., primary, Briko, N. I., additional, Avdeev, S. N., additional, Belevskiy, A. S., additional, Bilichenko, T. N., additional, Demko, I. V., additional, Drapkina, O. M., additional, Zhestkov, A. V., additional, Zaytsev, A. V., additional, Ignatova, G. L., additional, Kovalishena, O. V., additional, Korshuchnov, V. A., additional, Kostinov, M. P., additional, Mishlanov, V. Yu., additional, Sidorenko, S. V., additional, Trushenko, N. V., additional, Shubin, I. V., additional, and Fel’dblyum, I. V., additional
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- 2019
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47. STREPTOCOCCAL (GROUP A) INFECTION IN RUSSIA: STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
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Briko, N. I., primary, Glushkova, E. V., additional, Kakorina, E. P., additional, and Nikitin, N. V., additional
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- 2019
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48. PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL AND PROPHYLACTIC CASE AS THE BASIS OF PREPARATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL PREVENTION
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Khizgiyaev, V. I., primary, Briko, N. I., additional, Kuchma, V. R., additional, Melnichenko, P. I., additional, Gordeeva, T. I., additional, and Volkova, N. A., additional
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- 2019
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49. Healthcare-Associated Infections: Modern Doctrine of Prophylaxis. Part II. Basic Concept
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Brusina, E. B., primary, Zuyeva, L. P., additional, Kovalishena, O. V., additional, Stasenko, V. L., additional, Feldblium, I. V., additional, Briko, N. I., additional, and Akimkin, V. G., additional
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- 2019
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50. Antibacterial Activity of Benzydamine Hydrochloride against Clinical Isolates of Bacteria, isolated from people in Russia and Spain
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Slukin, P. V., primary, Fursova, N. K., additional, and Briko, N. I., additional
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- 2019
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