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2. P186 Impact of glucocorticoids on appearance and sense of self in rheumatic diseases

Author

Lax, Stephanie J, primary, Dures, Emma, additional, Bridgewater, Susan, additional, Silverthorne, Christine, additional, Lowndes, Vivien, additional, Richards, Pamela, additional, Dawson, Jill, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Goodman, Susan, additional, Mackie, Sarah L, additional, Ndosi, Mwidimi E, additional, Pearce, Fiona A, additional, and Robson, Joanna, additional

Published
2024
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5. Measuring the impact of steroid therapy on health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatic diseases: international development of a glucocorticoid treatment–specific patient-reported outcome measure.

Author

Bridgewater, Susan, Shepherd, Michael A, Dawson, Jill, Richards, Pamela, Silverthorne, Christine, Ndosi, Mwidimi, Almeida, Celia, Black, Rachel J, Cheah, Jonathan T L, Dures, Emma, Ghosh, Nilasha, Hoon, Elizabeth A, Lyne, Suellen, Navarro-Millan, Iris, Pearce-Fisher, Diyu, Ruediger, Carlee, Tieu, Joanna, Yip, Kevin, Mackie, Sarah L, and Goodman, Susan

Subjects
*DRUG therapy for rheumatism, *GLUCOCORTICOIDS, *RESEARCH methodology, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *INTERVIEWING, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *QUALITATIVE research, *CONCEPTUAL structures, *COMPARATIVE studies, *QUALITY of life, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *JUDGMENT sampling, *THEMATIC analysis
Abstract

Objectives Glucocorticoids (GCs) ('steroids') are used to treat rheumatic diseases but adverse effects are common. We aimed to explore the impact of GC therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), to inform the development of a treatment-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for use in clinical trials and practice. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with patients from the UK, USA and Australia, treated for a rheumatic condition with GCs in the last 2 years. Purposive sampling was used to select participants with a range of demographic and disease features. An initial conceptual framework informed interview prompts and cues. Interviews elicited GC-related physical and psychological symptoms and salient aspects of HRQoL in relation to GC therapy. Interview data were analysed inductively to develop initial individual themes and domains. Candidate questionnaire items were developed and refined. Results Sixty semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted (UK n  = 34, USA n  = 10, Australia n  = 16). The mean age was 58 years; 39/60 were female; and 18 rheumatic diseases were represented. Some 126 individual themes were identified and organized into six domains: physical symptoms; psychological symptoms; psychological impact of steroids; impact of steroids on participation; impact of steroids on relationships; and benefits of steroids. Candidate questionnaire items were tested and refined by piloting with patient research partners, iterative rounds of cognitive interviews and linguistic translatability assessment, informing a draft questionnaire. Conclusion We describe an international qualitative study to develop candidate items for a treatment-specific PROM for patients with rheumatic diseases. A future survey will enable the validation of a final version of the PROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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6. E038 A common measure of the impact of glucocorticoids in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune conditions - the Steroid PRO: A cross-cultural validation study with Rasch models

Author

Bridgewater, Susan, primary, Ndosi, Mwidimi, additional, Dawson, Jill, additional, Richards, Pamela, additional, Silverthorne, Christine, additional, Dures, Emma, additional, Goodman, Susan, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Mackie, Sarah L, additional, and Robson, Joanna C, additional

Published
2023
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7. The entry mode choices of multinational corporations in turbulent markets : the case of Ukraine

Author

Bridgewater, Susan

Subjects
658, HD Industries. Land use. Labor
Abstract

Entry strategies for the turbulent markets of Eastern and Central Europe are high on the strategic agenda of firms, who wish to capitalise upon the opportunities, which they represent, whilst minimising the risks. The rapidity and discontinuity of the change in these countries calls into question the validity of rational planning approaches to assessing market attractiveness. It also calls for re-examination of a number of the theories proposed for determining mode of entry. These are often predicated upon data gathered in stable market environments. Literature relevant to the study of international entry strategies can be found in the fields of marketing, corporate strategy, international business, economics and organisational behaviour. This thesis takes the view that it is important not to prejudge which, if any, of the existing theories are relevant to study of entry into Eastern Europe. Therefore, it takes an inductive, interdisciplinary approach to studying the entry decisions of fifteen multinational corporations in Ukraine. In-depth analysis of case studies in business-to-business service, mass-market and high-margin consumer goods and industrial product sectors is used to gain an understanding of these decisions. Data are explored within and between cases, to identify patterns of similarity and difference. Firms are analysed according to demographic, location-specific and strategic variables derived from a review of literature. From this analysis, four groups of investment behaviour can be identified on the dimensions of criteria for entry, acceptance of risk and level of commitment to Ukraine. Both competitive and co-operative entry strategies are found. During the period of data collection, five additional decisions were made. Both positive decisions, to expand in Ukraine, and negative decisions not to expand or to withdraw were seen. Data were analysed to identify the explanatory variables for these differing fortunes. The findings are then set against their theoretical context to draw conclusions.

Published
1995

8. Brief intervention to reduce fatigue impact in patients with inflammatory arthritis: design and outcomes of a single-arm feasibility study

Author

Dures, Emma, primary, Bridgewater, Susan, additional, Abbott, Bryan, additional, Adams, Jo, additional, Berry, Alice, additional, McCracken, Lance M, additional, Creanor, Siobhan, additional, Hewlett, Sarah, additional, Lomax, Joe, additional, Ndosi, Mwidimi, additional, Thorn, Joanna, additional, Urban, Marie, additional, and Ewings, Paul, additional

Published
2022
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9. Brief intervention to reduce fatigue impact in patients with inflammatory arthritis : design and outcomes of a single-arm feasibility study

Author

Dures, Emma, Bridgewater, Susan, Abbott, Bryan, Adams, Jo, Berry, Alice, McCracken, Lance, Creanor, Siobhan, Hewlett, Sarah, Lomax, Joe, Ndosi, Mwidimi, Thorn, Joanna, Urban, Marie, Ewings, Paul, Dures, Emma, Bridgewater, Susan, Abbott, Bryan, Adams, Jo, Berry, Alice, McCracken, Lance, Creanor, Siobhan, Hewlett, Sarah, Lomax, Joe, Ndosi, Mwidimi, Thorn, Joanna, Urban, Marie, and Ewings, Paul

Abstract

Objectives Patients with inflammatory arthritis report that fatigue is challenging to manage. We developed a manualised, one-to-one, cognitive-behavioural intervention, delivered by rheumatology health professionals (RHPs). The Fatigue - Reducing its Effects through individualised support Episodes in Inflammatory Arthritis (FREE-IA) study tested the feasibility of RHP training, intervention delivery and outcome collection ahead of a potential trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness. Methods In this single-arm feasibility study, eligible patients were >= 18 years, had a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of an inflammatory arthritis and scored >= 6/10 on the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue (BRAF) Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Fatigue Effect. Following training, RHPs delivered two to four sessions to participants. Baseline data were collected before the first session (T0) and outcomes at 6 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2). The proposed primary outcome was fatigue impact (BRAF NRS Fatigue Effect). Secondary outcomes included fatigue severity and coping, disease impact and disability, and measures of therapeutic mechanism (self-efficacy and confidence to manage health). Results Eight RHPs at five hospitals delivered 113 sessions to 46 participants. Of a potential 138 primary and secondary outcome responses at T0, T1 and T2, there were 13 (9.4%) and 27 (19.6%) missing primary and secondary outcome responses, respectively. Results indicated improvements in all measures except disability, at either T1 or T2, or both. Conclusions This study showed it was feasible to deliver the intervention, including training RHPs, and recruit and follow-up participants with high retention. While there was no control group, observed within-group improvements suggest potential promise of the intervention and support for a definitive trial to test effectiveness.

Published
2022
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10. P092 Patients’ perceptions of glucocorticoid therapy impact on health-related quality of life during treatment for rheumatic diseases: international development of a treatment-specific patient-reported outcome measure (the Steroid PRO)

Author

Bridgewater, Susan, primary, Shepherd, Michael A, additional, Dawson, Jill, additional, Richards, Pamela, additional, Silverthorne, Christine, additional, Ndosi, Mwidimi, additional, Almeida, Celia, additional, Black, Rachel J, additional, Cheah, Jonathan T. L, additional, Dures, Emma, additional, Ghosh, Nilasha, additional, Hoon, Elizabeth A, additional, Lyne, Suellen, additional, Navarro-Millan, Iris, additional, Pearce-Fisher, Diyu, additional, Ruediger, Carlee, additional, Tieu, Joanna, additional, Yip, Kevin, additional, Mackie, Sarah, additional, Goodman, Susan, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, and Robson, Joanna C, additional

Published
2022
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11. Interpreting Clinical Trials With Omega-3 Supplements in the Context of Ancestry and FADS Genetic Variation

Author

Chilton, Floyd H., primary, Manichaikul, Ani, additional, Yang, Chaojie, additional, O'Connor, Timothy D., additional, Johnstone, Laurel M., additional, Blomquist, Sarah, additional, Schembre, Susan M., additional, Sergeant, Susan, additional, Zec, Manja, additional, Tsai, Michael Y., additional, Rich, Stephen S., additional, Bridgewater, Susan J., additional, Mathias, Rasika A., additional, and Hallmark, Brian, additional

Published
2022
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15. O26 Testing an intervention to reduce fatigue impact in inflammatory arthritis: design and outcomes of a single-arm feasibility study

Author

Bridgewater, Susan, primary, Lomax, Joe, additional, Abbott, Bryan, additional, Adams, Jo, additional, Berry, Alice, additional, Creanor, Siobhan, additional, Ewings, Paul, additional, Hewlett, Sarah, additional, McCracken, Lance, additional, Ndosi, Mwidimi, additional, Thorn, Joanna, additional, Urban, Marie, additional, and Dures, Emma, additional

Published
2021
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18. Assessing the attractiveness of turbulent markets: the Ukrainian experience

Author

Bridgewater, Susan

Subjects
Foreign investments -- Ukraine, Marketing research -- Analysis, Advertising, marketing and public relations, Business
Abstract

Recent research has looked at the problems facing marketing planners in eastern Europe by considering 15 cases where western multinational concerns made attempts to establish a presence in Ukraine. It was found that these concerns were unable to control the high levels of uncertainty in the Ukrainian market, and had to make difficult decisions about the levels of risk they were prepared to accept. They were able to make very little use of traditional marketing planning techniques.

Published
1995

22. The entry mode choices of multinational corporations in turbulent markets : the case of Ukraine

Author

Bridgewater, Susan

Subjects
HD
Abstract

Entry strategies for the turbulent markets of Eastern and Central Europe are high on\ud the strategic agenda of firms, who wish to capitalise upon the opportunities, which\ud they represent, whilst minimising the risks. The rapidity and discontinuity of the change\ud in these countries calls into question the validity of rational planning approaches to\ud assessing market attractiveness. It also calls for re-examination of a number of the\ud theories proposed for determining mode of entry. These are often predicated upon data\ud gathered in stable market environments.\ud Literature relevant to the study of international entry strategies can be found in the\ud fields of marketing, corporate strategy, international business, economics and\ud organisational behaviour. This thesis takes the view that it is important not to prejudge\ud which, if any, of the existing theories are relevant to study of entry into Eastern\ud Europe.\ud Therefore, it takes an inductive, interdisciplinary approach to studying the entry\ud decisions of fifteen multinational corporations in Ukraine. In-depth analysis of case\ud studies in business-to-business service, mass-market and high-margin consumer goods\ud and industrial product sectors is used to gain an understanding of these decisions. Data\ud are explored within and between cases, to identify patterns of similarity and difference.\ud Firms are analysed according to demographic, location-specific and strategic variables\ud derived from a review of literature. From this analysis, four groups of investment\ud behaviour can be identified on the dimensions of criteria for entry, acceptance of risk\ud and level of commitment to Ukraine. Both competitive and co-operative entry\ud strategies are found. During the period of data collection, five additional decisions\ud were made. Both positive decisions, to expand in Ukraine, and negative decisions not\ud to expand or to withdraw were seen. Data were analysed to identify the explanatory\ud variables for these differing fortunes. The findings are then set against their theoretical\ud context to draw conclusions.

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