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2. Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and C60 fullerene nanoparticles, alone and in mixture, differently affect biomarker responses and proteome in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Author

Marisa, I., Asnicar, D., Matozzo, V., Parolini, M., Brianese, N., Fedorova, M., Hoffman, R., Sheehan, D., and Marin, M. G.

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Nanoparticles Zinc oxide nanoparticles Titanium dioxide nanoparticles C60 fullerene nanoparticles Mixture Redox proteomics Biomarkers
Published
2022

3. Atazanavir/ritonavir with lamivudine as maintenance therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients: 96 week outcomes of a randomized trial

Author

Fabbiani, M, Gagliardini, R, Ciccarelli, N, Roldan, E, Latini, A, D'Ettorre, G, Antinori, A, Castagna, A, Orofino, G, Francisci, D, Chinello, P, Madeddu, G, Grima, P, Rusconi, S, Del Pin, B, Lombardi, F, D'Avino, A, Foca, E, Colafigli, M, Cauda, R, Di Giambenedetto, S, De Luca, A, Mondi, A, Borghetti, A, Baldonero, E, Belmonti, S, Lamonica, S, Sidella, L, Tamburrini, E, Visconti, E, Giacometti, A, Barchiesi, F, Castelli, P, Cirioni, O, Mazzocato, S, Di Pietro, M, Blanc, P, Degli Esposti, A, Mariabelli, E, Marini, S, Poggi, A, Quiros Roldan, E, Amadasi, S, Apostoli, A, Biasi, L, Bonito, A, Brianese, N, Compostella, S, Ferraresi, A, Motta, D, Mughini, M, Celesia, B, Gussio, M, Sofia, S, Tana, M, Tundo, P, Viscoli, C, De Hoffer, L, Di Biagio, A, Grignolo, S, Parisini, A, Schenone, E, Taramasso, L, Manconi, P, Boccone, A, Ortu, F, Piano, P, Serusi, L, Puoti, M, Moioli, M, Rossotti, R, Travi, G, Ventura, F, Galli, M, Di Nardo Stuppino, S, Di Cristo, V, Giacomelli, A, Vimercati, V, Viale, P, Gori, A, Rizzardini, G, Capetti, A, Carenzi, L, Mazza, F, Meraviglia, P, Rosa, S, Zucchi, P, Mineo, M, Giuliani, M, Pacifici, A, Pimpinelli, F, Solivetti, F, Stivali, F, Angelici, F, Bellagamba, R, Delle Rose, D, Fezza, R, Libertone, R, Mosti, S, Narciso, P, Nicastri, E, Ottou, S, Tomassi, C, Vlassi, C, Zaccarelli, M, Zoppe, F, Vullo, V, Altavilla, F, Ceccarelli, G, Fantauzzi, A, Gebremeskel, S, Lo Menzo, S, Mezzaroma, I, Tierno, F, Petrosillo, N, Boumis, E, Cicalini, S, Grilli, E, Musso, M, Stella, C, Mura, M, Bagella, P, Mannazzu, M, Soddu, V, Caramello, P, Carcieri, C, Carosella, S, Farenga, M, Scotton, P, Rossi, M, Concia, E, Corsini, F, Gricolo, C, Lanzafame, M, Lattuada, E, Leonardi, S, Rigo, F, Lazzarin, A, Bigoloni, A, Carini, E, Nozza, S, Spagnuolo, V, Belfiori, B, Malincarne, L, Schiaroli, E, Sfara, C, Tosti, A, Sacchini, D, Ruggieri, A, Valdatta, C, Fabbiani M., Gagliardini R., Ciccarelli N., Roldan E. Q., Latini A., d'Ettorre G., Antinori A., Castagna A., Orofino G., Francisci D., Chinello P., Madeddu G., Grima P., Rusconi S., Del Pin B., Lombardi F., D'Avino A., Foca E., Colafigli M., Cauda R., Di Giambenedetto S., De Luca A., Mondi A., Borghetti A., Baldonero E., Belmonti S., Lamonica S., Sidella L., Tamburrini E., Visconti E., Giacometti A., Barchiesi F., Castelli P., Cirioni O., Mazzocato S., Di Pietro M., Blanc P., Degli Esposti A., Mariabelli E., Marini S., Poggi A., Quiros Roldan E., Amadasi S., Apostoli A., Biasi L., Bonito A., Brianese N., Compostella S., Ferraresi A., Motta D., Mughini M. T., Celesia B. M., Gussio M., Sofia S., Tana M., Tundo P., Viscoli C., De Hoffer L., Di Biagio A., Grignolo S., Parisini A., Schenone E., Taramasso L., Manconi P. E., Boccone A., Ortu F., Piano P., Serusi L., Puoti M., Moioli M. C., Rossotti R., Travi G., Ventura F., Galli M., Di Nardo Stuppino S., Di Cristo V., Giacomelli A., Vimercati V., Viale P., Gori A., Rizzardini G., Capetti A., Carenzi L., Mazza F., Meraviglia P., Rosa S., Zucchi P., Mineo M., Giuliani M., Pacifici A., Pimpinelli F., Solivetti F., Stivali F., Angelici F., Bellagamba R., Delle Rose D., Fezza R., Libertone R., Mosti S., Narciso P., Nicastri E., Ottou S., Tomassi C., Vlassi C., Zaccarelli M., Zoppe F., Vullo V., Altavilla F., Ceccarelli G., Fantauzzi A., Gebremeskel S., Lo Menzo S., Mezzaroma I., Tierno F., Petrosillo N., Boumis E., Cicalini S., Grilli E., Musso M., Stella C., Mura M. S., Bagella P., Mannazzu M., Soddu V., Caramello P., Carcieri C., Carosella S., Farenga M., Scotton P. G., Rossi M. C., Concia E., Corsini F., Gricolo C., Lanzafame M., Lattuada E., Leonardi S., Rigo F., Lazzarin A., Bigoloni A., Carini E., Nozza S., Spagnuolo V., Belfiori B., Malincarne L., Schiaroli E., Sfara C., Tosti A., Sacchini D., Ruggieri A., Valdatta C., Fabbiani, M, Gagliardini, R, Ciccarelli, N, Roldan, E, Latini, A, D'Ettorre, G, Antinori, A, Castagna, A, Orofino, G, Francisci, D, Chinello, P, Madeddu, G, Grima, P, Rusconi, S, Del Pin, B, Lombardi, F, D'Avino, A, Foca, E, Colafigli, M, Cauda, R, Di Giambenedetto, S, De Luca, A, Mondi, A, Borghetti, A, Baldonero, E, Belmonti, S, Lamonica, S, Sidella, L, Tamburrini, E, Visconti, E, Giacometti, A, Barchiesi, F, Castelli, P, Cirioni, O, Mazzocato, S, Di Pietro, M, Blanc, P, Degli Esposti, A, Mariabelli, E, Marini, S, Poggi, A, Quiros Roldan, E, Amadasi, S, Apostoli, A, Biasi, L, Bonito, A, Brianese, N, Compostella, S, Ferraresi, A, Motta, D, Mughini, M, Celesia, B, Gussio, M, Sofia, S, Tana, M, Tundo, P, Viscoli, C, De Hoffer, L, Di Biagio, A, Grignolo, S, Parisini, A, Schenone, E, Taramasso, L, Manconi, P, Boccone, A, Ortu, F, Piano, P, Serusi, L, Puoti, M, Moioli, M, Rossotti, R, Travi, G, Ventura, F, Galli, M, Di Nardo Stuppino, S, Di Cristo, V, Giacomelli, A, Vimercati, V, Viale, P, Gori, A, Rizzardini, G, Capetti, A, Carenzi, L, Mazza, F, Meraviglia, P, Rosa, S, Zucchi, P, Mineo, M, Giuliani, M, Pacifici, A, Pimpinelli, F, Solivetti, F, Stivali, F, Angelici, F, Bellagamba, R, Delle Rose, D, Fezza, R, Libertone, R, Mosti, S, Narciso, P, Nicastri, E, Ottou, S, Tomassi, C, Vlassi, C, Zaccarelli, M, Zoppe, F, Vullo, V, Altavilla, F, Ceccarelli, G, Fantauzzi, A, Gebremeskel, S, Lo Menzo, S, Mezzaroma, I, Tierno, F, Petrosillo, N, Boumis, E, Cicalini, S, Grilli, E, Musso, M, Stella, C, Mura, M, Bagella, P, Mannazzu, M, Soddu, V, Caramello, P, Carcieri, C, Carosella, S, Farenga, M, Scotton, P, Rossi, M, Concia, E, Corsini, F, Gricolo, C, Lanzafame, M, Lattuada, E, Leonardi, S, Rigo, F, Lazzarin, A, Bigoloni, A, Carini, E, Nozza, S, Spagnuolo, V, Belfiori, B, Malincarne, L, Schiaroli, E, Sfara, C, Tosti, A, Sacchini, D, Ruggieri, A, Valdatta, C, Fabbiani M., Gagliardini R., Ciccarelli N., Roldan E. Q., Latini A., d'Ettorre G., Antinori A., Castagna A., Orofino G., Francisci D., Chinello P., Madeddu G., Grima P., Rusconi S., Del Pin B., Lombardi F., D'Avino A., Foca E., Colafigli M., Cauda R., Di Giambenedetto S., De Luca A., Mondi A., Borghetti A., Baldonero E., Belmonti S., Lamonica S., Sidella L., Tamburrini E., Visconti E., Giacometti A., Barchiesi F., Castelli P., Cirioni O., Mazzocato S., Di Pietro M., Blanc P., Degli Esposti A., Mariabelli E., Marini S., Poggi A., Quiros Roldan E., Amadasi S., Apostoli A., Biasi L., Bonito A., Brianese N., Compostella S., Ferraresi A., Motta D., Mughini M. T., Celesia B. M., Gussio M., Sofia S., Tana M., Tundo P., Viscoli C., De Hoffer L., Di Biagio A., Grignolo S., Parisini A., Schenone E., Taramasso L., Manconi P. E., Boccone A., Ortu F., Piano P., Serusi L., Puoti M., Moioli M. C., Rossotti R., Travi G., Ventura F., Galli M., Di Nardo Stuppino S., Di Cristo V., Giacomelli A., Vimercati V., Viale P., Gori A., Rizzardini G., Capetti A., Carenzi L., Mazza F., Meraviglia P., Rosa S., Zucchi P., Mineo M., Giuliani M., Pacifici A., Pimpinelli F., Solivetti F., Stivali F., Angelici F., Bellagamba R., Delle Rose D., Fezza R., Libertone R., Mosti S., Narciso P., Nicastri E., Ottou S., Tomassi C., Vlassi C., Zaccarelli M., Zoppe F., Vullo V., Altavilla F., Ceccarelli G., Fantauzzi A., Gebremeskel S., Lo Menzo S., Mezzaroma I., Tierno F., Petrosillo N., Boumis E., Cicalini S., Grilli E., Musso M., Stella C., Mura M. S., Bagella P., Mannazzu M., Soddu V., Caramello P., Carcieri C., Carosella S., Farenga M., Scotton P. G., Rossi M. C., Concia E., Corsini F., Gricolo C., Lanzafame M., Lattuada E., Leonardi S., Rigo F., Lazzarin A., Bigoloni A., Carini E., Nozza S., Spagnuolo V., Belfiori B., Malincarne L., Schiaroli E., Sfara C., Tosti A., Sacchini D., Ruggieri A., and Valdatta C.

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of a treatment switch to dual ART with atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine versus continuing a standard regimen with atazanavir/ritonavir+2NRTI in virologically suppressed patients. Methods: ATLAS-M is a 96 week open-label, randomized, non-inferiority (margin -12%) trial enrolling HIV-infected adults on atazanavir/ritonavir+2NRTI, with stable HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL and CD4 counts.200 cells/mm3. At baseline, patients were randomized 1:1 to switch to atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine or to continue the previous regimen. Here, we report the 96 week efficacy and safety data. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01599364. Results: Overall, 266 subjects were enrolled (133 in each arm). At 96 weeks, in the ITT population, patients free of treatment failure totalled 103 (77.4%) with atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine and 87 (65.4%) with triple therapy (difference +12.0%, 95% CI +1.2/+22.8, P=0.030), demonstrating the superiority of dual therapy. Two (1.5%) and 9 (6.8%) virological failures occurred in the dual-therapy arm and the triple-therapy arm, respectively, without development of resistance to any study drug. Clinical adverse events occurred at similar rates in both arms. A higher frequency of grade 3-4 hyperbilirubinemia (66.9% versus 50.4%, P=0.006) and hypertriglyceridaemia (6.8% versus 1.5%, P=0.031) occurred with dual therapy, although this never led to treatment discontinuation. A significant improvement in renal function and lumbar spine bone mineral density occurred in the dual-therapy arm. The evolution of CD4, HIV-DNA levels and neurocognitive performance was similar in both arms. Conclusions: In this randomized study, a treatment switch to atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine was superior over the continuation of atazanavir/ritonavir+2NRTI in virologically suppressed patients, with a sustained benefit in terms of improved renal function and bone mineral density.

Published
2018

4. Indagini archeometriche su pani di bronzo dell'Età del Ferro rinvenuti a San Giorgio di Valpolicella in località Casaletti (Verona). Interpretazione d'uso per il forno rinvenuto

Author

FENZI F.[1, PERUZZO L.[3], BRIANESE N.[4], CAIRNS WARREN R.L.[5], CASELLATO U.[6], and VIGATO P.A.[6]

Subjects
rifusione, domestic oven, recast, forno domestico, Bronze ingots, scorificazione, scorification, Pani di bronzo, aes signatum
Abstract

Il recente scavo stratigrafico condotto nel sito di località Casaletti, in San Giorgio di Valpolicella, ha restituito una grande quantità di reperti metallici. Si tratta di fibbie e oggetti ornamentali assieme a nove pani, principalmente barre prive di contrassegno analoghe a quelle circolanti in età premonetale. Le caratteristiche chimiche e microstrutturali dei pani rin-venuti in località Casaletti sono confrontabili con quelle dei pani col "Ramo secco" rinvenuti nel veronese e nelle aree a Sud del Po. I reperti indicano la presenza di un'officina per la rifusione dei rottami e probabilmente per la scorificazione dei manufatti a elevato tenore di ferro. Il sito studiato ha restituito anche i frammenti di un piccolo forno con piano fo-rato non adibito all'attività metallurgica. Probabilmente il forno era ubicato nell'ambiente adiacente all'officina, laddove svolgeva funzioni culinarie.

Published
2020

6. Treatment simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine versus maintenance of atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week results from a randomized trial (ATLAS-M)

Author

Di Giambenedetto, S, Fabbiani, M, Quiros Roldan, E, Latini, A, D'Ettorre, G, Antinori, A, Castagna, A, Orofino, G, Francisci, D, Chinello, P, Madeddu, G, Grima, P, Rusconi, S, Di Pietro, M, Mondi, A, Ciccarelli, N, Borghetti, A, Foca, E, Colafigli, M, De Luca, A, Cauda, R, Baldonero, E, Belmonti, S, D'Avino, A, Gagliardini, R, Lamonica, S, Lombardi, F, Sidella, L, Tamburrini, E, Visconti, E, Giacometti, A, Barchiesi, F, Castelli, P, Cirioni, O, Mazzocato, S, Blanc, P, Degli Esposti, A, Del Pin, B, Mariabelli, E, Marini, S, Poggi, A, Amadasi, S, Apostoli, A, Biasi, L, Bonito, A, Brianese, N, Compostella, S, Ferraresi, A, Motta, D, Mughini, M, Celesia, B, Gussio, M, Sofia, S, Tana, M, Tundo, P, Viscoli, C, De Hoffer, L, Di Biagio, A, Grignolo, S, Parisini, A, Schenone, E, Taramasso, L, Manconi, P, Boccone, A, Ortu, F, Piano, P, Serusi, L, Puoti, M, Moioli, M, Rossotti, R, Travi, G, Ventura, F, Galli, M, Di Nardo Stuppino, S, Di Cristo, V, Giacomelli, A, Vimercati, V, Viale, P, Gori, A, Rizzardini, G, Capetti, A, Carenzi, L, Mazza, F, Meraviglia, P, Rosa, S, Zucchi, P, Mineo, M, Giuliani, M, Pacifici, A, Pimpinelli, F, Solivetti, F, Stivali, F, Angelici, F, Bellagamba, R, Delle Rose, D, Fezza, R, Libertone, R, Mosti, S, Narciso, P, Nicastri, E, Ottou, S, Tomassi, C, Vlassi, C, Zaccarelli, M, Zoppe, F, Vullo, V, Altavilla, F, Ceccarelli, G, Fantauzzi, A, Gebremeskel, S, Lo Menzo, S, Mezzaroma, I, Tierno, F, Petrosillo, N, Boumis, E, Cicalini, S, Grilli, E, Musso, M, Stella, C, Mura, M, Bagella, P, Mannazzu, M, Soddu, V, Caramello, P, Carcieri, C, Carosella, S, Farenga, M, Scotton, P, Rossi, M, Concia, E, Corsini, F, Gricolo, C, Lanzafame, M, Lattuada, E, Leonardi, S, Rigo, F, Lazzarin, A, Bigoloni, A, Carini, E, Nozza, S, Spagnuolo, V, Belfiori, B, Malincarne, L, Schiaroli, E, Sfara, C, Tosti, A, Sacchini, D, Ruggieri, A, Valdatta, C, Di Giambenedetto S., Fabbiani M., Quiros Roldan E., Latini A., D'Ettorre G., Antinori A., Castagna A., Orofino G., Francisci D., Chinello P., Madeddu G., Grima P., Rusconi S., Di Pietro M., Mondi A., Ciccarelli N., Borghetti A., Foca E., Colafigli M., De Luca A., Cauda R., Baldonero E., Belmonti S., D'Avino A., Gagliardini R., Lamonica S., Lombardi F., Sidella L., Tamburrini E., Visconti E., Giacometti A., Barchiesi F., Castelli P., Cirioni O., Mazzocato S., Blanc P., Degli Esposti A., Del Pin B., Mariabelli E., Marini S., Poggi A., Amadasi S., Apostoli A., Biasi L., Bonito A., Brianese N., Compostella S., Ferraresi A., Motta D., Mughini M. T., Celesia B. M., Gussio M., Sofia S., Tana M., Tundo P., Viscoli C., De Hoffer L., Di Biagio A., Grignolo S., Parisini A., Schenone E., Taramasso L., Manconi P. E., Boccone A., Ortu F., Piano P., Serusi L., Puoti M., Moioli M. C., Rossotti R., Travi G., Ventura F., Galli M., Di Nardo Stuppino S., Di Cristo V., Giacomelli A., Vimercati V., Viale P., Gori A., Rizzardini G., Capetti A., Carenzi L., Mazza F., Meraviglia P., Rosa S., Zucchi P., Mineo M., Giuliani M., Pacifici A., Pimpinelli F., Solivetti F., Stivali F., Angelici F., Bellagamba R., Delle Rose D., Fezza R., Libertone R., Mosti S., Narciso P., Nicastri E., Ottou S., Tomassi C., Vlassi C., Zaccarelli M., Zoppe F., Vullo V., Altavilla F., Ceccarelli G., Fantauzzi A., Gebremeskel S., Lo Menzo S., Mezzaroma I., Tierno F., Petrosillo N., Boumis E., Cicalini S., Grilli E., Musso M., Stella C., Mura M. S., Bagella P., Mannazzu M., Soddu V., Caramello P., Carcieri C., Carosella S., Farenga M., Scotton P. G., Rossi M. C., Concia E., Corsini F., Gricolo C., Lanzafame M., Lattuada E., Leonardi S., Rigo F., Lazzarin A., Bigoloni A., Carini E., Nozza S., Spagnuolo V., Belfiori B., Malincarne L., Schiaroli E., Sfara C., Tosti A., Sacchini D., Ruggieri A., Valdatta C., Di Giambenedetto, S, Fabbiani, M, Quiros Roldan, E, Latini, A, D'Ettorre, G, Antinori, A, Castagna, A, Orofino, G, Francisci, D, Chinello, P, Madeddu, G, Grima, P, Rusconi, S, Di Pietro, M, Mondi, A, Ciccarelli, N, Borghetti, A, Foca, E, Colafigli, M, De Luca, A, Cauda, R, Baldonero, E, Belmonti, S, D'Avino, A, Gagliardini, R, Lamonica, S, Lombardi, F, Sidella, L, Tamburrini, E, Visconti, E, Giacometti, A, Barchiesi, F, Castelli, P, Cirioni, O, Mazzocato, S, Blanc, P, Degli Esposti, A, Del Pin, B, Mariabelli, E, Marini, S, Poggi, A, Amadasi, S, Apostoli, A, Biasi, L, Bonito, A, Brianese, N, Compostella, S, Ferraresi, A, Motta, D, Mughini, M, Celesia, B, Gussio, M, Sofia, S, Tana, M, Tundo, P, Viscoli, C, De Hoffer, L, Di Biagio, A, Grignolo, S, Parisini, A, Schenone, E, Taramasso, L, Manconi, P, Boccone, A, Ortu, F, Piano, P, Serusi, L, Puoti, M, Moioli, M, Rossotti, R, Travi, G, Ventura, F, Galli, M, Di Nardo Stuppino, S, Di Cristo, V, Giacomelli, A, Vimercati, V, Viale, P, Gori, A, Rizzardini, G, Capetti, A, Carenzi, L, Mazza, F, Meraviglia, P, Rosa, S, Zucchi, P, Mineo, M, Giuliani, M, Pacifici, A, Pimpinelli, F, Solivetti, F, Stivali, F, Angelici, F, Bellagamba, R, Delle Rose, D, Fezza, R, Libertone, R, Mosti, S, Narciso, P, Nicastri, E, Ottou, S, Tomassi, C, Vlassi, C, Zaccarelli, M, Zoppe, F, Vullo, V, Altavilla, F, Ceccarelli, G, Fantauzzi, A, Gebremeskel, S, Lo Menzo, S, Mezzaroma, I, Tierno, F, Petrosillo, N, Boumis, E, Cicalini, S, Grilli, E, Musso, M, Stella, C, Mura, M, Bagella, P, Mannazzu, M, Soddu, V, Caramello, P, Carcieri, C, Carosella, S, Farenga, M, Scotton, P, Rossi, M, Concia, E, Corsini, F, Gricolo, C, Lanzafame, M, Lattuada, E, Leonardi, S, Rigo, F, Lazzarin, A, Bigoloni, A, Carini, E, Nozza, S, Spagnuolo, V, Belfiori, B, Malincarne, L, Schiaroli, E, Sfara, C, Tosti, A, Sacchini, D, Ruggieri, A, Valdatta, C, Di Giambenedetto S., Fabbiani M., Quiros Roldan E., Latini A., D'Ettorre G., Antinori A., Castagna A., Orofino G., Francisci D., Chinello P., Madeddu G., Grima P., Rusconi S., Di Pietro M., Mondi A., Ciccarelli N., Borghetti A., Foca E., Colafigli M., De Luca A., Cauda R., Baldonero E., Belmonti S., D'Avino A., Gagliardini R., Lamonica S., Lombardi F., Sidella L., Tamburrini E., Visconti E., Giacometti A., Barchiesi F., Castelli P., Cirioni O., Mazzocato S., Blanc P., Degli Esposti A., Del Pin B., Mariabelli E., Marini S., Poggi A., Amadasi S., Apostoli A., Biasi L., Bonito A., Brianese N., Compostella S., Ferraresi A., Motta D., Mughini M. T., Celesia B. M., Gussio M., Sofia S., Tana M., Tundo P., Viscoli C., De Hoffer L., Di Biagio A., Grignolo S., Parisini A., Schenone E., Taramasso L., Manconi P. E., Boccone A., Ortu F., Piano P., Serusi L., Puoti M., Moioli M. C., Rossotti R., Travi G., Ventura F., Galli M., Di Nardo Stuppino S., Di Cristo V., Giacomelli A., Vimercati V., Viale P., Gori A., Rizzardini G., Capetti A., Carenzi L., Mazza F., Meraviglia P., Rosa S., Zucchi P., Mineo M., Giuliani M., Pacifici A., Pimpinelli F., Solivetti F., Stivali F., Angelici F., Bellagamba R., Delle Rose D., Fezza R., Libertone R., Mosti S., Narciso P., Nicastri E., Ottou S., Tomassi C., Vlassi C., Zaccarelli M., Zoppe F., Vullo V., Altavilla F., Ceccarelli G., Fantauzzi A., Gebremeskel S., Lo Menzo S., Mezzaroma I., Tierno F., Petrosillo N., Boumis E., Cicalini S., Grilli E., Musso M., Stella C., Mura M. S., Bagella P., Mannazzu M., Soddu V., Caramello P., Carcieri C., Carosella S., Farenga M., Scotton P. G., Rossi M. C., Concia E., Corsini F., Gricolo C., Lanzafame M., Lattuada E., Leonardi S., Rigo F., Lazzarin A., Bigoloni A., Carini E., Nozza S., Spagnuolo V., Belfiori B., Malincarne L., Schiaroli E., Sfara C., Tosti A., Sacchini D., Ruggieri A., and Valdatta C.

Abstract

Background: Combination ART (cART)-related toxicities and costs have prompted the need for treatment simplification. The ATLAS-M trial explored 48 week non-inferior efficacy of simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir + lamivudine versus maintaining three-drug atazanavir/ritonavir-based cART in virologically suppressed patients. Methods: We performed an open-label, multicentre, randomized, non-inferiority study, enrolling HIV-infected adults on atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs, with stable HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL and CD4+>200 cells/mm3. Main exclusion criteria were hepatitis B virus coinfection, past virological failure on or resistance to study drugs, recent AIDS and pregnancy. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to either switch to 300mg of atazanavir/ 100mg of ritonavir once daily and 300mg of lamivudine once daily (atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine arm) or to continue the previous regimen (atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs arm). The primary study outcome was the maintenance of HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL at week 48 of the ITT-exposed (ITT-e) analysis with switch"failure. The non-inferiority margin was 12%. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01599364. Results: Between July 2011 and June 2014, 266 patients were randomized (133 to each arm). After 48 weeks, the primary study outcome was met by 119 of 133 patients (89.5%) in the atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine arm and 106 of 133 patients (79.7%) in the atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs arm [difference atazanavir/ritonavir+ lamivudine versus atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs arm: +9.8% (95% CI+1.2 to+18.4)], demonstrating non-inferiority and superior efficacy of the atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine arm. Virological failure occurred in two (1.5%) patients in the atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine arm and six (4.5%) patients in the atazanavir/ritonavir+ two NRTIs arm, without resistance selection. A similar proportion of adverse events occurred in both arms. Conclusions: Treatment simplification to atazanavir/rito

Published
2017

11. New synergic deposition route for the osteointegrative functionalisation of titanium substrates for dental implant applications

Author

Visentin F., Galenda A., Fabrizio M., Zin V., Brianese N., Nodari L., Gerbasi R., and El Habra N.

Subjects
dental implants, Titanium dioxide
Abstract

Nowadays, roughly 70-80% of dental implants are manufactured from metallic biomaterials. Among them, commercial pure titanium (cp-Ti) and its alloys have been widely used for dental implant applications due to their excellent combination of strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [1]. However, due to its limited bioactivity, the Ti surface is generally functionalized in order to enhance, accelerate and direct the bone growth. A significant number of methods for the chemical and/or physical surface modification of Ti implants have been proposed [1,2]. In this field, a typical methodology of surface modification is the coating of the Ti substrates with layers of bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics (CPC) [3]. This approach permits a faster bone-to-implant integration with a strong and stable bond. Moreover, the bioactive layer could minimize the direct metal-body fluid contact, so limiting undesired metallic ions release into the body [4]. Conversely, CPC coatings on metal implants usually suffer from poor adhesion. With the aim of improving the adhesion strength between the Ti substrate and the CPC layer, the insertion of dense and compact ceramic inter-layers is reported to be useful [4]. Among various ceramics, crystalline titania (TiO2) has been extensively used as an inter-layer thanks to its well-known biocompatibility, bioactivity and chemical affinity to the materials already present [4]. In this field, this research activity deals with the development of a new synergic deposition route for the functionalisation of Ti dental implants, through their coating with suitable ceramic materials. In detail, a multi-step process is proposed, with the aim of obtaining a final composite material made up of a dense, compact and crystalline titania inter-layer (obtained via Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition technique, MOCVD) and of a homogeneously spread discontinuous calcium phosphate ceramic top-layer, with particular chemical composition, crystallinity and morphology (obtained by means of spray pyrolysis technique). This composite material should both increase the Ti bioactivity (thanks to the presence of the bioactive layers) and ideally ensure the short and long-term success of the implant. The further goal is obtained thanks to the presence of a homogeneously spread discontinuous calcium phosphate layer that permits both the ceramic materials (CPC and TiO2) to simultaneously contribute to the osteointegrative process as two different materials are simultaneously available on the surface: a bioactive, biocompatible but not resorbable titania inter-layer (for the long term integration) and a more bioactive but resorbable CPC top layer (for the short term anchoring). During all the experiments, in order to provide a deeper investigation on the role of the coatings, three kinds of Ti substrates commonly used in dental implant applications and with different surficial morphology (i.e. Ti machined, sandblasted, and sandblasted/acid etched, all of commercial grade IV) were considered and compared. With respect to uncoated Ti substrates, coated surfaces exhibit better electrochemical performances in artificial saliva, and reduced ions (Ti and Al) release in PBS and lactic acid. The mechanical properties at nano-scale level (nanohardness) of the composite materials were improved with the functionalization. The effect of the functionalization on the wettability was also studied (Figure 1): the coatings make the titanium pristine substrates hydrophilic (even super hydrophilic for the only titania coated surfaces). However, in air environments, the wettability decreases with ageing time due to hydrocarbon contamination. Acellular in-vitro bioactivity of all species was tested studying the ability of the materials to form a bone-like apatite layer on the surface after immersion in Dulbecco Phosphate Buffer Saline solution (DPBS) at 37°C (Figure 2). The obtained results show that a bone-like apatite layer was easily formed on the dual functionalized Ti substrates after incubation for only 30 minutes. Differently, un-coated and titania coated surfaces needed longer soaking time in order to be covered with a homogeneous bone-like apatite layer. Finally, higher apatite nucleation rate was detected in TiO2 coated samples with respect to bare Ti, then confirming the improvement of bioactivity of the only titania coated surfaces with respect to the uncoated ones.

Published
2019

12. Treatment simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine versus maintenance of atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week results from a randomized trial (ATLAS-M)

Author

Di Giambenedetto, S., Fabbiani, M., Quiros Roldan, E., Latini, A., D'Ettorre, G., Antinori, A., Castagna, A., Orofino, G., Francisci, D., Chinello, P., Madeddu, G., Grima, P., Rusconi, S., Di Pietro, M., Mondi, A., Ciccarelli, N., Borghetti, A., Focà, E., Colafigli, M., De Luca, A., Cauda, R., Baldonero, E., Belmonti, S., D'Avino, A., Gagliardini, R., Lamonica, S., Lombardi, F., Sidella, L., Tamburrini, E., Visconti, E., Giacometti, A., Barchiesi, F., Castelli, P., Cirioni, O., Mazzocato, S., Blanc, P., Degli Esposti, A., Del Pin, B., Mariabelli, E., Marini, S., Poggi, A., Amadasi, S., Apostoli, A., Biasi, L., Bonito, A., Brianese, N., Compostella, S., Ferraresi, A., Motta, D., Mughini, M. T., Celesia, B. M., Gussio, M., Sofia, S., Tana, M., Tundo, P., Viscoli, C., De Hoffer, L., Di Biagio, A., Grignolo, S., Parisini, A., Schenone, E., Taramasso, L., Manconi, P. E., Boccone, A., Ortu, F., Piano, P., Serusi, L., Puoti, M., Moioli, M. C., Rossotti, R., Travi, G., Ventura, F., Galli, M., Di Nardo Stuppino, S., Di Cristo, V., Giacomelli, A., Vimercati, V., Viale, P., Gori, A., Rizzardini, G., Capetti, A., Carenzi, L., Mazza, F., Meraviglia, P., Rosa, S., Zucchi, P., Mineo, M., Giuliani, M., Pacifici, A., Pimpinelli, F., Solivetti, F., Stivali, F., Angelici, F., Bellagamba, R., Delle Rose, D., Fezza, R., Libertone, R., Mosti, S., Narciso, P., Nicastri, E., Ottou, S., Tomassi, C., Vlassi, C., Zaccarelli, M., Zoppè, F., Vullo, V., Altavilla, F., Ceccarelli, G., Fantauzzi, A., Gebremeskel, S., Lo Menzo, S., Mezzaroma, I., Tierno, F., Petrosillo, N., Boumis, E., Cicalini, S., Grilli, E., Musso, M., Stella, C., Mura, M. S., Bagella, P., Mannazzu, M., Soddu, V., Caramello, P., Carcieri, C., Carosella, S., Farenga, M., Scotton, P. G., Rossi, M. C., Concia, E., Corsini, F., Gricolo, C., Lanzafame, M., Lattuada, E., Leonardi, S., Rigo, F., Lazzarin, A., Bigoloni, A., Carini, E., Nozza, S., Spagnuolo, V., Belfiori, B., Malincarne, L., Schiaroli, E., Sfara, C., Tosti, A., Sacchini, D., Ruggieri, A., Valdatta, C., Di Giambenedetto, S, Fabbiani, M, Quiros Roldan, E, Latini, A, D'Ettorre, G, Antinori, A, Castagna, A, Orofino, G, Francisci, D, Chinello, P, Madeddu, G, Grima, P, Rusconi, S, Di Pietro, M, Mondi, A, Ciccarelli, N, Borghetti, A, Foca, E, Colafigli, M, De Luca, A, Cauda, R, Baldonero, E, Belmonti, S, D'Avino, A, Gagliardini, R, Lamonica, S, Lombardi, F, Sidella, L, Tamburrini, E, Visconti, E, Giacometti, A, Barchiesi, F, Castelli, P, Cirioni, O, Mazzocato, S, Blanc, P, Degli Esposti, A, Del Pin, B, Mariabelli, E, Marini, S, Poggi, A, Amadasi, S, Apostoli, A, Biasi, L, Bonito, A, Brianese, N, Compostella, S, Ferraresi, A, Motta, D, Mughini, M, Celesia, B, Gussio, M, Sofia, S, Tana, M, Tundo, P, Viscoli, C, De Hoffer, L, Di Biagio, A, Grignolo, S, Parisini, A, Schenone, E, Taramasso, L, Manconi, P, Boccone, A, Ortu, F, Piano, P, Serusi, L, Puoti, M, Moioli, M, Rossotti, R, Travi, G, Ventura, F, Galli, M, Di Nardo Stuppino, S, Di Cristo, V, Giacomelli, A, Vimercati, V, Viale, P, Gori, A, Rizzardini, G, Capetti, A, Carenzi, L, Mazza, F, Meraviglia, P, Rosa, S, Zucchi, P, Mineo, M, Giuliani, M, Pacifici, A, Pimpinelli, F, Solivetti, F, Stivali, F, Angelici, F, Bellagamba, R, Delle Rose, D, Fezza, R, Libertone, R, Mosti, S, Narciso, P, Nicastri, E, Ottou, S, Tomassi, C, Vlassi, C, Zaccarelli, M, Zoppe, F, Vullo, V, Altavilla, F, Ceccarelli, G, Fantauzzi, A, Gebremeskel, S, Lo Menzo, S, Mezzaroma, I, Tierno, F, Petrosillo, N, Boumis, E, Cicalini, S, Grilli, E, Musso, M, Stella, C, Mura, M, Bagella, P, Mannazzu, M, Soddu, V, Caramello, P, Carcieri, C, Carosella, S, Farenga, M, Scotton, P, Rossi, M, Concia, E, Corsini, F, Gricolo, C, Lanzafame, M, Lattuada, E, Leonardi, S, Rigo, F, Lazzarin, A, Bigoloni, A, Carini, E, Nozza, S, Spagnuolo, V, Belfiori, B, Malincarne, L, Schiaroli, E, Sfara, C, Tosti, A, Sacchini, D, Ruggieri, A, Valdatta, C, Roldan, Eq, Focà, E, and on behalf of the Atlas-M Study, Group

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, HIV Infections, ART HIV, Gastroenterology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, immune system diseases, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, HIV Infection, Pharmacology (medical), Viral, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adult, Atazanavir Sulfate, Coinfection, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV-1, Humans, Lamivudine, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral, Ritonavir, Viral Load, Young Adult, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, virus diseases, dual therapy, Combination, Viral load, Human, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Highly Active, Adverse effect, business.industry, Surgery, Atazanavir, Regimen, RNA, business
Abstract

Background: Combination ART (cART)-related toxicities and costs have prompted the need for treatment simplification. The ATLAS-M trial explored 48 week non-inferior efficacy of simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir + lamivudine versus maintaining three-drug atazanavir/ritonavir-based cART in virologically suppressed patients. Methods: We performed an open-label, multicentre, randomized, non-inferiority study, enrolling HIV-infected adults on atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs, with stable HIV-RNA 200 cells/mm3. Main exclusion criteria were hepatitis B virus coinfection, past virological failure on or resistance to study drugs, recent AIDS and pregnancy. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to either switch to 300mg of atazanavir/ 100mg of ritonavir once daily and 300mg of lamivudine once daily (atazanavir/ritonavir+lamivudine arm) or to continue the previous regimen (atazanavir/ritonavir+two NRTIs arm). The primary study outcome was the maintenance of HIV-RNA

Published
2017

13. Synergic deposition route for the functionalisation of biomedical devices

Author

Visentin, F., Galenda, A., Fabrizio, M., Rosalba, G., Brianese, N., Nodari, L., and El Habra, N.

Subjects
titanium dioxide, MOCVD, osteointegration, MOCVD osteointegration titanium dioxide
Abstract

Titanium has been widely used for dental implants due to its biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. In order to improve osseointegration, the Ti surface is generally functionalized. A typical methodology for surface modification is the coating of Ti substrates with bioactive layers of calcium phosphate ceramics (CPCs) [1]. However, CPC coatings on metal implants usually suffer from poor adhesion. With the aim of improving the adhesion strength, the insertion of dense and compact ceramic interlayers is reported to be useful[1]. Among various ceramics, crystalline TiO2 has been extensively used thanks to its well-known biocompatibility and bioactivity [2]. In this work, a multi-step solvent free process is proposed, with the aim of obtaining a final composite material made up of a dense, compact and crystalline titania inter-layer (obtained via Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition technique) and of a homogeneously spread discontinuous CPC toplayer, with particular chemical composition, crystallinity and morphology (obtained by means of water-based spray pyrolysis technique). Finally, a thermal treatment is carried out. These synthesis approaches are relatively simple and economic, eco-compatible and consequently suitable for an easy industrial scale-up of the process. The morphology, crystalline structures and wettability of the coated surfaces is here presented. Moreover, ions release and in vitro acellular bioactivity have also been evaluated.

Published
2018

21. Virological effectiveness and CD4+ T-cell increase over early and late courses in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: focus on HCV and anchor class received

Author

Motta, Davide Enrico, Brianese, N, Focà, E, Nasta, P, Maggiolo, F, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Cologni, G, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Di Pietro, Maria Luisa, Ladisa, N, Sighinolfi, L, Costarelli, S, Castelnuovo, F, Torti, C., Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), Di Pietro, Maria Luisa (ORCID:0000-0002-3893-8788), Motta, Davide Enrico, Brianese, N, Focà, E, Nasta, P, Maggiolo, F, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Cologni, G, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Di Pietro, Maria Luisa, Ladisa, N, Sighinolfi, L, Costarelli, S, Castelnuovo, F, Torti, C., Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), and Di Pietro, Maria Luisa (ORCID:0000-0002-3893-8788)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of HCV co-infection on virological effectiveness and on CD4+ T-cell recovery in patients with an early and sustained virological response after HAART. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal analysis of 3,262 patients from the MASTER cohort, who started HAART from 2000 to 2008. Patients were stratified into 6 groups by HCV status and type of anchor class. The early virological outcome was the achievement of HIV RNA <500 copies/ml 4-8 months after HAART initiation. Time to virological response was also evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The main outcome measure of early immunological response was the achievement of CD4+ T-cell increase by [greater than or equal to]100/mm3 from baseline to month 4-8 in virological responder patients. Late immunological outcome was absolute variation of CD4+ T-cell count with respect to baseline up to month 24. Multivariable analysis (ANCOVA) investigated predictors for this outcome. RESULTS: The early virological response was higher in HCV Ab-negative than HCV Ab-positive patients prescribed PI/r (92.2% versus 88%; p = 0.01) or NNRTI (88.5% versus 84.7%; p = 0.06). HCV Ab-positive serostatus was a significant predictor of a delayed virological suppression independently from other variables, including types of anchor class. Reactivity for HCV antibodies was associated with a lower probability of obtaining [greater than or equal to]100/mm3 CD4+ increase within 8 months from HAART initiation in patients treated with PI/r (62.2% among HCV Ab-positive patients versus 70.9% among HCV Ab-negative patients; p = 0.003) and NNRTI (63.7% versus 74.7%; p < 0.001). Regarding late CD4+ increase, positive HCV Ab appeared to impair immune reconstitution in terms of absolute CD4+ T-cell count increase both in patients treated with PI/r (p = 0.013) and in those treated with NNRTI (p = 0.002). This was confirmed at a multivariable analysis up to 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION

Published
2012

22. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLOPENTYLINDIUM(III) COMPOUNDS

Author

ROSSETTO G., BRIANESE N., CAMPORESE A., PORCHIA M., and ZANELLA P.

Subjects
PRECURSORS, MOVPE, III-V SEMICONDUCTORS, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
Abstract

A series of organoindium compounds containing the cyclopentyl ligand (cyclopentyl = C5H9) has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic means (H-1 and C-13 NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy). Reaction of (C5H9)MgCl with InCl3 in the 3:1 or 2:1 molar ratio gave In(C5H9)3 and In(C5H9)2Cl, respectively. The latter can be obtained also by ligand exchange between InCl3 and In(C5H9)3. In(C5H9)2Cl reacts easily with LiNEt2 and LiPyr (HPyr = pyrazole) giving In(C5H9)2NEt2 and In(C5H9)2Pyr, respectively. On the basis of mass spectroscopy In(C5H9)2Cl, the amide and the pyrazolide derivatives are dimers in the vapour phase

Published
1993

24. N-BASED ORGANOMETALLIC PRECURSORS FOR INP MOVPE

Author

BRIANESE N., ROSSETTO G., PORCHIA M., ZANELLA P., and AJO D.

Abstract

MOVPE is successfully employed in the preparation on a commercial scale of InP thin films and related semiconductor compounds. However, there are some drawbacks associated with the current methodology, mainly the environmental and health hazards of handling pyrophoric starting materials. Here we report on the studies about the synthesis of some new indium compounds which can overcome these problems . The decrease in their oxygen and moisture sensitivity has been obtained using N-ligands that, forming a coordinative In-N bond, leads to a saturation of the indium atom.

Published
1991

26. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF THE TRIMESITYLINDIUM(III)-TETRAHYDROFURAN ADDUCT

Author

ROSSETTO G., BRIANESE N., CAMPORESE A ., CASELLATO U., OSSOLA F., PORCHIA M., ZANELLA P., and GRAZIANI R.

Subjects
III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS, CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION, COMPLEXES, MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE
Abstract

The trimesitylindium(III)-tetrahydrofuran adduct, InMes3.THF, was prepared by reacting MesMgBr with a suspension of anhydrous InCl3 in Et2O. The compound has been characterized by IR, H-1 NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 8.503(5), b = 14.267(4), c = 22.709(4) angstrom and beta = 97.04(3) degrees. The structure has been refined to R = 0.037 based on 3409 observed reflexions. The compound is a distorted tetrahedron, with In-C distances of 2.221(2) angstrom (mean value) and an In-O distance of 2.414(4) angstrom. The complex loses the THF molecule by heating under vacuum giving InMes3.

Published
1990

36. Chemical and structural aspects of cyclopentadienyl uranium(IV) tetrahydroborato complexes

Author

Zanella, P., Brianese, N., Casellato, U., Ossola, F., Porchia, M., Rossetto, G., and Graziani, R.

Abstract

Several new or partially described complexes of uranium(IV) of the series Cp 4−nU(BH 4) n[Cp=η 5- C 5H 5, η 5-C 5H 4CH 3or η 5-C 5H 4Si(CH 3) 3] are reported, mainly in order to systematically compare their physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties. X-ray data of the crystal structure of Cp 3UBH 4are also reported.

Published
1988
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37. Insertion of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide into the U-N bond of [U(?-C5H5)3(NEt2)]. Crystal structure of [U(?-C5H5)3{C(NEt2)=NC 6H3Me2-2,6}]

Author

Zanella P., Brianese N., Casellato U., Ossola F., Porchia M., Rossetto G., and Graziani R.

Abstract

Insertion of CNC6H3Me2-2,6 into the U-N bonds of [U(?-C5H5)2(NEt2)2] and [U(?-C5H5)3(NEt2)] has been observed, leading to the formation of iminocarbamoyl derivatives. The structure of one of the resulting complexes [U(?-C5H5)3{C(NEt2)=NC 6H3Me2-2,6}] has been determined by X-ray analysis; this shows that the [C(NEt2)=NC6H3Me2-2,6]- anion is ?2-co-ordinated and the C=N double bond lies perpendicular to the U-M axis (where M is the midpoint of the C=N bond). 1H N.m.r. shows that the C5H5 protons are magnetically inequivalent. Some evidence of the insertion of CNC6H3Me2-2,6 into the U-P bond of [U(?-C5H5)3(PPh2)] is also reported.

Published
1987

48. Virological effectiveness and CD4+ T-cell increase over early and late courses in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: focus on HCV and anchor class received

Author

Motta Davide, Brianese Nigritella, Focà Emanuele, Nasta Paola, Maggiolo Franco, Fabbiani Massimiliano, Cologni Giuliana, Di Giambenedetto Simona, Di Pietro Massimo, Ladisa Nicoletta, Sighinolfi Laura, Costarelli Silvia, Castelnuovo Filippo, and Torti Carlo

Subjects
HIV, HCV, HAART, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to explore the effects of HCV co-infection on virological effectiveness and on CD4+ T-cell recovery in patients with an early and sustained virological response after HAART. Methods We performed a longitudinal analysis of 3,262 patients from the MASTER cohort, who started HAART from 2000 to 2008. Patients were stratified into 6 groups by HCV status and type of anchor class. The early virological outcome was the achievement of HIV RNA 3 from baseline to month 4–8 in virological responder patients. Late immunological outcome was absolute variation of CD4+ T-cell count with respect to baseline up to month 24. Multivariable analysis (ANCOVA) investigated predictors for this outcome. Results The early virological response was higher in HCV Ab-negative than HCV Ab-positive patients prescribed PI/r (92.2% versus 88%; p = 0.01) or NNRTI (88.5% versus 84.7%; p = 0.06). HCV Ab-positive serostatus was a significant predictor of a delayed virological suppression independently from other variables, including types of anchor class. Reactivity for HCV antibodies was associated with a lower probability of obtaining ≥100/mm3 CD4+ increase within 8 months from HAART initiation in patients treated with PI/r (62.2% among HCV Ab-positive patients versus 70.9% among HCV Ab-negative patients; p = 0.003) and NNRTI (63.7% versus 74.7%; p p = 0.013) and in those treated with NNRTI (p = 0.002). This was confirmed at a multivariable analysis up to 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions In this large cohort, HCV Ab reactivity was associated with an inferior virological outcome and an independent association between HCV Ab-positivity and smaller CD4+ increase was evident up to 12 months of follow-up. Although the difference in CD4+ T-cell count was modest, a stricter follow-up and optimization of HAART strategy appear to be important in HIV patients co-infected by HCV. Moreover, our data support anti-HCV treatment leading to HCV eradication as a means to facilitate the achievement of the viro-immunological goals of HAART.

Published
2012
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49. Prospective evaluation of bone markers, parathormone and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D in HIV-positive patients after the initiation of tenofovir/emtricitabine with atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz

Author

Focà Emanuele, Motta Davide, Borderi Marco, Gotti Daria, Albini Laura, Calabresi Alessandra, Izzo Ilaria, Bellagamba Rita, Narciso Pasquale, Sighinolfi Laura, Clò Alberto, Gibellini Davide, Quiros-Roldan Eugenia, Brianese Nigritella, Cesana Bruno, Re Maria, and Torti Carlo

Subjects
HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Bone turnover, Osteoporosis, Vitamin D, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis have been associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. There is a paucity of prospective evaluations of bone markers after the initiation of drugs currently recommended to treat HIV infection and results on the evolution of these markers are conflicting. Lastly, the effect of tenofovir on 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D is uncertain. Methods We performed a prospective study on the evolution of bone markers, parathormone and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D before and after standard antiretroviral regimens. This was a sub-study of a trial conducted in antiretroviral-naïve patients randomized to tenofovir + emtricitabine in combination with either atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV). Follow-up lasted 48 weeks. The following bone markers were analyzed: C-terminal cross-laps (CTx), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Mixed-factorial analysis of variance with random-coefficient general linear model was used to compare their trends over time and linear multivariable regression was performed with a backward selection method to assess predictors of their variations from baseline to week 48. Trends of parathormone and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D were also evaluated. Results Seventy-five patients were studied: 33 received EFV and 42 ATV/r. Significant increases were found for all markers except for RANKL. There was a significant direct association between CTx and OC increases. Multivariable analysis showed that higher glomerular filtration rate (estimated through cystatin C clearance) predicted greater OPG increase, while older age, higher HIV RNA at baseline and use of ATV/r predicted greater CTx increase. A significant increase of parathormone accompanied the evolution of the study markers. 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D remained stable, though a seasonality variation was demonstrated. Conclusions These data demonstrate CTx increase (bone resorption marker) corresponding to OC increase (bone formation marker) early upon HAART initiation. Moreover, predictors of bone marker increases have been suggested, possibly indicating that a stricter monitoring of bone health and pro-active interventions are needed in older patients, those with higher HIV RNA, prescribed ATV/r rather than EFV, and with decreased renal function at baseline. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for up-regulation of bone turnover markers, as well as to understand if and what markers are best correlated or predictive of pathological fractures.

Published
2012
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