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1. Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: Time for action?

Author: Brian Bell, Anthony Avery, Delia Bishara, Carol Coupland, Darren Ashcroft, and Martin Orrell
Subjects: anticholinergics, bladder symptoms, Bradford‐Hill criteria, dementia, deprescribing, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Abstract Evidence suggests that the prescription of bladder anticholinergics is increasing. Recent studies have accentuated concerns about whether certain prescribed medications could increase risk of dementia, including anticholinergic drugs, and specifically anticholinergics used for bladder symptoms. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to draw together the evidence to review the case for possible causation. Recognising this issue in 1965, Bradford‐Hill set out nine criteria to help assess whether evidence of a causal relationship could be inferred between a presumed cause and an observed effect. In this commentary, we explore the extent to which associations between anticholinergics and dementia satisfy the Bradford‐Hill criteria and examine the potential implications. First, we look at studies that have examined the relationship between anticholinergic drugs with urological properties (bladder drugs) and the onset of dementia, and then present those studies which specifically focus on the cognitive effects of bladder drugs that affect muscarinic receptors in the brain versus the bladder on older people along with suggestions for future research. We also discuss the risks and benefits of these drugs for treating overactive bladder. If it can be shown that certain medications carry a specific risk of dementia, it is possible that initiatives to change prescribing could become a key tool in reducing the risk of dementia and may be easier to implement than some lifestyle changes.
Published: 2021
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2. Optimal NHS service delivery to care homes: a realist evaluation of the features and mechanisms that support effective working for the continuing care of older people in residential settings

Author: Claire Goodman, Sue L Davies, Adam L Gordon, Tom Dening, Heather Gage, Julienne Meyer, Justine Schneider, Brian Bell, Jake Jordan, Finbarr Martin, Steve Iliffe, Clive Bowman, John RF Gladman, Christina Victor, Andrea Mayrhofer, Melanie Handley, and Maria Zubair
Subjects: care homes, primary health care, integrated care, older people, long-term care, health services research, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background: Care homes are the institutional providers of long-term care for older people. The OPTIMAL study argued that it is probable that there are key activities within different models of health-care provision that are important for residents’ health care. Objectives: To understand ‘what works, for whom, why and in what circumstances?’. Study questions focused on how different mechanisms within the various models of service delivery act as the ‘active ingredients’ associated with positive health-related outcomes for care home residents. Methods: Using realist methods we focused on five outcomes: (1) medication use and review; (2) use of out-of-hours services; (3) hospital admissions, including emergency department attendances and length of hospital stay; (4) resource use; and (5) user satisfaction. Phase 1: interviewed stakeholders and reviewed the evidence to develop an explanatory theory of what supported good health-care provision for further testing in phase 2. Phase 2 developed a minimum data set of resident characteristics and tracked their care for 12 months. We also interviewed residents, family and staff receiving and providing health care to residents. The 12 study care homes were located on the south coast, the Midlands and the east of England. Health-care provision to care homes was distinctive in each site. Findings: Phase 1 found that health-care provision to care homes is reactive and inequitable. The realist review argued that incentives or sanctions, agreed protocols, clinical expertise and structured approaches to assessment and care planning could support improved health-related outcomes; however, to achieve change NHS professionals and care home staff needed to work together from the outset to identify, co-design and implement agreed approaches to health care. Phase 2 tested this further and found that, although there were few differences between the sites in residents’ use of resources, the differences in service integration between the NHS and care homes did reflect how these institutions approached activities that supported relational working. Key to this was how much time NHS staff and care home staff had had to learn how to work together and if the work was seen as legitimate, requiring ongoing investment by commissioners and engagement from practitioners. Residents appreciated the general practitioner (GP) input and, when supported by other care home-specific NHS services, GPs reported that it was sustainable and valued work. Access to dementia expertise, ongoing training and support was essential to ensure that both NHS and care home staff were equipped to provide appropriate care. Limitations: Findings were constrained by the numbers of residents recruited and retained in phase 2 for the 12 months of data collection. Conclusions: NHS services work well with care homes when payments and role specification endorse the importance of this work at an institutional level as well as with individual residents. GP involvement is important but needs additional support from other services to be sustainable. A focus on strategies that promote co-design-based approaches between the NHS and care homes has the potential to improve residents’ access to and experience of health care. Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
Published: 2017
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3. Canadiana.org: One of Canada's oldest and newest digitization initiatives

Author: Brian Bell
Subjects: Metadata, Portal, Collaboratio, Preservation, Access, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: Canadiana.org is a new independent, non-profit, alliance of partners, includingLibrary and Archives Canada, from all parts of Canada's cultural, heritage,research, broadcasting and publishing communities, chartered to raise funds,receive donations and grants and to act as the overall coordinator and facilitatorfor digitization initiatives and related enduring access services and preservationinfrastructures. Working with Library and Archives Canada under the frameworkof the Canadian Digital Information Strategy, Canadiana.org has a 'masterplan' to facilitate a coherent national digital information strategy. The communityhas developed a bilingual metadata toolkit to suit most types of material as anoption for those who need it. The community also supports a powerful bilingualpublic access Indexing and Discovery Portal system (right now brandedAlouetteCanada) to enhance the searching and discovery of local digitalcollections of all types across the country.
Published: 2008

4. Sodium bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) tetracyanidocuprate(I)

Author: Peter W. R. Corfield, Robert K. Dobbs, and Brian Bell
Subjects: Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract: The title compound, Na[Cu(en)2][Cu(CN)4], where en represents ethylenediamine, NH2CH2CH2NH2, crystallizes as a salt with two distinct cations, Na+ and [CuIIen2]2+, and discrete [CuI(CN)4]3− anions. The anion geometry is tetrahedral, with angles at the copper atom ranging from 105.0 (1) to 115.4 (1)°. The Cu—C distances are in the range 1.976 (3) to 1.993 (3) Å. The divalent copper atom is coordinated by four N atoms of the two bidentate en ligands in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. In the crystal, each sodium ion interacts with cyanide N atoms of four different anions, with Na—N distances lying in the narrow range of 2.344 (3) to 2.367 (3) Å, and an approximately tetrahedral arrangement around the sodium ions. The interacting sodium ions and [CuI(CN)4]3− anions form a three-dimensional network with channels which contain the [Cu(en)2]2+ cations. One of the chelate rings in the cation shows partial disorder between two different conformations and the C atoms were refined with occupancies in the ratio 0.817 (15):0.183 (15).
Published: 2013
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5. 2.7 IBM z15: A 12-Core 5.2GHz Microprocessor.

Author: Christopher J. Berry, Brian Bell 0001, Adam Jatkowski, Jesse Surprise, John Isakson, Ofer Geva, Brian Deskin, Mark Cichanowski, Dina Hamid, Chris Cavitt, Gregory Fredeman, Anthony Saporito, Ashutosh Mishra, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Tobias Webel, Preetham Lobo, Pradeep Parashurama, Ramon Bertran, Dureseti Chidambarrao, David Wolpert 0001, and Brandon Bruen
Published: 2020
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6. Tractor Ploughing Manual, The, 2nd Edition: The Society of Ploughman Official Handbook

Author: Brian Bell
Published: 2021

7. Seventy Years of Farm Tractors 1930-2000

Author: Brian Bell
Published: 2020

8. IBM z14™: 14nm microprocessor for the next-generation mainframe.

Author: Christopher J. Berry, James D. Warnock, John Isakson, John Badar, Brian Bell 0001, Frank Malgioglio, Guenter Mayer, Dina Hamid, Jesse Surprise, David Wolpert 0001, Ofer Geva, Bill Huott, Leon J. Sigal, Sean M. Carey, Richard F. Rizzolo, Ricardo Nigaglioni, Mark Cichanowski, Dureseti Chidambarrao, Christian Jacobi 0002, Anthony Saporito, Arthur O'neill, Robert J. Sonnelitter, Christian G. Zoellin, Michael H. Wood, and José Neves 0002
Published: 2018
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9. Clinical Markers Associated With Risk of Suicide or Drug Overdose Among Individuals With Smoking Exposure

Author: Brigid A. Adviento, Elizabeth A. Regan, Barry J. Make, MeiLan K. Han, Marilyn G. Foreman, Anand S. Iyer, Surya P. Bhatt, Victor Kim, Jessica Bon, Xavier Soler, Gregory L. Kinney, Nicola A. Hanania, Katherine E. Lowe, Kristen E. Holm, Abebaw M. Yohannes, Gen Shinozaki, Karin F. Hoth, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Terri H. Beaty, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel El Boueiz, Auyon Ghosh, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Wonji Kim, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Dmitry Prokopenko, Matthew Moll, Jarrett Morrow, Dandi Qiao, Aabida Saferali, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Jeong Yun, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Matthew Strand, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Aastha Khatiwada, Erin Austin, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Eric L. Flenaugh, Hirut Gebrekristos, Mario Ponce, Silanath Terpenning, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, and Harjinder Singh
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Published: 2023

10. Clinically Significant and Comorbid Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Predict Severe Respiratory Exacerbations in Smokers: A Post Hoc Analysis of the COPDGene and SPIROMICS Cohorts

Author: Anand S. Iyer, Trisha M. Parekh, Jacqueline O’Toole, Surya P. Bhatt, Michelle N. Eakin, Jerry A. Krishnan, Abebaw M. Yohannes, Prescott G. Woodruff, Christopher B. Cooper, Richard E. Kanner, Nicola A. Hanania, Mark T. Dransfield, Elizabeth A. Regan, Karin F. Hoth, Victor Kim, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Huries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San José Estépar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Los Angeles, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, and Harjinder Singh
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Comorbid anxiety, business.industry, Internal medicine, Post-hoc analysis, Medicine, Respiratory system, business, Depressive symptoms
Published: 2022

11. The Decline in Rent Sharing

Author: Pawel Bukowski, Stephen Machin, and Brian Bell
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Industrial relations
Published: 2023

12. Where is the Land of Hope and Glory? The geography of intergenerational mobility in England and Wales

Author: Brian Bell, Jack Blundell, and Stephen Machin
Subjects: HB Economic Theory, Economics and Econometrics
Abstract: We present a new analysis of intergenerational mobility across three cohorts in England and Wales using linked decennial census microdata, focusing on occupation, homeownership, and education. Four main results emerge. First, area-level differences in upward occupational mobility are highly persistent over time. Second, measures of absolute and relative mobility tend to be spatially positively correlated. Third, there is a robust relationship between upward educational and upward occupational mobility. Last, there is a small negative relationship between upward homeownership mobility and upward occupational mobility, revealing that social mobility comparisons based on different outcomes can have different trends.
Published: 2023

13. The Association Between Lung Hyperinflation and Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers

Author: Divay Chandra, Aman Gupta, Gregory L. Kinney, Carl R. Fuhrman, Joseph K. Leader, Alejandro A. Diaz, Jessica Bon, R. Graham Barr, George Washko, Matthew Budoff, John Hokanson, Frank C. Sciurba, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Adel R. Boueiz, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Jim Crooks, Douglas Everett, Camille Moore, null Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Surya Bhatt, Carlos Martinez, Susan Murray, Xavier Soler, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Michael E. DeBakey, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya P. Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Carlos H. Martinez, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary Artery Disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, COPD: Original Research, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Functional residual capacity, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Lung volumes, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Lung, Subclinical infection, COPD, business.industry, Smoking, Organ Size, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, United States, Respiratory Function Tests, respiratory tract diseases, Airway Obstruction, Plethysmography, Biological Variation, Population, Pulmonary Emphysema, 030228 respiratory system, Asymptomatic Diseases, Cohort, Cardiology, Airway Remodeling, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smokers manifest varied phenotypes of pulmonary impairment. RESEARCH QUESTION: Which pulmonary phenotypes are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in smokers? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data from the University of Pittsburgh COPD Specialized Center for Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) cohort (n = 481) and the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) cohort (n = 2,580). Participants were current and former smokers with > 10 pack-years of tobacco exposure. Data from the two cohorts were analyzed separately because of methodologic differences. Lung hyperinflation was assessed by plethysmography in the SCCOR cohort and by inspiratory and expiratory CT scan lung volumes in the COPDGene cohort. Subclinical CAD was assessed as the coronary artery calcium score, whereas clinical CAD was defined as a self-reported history of CAD or myocardial infarction (MI). Analyses were performed in all smokers and then repeated in those with airflow obstruction (FEV(1) to FVC ratio, < 0.70). RESULTS: Pulmonary phenotypes, including airflow limitation, emphysema, lung hyperinflation, diffusion capacity, and radiographic measures of airway remodeling, showed weak to moderate correlations (r < 0.7) with each other. In multivariate models adjusted for pulmonary phenotypes and CAD risk factors, lung hyperinflation was the only phenotype associated with calcium score, history of clinical CAD, or history of MI (per 0.2 higher expiratory and inspiratory CT scan lung volume; coronary calcium: OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; P = .02; clinical CAD: OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3; P = .01; and MI in COPDGene: OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P = .05). FEV(1) and emphysema were associated with increased risk of CAD (P < .05) in models adjusted for CAD risk factors; however, these associations were attenuated on adjusting for lung hyperinflation. Results were the same in those with airflow obstruction and were present in both cohorts. INTERPRETATION: Lung hyperinflation is associated strongly with clinical and subclinical CAD in smokers, including those with airflow obstruction. After lung hyperinflation was accounted for, FEV(1) and emphysema no longer were associated with CAD. Subsequent studies should consider measuring lung hyperinflation and examining its mechanistic role in CAD in current and former smokers.
Published: 2021

14. Analysis and Characterization of Intel Itanium Instruction Bundles for Improving VLIW Processor Performance.

Author: Jiangjiang Liu 0002, Brian Bell, and Tan Truong
Published: 2006
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15. Retrospective review of medication-related incidents at a major teaching hospital and the potential mitigation of these incidents with electronic prescribing and medicines administration

Author: Millie Cattell, Kira Hyde, Brian Bell, Thomas Dawson, Tim Hills, Barbara Iyen, Adam Khimji, and Anthony Avery
Subjects: General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Published: 2023

16. Prevalence of abnormal spirometry in individuals with a smoking history and no known obstructive lung disease

Author: Thuonghien V. Tran, Gregory L. Kinney, Alejandro Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, Arianne K. Baldomero, A. James Mamary, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Nicola Hanania, Richard Casaburi, Kendra A. Young, Victor Kim, Barry Make, Emily S. Wan, Alejandro A. Diaz, John Hokanson, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Surya P. Bhatt, Elizabeth Regan, Spyridon Fortis, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri H. Beaty, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel El Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Auyon Ghosh, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Wonji Kim, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Dmitry Prokopenko, Matthew Moll, Jarrett Morrow, Dandi Qiao, Aabida Saferali, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Jeong Yun, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Erin Austin, Gregory Kinney, Jessica Bon, Susan Murray, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush BanaeiKashani, Perry G. Pernicano, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D'Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Eric L. Flenaugh, Hirut Gebrekristos, Mario Ponce, Silanath Terpenning, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, and Harjinder Singh
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Published: 2023

17. Repeater insertion and wire sizing optimization for throughput-centric VLSI global interconnects.

Author: Harshit K. Shah, Pun H. Shiu, Brian Bell, Mamie Aldredge, Namarata Sopory, and Jeff Davis
Published: 2002
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18. Cores, Cache, Content, and Characterization: IBM’s Second Generation 14-nm Product, z15

Author: Paul J. Logsdon, Preetham M. Lobo, John Isakson, Alan Wagstaff, Ofer Geva, Eric J. Lukes, Parashurama Pradeep Bhadravati, Anthony Saporito, Christopher J. Berry, Dina Hamid, Brian Deskin, Brandon Bruen, Mark Cichanowski, Brian Bell, Gregory J. Fredeman, Dinesh Kannambadi, Jesse Surprise, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, S. Carey, Chris Cavitt, Ramon Bertran, David H. Wolpert, Michael Romain, Dureseti Chidambarrao, Tobias Webel, Adam R. Jatkowski, Ashutosh Mishra, Ishita Agarwal, and Hunter Shi
Subjects: Dynamic random-access memory, CPU cache, Computer science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Thread (computing), eDRAM, law.invention, law, Embedded system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, System on a chip, Cache, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: The IBM z15 system improves upon the prior-generation z14 design within the same chip footprint and technology node, while featuring the addition of two cores, 33%/100%/43% additional L2/L3/L4 cache, as well as additional core features and on-chip accelerators. The largest 5-drawer system configuration includes 20 central processor (CP) chips, five system controller (SC) chips, and 40 TB of memory. With ~200 cores across all CP chips operating with 99.99999% uptime at 5.2 GHz, z15 achieves a 25% increase in system capacity and a 14% single thread performance improvement over the z14 system. In this article, we describe the key design factors and system/characterization refinement that enabled these results, including the novel 2-Mb embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) cell, a new voltage droop monitor, a more comprehensive power reduction infrastructure to reduce power-limited yield, results on reliability-limited versus power-limited yield, and a characterization effort for exploring even higher frequencies, with our first reported 6-GHz values achieved in the lab at customer temperatures and voltages.
Published: 2021

19. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Live Musical Performance in the United States and the United Kingdom: Outsider and Insider Perspectives

Author: Thomas L. Bell, Brian Bell, and Carl Taylor
Published: 2022

20. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin MZ Heterozygosity Is an Endotype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author: Auyon J. Ghosh, Brian D. Hobbs, Matthew Moll, Aabida Saferali, Adel Boueiz, Jeong H. Yun, Frank Sciurba, Lucas Barwick, Andrew H. Limper, Kevin Flaherty, Gerard Criner, Kevin K. Brown, Robert Wise, Fernando J. Martinez, David Lomas, Peter J. Castaldi, Vincent J. Carey, Dawn L. DeMeo, Michael H. Cho, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri H. Beaty, Adel El-Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, John E. Hokanson, Wonji Kim, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Dmitry Prokopenko, Jarrett Morrow, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Erin Austin, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Surya P. Bhatt, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Eric L. Flenaugh, Hirut Gebrekristos, Mario Ponce, Silanath Terpenning, Gloria Westney, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, and Harjinder Singh
Subjects: Male, Endotype, Respiratory System, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences, Gastroenterology, Loss of heterozygosity, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Genotype, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Aetiology, Lung, Aged, 80 and over, COPD, RNA sequencing, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phenotype, Meta-analysis, Respiratory, Female, alpha-1 antitrypsin, Genetic Markers, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Chronic Obstructive, Heterozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pulmonary disease, Pulmonary Disease, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Humans, Allele, Aged, Emphysema, COPDGene Investigators, Whole Genome Sequencing, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, respiratory tract diseases, meta-analysis, alpha 1-Antitrypsin, Case-Control Studies, business
Abstract: RATIONALE: Multiple studies have demonstrated an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in heterozygous carriers of the AAT (alpha-1 antitrypsin) Z allele. However, it is not known if MZ subjects with COPD are phenotypically different from noncarriers (MM genotype) with COPD. OBJECTIVES: To assess if MZ subjects with COPD have different clinical features compared with MM subjects with COPD. METHODS: Genotypes of SERPINA1 were ascertained by using whole-genome sequencing data in three independent studies. We compared outcomes between MM subjects with COPD and MZ subjects with COPD in each study and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We performed longitudinal and survival analyses to compare outcomes in MM and MZ subjects with COPD over time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We included 290 MZ subjects with COPD and 6,184 MM subjects with COPD across the three studies. MZ subjects had a lower FEV(1)% predicted and greater quantitative emphysema on chest computed tomography scans compared with MM subjects. In a meta-analysis, the FEV(1) was 3.9% lower (95% confidence interval [CI], −6.55% to −1.26%) and emphysema (the percentage of lung attenuation areas
Published: 2021

21. Farm Machinery

Author: Brian Bell
Published: 2010

22. Supporting Community-Based Capacity Development

Author: Brian Bell
Published: 2008

23. Longitudinal Association Between Muscle Loss and Mortality in Ever Smokers

Author: Stefanie E. Mason, Rafael Moreta-Martinez, Wassim W. Labaki, Matthew J. Strand, Elizabeth A. Regan, Jessica Bon, Ruben San Jose Estepar, Richard Casaburi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Harry B. Rossiter, Barry Make, Mark T. Dransfield, MeiLan K. Han, Kendra Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Kathleen Stringer, Greg Kinney, John E. Hokanson, Raul San Jose Estepar, George R. Washko, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Sara Cummings, Kelley Madden, Barry J. Make, Juliet Nabbosa, Emily Port, Serine Rashdi, Lori Stepp, Shandi Watts, Michael Weaver, Terri Beaty, Russell P. Bowler, David A. Lynch, Gary Anderson, Eugene R. Bleecker, Harvey O. Coxson, Ronald G. Crystal, James C. Hogg, Michael A. Province, Stephen I. Rennard, Thomas Croxton, Weiniu Gan, Lisa A. Postow, Lisa M. Viviano, Corinne Costa-Davis, Elisha Malanga, Delia Prieto, Ruth Tal-Singer, Homayoon Farzadegan, Akila Hadji, Leena Sathe, David Baraghoshi, Grace Chen, James Crooks, Ruthie Knowles, Katherine Pratte, Carla Wilson, Pearlanne T. Zelarney, Katerina J. Kechris, Sonia Leach, Erin E. Austin, Annika Czizik, Gregory Kinney, Yisha Li, Sharon M. Lutz, Margaret F. Ragland, Nicole Richmond, Kendra A. Young, Michael Cho, Peter J. Castaldi, Kimberly Glass, Craig Hersh, Wonji Kim, Yang-Yu Liu, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Bidinger, Michael H. Cho, Douglas Conrad, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. El-Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Auyon Ghosh, Georg Hahn, Nadia N. Hansel, Lystra P. Hayden, Brian Hobbs, Woori Kim, Christoph Lange, Merry- Lynn McDonald, Michael McGeachie, Matthew Moll, Melody Morris, Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, Dandi Qiao, Ingo Ruczinski, Emily S. Wan, Jennifer G. Dy, Sean B. Fain, Shoshana Ginsburg, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Philip F. Judy, Alex Kluiber Stefanie Mason, Andrea Oh, Clare Poynton, Joseph M. Reinhardt, James Ross, Joyce D. Schroeder, Arkadiusz Sitek, Robert M. Steiner, Edwin van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Robert Jensen, Co-Chair: John E. Hokanson, Surya P. Bhatt, Victor Kim, Nirupama Putcha, MeiLan Han, Alejandro A. Diaz, Elizabeth Regan, Antonio Anzueto, William C. Bailey, Gerard J. Criner, Kim Sprenger, Takis Benos, Nicola A. Hanania, Karin F. Hoth, Allison Lambert, Katherine Lowe, Gabriela Oates, Trisha Parekh, Gloria Westney, Aparna Balasubramanian, Aladin Boriek, Ashraf Fawzy, Francine Jacobson, David C. LaFon, Neil MacIntyre, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Meredith C. McCormack, Frank Sciurba, Xavier Soler, Vickram Tejwani, Edwin JR. van Beek, Raymond C. Wade, Mike Wells, Chris H. Wendt, Jeong H. Yun, Jingzhou Zhang, Lucas Gillenwater, Katherine E. Lowe, Katherine A. Pratte, Margaret Ragland, Amy Attaway, Stefanie Mason, Punam Kumar Saha, Ava Wilson, Hannatu Amaza, Adrienne Baldomero, A. James Mamary, James O’Brien, Robert A. Wise, Michelle Eakin, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Ben Henkle, Kristen Holm, Anand Iyer, Ken M. Kunisaki, Charlene McEvoy, Takudzwa Mkorombindo, Gen Shinozaki, Abebaw Yohannes, Brian D. Hobbs, Bruce E. Miller, Tara Retson, Lisa McCloskey, Perry G. Pernicano, Mustafa Atik, Laura Bertrand, Thomas Monaco, Dharani Narendra, Veronica V. Lenge de Rosen, Kwame Badu-Danso, Francine L. Jacobson, Laura Kaufman, Cherie Maguire, Sophie Struble, Seth Wilson, R. Graham Barr, Casandra Almonte, John H.M. Austin, Maria Lorena Gomez Blum, Belinda M. D’Souza, Emilay Florez, Rodney Martinez, Wendy Curry, H. Page McAdams, Charlotte V. Reikofski, Lacey Washington, Robert Brown, Cheryl Clare, Marie Daniel, Karen Horton, Cheng Ting 'Tony' Lin, Tahira Mirza, Meagan Scott, Becky Shade, Matt Budoff, Robert Calmelat, Deborah Cavanaugh, Chris Dailing, Leticia Diaz, Hans Fischer, Renee Love Indelicato, Janos Porszasz, April Soriano, William Stringer, Miriam Urrutia, Arianne Baldomero, Brian Bell, Miranda Deconcini, Linda Loes, Jonathan Phelan, Camille Robichaux, Cheryl Sasse, Joseph H. Tashjian, Eric L. Flenaugh, Kema Abson, Hirut Gebrekristos, Priscilla Johnson, Jessica Jordan, Mario Ponce, Silanath Terpenning, Derrick Wilson, Grace Broadhurst, Debra Dyer, Elena Engel, Jay Finigan, Andrew Hill, Alex Jones, Ryan Jones, Jordan Owen, Richard Rosiello, Nicole Andries, Mary Charpentier, Diane Kirk, David Pace, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Valena Davis, Parag Desai, Dee Fehrle, Carla Grabianowski, Michael Jacobs, Laurie Jameson, Gayle M. Jones, Steven Kelsen, Nathaniel Marchetti, Francine McGonagle, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Regina Sheridan, Maria Vega-Sanchez, Samantha Wallace, Samuel Akinseye-kolapo, Matthew Baker, Arnissa Goggins, Anny McClain, Hrudaya Nath, Satinder P. Singh, Sushil K. Sonavane, Elizabeth Westfall, Marissa Gil, Tarek El Hajjaoui, Albert Hsiao, Amber Martineau, Jenna Mielke, Karl Perez, Gabriel Querido, Tara Reston, Andrew Yen, Alejandro Comellas, Spyridon Fortis, Mauricio Galizia, Eric Garcia, Janet Keating, Archana Laroia, Changhyun Lee, Amber Meyer, Brian Mullan, Prashant Nagpal, Oloigbe Ofori, and Sierra Suiter
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Clinical Sciences, Respiratory System, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, COPD: Original Research, Body Mass Index, Pectoralis Muscles, Pulmonary Disease, sarcopenia, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Interquartile range, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, medicine, Tobacco Smoking, COPD, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Aetiology, Pectoralis Muscle, Lung, Nutrition, Smokers, COPDGene Investigators, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Prevention, Smoking, muscle wasting, medicine.disease, mortality, Confidence interval, Good Health and Well Being, Sarcopenia, Cardiology, Body Composition, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Biomarkers
Abstract: BackgroundBody composition measures, specifically low weight or reduced muscle mass, are associated with mortality in COPD, but the effect of longitudinal body composition changes is undefined.Research questionIs the longitudinal loss of fat-free mass (FFM) associated with increased mortality, including in those with initially normal or elevated body composition metrics?Study design and methodsParticipants with complete data for at least one visit in the COPDGene study (n= 9,268) and the ECLIPSE study (n= 1,760) were included and monitored for 12 and 8 years, respectively. Pectoralis muscle area (PMA) was derived from thoracic CT scans and used as a proxy for FFM. A longitudinal mixed submodel for PMA and a Cox proportional hazards submodel for survival were fitted on a joint distribution, using a shared random intercept parameter and Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation.ResultsBoth cohorts demonstrated a left-shifted distribution of baseline FFM, not reflected in BMI, and an increase in all-cause mortality risk associated with longitudinal loss of PMA. For each 1-cm2 PMA loss, mortality increased 3.1%(95%CI, 2.4%-3.7%; P< .001) in COPDGene, and 2.4%(95%CI, 0.9%-4.0%; P< .001) in ECLIPSE. Increased mortality risk was independent of enrollment values for BMI and disease severity [BODE (body mass, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index quartiles] and was significant even in participants with initially greater than average PMA.InterpretationLongitudinal loss of PMA is associated with increased all-cause mortality, regardless of BMI or initial muscle mass. Consideration of novel screening tests and further research into mechanisms contributing to muscle decline may improve risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic targets in ever smokers.
Published: 2021

24. Analyzing theory of mind impairment in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

Author: Anna Rita Giovagnoli, Alessandra Erbetta, Orso Bugiani, Brian Bell, and Chiara Paterlini
Subjects: Adult, Male, Theory of Mind, Prefrontal Cortex, Pilot Projects, Context (language use), Dermatology, Severity of Illness Index, Thinking, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Theory of mind, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Neuropsychology, Recognition, Psychology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Executive functions, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Comprehension, Psychiatry and Mental health, Social Perception, Frontotemporal Dementia, Faux pas, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract: Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and theory of mind (ToM) have common neuroanatomical aspects. This pilot study analyzed the qualitative features of ToM relatively to the site of prefrontal atrophy, aiming to identify a neurobehavioral pattern of bvFTD. Fourteen bvFTD patients were compared with 14 healthy subjects with similar age, years of schooling, gender distribution, and social background. The faux pas task (FPT) measured the recognition and comprehension of faux pas (FP) and awareness of the factual details on 20 stories. Magnetic resonance assessed prefrontal atrophy. The bvFTD patients were significantly impaired in FP recognition and comprehension and in attribution of non-existent FP. Qualitative analysis revealed five types of errors: misidentification of characters, misidentification of emotions, excessive cohesiveness to the factual context, delusional interpretations, and non-responses. The FPT recognition and comprehension scores were unrelated to story factual details or other neuropsychological performance. Conversely, the FP comprehension scores related to disease duration, the delusional errors to disease duration and prefrontal orbital atrophy, and the cohesiveness errors to age and prefrontal dorsolateral atrophy. In bvFTD, ToM is characterized by misinterpretation of mental states and concrete thinking, which is related to disease severity and distinct areas of prefrontal atrophy. This neurobehavioral pattern may be a marker for bvFDT.
Published: 2019

25. Longitudinal Phenotypes and Mortality in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry in the COPDGene Study

Author: Emily S. Wan, Spyridon Fortis, Elizabeth A. Regan, John Hokanson, MeiLan K. Han, Richard Casaburi, Barry J. Make, James D. Crapo, Dawn L. DeMeo, Edwin K. Silverman, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Sungho Won, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Dmitry Prokopenko, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Surya Bhatt, Jessica Bon, Barry Make, Carlos Martinez, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D. N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Follow up studies, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prism, business
Abstract: Rationale: Increasing awareness of the prevalence and significance of Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), alternatively known as restrictive or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lu...
Published: 2018

26. This Time is Not so Different: Income Dynamics During the COVID-19 Recession

Author: Nicholas Bloom, Brian Bell, and Jack Blundell
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Earnings, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Private sector, Recession, Shock (economics), Absolute size, Business cycle, Economics, Demographic economics, health care economics and organizations, media_common
Abstract: We use a UK employer-employee administrative earnings dataset to investigate the response of earnings and hours to business cycles. Exploiting our long panel of data from 1975 to 2020 we find wide heterogeneity in the exposure of different types of workers to aggregate shocks. Employees who are younger, male, lower-skilled, non-union, and working in smaller private sector firms show the largest earnings response to recessions. The qualitative patterns of earnings changes across workers observed in the COVID-19 recession are broadly as predicted using the previously estimated exposures and size of the GDP shock. This suggests the COVID-19 recession in terms of its impact responses was relatively similar to those that have gone before, but the GDP shock was far larger in absolute size. Compared to aggregate shocks, we find a relatively small role of firm-specific shocks, suggesting macro shocks play an outsized role in individual earnings dynamics.
Published: 2021

27. Tractor Ploughing Manual, The

Author: Brian Bell
Published: 2004

28. Emphysema Progression and Lung Function Decline Among Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockade Users in the COPDGene Cohort

Author: Vickram Tejwani, Ashraf Fawzy, Nirupama Putcha, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Katherine A. Pratte, Surya P. Bhatt, David A. Lynch, Stephen M. Humphries, Gregory L. Kinney, Franco R. D’Alessio, Nadia N. Hansel, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bramvan Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Eric Flenaugh, Silanth Terpenning, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, KenM. Kunisaki, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, and Joel Weissfeld
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, Angiotensin receptor, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Vital Capacity, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Walk Test, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, Medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, education, Aged, COPD, education.field_of_study, Lung, biology, business.industry, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, respiratory system, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, medicine.disease, Angiotensin II, respiratory tract diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Genetic epidemiology, Pulmonary Emphysema, Spirometry, Cohort, biology.protein, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lung Volume Measurements, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Background Attenuation of transforming growth factor β by blocking angiotensin II has been shown to reduce emphysema in a murine model. General population studies have demonstrated that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) is associated with reduction of emphysema progression in former smokers and that the use of ACEis is associated with reduction of FEV1 progression in current smokers. Research Question Is use of ACEi and ARB associated with less progression of emphysema and FEV1 decline among individuals with COPD or baseline emphysema? Methods Former and current smokers from the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD Study who attended baseline and 5-year follow-up visits, did not change smoking status, and underwent chest CT imaging were included. Adjusted linear mixed models were used to evaluate progression of adjusted lung density (ALD), percent emphysema (%total lung volume Results Over 5 years of follow-up, compared with nonusers, ACEi and ARB users with COPD showed slower ALD progression (adjusted mean difference [aMD], 1.6; 95% CI, 0.34-2.9). Slowed lung function decline was not observed based on phase 1 medication (aMD of FEV1 % predicted, 0.83; 95% CI, –0.62 to 2.3), but was when analysis was limited to consistent ACEi and ARB users (aMD of FEV1 % predicted, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.14-3.6). No effect modification by smoking status was found for radiographic outcomes, and the lung function effect was more pronounced in former smokers. Results were similar among participants with baseline emphysema. Interpretation Among participants with spirometry-confirmed COPD or baseline emphysema, ACEi and ARB use was associated with slower progression of emphysema and lung function decline. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT00608764; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Published: 2020

29. Final Reports of the 2020 Los Alamos National Laboratory Computational Physics Student Summer Workshop

Author: Jackson White, Nga Lo, Alex Warhover, Samuel Ozier, Olivia Martin, Asher May, Joshua Dyer, Quinn White, Jeffrey Keithley, EliseAnne Koskelo, Alex Somers, Tracy Blade, Le Nguyen, Tali Natan, Crystal Ottoway, Calvin Young, Brian Bell, Timothy Taylor, Harrison Leiendecker, Francisco Holguin, Joshua Abrams, and William Johns
Subjects: Engineering, Aeronautics, business.industry, business, National laboratory
Published: 2020

30. Nonepileptic Seizures and Their Costs

Author: Stephen T. Mennemeyer, Roy C. Martin, Brian Bell, and Bruce P. Hermann
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Neuropsychology, Psychiatry, business
Published: 2020

31. [Artificial intelligence in Danish healthcare]

Author: Carla Ragnhild, Kruse, Thomas, Lindskow, Rami Mossad, Ibrahim, Michael Vestergaard, Thomsen, and Brian, Bell
Subjects: Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Denmark, Humans, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have become important in medicine as shown in this review. Automatic tools can be trained to analyse patient data and thereby be a great asset to doctors when diagnosing and treating patients. Denmark is a leading country in collecting data. Having large amounts of stored data improves the quality when building a prediction tool. Due to the potential of building AI in the Danish healthcare sector, a significant amount of money has been allocated to foster new innovations in the field. Denmark could play a critical rule utilising data and implementing AI in medicine.
Published: 2020

32. 2.7 IBM z15: A 12-Core 5.2GHz Microprocessor

Author: Anthony Saporito, Jesse Surprise, Mark Cichanowski, Brian Deskin, Parashurama Pradeep Bhadravati, Gregory J. Fredeman, John Isakson, Preetham M. Lobo, Ramon Bertran, Brian Bell, Brandon Bruen, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Chris Cavitt, Ashutosh Mishra, Ofer Geva, Tobias Webel, Adam R. Jatkowski, Dina Hamid, David H. Wolpert, Dureseti Chidambarrao, and Christopher J. Berry
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Redundant array of independent memory, Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, Out-of-order execution, business.industry, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, eDRAM, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Microprocessor, law, 020204 information systems, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cache, Static random-access memory, business, Dram, Computer hardware
Abstract: The latest IBM Z microprocessor in the z15 system has been redesigned to have improved performance, system capacity and security over the previous z14 system [1]. These achievements are made while maintaining the central processor (CP) and system controller (SC) chip die sizes at 696mm2 in the GlobalFoundries 14nm high performance (14HP) SOI FinFET technology and 17 layers of copper interconnect [2], both design points of the z14 system. The system contains up to 20 CP and 5 SC chips. Each CP, shown in die photo A (Fig. 2.7.7), operates at 5.2GHz and is comprised of 12 cores, 3 PCle Gen4 interfaces, 256MB of L3 embedded DRAM (eDRAM) cache, two X-BUS interfaces connecting to one other CP chip and one SC chip, and a redundant array of independent memory (RAIM) interface. Each core on the CP chip has 8MB of L2 eDRAM cache as well as 256KB of L1 SRAM cache, both caches split evenly between data and instruction. Each SC, shown in die photo B, operates at half the frequency of the CP, or 2.6GHz, has 960MB of L4 eDRAM cache, X-BUS interfaces connecting to half of the CP chips in the drawer and four A-BUS interfaces connecting to the SC chips on the other drawers in the system. The CP contains 9.2B transistors and the SC contains 12.2B transistors. The total 10 bandwidth of the CP and SC are 2.3Tb/s and 5.6Tb/s, respectively.
Published: 2020

33. Disease Progression Modeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author: Barry J. Make, Venkata Bandi, Douglas Stinson, Ella A. Kazerooni, Harry B. Rossiter, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Xavier Soler, Arun C. Nachiappan, Paul J. Friedman, Karen M. Horton, Terri H. Beaty, Christine H. Wendt, Andrew Yen, Philip F. Judy, Ferdouse Begum, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Lystra P. Hayden, Joe W. Ramsdell, Peter J. Castaldi, Alejandro P. Comellas, Emily S. Wan, Susan Murray, Aladin M. Boriek, David Pace, Jessica Bon, Nadia N. Hansel, Chandra Dass, Marilyn G. Foreman, Neil R. MacIntyre, Kartik Shenoy, David A. Lynch, Brian D. Hobbs, Raúl San José Estépar, John D. Newell, Philip Alapat, Karin F. Hoth, Stephen M. Humphries, Robert M. Steiner, Alessandra Adami, R.P. Bowler, Parag Desai, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Anna Rozenshtein, Joel L. Weissfeld, Robert A. Wise, Nan M. Laird, Margaret M. Parker, Felix J. S. Bragman, Camille M. Moore, Abbie Begnaud, Allison A. Lambert, Elizabeth Guy, Michael R. Jacobs, Mario E. Ruiz, Dawn L. DeMeo, Sungho Won, Alex Kluiber, Amit D. Parulekar, John H. M. Austin, Nathaniel Marchetti, Dandi Qiao, Douglas Everett, Joseph H. Tashjian, Juerg Tschirren, Kendra A. Young, Adel Boueiz, James D. Crapo, Gregory L. Kinney, Richard Casaburi, Russell P. Bowler, Daniel C. Alexander, Francis Cordova, Craig P. Hersh, George R. Washko, H. Page McAdams, Amir Sharafkhaneh, A. James Mamary, J. Michael Wells, Lacey Washington, MeiLan K. Han, Mark T. Dransfield, Nirupama Putcha, Craig J. Galbán, Dmitry Prokopenko, Eric A. Hoffman, Gloria Westney, Katerina Kechris, Bojidar Rangelov, Carla Wilson, Charlene McEvoy, Divay Chandra, Edwin J R van Beek, Carlos H. Martinez, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Diego Maselli-Caceres, James C. Ross, Katherine A. Pratte, Christoph Lange, David Ciccolella, Charlie Lan, R. Graham Barr, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Aditi Satti, Irene Swift, Robert H. Brown, Hans Fischer, Victor Kim, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Sandra G. Adams, Belinda D’Souza, Perry G. Pernicano, Bram van Ginneken, Hrudaya Nath, Byron Thomashow, Jim Crooks, Joanne Billings, Jered Sieren, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Matthew J. Budoff, William C. Bailey, Eva M. van Rikxoort, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Francine L. Jacobson, Edwin K. Silverman, John E. Hokanson, Robert L. Jensen, John Hughes, Michael H. Cho, Alexandra L. Young, Steven G. Kelsen, Janos Porszasz, Jacqueline B. Hetmanski, Alex Swift, John R. Hurst, Elizabeth A. Regan, Anand S Iyer, Frank C. Sciurba, Mustafa A. Atik, Gerard J. Criner, Antonio Anzueto, Sharon M. Lutz, David J. Hawkes, Carl R. Fuhrman, William W. Stringer, Harvey O. Coxson, Berend C. Stoel, Eugene Berkowitz, Joyce D. Schroeder, Tadashi Allen, Surya P. Bhatt, Matthew Strand, Brad H. Thompson, Nicola A. Hanania, Brian Bell, Teresa Gray, Gilbert E. D'Alonzo, and Richard Rosiello
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, COPD, business.industry, Disease progression, Editorials, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030228 respiratory system, Disease Progression, Bronchitis, Female, Ct imaging, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 220761.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Rationale: The decades-long progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) renders identifying different trajectories of disease progression challenging.Objectives: To identify subtypes of patients with COPD with distinct longitudinal progression patterns using a novel machine-learning tool called "Subtype and Stage Inference" (SuStaIn) and to evaluate the utility of SuStaIn for patient stratification in COPD.Methods: We applied SuStaIn to cross-sectional computed tomography imaging markers in 3,698 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1-4 patients and 3,479 controls from the COPDGene (COPD Genetic Epidemiology) study to identify subtypes of patients with COPD. We confirmed the identified subtypes and progression patterns using ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) data. We assessed the utility of SuStaIn for patient stratification by comparing SuStaIn subtypes and stages at baseline with longitudinal follow-up data.Measurements and Main Results: We identified two trajectories of disease progression in COPD: a "Tissue-->Airway" subtype (n = 2,354, 70.4%), in which small airway dysfunction and emphysema precede large airway wall abnormalities, and an "Airway-->Tissue" subtype (n = 988, 29.6%), in which large airway wall abnormalities precede emphysema and small airway dysfunction. Subtypes were reproducible in ECLIPSE. Baseline stage in both subtypes correlated with future FEV1/FVC decline (r = -0.16 [P < 0.001] in the Tissue-->Airway group; r = -0.14 [P = 0.011] in the Airway-->Tissue group). SuStaIn placed 30% of smokers with normal lung function at elevated stages, suggesting imaging changes consistent with early COPD. Individuals with early changes were 2.5 times more likely to meet COPD diagnostic criteria at follow-up.Conclusions: We demonstrate two distinct patterns of disease progression in COPD using SuStaIn, likely representing different endotypes. One third of healthy smokers have detectable imaging changes, suggesting a new biomarker of "early COPD."
Published: 2020

34. Quantification of Perinodular Emphysema in High-risk Patients Offers No Benefit in Lung Nodule Risk-Stratification of Malignancy Potential

Author: Chris H. Wendt, William H. Amundson, Brian Bell, Charles Hatt, Eric J Swanson, and Ashley Petersen
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Malignancy, Risk Assessment, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hounsfield scale, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Lung volumes, Lung cancer, education, Lung, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule, Nodule (medicine), respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pulmonary Emphysema, Female, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Lung cancer screening
Abstract: Purpose Pulmonary nodules, found either incidentally or on lung cancer screening, are common. Evaluating the benign or malignant nature of these nodules is costly in terms of patient risk and expense. The presence of both global and regional emphysema has been linked to increased lung cancer risk. We sought to determine whether the measurement of emphysema directly adjacent to a lung nodule could inform the likelihood of a nodule being malignant. Materials and methods Within a population of Veterans at high risk for lung cancer, 58 subjects with malignant nodules found on computerized tomographic chest scans were matched by lobe and nodule size to 58 controls. Lung densitometry was measured via determination of the low attenuation area percentage at -950 Hounsfield units (LAA950) and the Hounsfield unit (HU) value at which 15% of lung voxels have a lower lung density (Perc15), at predefined lung volumes that encompassed the nodule to evaluate both perinodular and regional lung fields. The association between measured lung density and malignancy was investigated using conditional logistic regression models, with densitometry measurements used as the primary predictor, adjusting for age alone, or age and computerized tomographic scan characteristics. Results No significant differences in emphysema measurements between malignant and benign nodules were identified at lung volumes encompassing both perinodular and regional emphysema. Furthermore, emphysema quantification remained stable across lung volumes within individuals. Conclusions In this study, quantifying the degree of perinodular or regional emphysema did not offer any benefit in the risk stratification of lung nodules.
Published: 2019

35. Lobar Emphysema Distribution Is Associated With 5-Year Radiological Disease Progression

Author: Adel Boueiz, Yale Chang, Michael H. Cho, George R. Washko, Raul San José Estépar, Russell P. Bowler, James D. Crapo, Dawn L. DeMeo, Jennifer G. Dy, Edwin K. Silverman, Peter J. Castaldi, James Crapo, Edwin Silverman, Barry Make, Elizabeth Regan, Terri Beaty, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Stephanie Santorico, John Hokanson, Dawn DeMeo, Nadia Hansel, Craig Hersh, Peter Castaldi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Emily Wan, Megan Hardin, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Margaret Parker, Marilyn Foreman, Brian Hobbs, Robert Busch, Dandi Qiao, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Ferdouse Begum, Sungho Won, Sharon Lutz, David A. Lynch, Harvey O. Coxson, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul José Estépar, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Eva van Rikxoort, Bram van Ginneken, Carla G. Wilson, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Teresa Gray, Alex Kluiber, Tanya Mann, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Joyce Schroeder, Edwin Van Beek, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Anna Faino, Matt Strand, Carla Wilson, John E. Hokanson, Gregory Kinney, Kendra Young, Katherine Pratte, Lindsey Duca, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Venkata Bandi, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Arun Nachiappan, Francine Jacobson, R. Graham Barr, Byron Thomashow, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Neil MacIntyre, Lacey Washington, H. Page McAdams, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Janos Porszasz, Hans Fischer, Matthew Budoff, Harry Rossiter, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Gloria Westney, Eugene Berkowitz, Russell Bowler, David Lynch, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, J. Michael Wells, Surya Bhatt, Hrudaya Nath, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro Cornellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, MeiLan Han, Ella Kazerooni, Carlos Martinez, Joanne Billings, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Carl Fuhrman, Jessica Bon, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Genome-wide association study, Comorbidity, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, COPD, Distribution (pharmacology), 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, business.industry, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Pulmonary Emphysema, 030228 respiratory system, Genetic epidemiology, Radiological weapon, Cohort, Disease Progression, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 5], Female, Metabolic syndrome, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 194255.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Emphysema has considerable variability in its regional distribution. Craniocaudal emphysema distribution is an important predictor of the response to lung volume reduction. However, there is little consensus regarding how to define upper lobe-predominant and lower lobe-predominant emphysema subtypes. Consequently, the clinical and genetic associations with these subtypes are poorly characterized. METHODS: We sought to identify subgroups characterized by upper-lobe or lower-lobe emphysema predominance and comparable amounts of total emphysema by analyzing data from 9,210 smokers without alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) cohort. CT densitometric emphysema was measured in each lung lobe. Random forest clustering was applied to lobar emphysema variables after regressing out the effects of total emphysema. Clusters were tested for association with clinical and imaging outcomes at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Their associations with genetic variants were also compared. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified: minimal emphysema (n = 1,312), upper lobe-predominant emphysema (n = 905), and lower lobe-predominant emphysema (n = 796). Despite a similar amount of total emphysema, the lower-lobe group had more severe airflow obstruction at baseline and higher rates of metabolic syndrome compared with subjects with upper-lobe predominance. The group with upper-lobe predominance had greater 5-year progression of emphysema, gas trapping, and dyspnea. Differential associations with known COPD genetic risk variants were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Subgroups of smokers defined by upper-lobe or lower-lobe emphysema predominance exhibit different functional and radiological disease progression rates, and the upper-lobe predominant subtype shows evidence of association with known COPD genetic risk variants. These subgroups may be useful in the development of personalized treatments for COPD.
Published: 2018

36. Quantification of Perinodular Emphysema in High-Risk Patients Offers No Benefit in Nodule Risk-Stratification

Author: Chris H. Wendt, William H. Amundson, Brian Bell, E.J. Swanson, E. Loukusa, and C. Hatt
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, High risk patients, business.industry, Risk stratification, medicine, Nodule (medicine), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Published: 2019

37. Combined Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and Forced Vital Capacity Bronchodilator Response, Exacerbations, and Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author: Spyridon Fortis, Alejandro Comellas, Barry J. Make, Craig P. Hersh, Sandeep Bodduluri, Dimitris Georgopoulos, Victor Kim, Gerard J. Criner, Mark T. Dransfield, Surya P. Bhatt, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, Male, Vital capacity, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Vital Capacity, Pulmonary disease, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Bronchodilator, Forced Expiratory Volume, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Asthma, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Original Research, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, respiratory tract diseases, Bronchodilator Agents, Respiratory Function Tests, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, 030228 respiratory system, Volume (thermodynamics), Multivariate Analysis, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Female, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Rationale: The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society defines a positive bronchodilator response (BDR) by a composite of BDR in either forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and/or forced vital capacity (FVC) greater than or equal to 12% and 200 ml (ATS-BDR). We hypothesized that ATS-BDR components would be differentially associated with important chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes. Objectives: To examine whether ATS-BDR components are differentially associated with clinical, functional, and radiographic features in COPD. Methods: We included subjects with COPD enrolled in the COPDGene study. In the main analysis, we excluded subjects with self-reported asthma. We categorized BDR into the following: 1) No-BDR, no BDR in either FEV(1) or FVC; 2) FEV(1)-BDR, BDR in FEV(1) but no BDR in FVC; 3) FVC-BDR, BDR in FVC but no BDR in FEV(1); and 4) Combined-BDR, BDR in both FEV(1) and FVC. We constructed multivariable logistic, linear, zero-inflated negative binomial, and Cox hazards models to examine the association of BDR categories with symptoms, computed tomography findings, change in FEV(1) over time, respiratory exacerbations, and mortality. We also created models using the ATS BDR definition (ATS-BDR) as the main independent variable. Results: Of 3,340 COPD subjects included in the analysis, 1,083 (32.43%) had ATS-BDR, 182 (5.45%) had FEV(1)-BDR, 522 (15.63%) had FVC-BDR, and 379 (11.34%) had Combined-BDR. All BDR categories were associated with FEV(1) decline compared with No-BDR. Compared with No-BDR, both ATS-BDR and Combined-BDR were associated with higher functional residual capacity %predicted, greater internal perimeter of 10 mm, and greater 6-minute-walk distance. In contrast to ATS-BDR, Combined-BDR was independently associated with less emphysema (adjusted beta regression coefficient, −1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.68 to −0.65; P = 0.001), more frequent respiratory exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03–1.50; P = 0.02) and severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05–1.71; P = 0.02), and lower mortality (adjusted hazards ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58–0.99; P = 0.046). Sensitivity analysis that included subjects with self-reported history of asthma showed similar findings. Conclusions: BDR in both FEV(1) and FVC indicates a COPD phenotype with asthma-like characteristics, and provides clinically more meaningful information than current definitions of BDR.
Published: 2019

38. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire Definition of Chronic Bronchitis May Be a Better Predictor of COPD Exacerbations Compared With the Classic Definition

Author: Victor Kim, Huaqing Zhao, Elizabeth Regan, MeiLan K. Han, Barry J. Make, James D. Crapo, Paul W. Jones, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Edwin K. Silverman, Gerard J. Criner, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Eric L. Flenaugh, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, Gabriela Oates, Sushil Sonavane, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, Exacerbation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Per patient per year, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Aged, COPD, Normal spirometry, business.industry, Severe exacerbation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, humanities, Obstructive lung disease, respiratory tract diseases, Bronchitis, Chronic, 030228 respiratory system, Disease Progression, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, human activities
Abstract: Background Chronic bronchitis (CB) increases risk of COPD exacerbations. We have shown that the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) CB definition identifies patients with a similar clinical phenotype as classically defined CB. Whether the SGRQ CB definition is a predictor of future COPD exacerbations is unknown. Methods We analyzed 7,557 smokers with normal spirometry and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 1-4 COPD in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study with longitudinal follow-up data on exacerbations. Subjects were divided into classic CB+ or classic CB–, using the classic definition. In addition, subjects were divided into SGRQ CB+ or SGRQ CB–. Exacerbation frequency and severe exacerbation frequency were determined in each group. Multivariable linear regressions were performed for exacerbation frequency with either classic CB or SGRQ CB and relevant covariates. Results There were 1,434 classic CB+ subjects and 2,290 SGRQ CB+ subjects. The classic CB+ group had a greater exacerbation frequency compared with the classic CB– group (0.69 ± 1.26 vs 0.36 ± 0.90 exacerbations per patient per year; P Conclusions The SGRQ CB definition identified more subjects at risk for future exacerbations than the classic CB definition. SGRQ CB was at least a similar if not better predictor of future exacerbations than classic CB.
Published: 2018

39. Intergenerational Trust Funds in the Pacific

Author: Brian Bell, Bayley Roylance, and Tony Angelo
Subjects: 050502 law, Cultural Studies, Reflection on practice, History, Actuarial science, Sociology and Political Science, Emergency management, Public economics, business.industry, Best practice, 05 social sciences, Legislation, General Medicine, Budget support, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, business, Adaptation (computer science), Strengths and weaknesses, 0505 law
Abstract: This paper serves to introduce the topic of intergenerational trust funds and their legal forms in the Pacific. It gives an overview of the nature of these funds, what distinguishes them one from the other, and their strengths and weaknesses from a legal point of view. Intergenerational trust funds started with primarily budget support purposes but have been adapted over the years to serve other purposes, in particular the protection of ecosystems and for climate adaptation and environmental protection and disaster relief. Following a consideration of the structural and operational aspects of some key Pacific funds, the paper concludes with a reflection on practice over the years and identifies what is or should be best practice for such funds.
Published: 2016

40. A gravimetric method to monitor transpiration under water stress conditions in wheat

Author: Liam Dixon, Brian Bellinger, and Arron H. Carter
Subjects: Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract: Abstract The water‐limited potential yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be largely dependent on plant transpiration behavior. Research into plant transpiration dynamics is limited due to the difficulty of monitoring water use over an extended period of time. The advent of fully automated gravimetric platforms makes this research possible. The methods for using this equipment to study transpiration of wheat in water‐deficit environments are not well established. The objective of this greenhouse study was to develop a methodology to evaluate plant transpiration under terminal water stress using a gravimetric platform. Using a plant–pot system designed to limit nonplant water loss, the methodology proved capable of monitoring plant transpiration over a 42‐day period and detected significant differences between well‐watered and water‐stressed treatments. However, the high degree of variation in transpiration limited the system's ability to detect significant differences between genotypes of similar watering regimes. Both environmental and human error likely contributed to the observed variation. Recommendations are provided to reduce this variation and improve upon the methodology for future studies. This work lays the foundation for further research into plant water use and the identification of genotypes capable of high transpiration despite exposure to water‐deficit conditions.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. IBM z15: Physical design improvements to significantly increase content in the same technology

Author: Ofer Geva, Brian Deskin, Gregory J. Fredeman, Mark Cichanowski, Adam R. Jatkowski, Brian Bell, John Isakson, Christopher J. Berry, Chris Cavitt, Giora Biran, Brandon Bruen, David H. Wolpert, Jesse Surprise, Dureseti Chidambarrao, Dina Hamid, Michael H. Wood, S. Carey, L. Sigal, Gerald Strevig, and Drew Turner
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, General Computer Science, CPU cache, Computer science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Port (computer networking), 020204 information systems, Embedded system, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Leverage (statistics), IBM, Physical design, Elliptic curve cryptography, business, PCI Express
Abstract: The IBM Z processor continues to improve over previous System Z processors, but for the first time it does so without a technology improvement as the baseline enabler. The IBM z15 was designed in the same 14-nm High-Performance GLOBALFOUNDRIES technology as the IBM z14 and yet still added 20% more cores, doubled the L3 cache, and increased the L2 cache by a third while also adding a third peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) port to the chip and an elliptic curve cryptography engine into each core. This article discusses the design, tool, and methodology enhancements required to increase the design content so significantly while maintaining the chip size and power limits from the previous z14 design. This article also discusses other design and methodology improvements that were made possible via the deeper understanding of the technology and how to more fully leverage it in a second generation.
Published: 2020

42. Spirometric Volumes and Breathlessness across Levels of Airflow Limitation: The COPDGene Study

Author: Magnus Ekström, Anna Bornefalk-Hermansson, Nicholas Wysham, David C. Currow, Neil MacIntyre, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D. N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs Pharm.D, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, business.industry, Airflow, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Internal medicine, Correspondence, Cardiology, Medicine, business, Lung function
Abstract: Spirometric Volumes and Breathlessness Across Levels of Airflow Limitation : The COPDGene Study.
Published: 2018

43. Crime scars: recessions and the making of career criminals

Author: Anna Bindler, Brian Bell, and Stephen Machin
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Download, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Distribution (economics), jel:J64, jel:K42, Recession, HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, Globalization, Rlab, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Crime, recessions, unemployment, 050207 economics, health care economics and organizations, 050205 econometrics, computer.programming_language, media_common, HB Economic Theory, Poverty, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Unemployment, Happiness, Demographic economics, crime, recessions, unemployment, business, computer, human activities, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Recessions lead to short-term job loss, lower levels of happiness and decreasing income levels. There is growing evidence that workers who first join the labour market during economic downturns suffer from poor job matches that have a sustained detrimental effect on their wages and career progression. This paper uses a range of US and UK data to document a more disturbing long-run effect of recessions: young people who leave school in the midst of recessions are significantly more likely to lead a life of crime than those entering a buoyant labour market. Thus crime scars from higher entry level unemployment rates are both long lasting and substantial.
Published: 2018

44. Blood eosinophil count thresholds and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author: Jeong H. Yun, Andrew Lamb, Robert Chase, Dave Singh, Margaret M. Parker, Aabida Saferali, Jørgen Vestbo, Ruth Tal-Singer, Peter J. Castaldi, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D'Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, Y. Ivanov, K. Kostov, J. Bourbeau, M. Fitzgerald, P. Hernandez, K. Killian, R. Levy, F. Maltais, D. O'Donnell, J. Krepelka, J. Vestbo, E. Wouters, D. Quinn, P. Bakke, M. Kosnik, A. Agusti, J. Sauleda, P. de Mallorca, Y. Feschenko, V. Gavrisyuk, L. Yashina Kiev, N. Monogarova, P. Calverley, D. Lomas, W. MacNee, D. Singh, J. Wedzicha, A. Anzueto, S. Braman, R. Casaburi, B. Celli, G. Giessel, M. Gotfried, G. Greenwald, N. Hanania, D. Mahler, B. Make, S. Rennard, C. Rochester, P. Scanlon, D. Schuller, F. Sciurba, A. Sharafkhaneh, T. Siler, E. Silverman, A. Wanner, R. Wise, R. ZuWallack, H. Coxson, C. Crim, L. Edwards, R. Tal Singer, J. Yates, B. Miller, R. Tal-Singer, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Pulmonologie, and MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3)
Subjects: Male, Exacerbation, Allergy, AIRWAY INFLAMMATION, INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS, Rate ratio, Leukocyte Count, 0302 clinical medicine, exacerbation, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Lung, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Complete blood count, Middle Aged, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, Observational Studies as Topic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Disease Progression, Respiratory, Female, SHORT-TERM RESPONSE, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Immunology, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, White blood cell, medicine, Humans, eosinophil, Asthma, Aged, business.industry, COPDGene and ECLIPSE Investigators, Eosinophil, asthma, medicine.disease, Eosinophils, 030228 respiratory system, SPUTUM-EOSINOPHILIA, OVERLAP SYNDROME, business, COPENHAGEN GENERAL-POPULATION
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with exacerbations and responsivity to steroids, suggesting potential shared mechanisms with eosinophilic asthma. However, there is no consistent blood eosinophil count that has been used to define the increased exacerbation risk. OBJECTIVE:We sought to investigate blood eosinophil counts associated with exacerbation risk in patients with COPD. METHODS:Blood eosinophil counts and exacerbation risk were analyzed in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD by using 2 independent studies of former and current smokers with longitudinal data. The Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study was analyzed for discovery (n=1,553), and the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) study was analyzed for validation (n=1,895). Asubset of the ECLIPSE study subjects were used to assess the stability of blood eosinophil counts over time. RESULTS:COPD exacerbation risk increased with higher eosinophil counts. An eosinophil count threshold of 300cells/μL or greater showed adjusted incidence rate ratios for exacerbations of 1.32 in the COPDGene study (95% CI, 1.10-1.63). The cutoff of 300cells/μL or greater was validated for prospective risk of exacerbation in the ECLIPSE study, with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.06-1.41) using 3-year follow-up data. Stratified analysis confirmed that the increased exacerbation risk associated with an eosinophil count of 300cells/μL or greater was driven by subjects with a history of frequent exacerbations in both the COPDGene and ECLIPSE studies. CONCLUSIONS:Patients with moderate-to-severe COPD and blood eosinophil counts of 300cells/μL or greater had an increased risk exacerbations in the COPDGene study, which was prospectively validated in the ECLIPSE study.
Published: 2018

45. IBM z14™: 14nm microprocessor for the next-generation mainframe

Author: Jose L. Neves, Ofer Geva, Anthony Saporito, Mark Cichanowski, Christopher J. Berry, Christian Jacobi, John Badar, Brian Bell, Christian Zoellin, L. Sigal, B. Huott, James D. Warnock, Richard F. Rizzolo, Jesse Surprise, S. Carey, Frank Malgioglio, Arthur J. O'Neill, Guenter Mayer, Robert J. Sonnelitter, John Isakson, Dina Hamid, Michael G. Wood, Ricardo H. Nigaglioni, David Wolpert, and Dureseti Chidambarrao
Subjects: Redundant array of independent memory, Random access memory, Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, Computer science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, eDRAM, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, law.invention, Microprocessor, law, Embedded system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cache, Static random-access memory, business, Control bus, Dram, PCI Express
Abstract: The IBM Z microprocessor in the z14 system has been redesigned to improve performance, system capacity, and security [1] over the previous z13 system [2]. The system contains up to 24 central processor (CP) and 4 system controller (SC) chips. Each CP, shown in die photo A (Fig. 2.2.7), operates at 5.2GHz and is comprised of 10 cores, 2 PCIe Gen3 interfaces, an IO bus controller (GX), 128MB of L3 embedded DRAM (eDRAM) cache, X-BUS interfaces connecting to 2 other CP chips and one SC chip, and a redundant array of independent memory (RAIM) interface. Each core on the CP chip has 4MB of eDRAM L2 Data cache and 2MB of eDRAM L2 Instruction cache, with 128KB SRAM Instruction and 128KB SRAM Data L1 caches. Each SC, shown in die photo B (Fig. 2.2.7), operates at 2.6GHz and has 672MB of L4 eDRAM cache, X-BUS interfaces connecting to CP chips in the drawer and A-BUS interfaces connecting SCs on the other drawers. Both chips are 696mm2 and are designed in Global Foundries 14nm high performance (14HP) SOI FinFET technology with 17 layers of copper interconnect [3]. The CP contains 6.1B transistors, while the SC contains 9.7B transistors. The total IO bandwidth of the CP and SC are 2.9Tb/s and 5.5Tb/s, respectively.
Published: 2018

46. Minimum wages and firm value

Author: Brian Bell and Stephen Machin
Subjects: HB Economic Theory, Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, 050208 finance, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Enterprise value, Event study, Shock (economics), Rlab, 0502 economics and business, Industrial relations, Unemployment, Value (economics), Economics, Stock market, 050207 economics, Minimum wage, computer, media_common, computer.programming_language, Minimum Wages, Profits
Abstract: How does firm value change in response to a minimum wage hike? This paper exploits the announcement of a big change in the UK minimum wage that was both totally unanticipated and free of uncertainty. The stock market response to this is examined in an event study setting. The analysis uncovers significant falls in the stock market value of low wage firms. In the light of this finding, the paper concludes by discussing magnitudes of response, including longer term modes of firm adjustment to the cost shock induced by the minimum wage hike.
Published: 2018

47. Anterior cingulate dopamine turnover and behavior change in Parkinson’s disease

Author: Sterling C. Johnson, Laura Buyan-Dent, Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Sandra Harding, Jitka Sojkova, Bradley T. Christian, Jen Oh, Brian Bell, Matthew Palotti, Robert J. Nickles, James E. Holden, Charles K. Stone, and Catherine L. Gallagher
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parkinson's disease, Dopamine, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuropsychological Tests, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Gyrus Cinguli, Brain mapping, Article, Antiparkinson Agents, Nitrophenols, Benzophenones, Behavioral Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Anterior cingulate cortex, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Catechol-O-methyl transferase, Tolcapone, Neuropsychology, Carbidopa, Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Positron-Emission Tomography, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiopharmaceuticals, Psychology, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract: Subtle cognitive and behavioral changes are common in early Parkinson's disease. The cause of these symptoms is probably multifactorial but may in part be related to extra-striatal dopamine levels. 6-[(18) F]-Fluoro-L-dopa (FDOPA) positron emission tomography has been widely used to quantify dopamine metabolism in the brain; the most frequently measured kinetic parameter is the tissue uptake rate constant, Ki. However, estimates of dopamine turnover, which also account for the small rate of FDOPA loss from areas of specific trapping, may be more sensitive than Ki for early disease-related changes in dopamine biosynthesis. The purpose of the present study was to compare effective distribution volume ratio (eDVR), a metric for dopamine turnover, to cognitive and behavioral measures in Parkinson's patients. We chose to focus the investigation on anterior cingulate cortex, which shows highest FDOPA uptake within frontal regions and has known roles in executive function. Fifteen non-demented early-stage PD patients were pretreated with carbidopa and tolcapone, a central catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, and then underwent extended imaging with FDOPA PET. Anterior cingulate eDVR was compared with composite scores for language, memory, and executive function measured by neuropsychological testing, and behavior change measured using two informant-based questionnaires, the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version. Lower mean eDVR (thus higher dopamine turnover) in anterior cingulate cortex was related to lower (more impaired) behavior scores. We conclude that subtle changes in anterior cingulate dopamine metabolism may contribute to dysexecutive behaviors in Parkinson's disease.
Published: 2014

48. Between a rock and a hard place

Author: Hector Mesa, Neil Patel, Brian Bell, Steven Richmond, and Natalia Suvorava
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Hematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, business
Published: 2016

49. Genetic Association and Risk Scores in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Meta-analysis of 16,707 Subjects

Author: Robert Busch, Brian D. Hobbs, Jin Zhou, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael J. McGeachie, Megan E. Hardin, Iwona Hawrylkiewicz, Pawel Sliwinski, Jae-Joon Yim, Woo Jin Kim, Deog K. Kim, Alvar Agusti, Barry J. Make, James D. Crapo, Peter M. Calverley, Claudio F. Donner, David A. Lomas, Emiel F. Wouters, Jørgen Vestbo, Ruth Tal-Singer, Per Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, Augusto A. Litonjua, David Sparrow, Peter D. Paré, Robert D. Levy, Stephen I. Rennard, Terri H. Beaty, John Hokanson, Edwin K. Silverman, Michael H. Cho, James Crapo, Edwin Silverman, Barry Make, Elizabeth Regan, Terri Beaty, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Michael Cho, Stephanie Santorico, Dawn DeMeo, Nadia Hansel, Craig Hersh, Peter Castaldi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Emily Wan, Megan Hardin, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Margaret Parker, Marilyn Foreman, Brian Hobbs, Adel El-Bouiez, Dandi Qiao, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Ferdouse Begum, Sungho Won, Sharon Lutz, David A. Lynch, Harvey O. Coxson, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Eva van Rikxoort, Bram van Ginneken, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Teresa Gray, Alex Kluiber, Tanya Mann, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Joyce Schroeder, Edwin Van Beek, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Anna Faino, Matt Strand, Carla Wilson, John E. Hokanson, Gregory Kinney, Kendra Young, Katherine Pratte, Lindsey Duca, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Venkata Bandi, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Arun Nachiappan, Francine Jacobson, R. Graham Barr, Byron Thomashow, John Austin, Belinda D'Souza, Gregory D. N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Neil MacIntyre, Lacey Washington, H. Page McAdams, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Janos Porszasz, Hans Fischer, Matthew Budoff, Harry Rossiter, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Gloria Westney, Eugene Berkowitz, Russell Bowler, David Lynch, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, J. Michael Wells, Surya Bhatt, Hrudaya Nath, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, MeiLan Han, Ella Kazerooni, Carlos Martinez, Joanne Billings, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Carl Fuhrman, Jessica Bon, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, Jaume Sauleda, Peter M. A. Calverley, Stephen Rennard, Y. Ivanov, K. Kostov, J. Bourbeau, M. Fitzgerald, P. Hernandez, K. Killian, R. Levy, F. Maltais, D. O'Donnell, J. Krepelka, J. Vestbo, E. Wouters, D. Quinn, P. Bakke, M. Kosnik, A. Agusti, J. Sauleda, Y. Feschenko, V. Gavrisyuk, L. Yashina, N. Monogarova, P. Calverley, D. Lomas, W. MacNee, D. Singh, J. Wedzicha, A. Anzueto, S. Braman, R. Casaburi, B. Celli, G. Giessel, M. Gotfried, G. Greenwald, N. Hanania, D. Mahler, B. Make, S. Rennard, C. Rochester, P. Scanlon, D. Schuller, F. Sciurba, A. Sharafkhaneh, T. Siler, E. Silverman, A. Wanner, R. Wise, R. ZuWallack, H. Coxson, C. Crim, L. Edwards, R. Tal Singer, J. Yates, B. Miller, R. Tal-Singer, J. Benditt, G. Criner, M. DeCamp, P. Diaz, M. Ginsburg, L. Kaiser, M. Katz, M. Krasna, N. MacIntyre, R. McKenna, F. Martinez, Z. Mosenifar, J. Reilly, A. Ries, J. Utz, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Pulmonologie, MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3), and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Chronic inflammatory disease and wasting
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Clinical Biochemistry, EMPHYSEMA, SUSCEPTIBILITY, AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk Factors, Medicine, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Genetic epidemiology, Original Research, COPD, COMPLEX DISEASE, RECLASSIFICATION, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Middle Aged, Genetic risk score, Respiratory Function Tests, LUNG-FUNCTION, Genetic risk factors, alpha-1 antitrypsin, Meta-analysis, Female, SMOKING, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic epidemiology, Pulmonary disease, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, genetic risk score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Genetic variation, genetic risk factors, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Molecular Biology, Genotyping, Genetic association, Aged, business.industry, Cell Biology, Heritability, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Physical therapy, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: The heritability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cannot be fully explained by recognized genetic risk factors identified as achieving genome-wide significance. In addition, the combined contribution of genetic variation to COPD risk has not been fully explored. We sought to determine: (1) whether studies of variants from previous studies of COPD or lung function in a larger sample could identify additional associated variants, particularly for severe COPD; and (2) the impact of genetic risk scores on COPD. We genotyped 3,346 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2,588 cases (1,803 severe COPD) and 1,782 control subjects from four cohorts, and performed association testing with COPD, combining these results with existing genotyping data from 6,633 cases (3,497 severe COPD) and 5,704 control subjects. In addition, we developed genetic risk scores from SNPs associated with lung function and COPD and tested their discriminatory power for COPD-related measures. We identified significant associations between SNPs near PPIC (P = 1.28 X 10(-8)) and PPP4R4/SERPINA1 (P = 1.01 X 10(-8)) and severe COPD; the latter association may be driven by recognized variants in SERPINA1. Genetic risk scores based on SNPs previously associated with COPD and lung function had a modest ability to discriminate COPD (area under the curve, similar to 0.6), and accounted for a mean 0.9-1.9% lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted for each additional risk allele. In a large genetic association analysis, we identified associations with severe COPD near PPIC and SERPINA1. A risk score based on combining genetic variants had modest, but significant, effects on risk of COPD and lung function.
Published: 2017

50. Rocket Fuel: Measuring the Effectiveness of Online Advertising

Author: Zsolt Katona and Brian Bell
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Rocket propellant, business, Online advertising, Automotive engineering
Published: 2017

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