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24 results on '"Brettle, J."'

1. A study of stress corrosion in alloys of orthopaedic interest

Author

Brettle, J.

Subjects
669
Abstract

A number of failed surgical implants have been examined and a brittle type of fracture shown to be a major cause of failure. It was not possible to establish unequivocallythe mechanism of fracture from these examinations but the evidence suggested the importance of mechano-chemical effects. Static stress corrosion tests on both smooth and notched specimens of currently used and potentially useful implant materials were performed. The materials tested being iron, cobalt and titanium based alloys. Tests were run for long periods (up to 10,000 hrs) and elevated temperature used as an accelerant. These tests showed that stress corrosion was not a major cause of failure in present implant devices. The problem of predicting the likelihood of SCO failure in very long term implantation eg up to 50 years for a hip joint has been investigated using a dynamic strain test. In this test specimens were strained at a constant rate in 0. 17M NaCl solution; the potential of the specimen was controlled and the corrosion current flowing during the test monitored. Stress corrosion susceptibility was revealed by a reduction in mechanical properties in the stress corrosion environment compared with those in air. Data obtained on 316S16 stainless steel have been interpreted in terms of a slip-step dissolution model. Extrapolation of susceptibility to long exposure times has been made on a semiquantitative basis. The theory predicts that 316S16 should be free from SCC in implant conditions for the periods of use envisaged. Slight susceptibility has been observed in cobalt based alloys which was dependent on the pre-existence of a stress concentrator eg a notch root. A model for cracking based on grain boundary attack has been developed for Co-Cr-Mo and metallurgical treatments to minimise cracking suggested. The effect of strain rate, environment, alloy structure and alloy hydrogen content on susceptibility of titanium alloys to SCC was investigated and a mechanism based on slip step dissolution and titanium halide hydrolysis postulated. The development of a critical crack tip deformation rate has been shown to be the most important mechanical parameter. Alloy structure, environment composition and alloy hydrogen content are also significant, the effect of hydrogen being via its influence on the stability of the oxide film rather than any bulk metallurgical effect. Using the model, heat treatment conditions which may induce susceptibility have been predicted for the commercially important alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The deleterious effect of these conditions has been shown experimentally and recommendations made for their avoidance during implant manufacture.

Published
1974

5. The Science Case for 4GLS

Author

Allan, R.J., Allen, M.P., Alexandrov, A.S., Ashfold, M.N.R., Atkinson, R., Avaldi, L., Bain, C.D., Bancroft, J., Barrett, S.D., Barron, L.D., Bayliss, S., Becker, U., Benning, L.G., Berrah, N., Binns, C., Bisby, R.H., Bizau, J.M., Blake, R.J., Bowler, M.A., Bowyer, J., Brettle, J., Briggs, D., Brown, L.M., Brown, W.A., Burke, P.G., Cacho, C., Carter, R., Catlow, R., Cernik, R.J., Chesters, M., Clark, S.A., Clarke, D.T., Clarke, J.A., Codling, K., Cogdell, R., Connaughton, D., Connerade, J.P., Costello, J.T., Crapper, M.D., Creaser, C., Currell, F.J., Davies, P.B., de Jong, M., Dessent, C., Dhanak, V.R., Dobson, D.M., Dobson, P.J., Doig, A.J., Donovan, R.J., Dumas, P., Dunn, K., Dutuit, O., Dyke, J.M., Eastham, D.A., Egdell, R.G., Eland, J.H.D., Emerson, D.R., Eriksson, M., Erman, P., Evans, A., Evans, H., Evans, S., Field, T., Fielding, H., Fisher, A., Flavell, W.R., Ford, R., Frasinski, L.J., Freeman, N., Galayda, J.N., Gardner, P., Garside, J., Gay, N.J., Gejo, T., George, M., Gray, M.D., Greenshaw, T.J., Greig, D., Halsall, M.P., Hamilton, B., Harrison, N.M., Hasnain, S.S., Hatherly, P.A., Heathcote, P., Helliwell, J.R., Henderson, C.M.B, Hepburn, J., Hill, J., Hirst, G., Hirst, J.D., Holland, D.M.P., Horn, A.B., Horton, P., Hunt, M.R.C., Hutchinson, H., Inglesfield, J.E., Ivanov, V.K., Johnson, C.A.F., Johnson, L.N., Jones, D., Jones, F.H., Jones, G.R., Jones, L., Kadodwala, M., Karlsson, L., Kennedy, E.T., King, G.C., King, M.R.F., Kirkman, I.W., Kleese, K., Knight, P.L., Kylstra, N., Larkins, F.P., Latimer, C., Lawley, K.P., Leggett, G.J., Lewis, R.A., Lindsey, K., Lu, J.R., Lyng, F.M., Macdonald, M.A., Malins, A., Marangos, J.P., Margaritondo, G., Marsi, M., Marston, G., Martin, S.R., Martin-Fernandez, M.L., Mason, N.J., Matthew, J.A.D., McCoustra, M.R.S., McGilp, J., McGovern, I.T., McGrath, R., Meldrum, R.A., Meyer, M., Millar, T.J., Mitchell, D., Møller, S.P., Molster, F.J., Moriarty, P., Morin, P., Munro, I.H., Murdin, B.N., Nahon, L., Newell, W.R., Noble, C.J., Nordgren, E.J., Norman, P.R., O'Brien, P., O'Neill, P., O'Shea, P., Owen, H., Pain, R., Papiz, M., Parker, A., Parker, J., Parr, A., Pattrick, R., Pemble, M.E., Picardo, M., Pidgeon, C.R., Pinheiro, T.J.T., Poliakoff, E.D., Poole, M.W., Potts, A., Potvliege, R., Powis, I., Price, S.D., Quinn, F.M., Radford, S., Rachlew-Källne, E., Raval, R., Read, F.H., Reddish, T.J., Ridley, P.A., Roberts, G., Russell, A.E., Ryan, A.J., Sapelkin, A., Sato, S., Schneider, A., Seddon, E.A., Shaw, E.A., Shen, T., Sherwood, P., Šiller, L., Smith, A.D., Smith, D.A., Smith, I., Smith, S.L., Snowdon, K., Softley, T.P., Sokell, E., Southworth, S.H., Srivistava, G.P., Stankiewicz, M., Sule-Suso, J., Sutherland, J.C., Surman, M., Svensson, S., Taylor, A.O., Temmerman, W.M., Thomas, A., Tiddy, G.J., Tobin, M., Towns-Andrews, Elizabeth, Towrie, M., Truscott, G., Tuckett, R.P., Turner, Tracy, Twigg, M.V., Vagdama, P., van der Hart, H.W., Volk, M., Vrakkring, M.J.J., Walker, I.C., Wander, A., Wasserman, S.P., Watanabe, M., Weightman, P., Welton, T., West, J.B., Wharton, C.W., Whitehead, J.C., Williams, G.P., Winick, H., Withnall, R., Woodruff, D.P., and Zayats, A.

Subjects
Q1
Published
2001

22. Failure Mechanisms in Solid Electrolytic Capacitors

Author

Brettle, J. and F. Jackson, N.

Abstract

The failure mechanism of solid tantalum and aluminium capacitors have been investigated using a combination of electrical measurements and electron microscopy. The capacitor dielectric was examined before and after life testing and changes correlated with electrical measurements.

Published
1976
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23. Genome project: the rich will inherit the earth.

Author

Brettle JP

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Humans, United Kingdom, United States, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Human Genome Project, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence
Published
2000

24. [The "Eilbek capillary"--a new immune hematologic technic].

Author

Fischer K, Brettle J, and Poschmann A

Subjects
ABO Blood-Group System immunology, Centrifugation methods, Coombs Test methods, Erythroblastosis, Fetal blood, Erythroblastosis, Fetal diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Blood Grouping and Crossmatching methods, Chromatography, Gel methods, Erythrocytes immunology, Hematocrit, Isoantibodies analysis
Abstract

Studying RBC sedimentation in hematocrit capillaries filled with a variety of separation media (Sephacryl S-300, Ultrogel AcA22 and others) and spinned down for a short time we found some striking advantages in comparison to standard hemagglutination techniques. The scope of diagnostic procedures may be improved and broadened as far as anemias caused by autoantibodies and infections as well as hemolytic disease of the newborn--especially AB0-erythroblastosis--and pretransfusion testing are concerned.

Published
1990

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