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OBJECTIVES The prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) is considered to be nearly 50% on the world level, with older populations being more severely affected. NCCLs can cause both esthetical and functional problems. Universal adhesives are the latest generation of adhesive systems which, according to the manufacturers’ instruc­tions, can be used in various adhesive strategies: Etch-and-rinse (EAR), self-etch (SE) and selective-enamel-etch (SEE). The purpose of this paper was to answer the following PICOS question: “Is the risk of retention loss and post-operative sensitivity (POS) equal for EAR and SE appro­ach when restoring NCCLs with universal adhesives and composite restorations?”. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed with no lan­guage and date restriction throu­gh PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan; fixed-effects models were applied, and heterogeneity was tested using the I2 index. The significan­ce level was set at p

OBJECTIVES There are several parameters that influence the degree of conversion of dual cement, such as: the type of light source used for the polymerization, the intensity of the light source, the thickness of the restoration and the translucency of the material used for the restoration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of translucency of ceramic material on the degree of conversion of a dual- cure resin cement used to lute endocrowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS A freshly extracted first maxillary molar, without any dental caries, was used and prepared to receive an endocrown, according to Bindl and Mörmann criteria. The cavity preparation was acquired by an intraoral scanner (Cerec Omnicam, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina) with the aim of executing the entire workflow digitally, from the design to the milling of endocrowns. In this way, 12 endocrowns, with 4.5 mm thickness, were produced by a milling machine (Cerec MCXL Wounder, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina). The tested material was zirconia- reinforced lithium silicate with a high translucency (HT, n = 6) (Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina) and with a low translucency (LT, n = 6) (Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina). After applying an insulator (Separating Fluid, Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein) to the tooth, the dual cement (Calibra Dual Resin Cement, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina) was applied to the endocrown. The endocrowns were placed on the tooth one by one and cured for 60 s using a LED light-curing unit (Valo, Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah) with a light intensity of 1000 mW/cm2. The excesses of dual cement were removed by using a probe. Additionally, six samples of dual cement, sized 5.0×7.0 mm, were prepared with a thickness of 1.0 mm, serving as control group (Control) and polymerized for 60 s through a Mylar strip. The microhardness (Vickers) of the dual cement was evaluated at the bottom of the luted endocrowns and the controls. The results were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s test (p 0,05). CONCLUSIONS The microhardness of the dual cement is strongly dependent on both the translucency of the material with which endocrowns are produced. A low translucency leads to a significantly lower degree of conversion, which cannot guarantee a long-lasting restoration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dual cements have been designed to ensure an optimal degree of conversion, regardless of the presence or absence of a light source and its intensity. This does not apply in the case of their use for endocrown luting procedures. In fact, the degree of conversion of dual cement depends not only on the type of light source and its intensity, but also and above all on the translucency of the restoration. Different levels of translucency affect the microhardness of the luting resin cement, potentially affecting its adhesive strength and, ultimately, the longevity of the chosen prosthodontic treatment.

Following the publication in 2005 of the ‘Profiles and Competences of a European Dentist’ by the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE), curricula have been developed and published for undergraduate dental studies in several disciplines. To date, no attempt has been made to develop a curriculum in the field of Conservative Dentistry (Operative/Restorative Dentistry) based on updated ADEE recommendations. A European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) Curriculum Workshop, which adopted the ADEE learning outcomes-based approach ,was held in July 2018 for the purpose of developing expert consensus from across Europe and beyond on a curriculum for Integrated Conservative Oral Healthcare. The proposed curriculum is considered to underpin general oral healthcare provision, and to complement curricula in associated subject areas (e.g. cariology) and other closely related dental disciplines (e.g. endodontology and periodontology). This concept, referred to as ‘ConsCare’ for convenience, is about teaching undergraduate dental students to counsel and manage patients to achieve and maintain optimal oral health throughout life. The expert group of authors developed a curriculum to prepare new graduates to deliver integrated conservative oral healthcare, and thereby make a major, fit-for-future purpose contribution to life-long oral health. Dental schools across Europe and elsewhere in the world are encouraged to adopt the proposed curriculum and give ConsCare a central position in the teaching of general oral healthcare provision to undergraduate dental students.

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OBJECTIVE: This article describes the esthetic results in a paradigmatic case of hypomineralized enamel correction on both anterior and posterior teeth to establish a minimal intervention protocol for similar cases. Clinical considerations: The subject was initially provided with casein-calcium-phosphate mineral supplementation. Unpublished laboratory images collected as part of a previously published study depict the results of initial calcium-phosphate supplementation on molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) molar enamel morphology and indicate that this procedure is mandatory in moderate/severe cases. Prior to defect restoration, in-office bleaching of the anterior segment was conducted with bioactivated Opalescence Boost. Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative was used as a masking agent, and Filtek A2 enamel was applied as the final layer. CONCLUSION: An 8-year follow-up period is necessary in most moderate/severe MIH cases involving orthodontics and bleaching.

Purpose: To evaluate the immediate and aged bond strength and interfacial nanolaekage of different adhesives and protocols on dental elements prepared with diamond burs and Er:YAG laser. Materials and Methods: Forty molar crowns were flattened and a standardized smear layer was created. Teeth were divided into two main groups according to the dentin cutting technique: 1. Er:YAG laser for 30 s at 30 Hz repetition rate, 250 mJ energy per pulse, and water spray irrigation set at level 8; and 2. diamond bur. Each group was then divided into subgroups according to the adhesive protocol: SG1: dentin etching for 15 s followed by universal adhesive application (All Bond Universal, Bisco); SG2: universal adhesive application (All Bond Universal); SG3: two-step self-etch adhesive application (Clearfil SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake); SG4: etching followed by 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive application (Optibond FL, Kerr). After curing the adhesives, resin composite buildups of 4 mm were made and specimens were sectioned to obtain 1-mm-thick sticks in accordance with the μTBS test technique. Sticks were stressed to failure at baseline and after 6 months of storage in artificial saliva. Three teeth per group were prepared for nanoleakage interfacial analyses. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: A significant difference in bond strengths was found for treatment, aging, and adhesive protocol. Nanoleak age analysis showed higher marginal infiltration in Er:YAG-treated groups both at baseline and after aging. Conclusions: Surfaces prepared with diamond burs presented higher bond strengths than did those prepared with Er:YAG laser. Adhesive protocols and aging could influence the adhesive-dentin interface. Further studies are necessary to validate the results obtained.