Search

Your search keyword '"Brennan, Alan"' showing total 908 results
Start Over Author "Brennan, Alan"
908 results on '"Brennan, Alan"'

1. The PHEM-B toolbox of methods for incorporating the influences on Behaviour into Public Health Economic Models

Author

Squires, Hazel, Kelly, Michael P., Gilbert, Nigel, Sniehotta, Falko, Purshouse, Robin C., Garcia, Leandro, Breeze, Penny, Brennan, Alan, Gardner, Benjamin, Bright, Sophie, Fischer, Alastair, Heppenstall, Alison, Wetton, Joanna Davan, Hernandez-Alava, Monica, Boyd, Jennifer, Buckley, Charlotte, Vlaev, Ivo, Smith, Robert, Abbas, Ali, Gibb, Roger, Henney, Madeleine, Moore, Esther, and Chater, Angel M.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Uptake of self-management education programmes for people with type 2 diabetes in primary care through the embedding package: a cluster randomised control trial and ethnographic study

Author

Davies, Melanie J, Bodicoat, Danielle H, Brennan, Alan, Dixon, Simon, Eborall, Helen, Glab, Agnieszka, Gray, Laura J, Hadjiconstantinou, Michelle, Huddlestone, Lisa, Hudson, Nicky, Keetharuth, Anju, Khunti, Kamlesh, Martin, Graham, Northern, Alison, Pritchard, Rebecca, Schreder, Sally, Speight, Jane, Sturt, Jackie, and Turner, Jessica

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Computing the Expected Value of Sample Information Efficiently: Expertise and Skills Required for Four Model-Based Methods

Author

Kunst, Natalia R., Wilson, Edward, Alarid-Escudero, Fernando, Baio, Gianluca, Brennan, Alan, Fairley, Michael, Glynn, David, Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D., Jackson, Chris, Jalal, Hawre, Menzies, Nicolas A., Strong, Mark, Thom, Howard, and Heath, Anna

Subjects
Statistics - Other Statistics, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Objectives: Value of information (VOI) analyses can help policy-makers make informed decisions about whether to conduct and how to design future studies. Historically, a computationally expensive method to compute the Expected Value of Sample Information (EVSI) restricted the use of VOI to simple decision models and study designs. Recently, four EVSI approximation methods have made such analyses more feasible and accessible. We provide practical recommendations for analysts computing EVSI by evaluating these novel methods. Methods: Members of the Collaborative Network for Value of Information (ConVOI) compared the inputs, analyst's expertise and skills, and software required for four recently developed approximation methods. Information was also collected on the strengths and limitations of each approximation method. Results: All four EVSI methods require a decision-analytic model's probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) output. One of the methods also requires the model to be re-run to obtain new PSA outputs for each EVSI estimation. To compute EVSI, analysts must be familiar with at least one of the following skills: advanced regression modeling, likelihood specification, and Bayesian modeling. All methods have different strengths and limitations, e.g., some methods handle evaluation of study designs with more outcomes more efficiently while others quantify uncertainty in EVSI estimates. All methods are programmed in the statistical language R and two of the methods provide online applications. Conclusion: Our paper helps to inform the choice between four efficient EVSI estimation methods, enabling analysts to assess the methods' strengths and limitations and select the most appropriate EVSI method given their situation and skills.

Published
2019

10. Erratum. Identifying Preferred Features of Weight Loss Programs for Adults With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Discrete Choice Experiment With 3,960 Adults in the U.K.. Diabetes Care 2024;47:739–746

Author

Buckell, John, primary, Mitchell, Caroline A., additional, Fryer, Kate, additional, Newbert, Carolyn, additional, Brennan, Alan, additional, Joyce, Jack, additional, Jebb, Susan A., additional, Aveyard, Paul, additional, Guess, Nicola, additional, and Morris, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of referral to a commercial open group behavioural weight management programme in adults with overweight and obesity: 5-year follow-up of the WRAP randomised controlled trial

Author

Ahern, Amy L, Breeze, Penny, Fusco, Francesco, Sharp, Stephen J, Islam, Nazrul, Wheeler, Graham M, Hill, Andrew J, Hughes, Carly A, Duschinsky, Robbie, Thomas, Chloe, Bates, Sarah, Woolston, Jenny, Stubbings, Marie, Whittle, Fiona, Boothby, Clare, Bostock, Jennifer, Jebb, Susan, Aveyard, Paul, Boyland, Emma, Halford, Jason C G, Morris, Stephen, Brennan, Alan, and Griffin, Simon J

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Expanding our understanding of long‐term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England (2001–19) using two age–period–cohort approaches.

Author

Opazo Breton, Magdalena, Henney, Madeleine, Kersbergen, Inge, Brennan, Alan, and Holmes, John

Subjects
STATISTICAL models, CROSS-sectional method, RESEARCH funding, SMOKING, TEMPERANCE, AGE distribution, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INTERNET, SURVEYS, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, ALCOHOL drinking, CONFIDENCE intervals, PUBLIC health, OBESITY
Abstract

Background and aims: Alcohol consumption has decreased in England in recent decades, while alcohol‐specific death rates have remained relatively stable. Age–period–cohort (APC) models offer the potential for understanding these paradoxical trends. This study aimed to use an APC model approach to measure long‐term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England from 2001 to 2019. Design, setting and participants: The study used grouped and proxy‐variable APC models of repeat cross‐sectional survey data, set in England (2001–19). Participants were residents in England aged 13 years or over who took part in the Health Survey for England. Measurements: Outcome variables were alcohol abstention and consumption in units. We created nine age groups (13–15, 16–17, 18–24, 25–34, until 65–74 and 75+, reference 45–54 years), four periods (2001–04, 2005–09, 2010–14 to 2015–19, reference 2005–09) and 18 5‐year birth cohorts (1915–19 to 2000–04, reference 1960–64). We proxied age effects (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), period effects (alcohol affordability, internet usage and household alcohol expenditure) and birth cohort effects (prevalence of smoking and prevalence of overweight). Findings The odds of abstaining were considerably larger at young ages, 13–15 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.50–6.43], were lowest during the first period, 2001–04 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.79–0.86) and had a U‐shaped pattern by birth cohort. For units of alcohol, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) increased until age 18–24 years (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34–1.48) and decreased afterwards, were highest during the first period, 2001–04 (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.05–1.08) and showed an inverted J‐shape by birth cohort. Our proxy variable approach revealed that using blood pressure measures, alcohol affordability and prevalence of overweight as proxies resulted in APC effects that differed from our base‐case model. However, internet usage, household expenditure on alcohol and smoking prevalence resulted in APC effects similar to our base‐case model. Conclusions: The discrepancy between decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing alcohol‐related deaths observed in England from 2001 to 2019 may, in part, be explained by the halt in abstention trends since 2010 and a slight consumption decline since 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Using Multi-objective Grammar-Based Genetic Programming to Integrate Multiple Social Theories in Agent-Based Modeling

Author

Vu, Tuong Manh, Davies, Eli, Buckley, Charlotte, Brennan, Alan, Purshouse, Robin C., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Ishibuchi, Hisao, editor, Zhang, Qingfu, editor, Cheng, Ran, editor, Li, Ke, editor, Li, Hui, editor, Wang, Handing, editor, and Zhou, Aimin, editor

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. The Normative Underpinnings of Population-Level Alcohol Use: An Individual-Level Simulation Model

Author

Probst, Charlotte, Vu, Tuong Manh, Epstein, Joshua M., Nielsen, Alexandra E., Buckley, Charlotte, Brennan, Alan, Rehm, Jürgen, and Purshouse, Robin C.

Abstract

Background: By defining what is "normal," appropriate, expected, and unacceptable, social norms shape human behavior. However, the individual-level mechanisms through which social norms impact population-level trends in health-relevant behaviors are not well understood. Aims: To test the ability of social norms mechanisms to predict changes in population-level drinking patterns. Method: An individual-level model was developed to simulate dynamic normative mechanisms and behavioral rules underlying drinking behavior over time. The model encompassed descriptive and injunctive drinking norms and their impact on frequency and quantity of alcohol use. A microsynthesis initialized in 1979 was used as a demographically representative synthetic U.S. population. Three experiments were performed in order to test the modelled normative mechanisms. Results: Overall, the experiments showed limited influence of normative interventions on population-level alcohol use. An increase in the desire to drink led to the most meaningful changes in the population's drinking behavior. The findings of the experiments underline the importance of autonomy, that is, the degree to which an individual is susceptible to normative influence. Conclusion: The model was able to predict theoretically plausible changes in drinking patterns at the population level through the impact of social mechanisms. Future applications of the model could be used to plan norms interventions pertaining to alcohol use as well as other health behaviors.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Cost-effectiveness analysis of two interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: an economic evaluation of the 48-month PROPELS randomized controlled trial

Author

Heathcote, Laura Ellen, primary, Pollard, Daniel J, additional, Brennan, Alan, additional, Davies, Melanie J, additional, Eborall, Helen, additional, Edwardson, Charlotte L, additional, Gillett, Michael, additional, Gray, Laura J, additional, Griffin, Simon J, additional, Hardeman, Wendy, additional, Henson, Joseph, additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, Sharp, Stephen, additional, Sutton, Stephen, additional, and Yates, Thomas, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Estimating quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for local authorities in Great Britain and its association with indicators of the inclusive economy: a cross-sectional study

Author

Höhn, Andreas, primary, Lomax, Nik, additional, Rice, Hugh, additional, Angus, Colin, additional, Brennan, Alan, additional, Brown, Denise, additional, Cunningham, Anne, additional, Elsenbroich, Corinna, additional, Hughes, Ceri, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, McCartney, Gerry, additional, Seaman, Rosie, additional, Tsuchia, Aki, additional, and Meier, Petra, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Cost-Effectiveness Modeling of Surgery Plus Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Versus Primary Endocrine Therapy Alone in UK Women Aged 70 and Over With Early Breast Cancer

Author

Burton, Maria, Lifford, Kate, Edwards, Adrian, Walters, Stephen, Ring, Alistair, Robinson, Thompson, Martin, Charlene, Chater, Tim, Pemberton, Kirsty, Cheung, Kwok Leung, Todd, Annaliza, Brain, Kate, Audisio, Riccardo A., Wright, Juliette, Simcock, Richard, Thomson, Alistair, Gosney, Margot, Hatton, Matthew, Green, Tracy, Revill, Deirdre, Gath, Jacqui, Holmes, Geoffrey R., Ward, Sue E., Brennan, Alan, Bradburn, Michael, Morgan, Jenna L., Reed, Malcolm W.R., Richards, Paul, Rafia, Rachid, and Wyld, Lynda

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Evaluating the Ability of Economic Models of Diabetes to Simulate New Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials: A Report on the Ninth Mount Hood Diabetes Challenge

Author

Si, Lei, Willis, Michael S., Asseburg, Christian, Nilsson, Andreas, Tew, Michelle, Clarke, Philip M., Lamotte, Mark, Ramos, Mafalda, Shao, Hui, Shi, Lizheng, Zhang, Ping, McEwan, Phil, Ye, Wen, Herman, William H., Kuo, Shihchen, Isaman, Deanna J., Schramm, Wendelin, Sailer, Fabian, Brennan, Alan, Pollard, Daniel, Smolen, Harry J., Leal, José, Gray, Alastair, Patel, Rishi, Feenstra, Talitha, and Palmer, Andrew J.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance-based guided self-help programme for weight loss maintenance

Author

Mueller, Julia, primary, Jones, Rebecca A., additional, Richards, Rebecca, additional, Woolston, Jennifer, additional, Whittle, Fiona, additional, Hill, Andrew J., additional, Hughes, Carly A., additional, Duschinsky, Robbie, additional, Sharp, Stephen J., additional, Boothby, Clare, additional, Bostock, Jennifer, additional, Breeze, Penny, additional, Brennan, Alan, additional, Fusco, Francesco, additional, Lawlor, Emma, additional, Morris, Stephen, additional, Griffin, Simon J., additional, and Ahern, Amy L., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Computer Modeling of Diabetes and Its Transparency: A Report on the Eighth Mount Hood Challenge

Author

Palmer, Andrew J., Si, Lei, Tew, Michelle, Hua, Xinyang, Willis, Michael S., Asseburg, Christian, McEwan, Phil, Leal, José, Gray, Alastair, Foos, Volker, Lamotte, Mark, Feenstra, Talitha, O’Connor, Patrick J., Brandle, Michael, Smolen, Harry J., Gahn, James C., Valentine, William J., Pollock, Richard F., Breeze, Penny, Brennan, Alan, Pollard, Daniel, Ye, Wen, Herman, William H., Isaman, Deanna J., Kuo, Shihchen, Laiteerapong, Neda, Tran-Duy, An, and Clarke, Philip M.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Efficient Computation of Value of Information

Author

Brennan, Alan

Subjects
610.21
Abstract

This thesis is concerned with computation of expected value of information (EVI). The topic is important because EVI methodology is a rational, coherent framework for prioritising and planning the design of biomedical and clinical research studies that represent an enormous expenditure world-wide. At the start of my research few studies existed. During the course of the PhD, my own work and that of other colleagues has been published and the uptake of the developing methods is increasing. The thesis contains a review of early literature as well as of the the emerging studies over the 5 years since my first work was done in 2002 (Chapter 2). Methods to compute partial expected value of perfect information are developed and tested in illustrative cost-utility decision models with non-linear net benefit functions and correlated parameters. Evaluation using nested Monte Carlo simulations is investigated and the number of inner and outer simulations required is explored (Chapter 3). The computation of expected value of sample information using nested Monte Carlo simulations combined with Bayesian updating of model parameters with conjugate distributions given simulated data is examined (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5, the development of a novel Bayesian approximation for posterior expectations is given and this is applied and tested in the computation of EVSI for an illustrative model again with normally distributed parameters. The application is further extended to a non-conjugate proportional hazards Weibull distribution, a common circumstance for clinical trial concerned with survival or time to event data (Chapter 6). The application of the Bayesian approximation in the Weibull model is then tested against 4 other methods for estimating the Bayesian up- dated Weibull parameters including the computationally intensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach which could be considered the gold standard (Chapter 7). The result of the methodological developments in this thesis and the testing on case studies is that some new approaches to computing EVI are now a;vailable. In many models this will improve the efficiency of computation, making possible EVI calculations in some previously infeasible circumstances. In Chapter 8, I summarise the achievements made in this work, how they relate to that of other scholars and the research agenda which still faces us. I conclude with the firm hope that EVI methods will begin to provide decision makers with clearer support when deciding on investments in further research.

Published
2007

47. Estimation of integrated price elasticities for alcohol and tobacco in the United Kingdom using the living costs and food survey 2006–2017.

Author

Pryce, Robert, Wilson, Luke B., Gillespie, Duncan, Angus, Colin, Morris, Damon, and Brennan, Alan

Subjects
COST of living, ELASTICITY (Economics), TOBACCO products, PRICES, TOBACCO
Abstract

Introduction: Evidence shows that price is an important policy lever in reducing consumption of alcohol and tobacco. However, there is little evidence of the cross‐price effect between alcohol and tobacco. Methods: This paper uses an econometric model which estimates participation and consumption elasticities, on data from the UK Living Costs and Food Survey 2006–2017 and extends the literature by, for the first time, estimating joint price elasticities for disaggregated alcohol and tobacco products. This paper presents new price elasticities and compares them to the existing literature. Results: The own‐price elasticity estimates are all negative for both participation and consumption. There is no pattern to the estimates of cross‐price elasticities. The elasticity estimates, when used in the Sheffield Tobacco and Alcohol Policy Model, produce bigger changes in consumption for the same change in price compared to other elasticity estimates in the existing literature. Discussion and Conclusions: Consumption of alcohol and tobacco are affected by the prices of one another. Policymakers should bear this in mind when devising alcohol or tobacco pricing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Guidance on the use of complex systems models for economic evaluations of public health interventions

Author

Breeze, Penny R., primary, Squires, Hazel, additional, Ennis, Kate, additional, Meier, Petra, additional, Hayes, Kate, additional, Lomax, Nik, additional, Shiell, Alan, additional, Kee, Frank, additional, de Vocht, Frank, additional, O’Flaherty, Martin, additional, Gilbert, Nigel, additional, Purshouse, Robin, additional, Robinson, Stewart, additional, Dodd, Peter J, additional, Strong, Mark, additional, Paisley, Suzy, additional, Smith, Richard, additional, Briggs, Andrew, additional, Shahab, Lion, additional, Occhipinti, Jo‐An, additional, Lawson, Kenny, additional, Bayley, Thomas, additional, Smith, Robert, additional, Boyd, Jennifer, additional, Kadirkamanathan, Visakan, additional, Cookson, Richard, additional, Hernandez‐Alava, Monica, additional, Jackson, Christopher H., additional, Karapici, Amanda, additional, Sassi, Franco, additional, Scarborough, Peter, additional, Siebert, Uwe, additional, Silverman, Eric, additional, Vale, Luke, additional, Walsh, Cathal, additional, and Brennan, Alan, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Assessing the Content Validity, Acceptability, and Feasibility of the Hypo-METRICS App:Survey and Interview Study

Author

Søholm, Uffe, Zaremba, Natalie, Broadley, Melanie, Axelsen, Johanne Lundager, Divilly, Patrick, Martine-Edith, Gilberte, Amiel, Stephanie A., Mader, Julia K., Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik, McCrimmon, Rory J., Renard, Eric, Evans, Mark, de Galan, Bastiaan, Heller, Simon, Hendrieckx, Christel, Choudhary, Pratik, Speight, Jane, Pouwer, Frans, Tack, Cees, Pieber, Thomas, Thorens, Bernard, Brennan, Alan, Haardt, Jakob, Ibberson, Mark, Sparacino, Giovanni, Colhoun, Helen, Gough, Stephen, Milicevic, Zvonko, Kazemi, Mahmood, Cohen, Ohad, Dutta, Sanjoy, Robert, Dominique, Wolf, Wendy, Sullivan, Sean, Søholm, Uffe, Zaremba, Natalie, Broadley, Melanie, Axelsen, Johanne Lundager, Divilly, Patrick, Martine-Edith, Gilberte, Amiel, Stephanie A., Mader, Julia K., Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik, McCrimmon, Rory J., Renard, Eric, Evans, Mark, de Galan, Bastiaan, Heller, Simon, Hendrieckx, Christel, Choudhary, Pratik, Speight, Jane, Pouwer, Frans, Tack, Cees, Pieber, Thomas, Thorens, Bernard, Brennan, Alan, Haardt, Jakob, Ibberson, Mark, Sparacino, Giovanni, Colhoun, Helen, Gough, Stephen, Milicevic, Zvonko, Kazemi, Mahmood, Cohen, Ohad, Dutta, Sanjoy, Robert, Dominique, Wolf, Wendy, and Sullivan, Sean

Abstract

Background: The Hypoglycaemia - MEasurement, ThResholds and ImpaCtS (Hypo-METRICS) smartphone app was developed to investigate the impact of hypoglycemia on daily functioning in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. The app uses ecological momentary assessments, thereby minimizing recall bias and maximizing ecological validity. It was used in the Hypo-METRICS study, a European multicenter observational study wherein participants wore a blinded continuous glucose monitoring device and completed the app assessments 3 times daily for 70 days. Objective: The 3 aims of the study were to explore the content validity of the app, the acceptability and feasibility of using the app for the duration of the Hypo-METRICS study, and suggestions for future versions of the app. Methods: Participants who had completed the 70-day Hypo-METRICS study in the United Kingdom were invited to participate in a brief web-based survey and an interview (approximately 1h) to explore their experiences with the app during the Hypo-METRICS study. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted using both deductive and inductive methods. Results: A total of 18 adults with diabetes (type 1 diabetes: n=10, 56%; 5/10, 50% female; mean age 47, SD 16 years; type 2 diabetes: n=8, 44%; 2/8, 25% female; mean age 61, SD 9 years) filled out the survey and were interviewed. In exploring content validity, participants overall described the Hypo-METRICS app as relevant, understandable, and comprehensive. In total, 3 themes were derived: hypoglycemia symptoms and experiences are idiosyncratic; it was easy to select ratings on the app, but day-to-day changes were perceived as minimal; and instructions could be improved. Participants offered suggestions for changes or additional questions and functions that could increase engagement and improve content (such as providing more examples with the questions). In exploring acceptability and feasibility, 5 themes wer

Published
2023

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results