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C60 is a widely used electron selective material for p–i–n perovskite cells, however, its energy level does not match well with that of a wide‐bandgap perovskite, resulting in low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). To overcome this issue, ultra‐thin LiF has been widely used as an interlayer between C60 and perovskite layers facilitating efficient electron extraction but resulting in instability. In this work, the use of a piperidinium bromide (PpBr) is reported as an interlayer between C60 and perovskite, and the interlayer further is optimized by introducing an additional oxygen atom on the opposite side of the NH2+. This results in morpholinium bromide (MLBr) with increased dipole moment. Because of this, MLBr is highly effective in minimizing the energy band mismatch between perovskite and C60 layer for electron extraction while at the same time passivating defects. The champion single junction 1.67 eV MLBr solar cell produced a PCE of 21.9% and the champion monolithic MLBr perovskite‐Si tandem cell produced a PCE of 28.8%. Most importantly, both encapsulated MLBr and PpBr devices retain over 97% of their initial efficiency after 400 thermal cycles (between −40 and 85 °C), twice the number of cycles specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61215 photovoltaic module standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of strongly confined coherent acoustic phonons inside high quality factor phononic cavities that exhibit tailored phonon potentials is provided. Using GaAs/AlAs quasiperiodic superlattices, functional phonon potentials are realized by adiabatically changing the layer thicknesses along the growth direction. Room temperature ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy reveals discrete phonon modes with frequencies in the range of ≈96–101 GHz. Additionally, it is confirmed that phononic cavities impact the energy loss rate of the photoexcited carriers, as evidenced by time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements. These results highlight the potential of concurrently engineering optoelectronic and phononic properties for a range of novel applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Midlife, beginning at 40 years and extending to 65 years, a range that encompasses the late reproductive to late menopausal stages, is a unique time in women's lives, when hormonal and physical changes are often accompanied by psychological and social evolution. Access to sexual health and sexual well-being (SHSW) services, which include the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, contraception and the support of sexual function, pleasure and safety, is important for the health of midlife women, their relationships and community cohesion. The objective was to use the socio-ecological model to synthesise the barriers and enablers to SHSW services for midlife women in high-income countries. A systematic review of the enablers and barriers to women (including trans-gender and non-binary people) aged 40–65 years accessing SHSW services in high-income countries was undertaken. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed publications. Findings were thematically extracted and reported in a narrative synthesis. Eighty-one studies were included; a minority specifically set out to study SHSW care for midlife women. The key barriers that emerged were the intersecting disadvantage of under-served groups, poor knowledge, about SHSW, and SHSW services, among women and their healthcare professionals (HCPs), and the over-arching effect of stigma, social connections and psychological factors on access to care. Enablers included intergenerational learning, interdisciplinary and one-stop women-only services, integration of SHSW into other services, peer support programmes, representation of minoritised midlife women working in SHSW, local and free facilities and financial incentives to access services for under-served groups. Efforts are needed to enhance education about SHSW and related services among midlife women and their healthcare providers. This increased education should be leveraged to improve research, public health messaging, interventions, policy development and access to comprehensive services, especially for midlife women from underserved groups. Plain language summary: Sexual health and sexual wellbeing services for midlife women in high income countries Midlife, beginning at 40 years and extending to 65 years, a range that encompasses the late reproductive to late menopausal stages, is a unique time in women's lives. Access to Sexual Health and Sexual Wellbeing (SHSW) services, which include the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, contraception and the support of sexual function, pleasure and safety, is important for the health of midlife women, their relationships and community cohesion. The objective of this systematic review was to use the socio-ecological model to synthesise the barriers and enablers to SHSW services for midlife women in high income countries. Eighty-one studies were included; a minority specifically set out to study SHSW care for midlife women. The key barriers that emerged were the intersecting disadvantage of under-served groups, poor knowledge, about SHSW, and SHSW services, among women and their HealthCare Professionals (HCPs), and the over-arching effect of stigma, social connections, and psychological factors on access to care. Enablers included intergenerational learning, interdisciplinary and one-stop women-only services, integration of SHSW into other services, peer support programmes, representation of minoritised midlife women working in SHSW, local and free facilities, and financial incentives for under-served groups to access services. The appetite for education about SHSW and SHSW services among midlife women and their HCPs should be capitalised upon, and utilised to improve research, public health messaging, interventions and access to holistic services, particularly for midlife women from under-served groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Scabies undermines quality of life through its highly disturbing disease symptoms, by distorting self-perception, and secondary to social stigma. Knowledge of its effect on quality of life in general and on specific aspects of day-to-day life is key to addressing the health needs of individual patients and to evaluating gains from community-based disease control interventions. Objectives: To measure the effect of scabies on the quality of life of people with the infestation. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a scabies outbreak-affected district in north-western Ethiopia. The study involved 381 households and 86 adults with scabies. We used the ten-item Cardiff Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) tool to collect data. Cronbach's alpha value was used to determine the internal consistency of the Amharic version of the scale. Overall and Dermatology Life Quality (DLQ) domain specific mean scores were calculated. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and scabies-related life quality impairment was tested using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Scabies moderately affected the quality of life of adults with scabies. The overall mean DLQI (mDLQI) score was 9.2 (SD = 7.6). 'Symptoms and feelings' and 'daily activity' DLQ domains had the highest mDLQI scores (3.5, SD = 1.9 and 2.2, SD = 2.5, respectively). 'Leisure activities' was the least affected domain 0.8 (SD = 1.1). In terms of severity, scabies had moderate or severe effect on DLQ of 54.7% of the participants and extremely severe effect was reported among 27% of the participants. However, no association was observed between sociodemographic characteristics and quality of life impairment. Conclusion: Quality of life was moderately impaired among people affected by scabies. Refocusing attention on management of disease symptoms, using standard scabies treatment, and providing psychosocial support to improve self-perception of people affected with scabies may help reduce quality of life impairment. Author summary: Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the outermost layer of the skin. Disease symptoms such as papular rash (mainly involving the crevices of the body), severe generalized itch and stigma attached to the infestation are believed to impair the quality of life of scabies patients. Despite the need for data, there is limited evidence about the relationship between scabies and quality of life. This study presents novel data on quality of life impairment associated with scabies and which aspects of patients' day-to-day lives are the most affected. This study was conducted in an outbreak-affected area of north-western Ethiopia where scabies had a moderate impact on the quality of life of the affected people. Disease symptoms and their psychosocial impact contributed the most to quality of life impairment. Participants in this study came from different sociodemographic backgrounds. Nonetheless, there were no major differences in DLQI scores by background characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This was an age-stratified, retrospective, cohort study of patients between the ages of 65–69, 70–75 and ≥76 years diagnosed with high grade serous ovarian cancer of FIGO (2014) Stage 3a or higher between 01 January 2017 and April 2020. The study aimed to examine and compare patient characteristics, treatments and outcomes, including survival, of elderly patients within a single cancer centre in the south of England. Data collection began in January 2021 and concluded in March 2022. Ninety patients were eligible for the study. A correlation was observed between increasing age and worsening performance status (p = 0.044). Other variables assessed included age at diagnosis and time between decision to treatment, however, there was no evidence of correlations. The majority of patients studied received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery as their primary treatment modality, however, 53% of our eldest cohort underwent treatment types that did not involve surgery. Of those who did undergo surgery, there was no observed correlation between age and the rates of complete cyto-reductive surgery, intra-operative complications, admission to High Dependency Unit, or length of hospital stay. Median length of stay across all age groups was 5 days. Patients ≥76 years were more likely to receive singleagent carboplatin (p = 0.009) than dual-agent chemotherapy. There was no increase in chemo-toxicity events with increasing age. While primary cytoreductive surgery is favoured by many gynaecological oncology teams, neoadjuvant chemotherapy still offers a viable treatment alternative for elderly and frail patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer by minimising operative times, reducing admissions to high dependency units and shortening lengths of hospital stay. Geriatric assessments, in combination with performance status, may aid treatment decisions made by the multi-disciplinary team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (PV) module deployment has surged globally as a part of the transition towards a decarbonized electricity sector. However, future climate change presents issues for module degradation due to prolonged exposure to outdoor conditions. Here, we identify key degradation mechanisms of monocrystalline‐silicon (mono‐Si) modules and empirically model their degradation modes under various climate scenarios. Modules tend to degrade faster due to the thermal degradation mechanism. We estimate that the weighted average degradation rate will increase up to 0.1%/year by 2059. On assessing the impacts of module degradation on future PV power generation and levelized cost of energy, we project up to 8.5% increase in power loss that leads to ~10% rise in future energy price. These results highlight the need to climate‐proof PV module design through careful material selection and improvements in the module manufacturing process. In particular, we recommend the use of heat dissipation techniques in modules to prevent degradation due to overheating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]