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2. Microscopic understanding of ultrafast charge transfer in van-der-Waals heterostructures

Author

Krause, R., Aeschlimann, S., Chavez-Cervantes, M., Perea-Causin, R., Brem, S., Malic, E., Forti, S., Fabbri, F., Coletti, C., and Gierz, I.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Van-der-Waals heterostructures show many intriguing phenomena including ultrafast charge separation following strong excitonic absorption in the visible spectral range. However, despite the enormous potential for future applications in the field of optoelectronics, the underlying microscopic mechanism remains controversial. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with microscopic many-particle theory to reveal the relevant microscopic charge transfer channels in epitaxial WS$_2$/graphene heterostructures. We find that the timescale for efficient ultrafast charge separation in the material is determined by direct tunneling at those points in the Brillouin zone where WS$_2$ and graphene bands cross, while the lifetime of the charge separated transient state is set by defect-assisted tunneling through localized sulphur vacanices. The subtle interplay of intrinsic and defect-related charge transfer channels revealed in the present work can be exploited for the design of highly efficient light harvesting and detecting devices., Comment: 37 pages, 16 figures

Published
2020
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6. Link between interlayer hybridization and ultrafast charge transfer in WS2-graphene heterostructures

Author

Hofmann, N., Weigl, L., Gradl, J., Mishra, N., Orlandini, G., Forti, S., Coletti, C., Latini, S., Xian, L., Rubio, A., Paredes, D., Causin, R., Brem, S., Malic, E., and Gierz, I.

Abstract

Ultrafast charge separation after photoexcitation is a common phenomenon in various van-der-Waals (vdW) heterostructures with great relevance for future applications in light harvesting and detection. Theoretical understanding of this phenomenon converges towards a coherent mechanism through charge transfer states accompanied by energy dissipation into strongly coupled phonons. The detailed microscopic pathways are material specific as they sensitively depend on the band structures of the individual layers, the relative band alignment in the heterostructure, the twist angle between the layers, and interlayer interactions resulting in hybridization. We used time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with tight binding and density functional theory electronic structure calculations to investigate ultrafast charge separation and recombination in WS2-graphene vdW heterostructures. We identify several avoided crossings in the band structure and discuss their relevance for ultrafast charge transfer. We relate our own observations to existing theoretical models and propose a unified picture for ultrafast charge transfer in vdW heterostructures where band alignment and twist angle emerge as the most important control parameters.

Published
2023

7. JS07.5.A 18F-fluciclovine PET and multi-parametric MRI to distinguish pseudoprogression from tumor progression in post-treatment glioblastoma

Author

Nabavizadeh, A, primary, Bagley, S, additional, Doot, R, additional, Ware, J, additional, Young, A, additional, Ghodasara, S, additional, Zhao, C, additional, Anderson, H, additional, Schubert, E, additional, Henderson Jr, F, additional, Pantel, A, additional, Chen, H, additional, Lee, J, additional, Amankulor, N, additional, O'Rourke, D, additional, Desai, A, additional, Nasrallah, M, additional, and Brem, S, additional

Published
2022
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8. Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure

Author

Hoogman, M., Rooij, D. van, Klein, M., Boedhoe, P., Ilioska, I., Li, T., Patel, Y., Postema, M.C., Zhang-James, Y., Anagnostou, E., Arango, C., Auzias, G., Banaschewski, T., Bau, C.H.D., Behrmann, M., Bellgrove, Mark A., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Busatto, G.F., Calderoni, S., Calvo, R., Castellanos, F.X., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Daly, E., Deruelle, C., Dinstein, I., Durston, S., Ecker, C., Ehrlich, S., Epstein, J.N., Fair, D.A., Fitzgerald, J., Freitag, C.M., Frodl, T., Gallagher, L., Grevet, E.H., Haavik, J., Hoekstra, P.J., Janssen, J., Karkashadze, G., King, J.A., Konrad, K., Kuntsi, J., Lazaro, L., Lerch, J.P., Lesch, K.P., Louza, M.R., Luna, B., Mattos, P., McGrath, J., Muratori, F., Murphy, C., Nigg, J.T., Oberwelland-Weiss, E., Tuura, R.L. O'Gorman, O'Hearn, K., Oosterlaan, J., Parellada, M., Pauli, P., Plessen, K.J., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Retico, A., Rosa, P.G., Rubia, K., Shaw, P., Silk, T.J., Tamm, L., Vilarroya, O., Walitza, S., Jahanshad, N., Faraone, S.V, Francks, C., Heuvel, O.A. van den, Paus, T., Thompson, P.M., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Rooij, D. van, Klein, M., Boedhoe, P., Ilioska, I., Li, T., Patel, Y., Postema, M.C., Zhang-James, Y., Anagnostou, E., Arango, C., Auzias, G., Banaschewski, T., Bau, C.H.D., Behrmann, M., Bellgrove, Mark A., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Busatto, G.F., Calderoni, S., Calvo, R., Castellanos, F.X., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Daly, E., Deruelle, C., Dinstein, I., Durston, S., Ecker, C., Ehrlich, S., Epstein, J.N., Fair, D.A., Fitzgerald, J., Freitag, C.M., Frodl, T., Gallagher, L., Grevet, E.H., Haavik, J., Hoekstra, P.J., Janssen, J., Karkashadze, G., King, J.A., Konrad, K., Kuntsi, J., Lazaro, L., Lerch, J.P., Lesch, K.P., Louza, M.R., Luna, B., Mattos, P., McGrath, J., Muratori, F., Murphy, C., Nigg, J.T., Oberwelland-Weiss, E., Tuura, R.L. O'Gorman, O'Hearn, K., Oosterlaan, J., Parellada, M., Pauli, P., Plessen, K.J., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Retico, A., Rosa, P.G., Rubia, K., Shaw, P., Silk, T.J., Tamm, L., Vilarroya, O., Walitza, S., Jahanshad, N., Faraone, S.V, Francks, C., Heuvel, O.A. van den, Paus, T., Thompson, P.M., Buitelaar, J.K., and Franke, B.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 248364.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past decades. Two of the main shortcomings of the neuroimaging literature of these disorders are the small sample sizes employed and the heterogeneity of methods used. In 2013 and 2014, the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were respectively, founded with a common goal to address these limitations. Here, we provide a narrative review of the thus far completed and still ongoing projects of these working groups. Due to an implicitly hierarchical psychiatric diagnostic classification system, the fields of ADHD and ASD have developed largely in isolation, despite the considerable overlap in the occurrence of the disorders. The collaboration between the ENIGMA-ADHD and -ASD working groups seeks to bring the neuroimaging efforts of the two disorders closer together. The outcomes of case-control studies of subcortical and cortical structures showed that subcortical volumes are similarly affected in ASD and ADHD, albeit with small effect sizes. Cortical analyses identified unique differences in each disorder, but also considerable overlap between the two, specifically in cortical thickness. Ongoing work is examining alternative research questions, such as brain laterality, prediction of case-control status, and anatomical heterogeneity. In brief, great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.

Published
2022

9. Reproducibility in the absence of selective reporting: An illustration from large-scale brain asymmetry research

Author

Kong, XZ, Francks, C, Mathias, SR, Guadalupe, T, Abé, C, Agartz, I, Akudjedu, TN, Aleman, A, Alhusaini, S, Allen, NB, Ames, D, Andreassen, OA, Vasquez, AA, Armstrong, NJ, Asherson, P, Bergo, F, Bastin, ME, Batalla, A, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Baur-Streubel, R, Biederman, J, Blaine, SK, Boedhoe, P, Bøen, E, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brodaty, H, Yüksel, D, Brooks, SJ, Buitelaar, J, Bürger, C, Bülow, R, Calhoun, V, Calvo, A, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Caparelli, EC, Castellanos, FX, Cendes, F, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, K, Chen, QL, Chen, X, Cheng, Y, Christakou, A, Clark, VP, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Córdova-Palomera, A, Cousijn, J, Crow, T, Cubillo, A, Dannlowski, U, de Bruttopilo, SA, de Zeeuw, P, Deary, IJ, Demeter, DV, Di Martino, A, Dickie, EW, Dietsche, B, Doan, NT, Doherty, CP, Doyle, A, Durston, S, Earl, E, Ehrlich, S, Ekman, CJ, Elvsåshagen, T, Epstein, JN, Fair, DA, Faraone, SV, Fernández, G, Flint, C, Filho, GB, Förster, K, Fouche, JP, Foxe, JJ, Frodl, T, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Fullerton, JM, Garavan, H, do Santos Garcia, D, Gotlib, IH, Goudriaan, AE, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Gurholt, T, Haavik, J, Hahn, T, Hansell, NK, Harris, MA, Hartman, CA, del Carmen Valdés Hernández, M, Kong, XZ, Francks, C, Mathias, SR, Guadalupe, T, Abé, C, Agartz, I, Akudjedu, TN, Aleman, A, Alhusaini, S, Allen, NB, Ames, D, Andreassen, OA, Vasquez, AA, Armstrong, NJ, Asherson, P, Bergo, F, Bastin, ME, Batalla, A, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Baur-Streubel, R, Biederman, J, Blaine, SK, Boedhoe, P, Bøen, E, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brodaty, H, Yüksel, D, Brooks, SJ, Buitelaar, J, Bürger, C, Bülow, R, Calhoun, V, Calvo, A, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Caparelli, EC, Castellanos, FX, Cendes, F, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, K, Chen, QL, Chen, X, Cheng, Y, Christakou, A, Clark, VP, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Córdova-Palomera, A, Cousijn, J, Crow, T, Cubillo, A, Dannlowski, U, de Bruttopilo, SA, de Zeeuw, P, Deary, IJ, Demeter, DV, Di Martino, A, Dickie, EW, Dietsche, B, Doan, NT, Doherty, CP, Doyle, A, Durston, S, Earl, E, Ehrlich, S, Ekman, CJ, Elvsåshagen, T, Epstein, JN, Fair, DA, Faraone, SV, Fernández, G, Flint, C, Filho, GB, Förster, K, Fouche, JP, Foxe, JJ, Frodl, T, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Fullerton, JM, Garavan, H, do Santos Garcia, D, Gotlib, IH, Goudriaan, AE, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Gurholt, T, Haavik, J, Hahn, T, Hansell, NK, Harris, MA, Hartman, CA, and del Carmen Valdés Hernández, M

Published
2022

10. Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure

Author

Hoogman, M, van Rooij, D, Klein, M, Boedhoe, P, Ilioska, I, Li, T, Patel, Y, Postema, MC, Zhang-James, Y, Anagnostou, E, Arango, C, Auzias, G, Banaschewski, T, Bau, CHD, Behrmann, M, Bellgrove, MA, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Busatto, GF, Calderoni, S, Calvo, R, Castellanos, FX, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Daly, E, Deruelle, C, Dinstein, I, Durston, S, Ecker, C, Ehrlich, S, Epstein, JN, Fair, DA, Fitzgerald, J, Freitag, CM, Frodl, T, Gallagher, L, Grevet, EH, Haavik, J, Hoekstra, PJ, Janssen, J, Karkashadze, G, King, JA, Konrad, K, Kuntsi, J, Lazaro, L, Lerch, JP, Lesch, K-P, Louza, MR, Luna, B, Mattos, P, McGrath, J, Muratori, F, Murphy, C, Nigg, JT, Oberwelland-Weiss, E, Tuura, RLO, O'Hearn, K, Oosterlaan, J, Parellada, M, Pauli, P, Plessen, KJ, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Retico, A, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Shaw, P, Silk, TJ, Tamm, L, Vilarroya, O, Walitza, S, Jahanshad, N, Faraone, S, Francks, C, van den Heuvel, OA, Paus, T, Thompson, PM, Buitelaar, JK, Franke, B, Hoogman, M, van Rooij, D, Klein, M, Boedhoe, P, Ilioska, I, Li, T, Patel, Y, Postema, MC, Zhang-James, Y, Anagnostou, E, Arango, C, Auzias, G, Banaschewski, T, Bau, CHD, Behrmann, M, Bellgrove, MA, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Busatto, GF, Calderoni, S, Calvo, R, Castellanos, FX, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Daly, E, Deruelle, C, Dinstein, I, Durston, S, Ecker, C, Ehrlich, S, Epstein, JN, Fair, DA, Fitzgerald, J, Freitag, CM, Frodl, T, Gallagher, L, Grevet, EH, Haavik, J, Hoekstra, PJ, Janssen, J, Karkashadze, G, King, JA, Konrad, K, Kuntsi, J, Lazaro, L, Lerch, JP, Lesch, K-P, Louza, MR, Luna, B, Mattos, P, McGrath, J, Muratori, F, Murphy, C, Nigg, JT, Oberwelland-Weiss, E, Tuura, RLO, O'Hearn, K, Oosterlaan, J, Parellada, M, Pauli, P, Plessen, KJ, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Retico, A, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Shaw, P, Silk, TJ, Tamm, L, Vilarroya, O, Walitza, S, Jahanshad, N, Faraone, S, Francks, C, van den Heuvel, OA, Paus, T, Thompson, PM, Buitelaar, JK, and Franke, B

Abstract

Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past decades. Two of the main shortcomings of the neuroimaging literature of these disorders are the small sample sizes employed and the heterogeneity of methods used. In 2013 and 2014, the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were respectively, founded with a common goal to address these limitations. Here, we provide a narrative review of the thus far completed and still ongoing projects of these working groups. Due to an implicitly hierarchical psychiatric diagnostic classification system, the fields of ADHD and ASD have developed largely in isolation, despite the considerable overlap in the occurrence of the disorders. The collaboration between the ENIGMA-ADHD and -ASD working groups seeks to bring the neuroimaging efforts of the two disorders closer together. The outcomes of case-control studies of subcortical and cortical structures showed that subcortical volumes are similarly affected in ASD and ADHD, albeit with small effect sizes. Cortical analyses identified unique differences in each disorder, but also considerable overlap between the two, specifically in cortical thickness. Ongoing work is examining alternative research questions, such as brain laterality, prediction of case-control status, and anatomical heterogeneity. In brief, great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.

Published
2022

11. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness

Author

Patel, Y., Shin, J., Abé, C., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Alnæs, D., Ambrogi, S., Antonucci, L.A., Arango, C., Arolt, V., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C., Başgöze, Z., Cupertino, R.B., Bau, C.H.D., Bauer, J., Baumeister, S., Bernardoni, F., Bertolino, A., Bonnin, C.D.M., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Bruggemann, J., Bülow, R., Bustillo, J.R., Calderoni, S., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Carmona, S., Carr, V.J., Catts, S.V., Chenji, S., Chew, Q.H., Coghill, D., Connolly, C.G., Conzelmann, A., Craven, A.R., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cullen, K., Dahl, A., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Deruelle, C., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Epstein, J., Erwin-Grabner, T., Eyler, L.T., Fedor, J., Fitzgerald, J., Foran, W., Ford, J.M., Fortea, L., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Fullerton, J., Furlong, L., Gallagher, L., Gao, B., Gao, S., Goikolea, J.M., Gotlib, I., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H.J., Green, M., Grevet, E.H., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Harrison, B.J., Heindel, W., Henskens, F., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hilland, E., Hoekstra, P.J., Hohmann, S., Holz, N., Howells, F.M., Ipser, J.C., Jahanshad, N., Jakobi, B., Jansen, A, Janssen, J., Jonassen, R., Kaiser, A., Kaleda, V., Karantonis, J., King, J.A., Kircher, T., Kochunov, P., Koopowitz, S.M., Landén, M., Landrø, N.I., Hoogman, M., Lawrie, S., Franke, B., Rooij, D. van, Buitelaar, J.K., Thompson, P., Paus, T., Patel, Y., Shin, J., Abé, C., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Alnæs, D., Ambrogi, S., Antonucci, L.A., Arango, C., Arolt, V., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C., Başgöze, Z., Cupertino, R.B., Bau, C.H.D., Bauer, J., Baumeister, S., Bernardoni, F., Bertolino, A., Bonnin, C.D.M., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Bruggemann, J., Bülow, R., Bustillo, J.R., Calderoni, S., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Carmona, S., Carr, V.J., Catts, S.V., Chenji, S., Chew, Q.H., Coghill, D., Connolly, C.G., Conzelmann, A., Craven, A.R., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cullen, K., Dahl, A., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Deruelle, C., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Epstein, J., Erwin-Grabner, T., Eyler, L.T., Fedor, J., Fitzgerald, J., Foran, W., Ford, J.M., Fortea, L., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Fullerton, J., Furlong, L., Gallagher, L., Gao, B., Gao, S., Goikolea, J.M., Gotlib, I., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H.J., Green, M., Grevet, E.H., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Harrison, B.J., Heindel, W., Henskens, F., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hilland, E., Hoekstra, P.J., Hohmann, S., Holz, N., Howells, F.M., Ipser, J.C., Jahanshad, N., Jakobi, B., Jansen, A, Janssen, J., Jonassen, R., Kaiser, A., Kaleda, V., Karantonis, J., King, J.A., Kircher, T., Kochunov, P., Koopowitz, S.M., Landén, M., Landrø, N.I., Hoogman, M., Lawrie, S., Franke, B., Rooij, D. van, Buitelaar, J.K., Thompson, P., and Paus, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 281502.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUND: Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS: Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS: Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from t

Published
2022

12. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness

Author

Patel, Y, Shin, J, Abe, C, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Alnaes, D, Ambrogi, S, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Arolt, V, Auzias, G, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Banaschewski, T, Bandeira, C, Basgoze, Z, Cupertino, RB, Bau, CHD, Bauer, J, Baumeister, S, Bernardoni, F, Bertolino, A, del Mar Bonnin, C, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Bruggemann, J, Bulow, R, Bustillo, JR, Calderoni, S, Calvo, R, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Carmona, S, Carr, VJ, Catts, SV, Chenji, S, Chew, QH, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Craven, AR, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cullen, K, Dahl, A, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Deruelle, C, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dohm, K, Ehrlich, S, Epstein, J, Erwin-Grabner, T, Eyler, LT, Fedor, J, Fitzgerald, J, Foran, W, Ford, JM, Fortea, L, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Fullerton, J, Furlong, L, Gallagher, L, Gao, B, Gao, S, Goikolea, JM, Gotlib, I, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Green, M, Grevet, EH, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Haavik, J, Hahn, T, Harrison, BJ, Heindel, W, Henskens, F, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hilland, E, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Holz, N, Howells, FM, Ipser, JC, Jahanshad, N, Jakobi, B, Jansen, A, Janssen, J, Jonassen, R, Kaiser, A, Kaleda, V, Karantonis, J, King, JA, Kircher, T, Kochunov, P, Koopowitz, S-M, Landen, M, Landro, NI, Lawrie, S, Lebedeva, I, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, MacMaster, FP, Maglanoc, LA, Mathalon, DH, McDonald, C, McIntosh, A, Meinert, S, Michie, PT, Mitchell, P, Moreno-Alcazar, A, Mowry, B, Muratori, F, Nabulsi, L, Nenadic, I, Tuura, RO, Oosterlaan, J, Overs, B, Pantelis, C, Parellada, M, Pariente, JC, Pauli, P, Pergola, G, Piarulli, FM, Picon, F, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Pretus, C, Quide, Y, Radua, J, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Rasser, PE, Reif, A, Retico, A, Roberts, G, Rossell, S, Rovaris, DL, Rubia, K, Sacchet, M, Salavert, J, Salvador, R, Sarro, S, Sawa, A, Schall, U, Scott, R, Selvaggi, P, Silk, T, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Stein, DJ, Steinstrater, O, Stolicyn, A, Takayanagi, Y, Tamm, L, Tavares, M, Teumer, A, Thiel, K, Thomopoulos, SI, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Tosetti, M, Uhlmann, A, Van Rheenen, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vernooij, MW, Vieta, E, Vilarroya, O, Weickert, C, Weickert, T, Westlye, LT, Whalley, H, Willinger, D, Winter, A, Wittfeld, K, Yang, TT, Yoncheva, Y, Zijlmans, JL, Hoogman, M, Franke, B, van Rooij, D, Buitelaar, J, Ching, CRK, Andreassen, OA, Pozzi, E, Veltman, D, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Castellanos, FX, Pausova, Z, Thompson, P, Paus, T, Patel, Y, Shin, J, Abe, C, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Alnaes, D, Ambrogi, S, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Arolt, V, Auzias, G, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Banaschewski, T, Bandeira, C, Basgoze, Z, Cupertino, RB, Bau, CHD, Bauer, J, Baumeister, S, Bernardoni, F, Bertolino, A, del Mar Bonnin, C, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Bruggemann, J, Bulow, R, Bustillo, JR, Calderoni, S, Calvo, R, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Carmona, S, Carr, VJ, Catts, SV, Chenji, S, Chew, QH, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Craven, AR, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cullen, K, Dahl, A, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Deruelle, C, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dohm, K, Ehrlich, S, Epstein, J, Erwin-Grabner, T, Eyler, LT, Fedor, J, Fitzgerald, J, Foran, W, Ford, JM, Fortea, L, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Fullerton, J, Furlong, L, Gallagher, L, Gao, B, Gao, S, Goikolea, JM, Gotlib, I, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Green, M, Grevet, EH, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Haavik, J, Hahn, T, Harrison, BJ, Heindel, W, Henskens, F, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hilland, E, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Holz, N, Howells, FM, Ipser, JC, Jahanshad, N, Jakobi, B, Jansen, A, Janssen, J, Jonassen, R, Kaiser, A, Kaleda, V, Karantonis, J, King, JA, Kircher, T, Kochunov, P, Koopowitz, S-M, Landen, M, Landro, NI, Lawrie, S, Lebedeva, I, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, MacMaster, FP, Maglanoc, LA, Mathalon, DH, McDonald, C, McIntosh, A, Meinert, S, Michie, PT, Mitchell, P, Moreno-Alcazar, A, Mowry, B, Muratori, F, Nabulsi, L, Nenadic, I, Tuura, RO, Oosterlaan, J, Overs, B, Pantelis, C, Parellada, M, Pariente, JC, Pauli, P, Pergola, G, Piarulli, FM, Picon, F, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Pretus, C, Quide, Y, Radua, J, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Rasser, PE, Reif, A, Retico, A, Roberts, G, Rossell, S, Rovaris, DL, Rubia, K, Sacchet, M, Salavert, J, Salvador, R, Sarro, S, Sawa, A, Schall, U, Scott, R, Selvaggi, P, Silk, T, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Stein, DJ, Steinstrater, O, Stolicyn, A, Takayanagi, Y, Tamm, L, Tavares, M, Teumer, A, Thiel, K, Thomopoulos, SI, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Tosetti, M, Uhlmann, A, Van Rheenen, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vernooij, MW, Vieta, E, Vilarroya, O, Weickert, C, Weickert, T, Westlye, LT, Whalley, H, Willinger, D, Winter, A, Wittfeld, K, Yang, TT, Yoncheva, Y, Zijlmans, JL, Hoogman, M, Franke, B, van Rooij, D, Buitelaar, J, Ching, CRK, Andreassen, OA, Pozzi, E, Veltman, D, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Castellanos, FX, Pausova, Z, Thompson, P, and Paus, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS: Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS: Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from t

Published
2022

13. White matter microstructure and its relation to clinical features of obsessive–compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group

Author

Piras F., Abe Y., Agarwal S. M., Anticevic A., Ameis S., Arnold P., Banaj N., Bargallo N., Batistuzzo M. C., Benedetti F., Beucke J. -C., Boedhoe P. S. W., Bollettini I., Brem S., Calvo A., Cho K. I. K., Ciullo V., Dallaspezia S., Dickie E., Ely B. A., Fan S., Fouche J. -P., Gruner P., Gursel D. A., Hauser T., Hirano Y., Hoexter M. Q., Iorio M., James A., Reddy Y. C. J., Kaufmann C., Koch K., Kochunov P., Kwon J. S., Lazaro L., Lochner C., Marsh R., Nakagawa A., Nakamae T., Narayanaswamy J. C., Sakai Y., Shimizu E., Simon D., Simpson H. B., Soreni N., Stampfli P., Stern E. R., Szeszko P., Takahashi J., Venkatasubramanian G., Wang Z., Yun J. -Y., Assogna F., Calvo R., Wit S. J., Hough M., Kuno M., Miguel E. C., Morer A., Pittenger C., Poletti S., Smeraldi E., Sato J. R., Tsuchiyagaito A., Walitza S., van der Werf Y. D., Vecchio D., Zarei M., Stein D. J., Jahanshad N., Thompson P. M., van den Heuvel O. A., Spalletta G., Piras, F., Abe, Y., Agarwal, S. M., Anticevic, A., Ameis, S., Arnold, P., Banaj, N., Bargallo, N., Batistuzzo, M. C., Benedetti, F., Beucke, J. -C., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Bollettini, I., Brem, S., Calvo, A., Cho, K. I. K., Ciullo, V., Dallaspezia, S., Dickie, E., Ely, B. A., Fan, S., Fouche, J. -P., Gruner, P., Gursel, D. A., Hauser, T., Hirano, Y., Hoexter, M. Q., Iorio, M., James, A., Reddy, Y. C. J., Kaufmann, C., Koch, K., Kochunov, P., Kwon, J. S., Lazaro, L., Lochner, C., Marsh, R., Nakagawa, A., Nakamae, T., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Sakai, Y., Shimizu, E., Simon, D., Simpson, H. B., Soreni, N., Stampfli, P., Stern, E. R., Szeszko, P., Takahashi, J., Venkatasubramanian, G., Wang, Z., Yun, J. -Y., Assogna, F., Calvo, R., Wit, S. J., Hough, M., Kuno, M., Miguel, E. C., Morer, A., Pittenger, C., Poletti, S., Smeraldi, E., Sato, J. R., Tsuchiyagaito, A., Walitza, S., van der Werf, Y. D., Vecchio, D., Zarei, M., Stein, D. J., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P. M., van den Heuvel, O. A., Spalletta, G., Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration

Subjects
Adult, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Younger age, Cross-sectional study, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, White matter, neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Group differences, Obsessive compulsive, Internal medicine, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie, Child, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, business.industry, Brain, White Matter, White matter microstructure, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, psychiatric disorders, Anisotropy, business, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

Microstructural alterations in cortico-subcortical connections are thought to be present in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, prior studies have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps because small sample sizes provided insufficient power to detect subtle abnormalities. Here we investigated microstructural white matter alterations and their relation to clinical features in the largest dataset of adult and pediatric OCD to date. We analyzed diffusion tensor imaging metrics from 700 adult patients and 645 adult controls, as well as 174 pediatric patients and 144 pediatric controls across 19 sites participating in the ENIGMA OCD Working Group, in a cross-sectional case-control magnetic resonance study. We extracted measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) as main outcome, and mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity as secondary outcomes for 25 white matter regions. We meta-analyzed patient-control group differences (Cohen’s d) across sites, after adjusting for age and sex, and investigated associations with clinical characteristics. Adult OCD patients showed significant FA reduction in the sagittal stratum (d = −0.21, z = −3.21, p = 0.001) and posterior thalamic radiation (d = −0.26, z = −4.57, p z = 2.71, p = 0.006), longer duration of illness (z = −2.086, p = 0.036), and a higher percentage of medicated patients in the cohorts studied (z = −1.98, p = 0.047). No significant association with symptom severity was found. Pediatric OCD patients did not show any detectable microstructural abnormalities compared to controls. Our findings of microstructural alterations in projection and association fibers to posterior brain regions in OCD are consistent with models emphasizing deficits in connectivity as an important feature of this disorder.

Published
2021

14. Femtosecond nanoscopy of charge carrier dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures

Author

Sandner, F., primary, Siday, T., additional, Plankl, M., additional, Faria Junior, P. E., additional, Brem, S., additional, Zizlsperger, M., additional, Perea-Causin, R., additional, Schiegl, F., additional, Nerreter, S., additional, Maier, S., additional, Mooshammer, F., additional, Huber, M. A., additional, Gmitra, M., additional, Fabian, J., additional, Malic, E., additional, Cocker, T. L., additional, and Huber, R., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
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17. Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Author

Postema, M.C., Hoogman, M., Ambrosino, S., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C.E., Baranov, A., Bau, C.H.D., Baumeister, S., Baur-Streubel, R., Bellgrove, Mark A., Biederman, J., Bralten, J.B., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Buitelaar, J.K., Busatto, G.F., Castellanos, F.X., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Chantiluke, K.C., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Cubillo, A.I., Cupertino, R.B., Zeeuw, P. de, Doyle, A.E., Durston, S., Earl, E.A., Epstein, J.N., Ethofer, T., Fair, D.A., Fallgatter, A.J., Faraone, S.V, Frodl, T., Gabel, M.C., Gogberashvili, T., Grevet, E.H., Haavik, J., Harrison, N.A., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hoekstra, P.J., Hohmann, S., Høvik, M.F., Jernigan, T.L., Kardatzki, B., Karkashadze, G., Kelly, C., Kohls, G., Konrad, K., Kuntsi, J., Lazaro, L., Lera-Miguel, S., Lesch, K.P., Louza, M.R., Lundervold, A.J., Malpas, C.B., Mattos, P., McCarthy, H., Namazova-Baranova, L., Nicolau, R., Nigg, J.T., Novotny, S.E., Weiss, E. Oberwelland, Tuura, R.L. O'Gorman, Oosterlaan, J., Oranje, B., Paloyelis, Y., Pauli, P., Picon, F.A., Plessen, K.J., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Rosa, P.G., Rubia, K., Schrantee, A., Schweren, L.J., Seitz, J., Shaw, P., Silk, T.J., Skokauskas, N., Vila, J.C. Soliva, Stevens, M.C., Sudre, G., Tamm, L., Tovar-Moll, F., Erp, T.G. van, Vance, A., Vilarroya, O., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Polier, G.G. von, Walitza, S., Yoncheva, Y.N., Zanetti, M.V., Ziegler, G.C., Glahn, D.C., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Francks, C., Postema, M.C., Hoogman, M., Ambrosino, S., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C.E., Baranov, A., Bau, C.H.D., Baumeister, S., Baur-Streubel, R., Bellgrove, Mark A., Biederman, J., Bralten, J.B., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Buitelaar, J.K., Busatto, G.F., Castellanos, F.X., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Chantiluke, K.C., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Cubillo, A.I., Cupertino, R.B., Zeeuw, P. de, Doyle, A.E., Durston, S., Earl, E.A., Epstein, J.N., Ethofer, T., Fair, D.A., Fallgatter, A.J., Faraone, S.V, Frodl, T., Gabel, M.C., Gogberashvili, T., Grevet, E.H., Haavik, J., Harrison, N.A., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hoekstra, P.J., Hohmann, S., Høvik, M.F., Jernigan, T.L., Kardatzki, B., Karkashadze, G., Kelly, C., Kohls, G., Konrad, K., Kuntsi, J., Lazaro, L., Lera-Miguel, S., Lesch, K.P., Louza, M.R., Lundervold, A.J., Malpas, C.B., Mattos, P., McCarthy, H., Namazova-Baranova, L., Nicolau, R., Nigg, J.T., Novotny, S.E., Weiss, E. Oberwelland, Tuura, R.L. O'Gorman, Oosterlaan, J., Oranje, B., Paloyelis, Y., Pauli, P., Picon, F.A., Plessen, K.J., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Rosa, P.G., Rubia, K., Schrantee, A., Schweren, L.J., Seitz, J., Shaw, P., Silk, T.J., Skokauskas, N., Vila, J.C. Soliva, Stevens, M.C., Sudre, G., Tamm, L., Tovar-Moll, F., Erp, T.G. van, Vance, A., Vilarroya, O., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Polier, G.G. von, Walitza, S., Yoncheva, Y.N., Zanetti, M.V., Ziegler, G.C., Glahn, D.C., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., and Francks, C.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. METHODS: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. RESULTS: There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p = .04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p = .01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from -0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study-wide correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION: Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait.

Published
2021

18. Evidence for similar structural brain anomalies in youth and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a machine learning analysis

Author

Zhang-James, Y, Helminen, EC, Liu, J, Busatto, GF, Calvo, A, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Gabel, MC, Harrison, NA, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Louza, MR, Nicolau, R, Rosa, PGP, Schulte-Rutte, M, Zanetti, MV, Ambrosino, S, Asherson, P, Banaschewski, T, Baranov, A, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Bellgrove, MA, Biederman, J, Bralten, J, Bramati, IE, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Buitelaar, JK, Castellanos, FX, Chantiluke, KC, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, AI, Dale, AM, de Zeeuw, P, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Frodl, T, Gogberashvili, T, Haavik, J, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Høvik, MF, Jahanshad, N, Jernigan, TL, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kelly, C, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuntsi, J, Lesch, KP, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, Mehta, MA, Namazova-Baranova, L, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, O’Gorman Tuura, RL, Weiss, EO, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Pauli, P, Plessen, KJ, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Rubia, K, Schrantee, A, Schwarz, L, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Silk, Timothy, Skokauskas, N, Vila, JCS, Stevens, MC, Sudre, G, Tamm, L, Thompson, PM, Tovar-Moll, F, van Erp, TGM, Vance, A, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Yoncheva, YN, Zhang-James, Y, Helminen, EC, Liu, J, Busatto, GF, Calvo, A, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Gabel, MC, Harrison, NA, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Louza, MR, Nicolau, R, Rosa, PGP, Schulte-Rutte, M, Zanetti, MV, Ambrosino, S, Asherson, P, Banaschewski, T, Baranov, A, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Bellgrove, MA, Biederman, J, Bralten, J, Bramati, IE, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Buitelaar, JK, Castellanos, FX, Chantiluke, KC, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, AI, Dale, AM, de Zeeuw, P, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Frodl, T, Gogberashvili, T, Haavik, J, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Høvik, MF, Jahanshad, N, Jernigan, TL, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kelly, C, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuntsi, J, Lesch, KP, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, Mehta, MA, Namazova-Baranova, L, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, O’Gorman Tuura, RL, Weiss, EO, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Pauli, P, Plessen, KJ, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Rubia, K, Schrantee, A, Schwarz, L, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Silk, Timothy, Skokauskas, N, Vila, JCS, Stevens, MC, Sudre, G, Tamm, L, Thompson, PM, Tovar-Moll, F, van Erp, TGM, Vance, A, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, and Yoncheva, YN

Published
2021

19. Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Author

Postema, MC, Hoogman, M, Ambrosino, S, Asherson, P, Banaschewski, T, Bandeira, CE, Baranov, A, Bau, CHD, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Bellgrove, MA, Biederman, J, Bralten, J, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Buitelaar, JK, Busatto, GF, Castellanos, FX, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, KC, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, AI, Cupertino, RB, de Zeeuw, P, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Faraone, SV, Frodl, T, Gabel, MC, Gogberashvili, T, Grevet, EH, Haavik, J, Harrison, NA, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Høvik, MF, Jernigan, TL, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kelly, C, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuntsi, J, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Lesch, KP, Louza, MR, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, Namazova-Baranova, L, Nicolau, R, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, Oberwelland Weiss, E, O'Gorman Tuura, RL, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Pauli, P, Picon, FA, Plessen, KJ, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Schrantee, A, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Silk, Tim, Skokauskas, N, Soliva Vila, JC, Stevens, MC, Sudre, G, Tamm, L, Tovar-Moll, F, van Erp, TGM, Vance, A, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Yoncheva, YN, Zanetti, MV, Ziegler, GC, Glahn, DC, Jahanshad, N, Postema, MC, Hoogman, M, Ambrosino, S, Asherson, P, Banaschewski, T, Bandeira, CE, Baranov, A, Bau, CHD, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Bellgrove, MA, Biederman, J, Bralten, J, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Buitelaar, JK, Busatto, GF, Castellanos, FX, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, KC, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, AI, Cupertino, RB, de Zeeuw, P, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Faraone, SV, Frodl, T, Gabel, MC, Gogberashvili, T, Grevet, EH, Haavik, J, Harrison, NA, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Høvik, MF, Jernigan, TL, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kelly, C, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuntsi, J, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Lesch, KP, Louza, MR, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, Namazova-Baranova, L, Nicolau, R, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, Oberwelland Weiss, E, O'Gorman Tuura, RL, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Pauli, P, Picon, FA, Plessen, KJ, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Schrantee, A, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Silk, Tim, Skokauskas, N, Soliva Vila, JC, Stevens, MC, Sudre, G, Tamm, L, Tovar-Moll, F, van Erp, TGM, Vance, A, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Yoncheva, YN, Zanetti, MV, Ziegler, GC, Glahn, DC, and Jahanshad, N

Published
2021

22. Scientific Reports / Visual word form processing deficits driven by severity of reading impairments in children with developmental dyslexia

Author

Brem, S., Maurer, U., Kronbichler, M., Schurz, M., Richlan, F., Blau, V., Reithler, J., van der Mark, S., Schulz, E., Bucher, K., Moll, K., Landerl, K., Martin, E., Goebel, R., Schulte-Körne, G., Blomert, L., Wimmer, H., and Brandeis, D.

Subjects
behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

The visual word form area (VWFA) in the left ventral occipito-temporal (vOT) cortex is key to fluent reading in children and adults. Diminished VWFA activation during print processing tasks is a common finding in subjects with severe reading problems. Here, we report fMRI data from a multicentre study with 140 children in primary school (7.912.2 years; 55 children with dyslexia, 73 typical readers, 12 intermediate readers). All performed a semantic task on visually presented words and a matched control task on symbol strings. With this large group of children, including the entire spectrum from severely impaired to highly fluent readers, we aimed to clarify the association of reading fluency and left vOT activation during visual word processing. The results of this study confirm reduced word-sensitive activation within the left vOT in children with dyslexia. Interestingly, the association of reading skills and left vOT activation was especially strong and spatially extended in children with dyslexia. Thus, deficits in basic visual word form processing increase with the severity of reading disability but seem only weakly associated with fluency within the typical reading range suggesting a linear dependence of reading scores with VFWA activation only in the poorest readers. (VLID)5541985

Published
2020

23. Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness, and cortical surface area across disorders: Findings from the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups

Author

Boedhoe, P.S., Rooij, D. van, Hoogman, M., Twisk, J.W.R., Schmaal, L., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S.H., Anikin, A., Anticevic, A., Arango, C., Arnold, P.D., Asherson, P., Assogna, F., Auzias, G., Banaschewski, T., Baranov, A., Batistuzzo, M.C., Baumeister, S., Baur-Streubel, R., Behrmann, M., Bellgrove, M.A., Benedetti, F. De, Beucke, J.C., Biederman, J., Bollettini, I., Bose, A., Bralten, J., Bramati, I.E., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Brennan, B.P., Busatto, G.F., Calderoni, S., Calvo, A., Calvo, R., Castellanos, F.X., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Chantiluke, K.C., Cheng, Y., Cho, K.I.K., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Cubillo, A.I., Dale, A.M., Dallaspezia, S., Daly, E., Denys, D., Deruelle, C., Martino, A, Dinstein, I., Doyle, A.E., Durston, S., Earl, E.A., Ecker, C., Ehrlich, S., Ely, B.A., Epstein, J.N., Ethofer, T., Fair, D.A., Fallgatter, A.J., Faraone, S.V, Fedor, J., Feng, X., Feusner, J.D., Fitzgerald, J., Fitzgerald, K.D., Fouche, J.P., Freitag, C.M., Fridgeirsson, E.A., Frodl, T., Gabel, M.C., Gallagher, L., Gogberashvili, T., Gori, I., Gruner, P., Gürsel, D.A., Haar, S., Haavik, J., Hall, G.B., Harrison, N.A., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hirano, Y., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoexter, M.Q., Hohmann, S., Høvik, M.F., Hu, H., Huyser, C., Jahanshad, N., Jalbrzikowski, M., James, A., Janssen, J, Jaspers-Fayer, F., Jernigan, T.L., Kapilushniy, D., Kardatzki, B., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., Heuvel, O.A. van den, Boedhoe, P.S., Rooij, D. van, Hoogman, M., Twisk, J.W.R., Schmaal, L., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S.H., Anikin, A., Anticevic, A., Arango, C., Arnold, P.D., Asherson, P., Assogna, F., Auzias, G., Banaschewski, T., Baranov, A., Batistuzzo, M.C., Baumeister, S., Baur-Streubel, R., Behrmann, M., Bellgrove, M.A., Benedetti, F. De, Beucke, J.C., Biederman, J., Bollettini, I., Bose, A., Bralten, J., Bramati, I.E., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Brennan, B.P., Busatto, G.F., Calderoni, S., Calvo, A., Calvo, R., Castellanos, F.X., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Chantiluke, K.C., Cheng, Y., Cho, K.I.K., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Cubillo, A.I., Dale, A.M., Dallaspezia, S., Daly, E., Denys, D., Deruelle, C., Martino, A, Dinstein, I., Doyle, A.E., Durston, S., Earl, E.A., Ecker, C., Ehrlich, S., Ely, B.A., Epstein, J.N., Ethofer, T., Fair, D.A., Fallgatter, A.J., Faraone, S.V, Fedor, J., Feng, X., Feusner, J.D., Fitzgerald, J., Fitzgerald, K.D., Fouche, J.P., Freitag, C.M., Fridgeirsson, E.A., Frodl, T., Gabel, M.C., Gallagher, L., Gogberashvili, T., Gori, I., Gruner, P., Gürsel, D.A., Haar, S., Haavik, J., Hall, G.B., Harrison, N.A., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hirano, Y., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoexter, M.Q., Hohmann, S., Høvik, M.F., Hu, H., Huyser, C., Jahanshad, N., Jalbrzikowski, M., James, A., Janssen, J, Jaspers-Fayer, F., Jernigan, T.L., Kapilushniy, D., Kardatzki, B., Buitelaar, J.K., Franke, B., and Heuvel, O.A. van den

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 225388.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. METHODS: Structural T(1)-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). RESULTS: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

Published
2020

24. Mapping Cortical and Subcortical Asymmetry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Consortium

Author

Kong, X-Z, Boedhoe, PSW, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Baker, JT, Batistuzzo, MC, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, J, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Glahn, DC, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Medland, SE, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Pittenger, C, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Rooij, D, van Wingen, GA, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, van den Heuvel, OA, Francks, C, Kong, X-Z, Boedhoe, PSW, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Baker, JT, Batistuzzo, MC, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, J, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Glahn, DC, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Medland, SE, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Pittenger, C, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Rooij, D, van Wingen, GA, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, van den Heuvel, OA, and Francks, C

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lateralized dysfunction has been suggested in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is currently unclear whether OCD is characterized by abnormal patterns of brain structural asymmetry. Here we carried out what is by far the largest study of brain structural asymmetry in OCD. METHODS: We studied a collection of 16 pediatric datasets (501 patients with OCD and 439 healthy control subjects), as well as 30 adult datasets (1777 patients and 1654 control subjects) from the OCD Working Group within the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium. Asymmetries of the volumes of subcortical structures, and of measures of regional cortical thickness and surface areas, were assessed based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans, using harmonized image analysis and quality control protocols. We investigated possible alterations of brain asymmetry in patients with OCD. We also explored potential associations of asymmetry with specific aspects of the disorder and medication status. RESULTS: In the pediatric datasets, the largest case-control differences were observed for volume asymmetry of the thalamus (more leftward; Cohen's d = 0.19) and the pallidum (less leftward; d = -0.21). Additional analyses suggested putative links between these asymmetry patterns and medication status, OCD severity, or anxiety and depression comorbidities. No significant case-control differences were found in the adult datasets. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest subtle changes of the average asymmetry of subcortical structures in pediatric OCD, which are not detectable in adults with the disorder. These findings may reflect altered neurodevelopmental processes in OCD.

Published
2020

25. Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups

Author

Boedhoe, PSW, van Rooij, D, Hoogman, M, Twisk, JWR, Schmaal, L, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anikin, A, Anticevic, A, Arango, C, Arnold, PD, Asherson, P, Assogna, F, Auzias, G, Banaschewski, T, Baranov, A, Batistuzzo, MC, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Behrmann, M, Bellgrove, MA, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Biederman, J, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Bramati, IE, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Busatto, GF, Calderoni, S, Calvo, A, Calvo, R, Castellanos, FX, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, KC, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, A, Dale, AM, Dallaspezia, S, Daly, E, Denys, D, Deruelle, C, Di Martino, A, Dinstein, I, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Ecker, C, Ehrlich, S, Ely, BA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Faraone, S, Fedor, J, Feng, X, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Freitag, CM, Fridgeirsson, EA, Frodl, T, Gabel, MC, Gallagher, L, Gogberashvili, T, Gori, I, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Haar, S, Haavik, J, Hall, GB, Harrison, NA, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hirano, Y, Hoekstra, PJ, Hoexter, MQ, Hohmann, S, Hovik, MF, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Jahanshad, N, Jalbrzikowski, M, James, A, Janssen, J, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Jernigan, TL, Kapilushniy, D, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Kelly, C, Khadka, S, King, JA, Koch, K, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuno, M, Kuntsi, J, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Lesch, K-P, Hoekstra, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Louza, MR, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, McGrath, J, Mehta, MA, Menchon, JM, Mennes, M, Martinho, MM, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Muratori, F, Murphy, CM, Murphy, DGM, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Namazova-Baranova, L, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nicolau, R, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, Nurmi, EL, Weiss, EO, Tuura, RLO, O'Hearn, K, O'Neill, J, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Parellada, M, Pauli, P, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Plessen, KJ, Puig, O, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reddy, YCJ, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Retico, A, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Rus, OG, Sakai, Y, Schrantee, A, Schwarz, L, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Shook, D, Silk, TJ, Simpson, HB, Skokauskas, N, Vila, JCS, Solovieva, A, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Sudre, G, Szeszko, PR, Tamm, L, Taylor, MJ, Tolin, DF, Tosetti, M, Tovar-Moll, F, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Erp, TGM, van Wingen, GA, Vance, A, Venkatasubramanian, G, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Wallace, GL, Wang, Z, Wolfers, T, Yoncheva, YN, Yun, J-Y, Zanetti, M, Zhou, F, Ziegler, GC, Zierhut, KC, Zwiers, MP, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, Buitelaar, J, Franke, B, van den Heuvel, OA, Boedhoe, PSW, van Rooij, D, Hoogman, M, Twisk, JWR, Schmaal, L, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anikin, A, Anticevic, A, Arango, C, Arnold, PD, Asherson, P, Assogna, F, Auzias, G, Banaschewski, T, Baranov, A, Batistuzzo, MC, Baumeister, S, Baur-Streubel, R, Behrmann, M, Bellgrove, MA, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Biederman, J, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Bramati, IE, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Busatto, GF, Calderoni, S, Calvo, A, Calvo, R, Castellanos, FX, Cercignani, M, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, KC, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Christakou, A, Coghill, D, Conzelmann, A, Cubillo, A, Dale, AM, Dallaspezia, S, Daly, E, Denys, D, Deruelle, C, Di Martino, A, Dinstein, I, Doyle, AE, Durston, S, Earl, EA, Ecker, C, Ehrlich, S, Ely, BA, Epstein, JN, Ethofer, T, Fair, DA, Fallgatter, AJ, Faraone, S, Fedor, J, Feng, X, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, J, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Freitag, CM, Fridgeirsson, EA, Frodl, T, Gabel, MC, Gallagher, L, Gogberashvili, T, Gori, I, Gruner, P, Gursel, DA, Haar, S, Haavik, J, Hall, GB, Harrison, NA, Hartman, CA, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hirano, Y, Hoekstra, PJ, Hoexter, MQ, Hohmann, S, Hovik, MF, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Jahanshad, N, Jalbrzikowski, M, James, A, Janssen, J, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Jernigan, TL, Kapilushniy, D, Kardatzki, B, Karkashadze, G, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Kelly, C, Khadka, S, King, JA, Koch, K, Kohls, G, Konrad, K, Kuno, M, Kuntsi, J, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Lera-Miguel, S, Lesch, K-P, Hoekstra, L, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Louza, MR, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, Malpas, CB, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Mattos, P, McCarthy, H, McGrath, J, Mehta, MA, Menchon, JM, Mennes, M, Martinho, MM, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Muratori, F, Murphy, CM, Murphy, DGM, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Namazova-Baranova, L, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nicolau, R, Nigg, JT, Novotny, SE, Nurmi, EL, Weiss, EO, Tuura, RLO, O'Hearn, K, O'Neill, J, Oosterlaan, J, Oranje, B, Paloyelis, Y, Parellada, M, Pauli, P, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Plessen, KJ, Puig, O, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Reddy, YCJ, Reif, A, Reneman, L, Retico, A, Rosa, PGP, Rubia, K, Rus, OG, Sakai, Y, Schrantee, A, Schwarz, L, Schweren, LJS, Seitz, J, Shaw, P, Shook, D, Silk, TJ, Simpson, HB, Skokauskas, N, Vila, JCS, Solovieva, A, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Sudre, G, Szeszko, PR, Tamm, L, Taylor, MJ, Tolin, DF, Tosetti, M, Tovar-Moll, F, Tsuchiyagaito, A, van Erp, TGM, van Wingen, GA, Vance, A, Venkatasubramanian, G, Vilarroya, O, Vives-Gilabert, Y, von Polier, GG, Walitza, S, Wallace, GL, Wang, Z, Wolfers, T, Yoncheva, YN, Yun, J-Y, Zanetti, M, Zhou, F, Ziegler, GC, Zierhut, KC, Zwiers, MP, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, Buitelaar, J, Franke, B, and van den Heuvel, OA

Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. Methods: Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

Published
2020

26. Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters

Author

Bruin, WB, Taylor, L, Thomas, RM, Shock, JP, Zhutovsky, P, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anticevic, A, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Boedhoe, PSW, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, JK, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Gruner, P, Guersel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Ivanov, I, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Lazaro, L, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, Mataix-Cols, D, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Shimizu, E, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, van Rooij, D, Thompson, PM, van den Heuvel, OA, Stein, DJ, van Wingen, GA, Bruin, WB, Taylor, L, Thomas, RM, Shock, JP, Zhutovsky, P, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anticevic, A, Arnold, PD, Assogna, F, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Boedhoe, PSW, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brennan, BP, Buitelaar, JK, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KIK, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Ely, BA, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouche, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Gruner, P, Guersel, DA, Hauser, TU, Hirano, Y, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Ivanov, I, James, A, Jaspers-Fayer, F, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kuno, M, Kvale, G, Kwon, JS, Liu, Y, Lochner, C, Lazaro, L, Marques, P, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, Mataix-Cols, D, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Moreira, PS, Morer, A, Morgado, P, Nakagawa, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Pariente, JC, Perriello, C, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Reddy, YCJ, Rus-Oswald, OG, Sakai, Y, Sato, JR, Schmaal, L, Shimizu, E, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stern, ER, Stevens, MC, Stewart, SE, Szeszko, PR, Tolin, DF, Venkatasubramanian, G, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, van Rooij, D, Thompson, PM, van den Heuvel, OA, Stein, DJ, and van Wingen, GA

Abstract

No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.

Published
2020

27. Visual word form processing deficits driven by severity of reading impairments in children with developmental dyslexia

Author

Brem, S, Maurer, U, Kronbichler, M, Schurz, M, Richlan, F, Blau, V, Reithler, J, van der Mark, S, Schulz, E, Bucher, K, Moll, K, Landerl, K, Martin, E, Goebel, R, Schulte-Körne, G, Blomert, L, Wimmer, H, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Maurer, U, Kronbichler, M, Schurz, M, Richlan, F, Blau, V, Reithler, J, van der Mark, S, Schulz, E, Bucher, K, Moll, K, Landerl, K, Martin, E, Goebel, R, Schulte-Körne, G, Blomert, L, Wimmer, H, and Brandeis, D

Abstract

The visual word form area (VWFA) in the left ventral occipito-temporal (vOT) cortex is key to fluent reading in children and adults. Diminished VWFA activation during print processing tasks is a common finding in subjects with severe reading problems. Here, we report fMRI data from a multicentre study with 140 children in primary school (7.9-12.2 years; 55 children with dyslexia, 73 typical readers, 12 intermediate readers). All performed a semantic task on visually presented words and a matched control task on symbol strings. With this large group of children, including the entire spectrum from severely impaired to highly fluent readers, we aimed to clarify the association of reading fluency and left vOT activation during visual word processing. The results of this study confirm reduced word-sensitive activation within the left vOT in children with dyslexia. Interestingly, the association of reading skills and left vOT activation was especially strong and spatially extended in children with dyslexia. Thus, deficits in basic visual word form processing increase with the severity of reading disability but seem only weakly associated with fluency within the typical reading range suggesting a linear dependence of reading scores with VFWA activation only in the poorest readers.

Published
2020

29. MDNA55, a Locally Administered IL4 Guided Toxin for Targeted Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Shows Long Term Survival Benefit.

Author

Sampson, J., primary, Achrol, A.S., additional, Aghi, M.K., additional, Bankiewicz, K., additional, Bexon, M., additional, Brem, S., additional, Brenner, A., additional, Chowdhary, S., additional, Coello, M., additional, Ellingson, B.M., additional, Floyd, J.R., additional, Han, S., additional, Kesari, S., additional, Merchant, F., additional, Merchant, N., additional, Randazzo, D., additional, Vogelbaum, M., additional, Vrionis, F., additional, Zabek, M., additional, and Butowski, N., additional

Published
2020
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31. Brain imaging of the cortex in ADHD: A coordinated analysis of large-scale clinical and population-based samples

Author

Hoogman, M., Muetzel, R., Guimaraes, J.P., Shumskaya, E., Mennes, M., Zwiers, M.P., Jahanshad, N., Sudre, G., Wolfers, T., Earl, E.A., oliva Vila, J.C. S, Vives-Gilabert, Y., Khadka, S., Novotny, S.E., Hartman, Catharina, Heslenfeld, D.J., Schweren, L.J., Ambrosino, S., Oranje, B., Zeeuw, P. de, Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Rosa, P.G., Zanetti, M.V., Malpas, C.B., Kohls, G., Polier, G.G. von, Seitz, J., Biederman, J., Doyle, A.E., Dale, A.M., Erp, T.G. van, Epstein, J.N., Jernigan, T.L., Baur-Streubel, R., Ziegler, G.C., Zierhut, K.C., Schrantee, A., Hovik, M.F., Lundervold, A.J., Kelly, C., McCarthy, H., Skokauskas, N., O'Gorman Tuura, R.L., Calvo, A., Lera-Miguel, S., Nicolau, R., Chantiluke, K.C., Christakou, A., Vance, A., Cercignani, M., Gabel, M.C., Asherson, P., Baumeister, S., Brandeis, D., Hohmann, S., Bramati, I.E., Tovar-Moll, F., Fallgatter, A.J., Kardatzki, B., Schwarz, L., Anikin, A., Baranov, A., Gogberashvili, T., Kapilushniy, D., Solovieva, A., Marroun, H. El, White, T., Karkashadze, G., Namazova-Baranova, L., Ethofer, T., Mattos, P., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Plessen, K.J., Kuntsi, J., Mehta, M.A., Paloyelis, Y., Harrison, N.A., Bellgrove, M.A., Silk, T.J., Cubillo, A.I., Rubia, K., Lazaro, L., Brem, S., Walitza, S., Frodl, T., Zentis, M., Castellanos, F.X., Yoncheva, Y.N., Haavik, J., Reneman, L., Conzelmann, A., Lesch, K.P., Pauli, P., Reif, A., Tamm, L., Konrad, K., Oberwelland Weiss, E., Busatto, G.F., Louza, M.R., Durston, S., Hoekstra, P.J., Oosterlaan, J., Stevens, M.C., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Vilarroya, O., Fair, D.A., Nigg, J.T., Thompson, P.M., Buitelaar, J.K., Faraone, S.V, Shaw, P., Tiemeier, H., Bralten, J., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Muetzel, R., Guimaraes, J.P., Shumskaya, E., Mennes, M., Zwiers, M.P., Jahanshad, N., Sudre, G., Wolfers, T., Earl, E.A., oliva Vila, J.C. S, Vives-Gilabert, Y., Khadka, S., Novotny, S.E., Hartman, Catharina, Heslenfeld, D.J., Schweren, L.J., Ambrosino, S., Oranje, B., Zeeuw, P. de, Chaim-Avancini, T.M., Rosa, P.G., Zanetti, M.V., Malpas, C.B., Kohls, G., Polier, G.G. von, Seitz, J., Biederman, J., Doyle, A.E., Dale, A.M., Erp, T.G. van, Epstein, J.N., Jernigan, T.L., Baur-Streubel, R., Ziegler, G.C., Zierhut, K.C., Schrantee, A., Hovik, M.F., Lundervold, A.J., Kelly, C., McCarthy, H., Skokauskas, N., O'Gorman Tuura, R.L., Calvo, A., Lera-Miguel, S., Nicolau, R., Chantiluke, K.C., Christakou, A., Vance, A., Cercignani, M., Gabel, M.C., Asherson, P., Baumeister, S., Brandeis, D., Hohmann, S., Bramati, I.E., Tovar-Moll, F., Fallgatter, A.J., Kardatzki, B., Schwarz, L., Anikin, A., Baranov, A., Gogberashvili, T., Kapilushniy, D., Solovieva, A., Marroun, H. El, White, T., Karkashadze, G., Namazova-Baranova, L., Ethofer, T., Mattos, P., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Plessen, K.J., Kuntsi, J., Mehta, M.A., Paloyelis, Y., Harrison, N.A., Bellgrove, M.A., Silk, T.J., Cubillo, A.I., Rubia, K., Lazaro, L., Brem, S., Walitza, S., Frodl, T., Zentis, M., Castellanos, F.X., Yoncheva, Y.N., Haavik, J., Reneman, L., Conzelmann, A., Lesch, K.P., Pauli, P., Reif, A., Tamm, L., Konrad, K., Oberwelland Weiss, E., Busatto, G.F., Louza, M.R., Durston, S., Hoekstra, P.J., Oosterlaan, J., Stevens, M.C., Ramos-Quiroga, J.A., Vilarroya, O., Fair, D.A., Nigg, J.T., Thompson, P.M., Buitelaar, J.K., Faraone, S.V, Shaw, P., Tiemeier, H., Bralten, J., and Franke, B.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 204879.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access) Contains fulltext : 204879pos.pdf (postprint version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies. METHODS: Cortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2,246) and control subjects (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD, a consortium of 36 centers. To assess familial effects on cortical measures, case subjects, unaffected siblings, and control subjects in the NeuroIMAGE study (N=506) were compared. Associations of the attention scale from the Child Behavior Checklist with cortical measures were determined in a pediatric population sample (Generation-R, N=2,707). RESULTS: In the ENIGMA-ADHD sample, lower surface area values were found in children with ADHD, mainly in frontal, cingulate, and temporal regions; the largest significant effect was for total surface area (Cohen's d=-0.21). Fusiform gyrus and temporal pole cortical thickness was also lower in children with ADHD. Neither surface area nor thickness differences were found in the adolescent or adult groups. Familial effects were seen for surface area in several regions. In an overlapping set of regions, surface area, but not thickness, was associated with attention problems in the Generation-R sample. CONCLUSIONS: Subtle differences in cortical surface area are widespread in children but not adolescents and adults with ADHD, confirming involvement of the frontal cortex and highlighting regions deserving further attention. Notably, the alterations behave like endophenotypes in families and are linked to ADHD symptoms in the population, extending evidence that ADHD behaves as a continuous trait in the population. Future longitudinal studies should clarify individual lifespan trajectories that lead to nons

Published
2019

32. An Empirical Comparison of Meta- and Mega-Analysis With Data From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group

Author

Boedhoe, PSW, Heymans, MW, Schmaal, L, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anticevic, A, Arnold, PD, Batistuzzo, MC, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Calvo, A, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KLK, Ciullo, V, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouches, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Gruner, P, Henna, GL, Hibar, DP, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Jahanshad, N, James, A, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Lochner, C, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Morer, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nishida, S, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Reddy, YCJ, Reess, TJ, Sakai, Y, Sato, JP, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stevens, MC, Szeszkos, PP, Tolin, DF, van Wingen, GA, Venkatasubramanian, G, Walitza, S, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, van den Heuvel, OA, Twisk, JWR, Boedhoe, PSW, Heymans, MW, Schmaal, L, Abe, Y, Alonso, P, Ameis, SH, Anticevic, A, Arnold, PD, Batistuzzo, MC, Benedetti, F, Beucke, JC, Bollettini, I, Bose, A, Brem, S, Calvo, A, Calvo, R, Cheng, Y, Cho, KLK, Ciullo, V, Dallaspezia, S, Denys, D, Feusner, JD, Fitzgerald, KD, Fouches, J-P, Fridgeirsson, EA, Gruner, P, Henna, GL, Hibar, DP, Hoexter, MQ, Hu, H, Huyser, C, Jahanshad, N, James, A, Kathmann, N, Kaufmann, C, Koch, K, Kwon, JS, Lazaro, L, Lochner, C, Marsh, R, Martinez-Zalacain, I, Mataix-Cols, D, Menchon, JM, Minuzzi, L, Morer, A, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswamy, JC, Nishida, S, Nurmi, EL, O'Neill, J, Piacentini, J, Piras, F, Reddy, YCJ, Reess, TJ, Sakai, Y, Sato, JP, Simpson, HB, Soreni, N, Soriano-Mas, C, Spalletta, G, Stevens, MC, Szeszkos, PP, Tolin, DF, van Wingen, GA, Venkatasubramanian, G, Walitza, S, Wang, Z, Yun, J-Y, Thompson, PM, Stein, DJ, van den Heuvel, OA, and Twisk, JWR

Abstract

Objective: Brain imaging communities focusing on different diseases have increasingly started to collaborate and to pool data to perform well-powered meta- and mega-analyses. Some methodologists claim that a one-stage individual-participant data (IPD) mega-analysis can be superior to a two-stage aggregated data meta-analysis, since more detailed computations can be performed in a mega-analysis. Before definitive conclusions regarding the performance of either method can be drawn, it is necessary to critically evaluate the methodology of, and results obtained by, meta- and mega-analyses. Methods: Here, we compare the inverse variance weighted random-effect meta-analysis model with a multiple linear regression mega-analysis model, as well as with a linear mixed-effects random-intercept mega-analysis model, using data from 38 cohorts including 3,665 participants of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium. We assessed the effect sizes and standard errors, and the fit of the models, to evaluate the performance of the different methods. Results: The mega-analytical models showed lower standard errors and narrower confidence intervals than the meta-analysis. Similar standard errors and confidence intervals were found for the linear regression and linear mixed-effects random-intercept models. Moreover, the linear mixed-effects random-intercept models showed better fit indices compared to linear regression mega-analytical models. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that results obtained by meta- and mega-analysis differ, in favor of the latter. In multi-center studies with a moderate amount of variation between cohorts, a linear mixed-effects random-intercept mega-analytical framework appears to be the better approach to investigate structural neuroimaging data.

Published
2019

34. Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA consortium

Author

Kong, XZ, Mathias, SR, Guadalupe, T, Abé, C, Agartz, I, Akudjedu, TN, Aleman, A, Alhusaini, S, Allen, NB, Ames, D, Andreassen, OA, Vasquez, AA, Armstrong, NJ, Bergo, F, Bastin, ME, Batalla, A, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Baur-Streubel, R, Biederman, J, Blaine, SK, Boedhoe, P, Bøen, E, Bose, A, Bralten, J, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Brodaty, H, Yüksel, D, Brooks, SJ, Buitelaar, J, Bürger, C, Bülow, R, Calhoun, V, Calvo, A, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Canive, JM, Cannon, DM, Caparelli, EC, Castellanos, FX, Cavalleri, GL, Cendes, F, Chaim-Avancini, TM, Chantiluke, K, Chen, QL, Chen, X, Cheng, Y, Christakou, A, Clark, VP, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Córdova-Palomera, A, Cousijn, J, Crow, T, Cubillo, A, Dale, A, Dannlowski, U, De Bruttopilo, SA, De Zeeuw, P, Deary, IJ, Delanty, N, Demeter, DV, Di Martino, A, and Dickie, EW

Abstract

© 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (n = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018

35. Electrically pumped graphene-based Landau-level laser

Author

Brem, S., Wendler, F., Winnerl, S., Malic, E., Brem, S., Wendler, F., Winnerl, S., and Malic, E.

Abstract

Graphene exhibits a nonequidistant Landau quantization with tunable Landau-level (LL) transitions in the technologically desired terahertz spectral range. Here, we present a strategy for an electrically driven terahertz laser based on Landau-quantized graphene as the gain medium. Performing microscopic modeling of the coupled electron, phonon, and photon dynamics in such a laser, we reveal that an inter-LL population inversion can be achieved resulting in the emission of coherent terahertz radiation. The presented paper provides a concrete recipe for the experimental realization of tunable graphene-based terahertz laser systems.

Published
2018

36. Does Greater Low Frequency EEG Activity in Normal Immaturity and in Children with Epilepsy Arise in the Same Neuronal Network?

Author

Michels, L., Bucher, K., Brem, S., Halder, P., Lüchinger, R., Liechti, M., Martin, E., Jeanmonod, D., Kröll, J., Brandeis, D., Michels, L., Bucher, K., Brem, S., Halder, P., Lüchinger, R., Liechti, M., Martin, E., Jeanmonod, D., Kröll, J., and Brandeis, D.

Abstract

Greater low frequency power (<8Hz) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) at rest is normal in the immature developing brain of children when compared to adults. Children with epilepsy also have greater low frequency interictal resting EEG activity. Whether these power elevations reflect brain immaturity due to a developmental lag or the underlying epileptic pathophysiology is unclear. The present study addresses this question by analyzing spectral EEG topographies and sources for normally developing children and children with epilepsy. We first compared the resting EEG of healthy children to that of healthy adults to isolate effects related to normal brain immaturity. Next, we compared the EEG from 10 children with generalized cryptogenic epilepsy to the EEG of 24 healthy children to isolate effects related to epilepsy. Spectral analysis revealed that global low (delta: 1-3Hz, theta: 4-7Hz), medium (alpha: 8-12Hz) and high (beta: 13-25Hz) frequency EEG activity was greater in children without epilepsy compared to adults, and even further elevated for children with epilepsy. Topographical and tomographic EEG analyses showed that normal immaturity corresponded to greater delta and theta activity at fronto-central scalp and brain regions, respectively. In contrast, the epilepsy-related activity elevations were predominantly in the alpha band at parieto-occipital electrodes and brain regions, respectively. We conclude that lower frequency activity can be a sign of normal brain immaturity or brain pathology depending on the specific topography and frequency of the oscillating neuronal network

Published
2018

37. Carrier Dynamics in Graphene: Ultrafast Many-Particle Phenomena

Author

Malic, E., Winzer, T., Wendler, F., Brem, S., Jago, R., Knorr, A., Mittendorff, M., König-Otto, J. C., Plötzing, T., Neumaier, D., Schneider, H., Helm, M., and Winnerl, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, spectroscopy, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), graphene, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, carrier dynamics, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract

Graphene is an ideal material to study fundamental Coulomb- and phonon-induced carrier scattering processes. Its remarkable gapless and linear band structure opens up new carrier relaxation channels. In particular, Auger scattering bridging the valence and the conduction band changes the number of charge carriers and gives rise to a significant carrier multiplication - an ultrafast many-particle phenomenon that is promising for the design of highly efficient photodetectors. Furthermore, the vanishing density of states at the Dirac point combined with ultrafast phonon-induced intraband scattering results in an accumulation of carriers and a population inversion suggesting the design of graphene-based terahertz lasers. Here, we review our work on the ultrafast carrier dynamics in graphene and Landau-quantized graphene is presented providing a microscopic view on the appearance of carrier multiplication and population inversion., 17 pages, 10 figures

Published
2017

40. Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex

Author

Guadalupe, T, Mathias, SR, vanErp, TGM, Whelan, CD, Zwiers, MP, Abe, Y, Abramovic, L, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Arias-Vásquez, A, Aribisala, BS, Armstrong, NJ, Arolt, V, Artiges, E, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Baboyan, VG, Banaschewski, T, Barker, G, Bastin, ME, Baune, BT, Blangero, J, Bokde, ALW, Boedhoe, PSW, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brodaty, H, Bromberg, U, Brooks, S, Büchel, C, Buitelaar, J, Calhoun, VD, Cannon, DM, Cattrell, A, Cheng, Y, Conrod, PJ, Conzelmann, A, Corvin, A, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crivello, F, Dannlowski, U, de Zubicaray, GI, de Zwarte, SMC, Deary, IJ, Desrivières, S, Doan, NT, Donohoe, G, Dørum, ES, Ehrlich, S, Espeseth, T, Fernández, G, Flor, H, Fouche, J-P, Frouin, V, Fukunaga, M, Gallinat, J, Garavan, H, Gill, M, Suarez, AG, Gowland, P, Grabe, HJ, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Hagenaars, S, Hashimoto, R, Hauser, TU, Heinz, A, Hibar, DP, Hoekstra, PJ, Hoogman, M, Howells, FM, Hu, H, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Huyser, C, Ittermann, B, Jahanshad, N, Jönsson, EG, Jurk, S, Kahn, RS, Kelly, S, Kraemer, B, Kugel, H, Kwon, JS, Lemaitre, H, Lesch, K-P, Lochner, C, Luciano, M, Marquand, AF, Martin, NG, Martínez-Zalacaín, I, Martinot, J-L, Mataix-Cols, D, Mather, K, McDonald, C, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Menchón, JM, Morris, DW, Mothersill, O, Maniega, SM, Mwangi, B, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswaamy, JC, Nees, F, Nordvik, JE, Onnink, AMH, Opel, N, Ophoff, R, Paillère Martinot, M-L, Papadopoulos Orfanos, D, Pauli, P, Paus, T, Poustka, L, Reddy, JY, Renteria, ME, Roiz-Santiáñez, R, Roos, A, Royle, NA, Sachdev, P, Sánchez-Juan, P, Schmaal, L, Schumann, G, Shumskaya, E, Smolka, MN, Soares, JC, Soriano-Mas, C, Stein, DJ, Strike, LT, Toro, R, Turner, JA, Tzourio-Mazoyer, N, Uhlmann, A, Hernández, MV, van den Heuvel, OA, van der Meer, D, van Haren, NEM, Veltman, DJ, Venkatasubramanian, G, Vetter, NC, Vuletic, D, Walitza, S, Walter, H, Walton, E, Wang, Z, Wardlaw, J, Wen, W, Westlye, LT, Whelan, R, Wittfeld, K, Wolfers, T, Wright, MJ, Xu, J, Xu, X, Yun, J-Y, Zhao, J, Franke, B, Thompson, PM, Glahn, DC, Mazoyer, B, Fisher, SE, Francks, C, Guadalupe, T, Mathias, SR, vanErp, TGM, Whelan, CD, Zwiers, MP, Abe, Y, Abramovic, L, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Arias-Vásquez, A, Aribisala, BS, Armstrong, NJ, Arolt, V, Artiges, E, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Baboyan, VG, Banaschewski, T, Barker, G, Bastin, ME, Baune, BT, Blangero, J, Bokde, ALW, Boedhoe, PSW, Bose, A, Brem, S, Brodaty, H, Bromberg, U, Brooks, S, Büchel, C, Buitelaar, J, Calhoun, VD, Cannon, DM, Cattrell, A, Cheng, Y, Conrod, PJ, Conzelmann, A, Corvin, A, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crivello, F, Dannlowski, U, de Zubicaray, GI, de Zwarte, SMC, Deary, IJ, Desrivières, S, Doan, NT, Donohoe, G, Dørum, ES, Ehrlich, S, Espeseth, T, Fernández, G, Flor, H, Fouche, J-P, Frouin, V, Fukunaga, M, Gallinat, J, Garavan, H, Gill, M, Suarez, AG, Gowland, P, Grabe, HJ, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Hagenaars, S, Hashimoto, R, Hauser, TU, Heinz, A, Hibar, DP, Hoekstra, PJ, Hoogman, M, Howells, FM, Hu, H, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Huyser, C, Ittermann, B, Jahanshad, N, Jönsson, EG, Jurk, S, Kahn, RS, Kelly, S, Kraemer, B, Kugel, H, Kwon, JS, Lemaitre, H, Lesch, K-P, Lochner, C, Luciano, M, Marquand, AF, Martin, NG, Martínez-Zalacaín, I, Martinot, J-L, Mataix-Cols, D, Mather, K, McDonald, C, McMahon, KL, Medland, SE, Menchón, JM, Morris, DW, Mothersill, O, Maniega, SM, Mwangi, B, Nakamae, T, Nakao, T, Narayanaswaamy, JC, Nees, F, Nordvik, JE, Onnink, AMH, Opel, N, Ophoff, R, Paillère Martinot, M-L, Papadopoulos Orfanos, D, Pauli, P, Paus, T, Poustka, L, Reddy, JY, Renteria, ME, Roiz-Santiáñez, R, Roos, A, Royle, NA, Sachdev, P, Sánchez-Juan, P, Schmaal, L, Schumann, G, Shumskaya, E, Smolka, MN, Soares, JC, Soriano-Mas, C, Stein, DJ, Strike, LT, Toro, R, Turner, JA, Tzourio-Mazoyer, N, Uhlmann, A, Hernández, MV, van den Heuvel, OA, van der Meer, D, van Haren, NEM, Veltman, DJ, Venkatasubramanian, G, Vetter, NC, Vuletic, D, Walitza, S, Walter, H, Walton, E, Wang, Z, Wardlaw, J, Wen, W, Westlye, LT, Whelan, R, Wittfeld, K, Wolfers, T, Wright, MJ, Xu, J, Xu, X, Yun, J-Y, Zhao, J, Franke, B, Thompson, PM, Glahn, DC, Mazoyer, B, Fisher, SE, and Francks, C

Abstract

The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.

Published
2017

41. Symmetry-Breaking Supercollisions in Landau-Quantized Graphene

Author

Wendler, F., Mittendorff, M., König-Otto, J. C., Brem, S., Berger, C., Heer, W. A., Böttger, R., Schneider, H., Helm, M., Winnerl, S., Malic, E., Wendler, F., Mittendorff, M., König-Otto, J. C., Brem, S., Berger, C., Heer, W. A., Böttger, R., Schneider, H., Helm, M., Winnerl, S., and Malic, E.

Abstract

Recent pump-probe experiments performed on graphene in a perpendicular magnetic field have revealed carrier relaxation times ranging from picoseconds to nanoseconds depending on the quality of the sample. To explain this surprising behavior, we propose a novel symmetry-breaking defect-assisted relaxation channel. This enables scattering of electrons with single out-of-plane phonons, which drastically accelerate the carrier scattering time in low-quality samples. The gained insights provide a strategy for tuning the carrier relaxation time in graphene and related materials by orders of magnitude.

Published
2017

42. Carrier Dynamics in Graphene: Ultrafast Many-Particle Phenomena

Author

Malic, E., primary, Winzer, T., additional, Wendler, F., additional, Brem, S., additional, Jago, R., additional, Knorr, A., additional, Mittendorff, M., additional, König-Otto, J. C., additional, Plötzing, T., additional, Neumaier, D., additional, Schneider, H., additional, Helm, M., additional, and Winnerl, S., additional

Published
2017
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44. Swiss graphogame: concept and design presentation of a computerised reading intervention for children with high risk for poor reading outcomes

Author

Röthlisberger, M., Karipidis, I. I., Pleisch, G., Volker Dellwo, Richardson, U., Brem, S., and University of Zurich

Subjects
1712 Software, 1709 Human-Computer Interaction, 610 Medicine & health, 1711 Signal Processing, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1203 Language and Linguistics, 2611 Modeling and Simulation
Published
2015

45. POSITIVE PCR FOR LEPTOSPIRA SPP. IN A SOW FROM A GERMAN HERD PRESENTING ANIMALS WITH MAT TITRES FOR LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR BRATISLAVA

Author

Schönberg, A., Ortmann, G., Reetz, J., Luge, E., Richtzenhain, L.J., Cortez, A., Vasconcellos, S.A., and Brem, S.

Subjects
sorologia, PCR, suínos, serology, Leptospirosis, swine, genital tract, Leptospirose, General Medicine, trato genital
Abstract

Reports based on serological data indicate Leptospira (L.) interrogans serovar Bratislava infection in pigs in parts of Germany and other countries. Two sows of a pig breeding herd located in Germany and which showed titres of 200 and 800 against L. interrogans serovar Bratislava in MAT were followed up under experimental conditions with microbiological and PCR methods for detection of leptospires. Cultures of urine and organs were negative for leptospires in both pigs. The PCR was also negative in all samples of one pig, but was positive in samples from uterus, oviduct and ovary of the other animal. The histological investigation of the kidneys from this pig showed an interstitial glomerulonephritis. The positive results of the PCR demonstrated the tropism of leptospires for the genital tract. This fact may be responsible for more unexpected abortion and infertility in pig breeding herds. RESUMO Inquéritos sorológicos indicaram a presença de infecção por Leptospira interrogans sorovar Bratislava em partes da Alemanha e em outros países do mundo. Duas porcas de uma criação de suínos da Alemanha que apresentaram títulos de 200 e 800 para L. interrogans sorovar Bratislava no teste da soroaglutinação micoscópica (SAM) foram monitoradas em condições experimentais com o emprego de métodos microbiológicos e moleculares (PCR) para a detecção de leptospira. Os cultivos de urina e órgãos foram negativos para leptospiras nos dois animais. A PCR também foi negativa em todas as amostras de uma das porcas, porém foi positiva em amostras de útero, oviduto e ovário do outro animal. As investigações histológicas dos rins desta porca apresentaram lesões de glomerulonefrite intersticial. Os resultados positivos da PCR demonstraram o tropismo das leptospiras para o trato genital. Este fato pode ser responsável por transtornos reprodutivos como abortamentos e infertilidades nos rebanhos.

Published
2005

46. Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex

Author

Guadalupe, T., Mathias, S.R., vanErp, T.G.M., Whelan, C.D., Zwiers, M.P., Abe, Y., Abramovic, L., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O.A., Arias-Vasquez, A., Aribisala, B.S., Armstrong, N.J., Arolt, V., Artiges, E., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Baboyan, V.G., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G., Bastin, M.E., Baune, B.T., Blangero, J., Bokde, A.L.W., Boedhoe, P.S.W., Bose, A., Brem, S., Brodaty, H., Bromberg, U., Brooks, S., Büchel, C., Buitelaar, J., Calhoun, V.D., Cannon, D.M., Cattrell, A., Cheng, Y., Conrod, P.J., Conzelmann, A., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Crivello, F., Dannlowski, U., de Zubicaray, G.I., de Zwarte, S.M.C., Deary, I.J., Desrivières, S., Doan, N.T., Donohoe, G., Dørum, E.S., Ehrlich, S., Espeseth, T., Fernández, G., Flor, H., Fouche, J-P, Frouin, V., Fukunaga, M., Gallinat, J., Garavan, H., Gill, M., Suarez, A.G., Gowland, P., Grabe, H.J., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Hagenaars, S., Hashimoto, R., Hauser, T.U., Heinz, A., Hibar, D.P., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoogman, M., Howells, F.M., Hu, H., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Huyser, C., Ittermann, B., Jahanshad, N., Jönsson, E.G., Jurk, S., Kahn, R.S., Kelly, S., Kraemer, B., Kugel, H., Kwon, J.S., Lemaitre, H., Lesch, K-P, Lochner, C., Luciano, M., Marquand, A.F., Martin, N.G., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Martinot, J-L, Mataix-Cols, D., Mather, K., McDonald, C., McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E., Menchón, J.M., Morris, D.W., Mothersill, O., Maniega, S.M., Mwangi, B., Nakamae, T., Nakao, T., Narayanaswaamy, J.C., Nees, F., Nordvik, J.E., Onnink, A.M.H., Opel, N., Ophoff, R., Paillère Martinot, M-L, Papadopoulos Orfanos, D., Pauli, P., Paus, T., Poustka, L., Reddy, J.YC., Renteria, M.E., Roiz-Santiáñez, R., Roos, A., Royle, N.A., Sachdev, P., Sánchez-Juan, P., Schmaal, L., Schumann, G., Shumskaya, E., Smolka, M.N., Soares, J.C., Soriano-Mas, C., Stein, D.J., Strike, L.T., Toro, R., Turner, J.A., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Uhlmann, A., Hernández, M.V., van den Heuvel, O.A., van der Meer, D., van Haren, N.E.M ., Veltman, D.J., Venkatasubramanian, G., Vetter, N.C., Vuletic, D., Walitza, S., Walter, H., Walton, E., Wang, Z., Wardlaw, J., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, R., Wittfeld, K., Wolfers, T., Wright, M.J., Xu, J., Xu, X., Yun, J-Y, Zhao, J.J., Franke, B., Thompson, P.M., Glahn, D.C., Mazoyer, B., Fisher, S.E., Francks, C., Guadalupe, T., Mathias, S.R., vanErp, T.G.M., Whelan, C.D., Zwiers, M.P., Abe, Y., Abramovic, L., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O.A., Arias-Vasquez, A., Aribisala, B.S., Armstrong, N.J., Arolt, V., Artiges, E., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Baboyan, V.G., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G., Bastin, M.E., Baune, B.T., Blangero, J., Bokde, A.L.W., Boedhoe, P.S.W., Bose, A., Brem, S., Brodaty, H., Bromberg, U., Brooks, S., Büchel, C., Buitelaar, J., Calhoun, V.D., Cannon, D.M., Cattrell, A., Cheng, Y., Conrod, P.J., Conzelmann, A., Corvin, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Crivello, F., Dannlowski, U., de Zubicaray, G.I., de Zwarte, S.M.C., Deary, I.J., Desrivières, S., Doan, N.T., Donohoe, G., Dørum, E.S., Ehrlich, S., Espeseth, T., Fernández, G., Flor, H., Fouche, J-P, Frouin, V., Fukunaga, M., Gallinat, J., Garavan, H., Gill, M., Suarez, A.G., Gowland, P., Grabe, H.J., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Hagenaars, S., Hashimoto, R., Hauser, T.U., Heinz, A., Hibar, D.P., Hoekstra, P.J., Hoogman, M., Howells, F.M., Hu, H., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Huyser, C., Ittermann, B., Jahanshad, N., Jönsson, E.G., Jurk, S., Kahn, R.S., Kelly, S., Kraemer, B., Kugel, H., Kwon, J.S., Lemaitre, H., Lesch, K-P, Lochner, C., Luciano, M., Marquand, A.F., Martin, N.G., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Martinot, J-L, Mataix-Cols, D., Mather, K., McDonald, C., McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E., Menchón, J.M., Morris, D.W., Mothersill, O., Maniega, S.M., Mwangi, B., Nakamae, T., Nakao, T., Narayanaswaamy, J.C., Nees, F., Nordvik, J.E., Onnink, A.M.H., Opel, N., Ophoff, R., Paillère Martinot, M-L, Papadopoulos Orfanos, D., Pauli, P., Paus, T., Poustka, L., Reddy, J.YC., Renteria, M.E., Roiz-Santiáñez, R., Roos, A., Royle, N.A., Sachdev, P., Sánchez-Juan, P., Schmaal, L., Schumann, G., Shumskaya, E., Smolka, M.N., Soares, J.C., Soriano-Mas, C., Stein, D.J., Strike, L.T., Toro, R., Turner, J.A., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Uhlmann, A., Hernández, M.V., van den Heuvel, O.A., van der Meer, D., van Haren, N.E.M ., Veltman, D.J., Venkatasubramanian, G., Vetter, N.C., Vuletic, D., Walitza, S., Walter, H., Walton, E., Wang, Z., Wardlaw, J., Wen, W., Westlye, L.T., Whelan, R., Wittfeld, K., Wolfers, T., Wright, M.J., Xu, J., Xu, X., Yun, J-Y, Zhao, J.J., Franke, B., Thompson, P.M., Glahn, D.C., Mazoyer, B., Fisher, S.E., and Francks, C.

Abstract

The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.

Published
2016

48. Brain sensitivity to print emerges when children learn letter-speech sound correspondences

Author

Brem, S, Bach, S, Kucian, K, Guttorm, T K, Martin, E, Lyytinen, H, Brandeis, D, Richardson, U, University of Zurich, and Brem, S

Subjects
1000 Multidisciplinary, 10036 Medical Clinic, 10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Published
2010

49. The development of print tuning in children with dyslexia: Evidence from longitudinal ERP data supported by fMRI

Author

Maurer, U, Schulz, E, Brem, S, van der Mark, S, Bucher, K, Martin, E, Brandeis, D, University of Zurich, and Maurer, U

Subjects
2805 Cognitive Neuroscience, 10036 Medical Clinic, 10093 Institute of Psychology, 10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 2808 Neurology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 150 Psychology
Published
2011
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50. The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia

Author

van der Mark, S, Klaver, P, Bucher, K, Maurer, U, Schulz, E, Brem, S, Martin, E, Brandeis, D, University of Zurich, and Brandeis, D

Subjects
2805 Cognitive Neuroscience, 10036 Medical Clinic, 10093 Institute of Psychology, 10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 2808 Neurology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 11359 Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 150 Psychology
Published
2011
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