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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder, and respiratory exercise is considered a nonsurgical management method. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the results of randomized controlled trials on the effect of respiratory training in reducing LBP and its dose relationship. Methods: The present study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (2020). Relevant studies were searched in multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wan Fang and China Knowledge Network, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar, using a combination of MeSH/Emtree terms and free-text words. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results: A total of 14 publications were included in the meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 698 individuals, aged 60–80 years. Respiratory exercise was effective in relieving LBP (standardized mean difference = −0.87, P <.00001) and improving physical disability (standardized mean difference = −0.79, P <.00001). The type of breathing and the total duration of breathing exercises were found to be the source of heterogeneity in this study by subgroup analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed that the most significant effect sizes of breathing resistance exercise to reduce LBP and the most significant effect sizes of breathing relaxation techniques to alleviate physical disability were performed 3 to 5 times per week and period >4 weeks. Respiratory exercise reducing LBP and improving functional disability was most effective when the total duration of the intervention was >500 minutes. Funnel plots showed that the results of the 2 overall studies were reliable without publication bias. Conclusions: Respiratory exercise can effectively reduce LBP and improve physical disability. Therefore, these exercises can be regarded as a part of a LBP management plan. We recommend an exercise program with 30 to 50 minutes, 3 to 5 times per week, and >4 weeks of breathing resistance exercise program as the most effective for treating LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and debilitating condition among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is more prevalent among women. Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated the effects of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) as a treatment for UI in people with MS. MS negatively impacts pulmonary function even in the early stages of the disease and people with MS may experience respiratory muscle weakness. Considering the synergy between the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and respiratory muscles, this trial will evaluate the effects of PFMT and breathing exercises on PFM activity and strength, diaphragm activity, and urinary symptoms in women with MS who experience UI. Methods: Fifty women with MS and UI will participate in this parallel randomized controlled trial, comprising 32 treatment sessions. The intervention group consists of PFMT and breathing exercises, and the control group includes PFMT. The severity of UI symptoms, PFM activity, diaphragm activity, and PFM strength will be evaluated using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Urinary Incontinence Short Form, ultrasound imaging, and modified Oxford grading scale, respectively before and after the intervention. Discussion: The current trial is designed to examine the effects of a combined exercise program for UI in women with MS. It is hypothesized that using breathing exercises in conjunction with PFM exercises will improve patient symptoms compared to PFMT alone. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with code IRCT20180916041051N3 and was approved on 23 May 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Pre-hypertensive women are significantly more likely to develop hypertension or serious cardiovascular disease (CV). Autonomic nervous system abnormalities, such as sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal, are most likely the earliest functional changes in hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breathing exercises with biofeedback on blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and skin galvanic response (SGR). Methods Thirty middle-aged women with pre-hypertension (120/80–139/89 mm Hg) were recruited from Ain Shams University. They were divided randomly into two equal groups, with ages ranging from 30 to 40: study group (group A) who performed slow abdominal breathing (six cycles/minute) combined with frontal electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training (3 days per week for 10 sessions) and a control group (group B) who performed slow abdominal breathing (six cycles/minute, 3 days per week for 10 sessions). All subjects were assessed by measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HRV, RR, and SGR levels before and after the intervention. Results SBP, DBP, RR, and SGR mean values showed a statistically significant decline; however, Group A’s HRV post-treatment increased significantly compared to pre-treatment ( p = 0.001). In Group B, there was no significant difference in DBP or SGR; however, there was a substantial drop in SBP and HRV ( p = 0.001) and a significant rise in RR ( p = 0.001). Following therapy, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of DBP, HRV, RR, and SGR ( p = 0.001), favouring group A. Conclusions As a result, it is possible to infer that breathing exercises combined with biofeedback were beneficial in lowering BP in middle-aged pre-hypertensive women.

Background: Patients undergoing heart surgery experienced postoperative pulmonary problems which can result in increased hospital stay. This literature analysis aims to ascertain whether breathing exercise training before surgery improves postoperative outcomes for patients having heart surgery. Methodology: Cochrane Clinical Answers and Cochrane Database are all extensively searched. Studies that looked at adult patients censured for elective procedures are considered. Heart surgery patients participated in a preoperative breathing exercise program designed to enhance their breathing abilities, avoid pulmonary issues after surgery, and shorten their hospital stay. Results: For heart surgery patients, a preoperative breathing intervention may assist shorten hospital stays. And with intervention preoperative breathing exercises can reduce this to 5 to 7 days, potentially shortening hospital stays by 2 to 3 days., minimize postoperative pulmonary problems without intervention postoperative pulmonary complications can affect 15-30% of patients, with reductions of 20-30% while with intervention the decline in FEV1 and FVC can be minimized to 10-15%, indicating better preservation of lung function following surgery. Conclusions: Patients who received preoperative diaphragmatic breathing exercises considerably improved respiratory function and reduced length of hospital stay, which are more effective in (CABG) surgery.

Background: For over 50 years, music therapy and breathing exercises have been widely utilized as interventions to help individuals cope with fatigue, stress and pain globally. Aim: To analyse the effects of music and breathing exercises on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Study Design: This is a single‐blind, randomized controlled trial. The sample comprised 165 patients: 55 in the control group, 55 in the breathing exercise group and 55 in the music therapy group. Patients in the music group listened to music during angiography, those in the breathing exercise group practised exercises 30 min before the procedure and the control group received standard treatment. Anxiety levels were assessed before and after the procedure, and pain levels were measured post‐procedure. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist for reporting randomized trials was used to guide reporting. Results: Anxiety scores rose significantly in the control group from 33.9 ± 4.2 pre‐angiography to 37.7 ± 4.9 post‐angiography. Conversely, the breathing group's anxiety scores decreased from 34.3 ± 3.5 before angiography to 31.7 ± 1.5 after angiography, and the music group exhibited a reduction from 32.3 ± 3.6 to 30.8 ± 1.6. Post‐angiography, the control group reported a mean pain score of 64 ± 0.8 mm, while the breathing and music groups had significantly lower scores of 35 ± 0.6 and 29 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference in pain scores between the intervention and control groups. Conclusions: This study provides support for the beneficial effects of employing breathing exercises and music in alleviating pain and anxiety during coronary angiography procedures. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Integrating these findings into clinical practice could be significant for improving patients' pain experiences and anxiety, enhancing the tolerance of invasive medical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pre-hypertensive women are significantly more likely to develop hypertension or serious cardiovascular disease (CV). Autonomic nervous system abnormalities, such as sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal, are most likely the earliest functional changes in hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breathing exercises with biofeedback on blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and skin galvanic response (SGR). Methods. Thirty middle-aged women with pre-hypertension (120/80-139/89 mm Hg) were recruited from Ain Shams University. They were divided randomly into two equal groups, with ages ranging from 30 to 40: study group (group A) who performed slow abdominal breathing (six cycles/minute) combined with frontal electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training (3 days per week for 10 sessions) and a control group (group B) who performed slow abdominal breathing (six cycles/minute, 3 days per week for 10 sessions). All subjects were assessed by measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HRV, RR, and SGR levels before and after the intervention. Results. SBP, DBP, RR, and SGR mean values showed a statistically significant decline; however, group A's HRV post-treatment increased significantly compared to pre-treatment (p = 0.001). In group B, there was no significant difference in DBP or SGR; however, there was a substantial drop in SBP and HRV (p = 0.001) and a significant rise in RR (p = 0.001). Following therapy, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of DBP, HRV, RR, and SGR (p = 0.001), favouring group A. Conclusions. As a result, it is possible to infer that breathing exercises combined with biofeedback were beneficial in lowering BP in middle-aged pre-hypertensive women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: When the work load of the respiratory muscles increases and/or their capacity decreases in individuals with COPD, respiratory muscle activation increases to maintain gas exchange and respiratory mechanics, and perception of dyspnea occurs. The present study aimed to compare diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscle activation during normal breathing, pursed-lip breathing, and breathing control in different dyspnea relief positions, supine and side lying. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used. Sixteen individuals with COPD age between 40-75 y were included. Pulmonary function was evaluated by spirometry, muscle activation by surface electromyography, and dyspnea by the modified Borg scale. Muscle activation was measured in the diaphragm, scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and parasternal muscles. The evaluation was made in the dyspnea relief positions (sitting leaning forward, sitting leaning forward at a table, leaning forward with back against a wall, standing leaning forward, and high lying), seated erect, supine, and side lying. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the 8 positions (P < .001). There was no significant difference in muscle activation between sitting leaning forward and sitting leaning forward at a table position with analyzing post hoc test results (P > .99 for each muscle). However, muscle activation was lower in these 2 positions than in the other positions (P < .001 for each muscle). Muscle activation was greater in the supine position than in the other positions (P < .001 for each muscle). No difference was observed in muscle activation between the seated erect, leaning forward with back against a wall, standing leaning forward, high-lying, or side-lying positions (P > .05 for each muscle with a minimum P value of .09). CONCLUSIONS: The use of sitting leaning forward and sitting leaning forward at a table positions together with breathing control may help people with COPD to achieve more effective dyspnea relief and greater energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of different intensities of Inspiratory Muscle Exercise (IME) on cardiac autonomic control during the period of post-exertion recovery in healthy adults. Thus, an experimental, controlled, and randomized study was conducted with 15 men aged from 18 to 40 years, including sedentary and healthy individuals. Participants underwent four IME sessions: a sham session, followed by sessions with 30%, 40%, and 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure. Pulse intervals were recorded using digital infrared photoplethysmography to obtain heart rate (HR) values. Measurements included HR, interbeat interval, standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD), percentage of adjacent RR intervals greater than 50ms (pNN50) (time domain), total power, power of low-frequency spectral bands (LF), and power of high-frequency spectral bands (HF) (ms²), LF and HF (n.u.), and LF/HF (frequency domain). These measures were assessed simultaneously for 10 minutes at rest and during recovery period (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). Two-way analysis of variance was used, considering a 5% significance level. We observed that RMSSD and pNN50 showed higher values compared to baseline (Time Effect: P=0.004; P0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the comparison between intensities for all HRV measures (Session Effect: p>0.05). We conclude that, regardless of the applied load, there is a similar increase in parasympathetic cardiac autonomic modulation indices in the post-IME recovery period in healthy adults.

Introduction Heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, necessitating effective rehabilitation programs. Exercise-based rehabilitation improves functional capacity and quality of life in HFrEF patients, though responses vary. The tailored BEST (Breathing, Endurance, and Strengthening) exercise protocol addresses both cardiac and extracardiac rehabilitation, benefiting all patients regardless of response status. This study evaluated the protocol's effects on HFrEF patients and classified responses based on VO2max changes. Methods In this etiologic study with prospective cohort design, all participants underwent a three-month cardiac rehabilitation program using the BEST Exercise Protocol. Assessments included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), short physical performance battery (SPPB), handgrip strength, chest expansion, ultrasonographic measurements, and NT-proBNP levels before and after the intervention, with statistical comparisons made within and between groups. Groupings of responder level will be reliant on 6MWT distance achievement at the end of the program, with ≥6% improvement classified as good responders. Results Out of 107 HFrEF patients (median age 55 years, ejection fraction 29.50±7.34%), 63.56% were good responders and 36.44% were poor responders (

This study was carried out to determine the effect of a breathing exercise during peripheral venous cathetererization on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction. Randomized Controlled Study. The study was completed with a total of 130 individuals. Individuals in the intervention group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercises during catheterization. The mean pain, anxiety, and satisfaction scores of the individuals in the intervention group were 0.29 ± 0.70, 3.18 ± 2.29, and 7.66 ± 2.20, respectively. In the control group, the mean pain score was 1.30 ± 1.47, the anxiety score was 4.35 ± 2.42, and the satisfaction score was 4.87 ± 1.63. The pain and anxiety levels of the individuals in the intervention group were lower and the satisfaction scores were higher than the control group. Breathing exercises reduced individuals' pain and anxiety levels and increased individuals' satisfaction. In addition, it reduced the application time, pulse rate, and blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with respiratory symptoms that vary over time and intensity. Exercise-induced asthma patients are advised to avoid strenuous physical activity, which can trigger bronchospasm. However, appropriate exercise can improve asthma control and lung function in stable asthma patients. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, COCHRANE, and EMBASE databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines according to the specified eligibility criteria. Those studies were critically appraised using the Oxford Critical Appraisal Tool 4.0. Four articles were selected based on the PRISMA search strategy flowchart to assess their validity, importance, and applicability. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on lung function (p-value = 0.05) and asthma control (p-value = 0.004). There was a significant effect of breathing exercise on the quality-of-life outcome group (p-value <0.05) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)% predicted (p-value <0.001). Physical exercise for 30 minutes two to three times per week or yoga exercise for 60 minutes per day for 3-5 days improves lung function and asthma control in stable asthma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder that is characterized by repetitive un-triggered seizures that occur severally within 24 h or more. Non-pharmacological methods for the management of epilepsy were discussed. The non-pharmacological methods include the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) which is subdivided into invasive and non-invasive techniques. For the non-invasive techniques, the auricular VNS, stimulation of the cervical branch of vagus nerve in the neck, manual massage of the neck, and respiratory vagal nerve stimulation were discussed. Similarly, the stimulation parameters used and the mechanisms of actions through which VNS improves seizures were also discussed. Use of VNS to reduce seizure frequency has come a long way. However, considering the cost and side effects of the invasive method, non-invasive techniques should be given a renewed attention. In particular, respiratory vagal nerve stimulation should be considered. In doing this, the patients should for instance carry out slow-deep breathing exercise 6 to 8 times every 3 h during the waking hours. Slow-deep breathing can be carried out by the patients on their own; therefore this can serve as a form of self-management. Epilepsy can interfere with the patients' ability to carry out their daily activities and ultimately affect their quality of life. Medications are used to manage epilepsy; but they often have their serious side effects. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is gaining ground especially in the management of refractory epilepsy. The VNS is administered through either the invasive or the non-invasive methods The invasive method of VNS like the medication has potential side effects, and can be costly. The non-invasive method includes auricular VNS, stimulation of the neck muscles and skin and respiratory vagal nerve stimulation via slow-deep breathing exercises. The respiratory vagal nerve stimulation via slow-deep breathing exercises seems easy to administer even by the patients themselves. Consequently, it is our opinion that patients with epilepsy be made to carry out slow-deep breathing exercise 6–8 times every 3 h during the waking hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Education Technology & Scientific Researches is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Patients diagnosed with OSA and meeting the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated in the groups. The experimental group will receive comprehensive rehabilitation, and the control group will receive myofunctional therapy. CPAP will be continued by all the participants. Both the groups will receive the interventions for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures are AHI and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and secondary outcomes are Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), Snoring Index (SI), Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion (MARM), Breath Hold Test (BHT), and Self Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire (SEBQ). The outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks. A follow-up will be taken at the end of 24 weeks. Power analysis suggests that enrollment of 118 patients will required. Repeated measures ANOVA will be used to analyze the effect of the intervention. Conclusion: By performing this research, we may develop insights on a novel comprehensive approach for treatment of patients with OSA. Trial registration: CTRI/2023/10/058486. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. Acquired pneumonia is a severe medical condition that is addressed as life-threating issue requiring intensive care. The Medical Breather device can activate and strengthen both the inspiratory and expiratory muscles, so it can be useful for patients with pneumonia. AIM. To investigate the breather effect on length of hospital stay in patients with pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty participants diagnosed with acquired pneumonia “30 women, 30 men stayed in hospital in ICU for two weeks; aged 30–40 years old” selected from chest department of Kasr Al-Aini Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Cairo University. They were randomly allocated into equal groups; Group A received respiratory training via incentive spirometer, and traditional chest physiotherapy; and Group B received respiratory training via Breather, and traditional chest physiotherapy, both received 3 session daily/2 weeks. Diaphragmatic excursion, Respiratory Distress Observation Scale, and ICU discharge were assessed before and after the treatment. RESULTS. Both groups revealed significant improvement after the treatment, while Breather group showed a high significant increase in pH 1.23 %, PaO2 11.79 %, SaO2 6.1 %, and diaphragmatic excursion by 36.97 %, also decrease in PaCO2 2.78 %, RDOS 39.06 % and NEWS2 by 50.72 % in comparison to incentive spirometer group that recorded significant increase in pH 0.68 %, PaO2 6.69 %, SaO2 by 2.66 %, and diaphragmatic excursions by 8.15 %, also significant decrease in PaCO2 12.12 %, RDOS 15.01 % and NEWS2 by 20.93 %. HCO3 revealed no significant difference post treatment (p 0.05). DISCUSSION. Breather usage in inspiratory musculatures training (IMT) gained Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (Pimax) significant improvement. IMT enforces both diaphragm and accessory respiratory musculatures. Probably functional capabilities improvements based on enhanced respiratory musculatures’ both endurance and strength that improve pulmonary oxygen uptake thus minimize dyspnea severity. Respiratory muscles training program improves not only cognitive function. Moreover, IMT could be addressed as a prime component of respiratory training in combine with expiratory one that is why whom has preserved pulmonary function. CONCLUSION. Breather as a respiratory training technique has remarkable results in reducing hospital stays in patients with acquired pneumonia, and significant positive effects on diaphragmatic function, oxygenation levels. Therefore, it is recommended to use Breather for routine acquired pneumonia care. REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: No NCT06062862; registered April 30, 2022.

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with chronic kidney failure say that they are anxious because they see the tubes flowing blood, costs that must be incurred each time undergoing therapy, anxiety because invasive procedures will be carried out, and uncertainty about recovery. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Spiritual Mindfulness Based On Breathing Exercise on the anxiety of patients on Hemodialysis. Methods: The research design uses a quasi-experiment with a pre and posts group design control. The population of all chronic kidney failure patients at A. Yani Surabaya Islamic Hospital is 70 people. The sample size is 32 respondents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The intervention group was given Spiritual Mindfulness Based On Breathing Exercises and the control group was given intervention according to hospital standards. Analysis used the Wilcoxon with a significant value of ?? < 0.05. Results: the anxiety level p-value of 0.000 in the intervention group and the control group p-value of 0.109 which means there is an effect of Spiritual Mindfulness Based On Breathing Exercises on patient anxiety on Hemodialysis. Conclusion: Spiritual Mindfulness Based On Breathing Exercise is effective in reducing anxiety in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and the technique is easy to perform.

Saad A Alhammad Department of Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Saad A Alhammad, Tel +966 11 4698638, Fax +966 11 4693715, Email shammad@ksu.edu.saAbstract: The emergence of virtual reality (VR) technologies is currently shaping the healthcare system and is now being employed in various healthcare interventions. Pulmonary rehabilitation remains one such area in which VR is currently thriving to ensure overall health and well-being. While the importance of these novel technologies is being primarily researched in pulmonary rehabilitation, especially over passive conventional breathing exercise training, there seems to be a limited number of studies that have comprehensively put together these findings. This study utilizes a scoping review methodology to review VR exercises in clinical settings related to pulmonary rehabilitation. To achieve this objective, three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) were searched using a formulated search string related to the research objective. Following the database search, a total of 236 references were retrieved and managed using the reference manager. The screening of references was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 screening process, and their quality was assessed using the JBI checklist. Ultimately, a total of eight publications of high quality were selected for inclusion in the scoping review. The results of the synthesis validate the importance of utilizing VR in the context of breathing exercise in rehabilitation. The effectiveness and rapid development of VR breathing exercises are primarily attributed to the engaging and immersive experience they provide. The use of biofeedback and self-regulation techniques into VR exercise systems was also seen to have a notable impact on the effectiveness of the breathing exercise system.Keywords: virtual reality, breathing exercise, pulmonary rehabilitation, biofeedback, respiratory rate, COPD

Introduction: COVID-19 disease has become a comprehensive world issue and has been declared a significant threat to global health. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important inflammatory marker and one of the triggers of the cytokine storm in COVID-19, where increased levels can be an independent predictor of COVID-19 mortality. This study aimed to observe the effect of upper arm and breathing exercises on IL-6 levels in severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental, with blood tests conducted before and after the examination. A total of 20 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were involved, divided into intervention and control groups. Results: Blood tests to determine baseline IL-6 levels were performed in all patients. Patients from the intervention group were given upper arm and breathing exercises for ten days, twice a day, via video tutorials on mobile phones, while patients from the control group did not receive any exercises. Patients from the intervention group obtained mean pre- and post-exercise IL-6 levels of 42.38 ± 48.48 and 16.78 ± 18.29, respectively (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Upper arm and breathing exercises showed significant changes in IL-6 levels in severe COVID-19 patients.

Objective: To review and assess the peer‐reviewed literature on the utility of mind‐body therapy (MBT) as an adjunct treatment in the management of otolaryngologic disease. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Review Methods: Randomized control trials (RCTs) of MBTs in the management of otolaryngologic disease from 2002 to 2022 were identified and included according to predefined criteria. Interventions requiring expensive equipment were excluded because the goal of MBT is to be cost‐conscious. All studies were subjected to a two‐stage blinded screening, extraction, and appraisal process. The outcomes of the intervention and control groups were compared. Conclusion: RCTs of MBTs, including breathing exercises (4), aromatherapy (2), biofeedback (2), meditation, (2), and yoga (2), have been studied in several otolaryngologic conditions, including septoplasty/rhinoplasty (3), head and neck cancer (2), facial palsy (2), and tinnitus (2). Most studies were of moderate risk of bias on appraisal, and each MBT studied was found to significantly reduce subjective and objective distress associated with the otolaryngologic condition in question. Implications for Practice: Despite a paucity of strong evidence supporting the universal use of MBTs, our review suggests that MBTs are cost‐effective and easily deployable complementary tools in the management of otolaryngologic disease. Future large, methodologically rigorous RCTs are needed to address the limitations of the included studies, such as improper blinding and inappropriate statistical analysis. As MBTs are studied further, a case for their current use can be made because of their low cost and minimal risk to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The positive effects of Pilates and slow-controlled breathing exercises on health are examined in different studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of 10-week equipment-based Pilates, slow-controlled breathing exercises, and a combination of both on heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function, and body composition (BC) in young adult healthy women with normal BMI. Methods Forty female participants were assigned to either equipment-based Pilates group (PG), slow-controlled breathing exercise group (BG), equipment-based Pilates + breathing exercise group (PBG), and control groups (CG). Equipment-based Pilates exercise consists of training for two days a week and 50 min per day, and breathing exercises were done twice a week for 15 min a day for 8 weeks. In addition, PBG performed a 15-minute breathing exercise after each Pilates session. Pilates sessions were created with Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, Chair Barrel, and Spine Corrector. On the other hand, breathing exercises were based on a controlled 5 s inhale and 5 s exhale cycles. Results Before and after the implementation, pulmonary function, HRV, and BC parameters were measured. The body weight and BMI improved in PG and PBG, and the percent body fat decreased only in PBG (p

To review the evidence about inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients in postoperative of cardiac surgery. We conducted this systematic review used the databases Ovid, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, and CENTRAL. Randomized clinical trials that addressed IMT after cardiac surgery were selected. The outcomes assessed were maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), tidal volume (TV), peak expiratory flow (PEF), functional capacity (6-minute walk test) and length of hospital stay. The mean difference between groups and the respective 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and used to quantify the effect of continuous outcomes. Seven studies were selected. The IMT was superior to the control over MIP 15.77 cmH2O (95% CI, 5.95–25.49), MEP 15.87 cmH2O (95% CI, 1.16–30.58), PEF 40.98 L/min (95% CI, 4.64–77.32), TV 184.75 mL (95% CI, 19.72–349.77), hospital stay -1.25 days (95% CI, -1.77 to -0.72), but without impact on functional capacity 29.93 m (95% CI, -27.59 to 87.45). Based on the results presented, IMT was beneficial as a form of treatment for patients after cardiac surgery.

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Pursed-lip breathing (PLB) is a breathing exercise treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in the cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions during and after repeated volitional PLB and spontaneous breathing (SB) at rest in COPD patients. Methods. Sixteen patients with moderate-to-severe airflow limitation participated in this crossover study in which the subjects in both the groups randomly received 10 repeated cycles of PLB and SB interventions. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables were collected at the baseline, throughout the 10 breathing cycles, and after a recovery period of 5 min. Results. During PLB, the tidal volume (VT) increased progressively, whereas the breathing frequency (BF) decreased gradually throughout the 10 volitional PLB cycles (p > 0.05). However, minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) remained unchanged during PLB (p > 0.05). The VT and BF peaks appeared during the 8th and 7th cycles, respectively, and then plateaued until the 10th breathing cycle. The heart rate (HR) while performing PLB slightly increased (p < 0.05) from the 3rd to the 10th cycle compared to SB. Conclusions. Despite the clinical benefits of PLB in increasing the inspired volume and slowing the rate of breathing, this manoeuvre in COPD patients should be prescribed with an awareness of the risk of cardiac stress, especially the effect on the HR, as well as the respiratory limitations with repeated PLB. Practically, this study recommends limiting repeated PLB in COPD patients to seven breathing cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability globally. Exercise therapies are one of the commonly prescribed treatment options for CLBP. The specific exercise therapies for CLBP most commonly target movement dysfunction, but seldom brain-based pain modulation. Exercise therapies with specific breathing techniques (SBTs) have been shown to influence and enhance brain-based structural and functional pain modulation. Aims and objectives To assess the feasibility of the SBTs protocol, eligibility criteria, randomization, and dropout rates. To quantify the changes in patient outcome measures and choose the most relevant measure for larger-scale study. To quantify self-adherence levels to home exercise and monitor and record possible pain medication and other treatment modality usage, and adverse events during exercise. Design A parallel randomised analyst-blinded feasibility trial with two-month follow-up. Outcome measures Feasibility related to aims and objectives. Multiple pain- and health-related patient-reported outcome measures of pain intensity, disability, central sensitization, anxiety, kinesiophobia, catastrophising, self-efficacy, sleep quality, quality of life, and health and well-being status. Exercise adherence, pain medication and other treatment modality usage, and possible adverse events related to exercises will be monitored and recorded. Methods Thirty participants will be randomized to movement control exercise with SBTs (15 subjects in experimental group) or movement control exercise without SBTs (15 subjects in control group) in private chiropractic practice setting with two-month follow-up. Trial registration number; NCT05268822. Discussion The clinical difference in effectiveness between practically identical exercise programs in uniform study settings with or without SBTs has not been studied before. This study aims to inform feasibility and help determine whether progression to a full-scale trial is worthwhile.

Gagal ginjal kronik biasanya berkembang secara perlahan dan progresif, kadang sampai bertahun-tahun. Kondisi fungsi ginjal yang memburuk mengakibatkan kemampuan untuk memproduksi erythropoietin terganggu yang menyebabkan anemia sehingga pasien mengalami fatique. Hemodalisa perlu dilakukan untuk mengganti fungsi ekskresi ginjal akan tetapi juga mengakibatkan kondisi fatique semakin memburuk. Dampak dari fatique jika tidak di tangani dapat menimbulkan gangguan kardiovaculer, penurunan kualitas hidup dan stres.Sehingga perlu upaya untuk menurunkan fatique pasien, salah satunya yaitu menggunakan teknik breathing exercise. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penurunan score fatique setelah di berikan terapi breathing exercise. Metode studi kasus ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses keperawatan yang di berikan pada 2 pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodalisa. Terapi breathing exercise dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pertemuan, selama 15 menit dalam 3 siklus.Hasil studi ini di dapatkan score fatique sebelum di berikan yaitu fatique berat dan setelah di lakukan terapi breathing exercise score fatique pada kedua responden berada pada fatique sedang. Di simpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh breathing exercise terhadap penurunan score fatigue pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisa.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Liuzijue breathing exercise for patients with subthreshold depression after stroke. Methods Totally 60 patients with post-stroke subthreshold depression who met the diagnostic inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups , with 30 cases in each group. All patients received basic treatment and nursing. The control group received routine nursing care for relieving post stroke depression. The treatment group received Liuzijue breathing exercise. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale were used to measures the depression status of patients. Results There were 29 cases in the control group and 28 cases in the treatment valid for the analysis. Scores of CES-D and HAMD-17 decreased significantly at 28 days after intervention compared with those intervention p(P＜0. 05), and scores of CES-D and HAMD-17 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0. 01). Conclusion Liuzijue breathing exercise can improve the CES-D and HAMD-17 scores of stroke patients with subthreshold depression, relieve their negative emotions, and provide basis for emotional nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine. (目的 探讨中医“六字诀”呼吸训练在脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者中的应用效果。方法 将符合纳入标准的脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者60例随机分为对照组和治疗组, 每组30例。两组患者均接受基础治疗, 对照组采用卒中后抑郁常规护理干预, 治疗组接受“六字诀”中医呼吸训练法。采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和17项汉密尔顿抑郁(HAMD-17)量表评估患者抑郁状态。结果 对照组最终纳入29例, 治疗组纳入28例。干预后两组CES-D量表和HAMD-17量表评分较干预前降低(P＜0. 05), 且治疗组CES-D量表和HAMD-17量表评分均低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 “六字诀”呼吸训练可改善脑卒中阈下抑郁患者CES-D、HAMD-17评分, 可以改善负性情绪, 可以为中医情志护理提供参考依据。)

Pranayama is one of the most essential components of yoga which has been found to be effective to physiology of the mankind in many ways. Among the Pranayamas, Bhastrika Pranayama is one of the popular breathing techniques widely practiced in yoga, which is believed to improve pulmonary, cardiac, and psychological functions. This present systematic review was planned to explore the available scientific studies on Bhastrika Pranayama individually on pulmonary, cardiovascular, and psychological variables. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were the basis for our review of the literature. The final review included 19 trials on Bhastrika Pranayama between 2005 and 2021 based on eligibility criteria, including four randomized controlled trials and another 15 clinically controlled trials. The quality assessment of each individual trial was performed using the Jadad Scale and the assessment showed ten trails as high quality studies (score 4–8) and nine trials as low quality studies (score 0–3). The results were discussed based on ten high-quality trials and the findings showed that Bhastrika Pranayama significantly improves pulmonary, cardiovascular, and psychological variables, although there were some limitations related to sample size, study quality, follow-up duration, and practice guidelines. Future studies should address those limitations to reach better conclusions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that significantly reduces the functionality of people with symptoms of this disorder and negatively affects their psychological health. Behavioral therapy is an empirically based therapy approach used in the treatment of this psychological disorder and many other psychological disorders. In this study, the articles on behavioral therapy intervention techniques used in the treatment of PTSD and the empirical basis of these techniques were compiled. The literature review in Turkish and English revealed that psychoeducation, real-life exposure, imaginary exposure, prolonged exposure, breathing exercises, relaxation training and systematic desensitization behavioral therapy intervention techniques are commonly used in the treatment of PTSD and that these techniques are effective in the treatment of the disorder.

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to summarise the effect of breathing exercise techniques (BET) on the pain and anxiety of burn patients during burn care. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as 'Burns', 'Bandages', 'Pain', 'Pain management', 'Anxiety', 'Breathing', and 'Breathing exercise', which were performed from the earliest to 4 April 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies. The current meta‐analysis was performed using STATA V.14.0 software. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine significance levels. Random effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). A total of 469 burn patients participated in 10 studies. Exactly 58.60% of burn patients were male, and the number of people in the intervention and control groups was equal. The mean age of burn patients was 32.84 (SD = 10.39). Exactly 78.05% of patients had second‐degree burns. The mean study duration was 19 weeks. Results of analysis of RCT studies showed BET decreased insignificantly pain severity (WMD: −1.17, 95%CI: −2.54 to 0.21, Z = 1.66, P =.096, I2:97.1%) in the intervention group than control group. However, the results of non‐RCTs studies indicated BET significantly decreased pain (WMD: −1.38, 95%CI: −2.16 to −0.61, Z = 3.49, P <.001, I2:88.4%) and anxiety (WMD: −4.91, 95%CI: −9.35 to −0.47, Z = 2.71, P =.03 0.001, I2:88.4%) in the intervention group than control group. Overall, the results of RCTs found BET intervention decreased pain in the intervention group when compared with the control group; however, it was statistically insignificant. Also, results of non‐RCT studies showed intervention of BET significantly decreased pain and anxiety in burns patients. More RCTs studies are required for better judgement of the effectiveness of BET intervention in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose and cortisol levels of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight middle-aged women with T2DM (mean age: 45.67 ± 2.92 years) were randomly assigned to either the aerobic training group (AT: n = 29; mean age [46.1 ± 2.7 years]) or the aerobic exercise combined with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation (AT + DMM: n = 29; mean age [45.24 ± 3.14 years]). Aerobic exercise was performed at 60%-75% of the maximum heart rate. The women in each group were asked to perform the training three times weekly over a 6-week period. The duration of each session was 40 min for the AT group and 60 min for the AT + DMM group. The two groups were asked to perform aerobic exercise at 60%-75% of the maximum heart rate. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and after the 6 weeks. Results: Compared with the AT group, the group undertaking 6 weeks of aerobic training combined with slow, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation showed significantly lower levels of FBG (p = 0.001) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) than the AT group. Conclusion: The addition of slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation to aerobic exercise can better control the glucose and cortisol levels of women with T2DMand thereby improve their outcomes and decrease their cardiometabolic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The positive effects of Pilates and slow-controlled breathing exercises on health are examined in different studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of 10-week equipment-based Pilates, slow-controlled breathing exercises, and a combination of both on heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function, and body composition (BC) in young adult healthy women with normal BMI. Methods: Forty female participants were assigned to either equipment-based Pilates group (PG), slow-controlled breathing exercise group (BG), equipment-based Pilates + breathing exercise group (PBG), and control groups (CG). Equipment-based Pilates exercise consists of training for two days a week and 50 min per day, and breathing exercises were done twice a week for 15 min a day for 8 weeks. In addition, PBG performed a 15-minute breathing exercise after each Pilates session. Pilates sessions were created with Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, Chair Barrel, and Spine Corrector. On the other hand, breathing exercises were based on a controlled 5 s inhale and 5 s exhale cycles. Results: Before and after the implementation, pulmonary function, HRV, and BC parameters were measured. The body weight and BMI improved in PG and PBG, and the percent body fat decreased only in PBG (p < 0.05). Both PG and PBG noted significant changes in HRV indices SDSD, SDNN, TP, HF, and LF. However, the RMSSD was recorded higher in only PBG. Similar changes were found in pulmonary parameters. The FVC, FEV1, VC, IC, TV, MVV, and VE im-proved in PBG. PG showed increases in VC and TV. The only changes found in BG were PEF and ERV. Conclusions: The finding highlights the ample effect of combined breathing and Pilates exercise on HRV, pulmonary function and body composition which has important implications for health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Systemic hypertension (SH) and ocular hypertension (OH) could be corrected by alternate-nostril breathing exercise (ANBE). • ANBE effects on psychological burden, OH, quality of life in elderly with SH and glaucoma were not investigated before. • In this study, a 4-week ANBE could be an adjunctive treatment modality to the above mentioned measures. Investigating the response of ocular hypertension and quality of life to a 4-week alternate-nostril breathing exercise (ANBE) in older adults with systemic hypertension (SH) and high-tension form of primary open-angle glaucoma (HTF-POAG) was our aim. Sixty older adults with SH and HTF-POAG were randomly assigned to the ANBE group (n=30, received morning and evening 30 min sessions of daily ANBE) or the control (waitlist) group (n=30). Right-eye intraocular pressure (IOP), left-eye IOP, blood pressure, short-form-36 survey (SF36S), rates of respiration and radial-artery pulsation, hospital anxiety and depression scale (depression subscale abbreviated as HADS-D and anxiety subscale abbreviated as HADS-A), and glaucoma quality-of-life 15-item questionnaire (GQoL-15) were assessed. All measurements were improved in the ANBE group only. In conclusion, a 4-week ANBE could be an adjunctive modality to improve HADS-D, rates of respiration and radial-artery pulsation, HADS-A, blood pressure, IOP, GQol-15, and SF36S in older adults SH and HTF-POAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus present multiple complications and comorbidities, such as peripheral autonomic neuropathies and reduced peripheral force and functional capacity. Inspiratory muscle training is a widely used intervention with numerous benefits for various disorders. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review to identify inspiratory muscle training effects on functional capacity, autonomic function, and glycemic indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A search was carried out by two independent reviewers. It was performed in PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (or LILACS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. There were no restrictions of language or time. Randomized clinical trials of type 2 diabetes mellitus with inspiratory muscle training intervention were selected. Studies’ methodological quality was assessed using PEDro scale. Results: We found 5,319 studies, and six were selected for qualitative analysis, which was also conducted by the two reviewers. Methodological quality varied — two studies were classified as high quality, two as moderate quality, and two as low quality. Conclusion: It was found that after inspiratory muscle training protocols, there was a reduction in the sympathetic modulation and an increase in functional capacity. The results should be carefully interpreted, as there were divergences in the methodologies adopted, populations, and conclusions between the studies evaluated in this review [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an algorithm for predicting respiratory motion of liver tissue based on the combination of subject-specific external surrogate signals and 2D ultrasound image sequences was investigated to achieve better respiratory monitoring in clinical procedures. To achieve non-invasiveness in clinical procedures, an EM position tracker and a Doppler ultrasound diagnostic system were used as data collectors. Firstly, the mapping relationship between the magnetic sensing surrogate signal and the internal motion of liver tissue was learned by the Ridge regression model to achieve the estimation of the internal motion of liver tissue by the magnetic sensing surrogate signal; then the motion prediction of the estimated internal motion of liver tissue was performed by the artificial neural network (ANN) as the prediction filter; finally, the prediction of the respiratory motion of liver tissue by the magnetic sensing surrogate signal was achieved. Through experimental tests on 16 subject volunteers, the experimental results show that the RMSE of the proposed algorithm for predicting the respiratory motion of liver tissue is 2mm, indicating the potential of this prediction algorithm to achieve the localization of the internal motion position of liver tissue by the human magnetic sensing surrogate signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypopressive exercises (HE) are part of the Low Pressure Fitness training program which is widely used by physical therapists in the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor, abdominal and spinal musculature. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of HE on the sagittal lumbo-pelvic posture in athletic and non-athletic females. It was hypothesized that a 5-week training program of HE could influence lumbo-pelvic position while reducing abdominal circumference and low back pain in athletic and non-athletic females. Twenty normoweight females (mean age = 24.8 (SD 3.5) years; body mass index = 22.4 (SD 1.6) kg/m2) participated in this study. Ten athletic females were rugby players (RG), and 10 females were non-athletic (SG). Participants completed twenty minutes of HE twice weekly for 5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, two-dimension photogrammetry was used to assess lumbar lordosis and pelvic horizontal alignment. A Visual Analog Scale was used to assess low back pain and cirtometry was used to assess abdominal circumferences at umbilical, supra and infra-umbilical levels. An analysis of variance between moments revealed no significant differences in lumbar lordosis and pelvic positioning but showed significant differences for abdominal circumferences between groups. No significant differences between groups were found for other variables. Significant correlations were found between the three different abdominal circumference measurements (p > 0.05) but not between lumbar lordosis and abdominal circumferences. These preliminary findings indicate that a 5-week HE intervention displayed non-significant changes in lumbar lordosis, pelvic horizontal alignment, and low back pain but a significant reduction in abdominal circumferences in non-athletic and athletic females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To review the evidence about inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients in postoperative of cardiac surgery. We conducted this systematic review used the databases Ovid, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, and CENTRAL. Randomized clinical trials that addressed IMT after cardiac surgery were selected. The outcomes assessed were maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), tidal volume (TV), peak expiratory flow (PEF), functional capacity (6-minute walk test) and length of hospital stay. The mean difference between groups and the respective 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and used to quantify the effect of continuous outcomes. Seven studies were selected. The IMT was superior to the control over MIP 15.77 cmH2O (95% CI, 5.95-25.49), MEP 15.87 cmH2O (95% CI, 1.16-30.58), PEF 40.98 L/min (95% CI, 4.64-77.32), TV 184.75 mL (95% CI, 19.72-349.77), hospital stay -1.25 days (95% CI, -1.77 to -0.72), but without impact on functional capacity 29.93 m (95% CI, -27.59 to 87.45). Based on the results presented, IMT was beneficial as a form of treatment for patients after cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Several studies have investigated the relationship between antenatal education classes and pregnancy outcomes. These studies have shown positive effects on mothers, such as a lower epidural rate in the intervention groups. However, until now, the impact on outcomes for mothers and newborns of antenatal education classes that focus on breathing and relaxation techniques has not been examined. Aim Investigate the effects of skilled breathing and relaxation techniques provided in antenatal education classes on maternal and neonatal birth outcomes. Methods The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020192289). A systematic literature search was undertaken and completed in January 2022, using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, clinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Embase and MIDIRS according to a priori formulated PICO criteria: population (pregnant women), intervention (antenatal education classes with integrated breathing and relaxation techniques), comparison (antenatal education classes that do not include skilled breathing and relaxation techniques), and outcome (maternal and neonatal outcomes). The quality of the studies was assessed by two reviewers using the standardised instruments RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. Results Ten studies were included in this review, nine randomised controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The results indicate that skilled breathing and relaxation techniques may positively influence self-efficacy, the need for pharmacological support, specifically the use of epidural anaesthesia, and the memory of labour pain. No effects were found in relation to predefined neonatal outcomes. The quality of evidence on maternal and neonatal outcomes is inconsistent across studies, as different antenatal education classes with varying interventions, including breathing and relaxation techniques, were offered in the studies. Conclusions Women who attended an antenatal education class with breathing and relaxation techniques appear to benefit from the intervention. This applies to the practical implementation and use of breathing and relaxation techniques during labour, increased self-confidence and self-efficacy, and a increased feeling of being in control during labour. This demonstrates the importance of information provision and a focus on breathing and relaxation techniques in antenatal education.

ABSTRACT Introduction: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus present multiple complications and comorbidities, such as peripheral autonomic neuropathies and reduced peripheral force and functional capacity. Inspiratory muscle training is a widely used intervention with numerous benefits for various disorders. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review to identify inspiratory muscle training effects on functional capacity, autonomic function, and glycemic indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A search was carried out by two independent reviewers. It was performed in PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (or LILACS), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. There were no restrictions of language or time. Randomized clinical trials of type 2 diabetes mellitus with inspiratory muscle training intervention were selected. Studies’ methodological quality was assessed using PEDro scale. Results: We found 5,319 studies, and six were selected for qualitative analysis, which was also conducted by the two reviewers. Methodological quality varied - two studies were classified as high quality, two as moderate quality, and two as low quality. Conclusion: It was found that after inspiratory muscle training protocols, there was a reduction in the sympathetic modulation and an increase in functional capacity. The results should be carefully interpreted, as there were divergences in the methodologies adopted, populations, and conclusions between the studies evaluated in this review.

Background: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose and cortisol levels of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight middle-aged women with T2DM (mean age: 45.67 ± 2.92 years) were randomly assigned to either the aerobic training group (AT: n = 29; mean age [46.1 ± 2.7 years]) or the aerobic exercise combined with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation (AT + DMM: n = 29; mean age [45.24 ± 3.14 years]). Aerobic exercise was performed at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. The women in each group were asked to perform the training three times weekly over a 6-week period. The duration of each session was 40 min for the AT group and 60 min for the AT + DMM group. The two groups were asked to perform aerobic exercise at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and after the 6 weeks.Results: Compared with the AT group, the group undertaking 6 weeks of aerobic training combined with slow, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation showed significantly lower levels of FBG (p = 0.001) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) than the AT group.Conclusion: The addition of slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation to aerobic exercise can better control the glucose and cortisol levels of women with T2DM and thereby improve their outcomes and decrease their cardiometabolic risk.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability globally. Exercise therapies are one of the commonly prescribed treatment options for CLBP. The specific exercise therapies for CLBP most commonly target movement dysfunction, but seldom brain-based pain modulation. Exercise therapies with specific breathing techniques (SBTs) have been shown to influence and enhance brain-based structural and functional pain modulation. Aims and objectives: To assess the feasibility of the SBTs protocol, eligibility criteria, randomization, and dropout rates. To quantify the changes in patient outcome measures and choose the most relevant measure for larger-scale study. To quantify self-adherence levels to home exercise and monitor and record possible pain medication and other treatment modality usage, and adverse events during exercise. Design: A parallel randomised analyst-blinded feasibility trial with two-month follow-up. Outcome measures: Feasibility related to aims and objectives. Multiple pain- and health-related patient-reported outcome measures of pain intensity, disability, central sensitization, anxiety, kinesiophobia, catastrophising, self-efficacy, sleep quality, quality of life, and health and well-being status. Exercise adherence, pain medication and other treatment modality usage, and possible adverse events related to exercises will be monitored and recorded. Methods: Thirty participants will be randomized to movement control exercise with SBTs (15 subjects in experimental group) or movement control exercise without SBTs (15 subjects in control group) in private chiropractic practice setting with two-month follow-up. Trial registration number; NCT05268822. Discussion: The clinical difference in effectiveness between practically identical exercise programs in uniform study settings with or without SBTs has not been studied before. This study aims to inform feasibility and help determine whether progression to a full-scale trial is worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of breathing exercises on patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of their level of anxiety, sleep, and recovery of quality after surgery. A randomized, controlled experimental research model was used in this work. This study was conducted in surgery clinic of a university hospital between December 2020 and May 2021. The research was completed with 58 patients in the experimental group and 57 patients in the control group. The mean Visual Analog Sleep Scale and state anxiety score of the patients in the control group was higher in the morning of the operation and on the 1st, 15th, and 30th days after the operation than that of the experimental group patients, and the difference was statistically significant (p <.05). The correlations between recovery quality, state anxiety, and sleep quality on the first postoperative day were significant at (p <.05) in the opposite direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management after gynaecological abdominal surgery. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted with 132 participants at a public hospital between June 2017 and 2018. The Kinesio taping method was applied once, immediately after the surgery during the hospital stay and breathing exercises were performed three times a day for 30 min on the first, second and third post‐operative days. Results: The median age of the women was 47 years. The mean body mass index was 27.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2. When the intervention and control groups were compared, the level of women's pain in the Kinesio taping group was significantly reduced. There was also a statistically significant difference in terms of the passage of gas and defecation time and wound healing in groups with Kinesio taping. Conclusions: Kinesio taping has been shown to be an effective intervention in the management of acute pain after surgery. The results of this study suggest that future studies may be indicated to study taping in other surgical conditions. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Standard surgical procedures performed in gynaecology and obstetrics can be associated with severe post‐operative pain.Post‐operative pain following gynaecological abdominal surgery is a common symptom, and nurses play a key role in ensuring that it is properly and adequately managed. What this paper adds? Kinesio taping is a more effective method than the standard analgesia control group and for the groups with combined or sole application of breathing exercises.This randomized controlled trial showed that Kinesio taping used in the intervention was more effective in pain management, reduction of time to passage of gas and defecation and wound healing after gynaecological abdominal surgery. The implications of this paper Kinesio taping can contribute to reducing pain, reduction of time to passage of gas and defecation and wound healing after gynaecological abdominal surgery.Nurses can be trained on Kinesio taping after gynaecological abdominal surgery and encouraged to use this method because of its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and background: Low back pain is one of the most common problems among pregnant women and requires further investigation and design of effective interventions. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of adding breathing exercises to comprehensive exercises in water and dry land on lumbo-pelvic pain. pain, functional disability, SFMA scores in pregnant women during lumbo-pelvic pain. Material and Methods: A total of 60 pregnant women with lumbo-pelvic pain were randomly divided into two groups: breathing exercises with on-land training (30 people) and breathing exercises with water training (30 people) and performed 14 weeks of training. Measured variables included pain, functional disability, SFMA scores were examined in the pretest and posttest. Results: Intra-group results in pain, functional disability, and SFMA variables showed significant results after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (P<0.001). No significant difference was seen between the two exercise interventions on improving pain (p=0.91), functional disability (p=0.77) and SFMA (p=0.53). Conclusion: Adding breathing exercises to water and land exercises can improve pain, functional disability, and SFMA scores variables in pregnant women with lumbo-pelvic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]