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Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-16T18:12:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ART19115.pdf: 417493 bytes, checksum: ab25cf81e05674cf245a1eda4ed44acb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira-do-Sertão), Anacardiaceae, is one of the most used plants in folk medicine in Northeastern Brazil as an anti-inflammatory, healing and antiulcer. This species is threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. The importance of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a conservationist model of replacement of the M. urundeuva adult tree (inner bark) for its under developing plants (shoots) in order to ensure the preservation of this species, but also to ensure sufficient raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. Aim of the study: To characterize chemically and assess the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the fluid extracts from M. urundeuva innebark (adult plant) as well as stem and leaves of shoots (young plant). Materials and methods: The fluid extracts were prepared by maceration-percolation with hydroalcoholic solution according to the methodology described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. These extracts were cleaned-up through solid phase extraction (SPE) and chemically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS). Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts (700 or 1000 mg/kg) were assessed on ethanol-induced gastric lesions and Croton oil-induced ear edema in rats, respectively. The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro. Results: The UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis evidenced the presence of chalcones, flavonoids and tannins. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities achieved with fluid extracts from the stems and leaves was similar to inner bark. The fluid extracts were not toxic. Conclusion: It is possible to replace the inner bark of the adult tree for the stems and leaves from the shoots as raw material to be used in the preparation of its the phytotherapeutics. Therefore, this finding may help in the implementation of public policies that ensure the conservation of the species along with its sustainable use for pharmaceutical purposes.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-25T00:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ART18121.pdf: 601259 bytes, checksum: 0c48bca3533a378260976f1f094b7625 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-18

Two novel indole alkaloids with plumeran skeleton, spruceanumines A (1) and B (2), and eight known indole alkaloids, aspidospermidine (3), demethoxypalosine (4), aspidocarpine (5), aspidolimine (6), fendlerine (7), aspidolimidine (8), obscurinervidine (9) and obscurinervine (10) were isolated from stem bark and seeds methanolic extracts of Aspidosperma spruceanum. Compounds structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, mainly those obtained by ¹H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry. Dois novos alcalóides indólicos com esqueleto plumerano, spruceanuminas A (1) e B (2), e oito alcalóides indólicos conhecidos, aspidospermidina (3), desmetoxipalosina (4), aspidocarpina (5), aspidolimina (6), fendlerina (7), aspidolimidina (8), obscurinervidina (9) e obscurinervina (10), foram isolados do extrato metanólico das cascas do caule e sementes de Aspidosperma spruceanum. As estruturas dos compostos foram elucidadas com base na análise de dados espectroscópicos, principalmente os obtidos por espectros de RMN ¹H e 13C (1D e 2D) e por espectrometria de massas.

Embora sejam conhecidas principalmente como fonte de madeira nobre para aplicação na construção de móveis, as espécies do gênero Aspidosperma apresentam muitos estudos na área da fitoquímica e poucos estudos na área da farmacologia. As espécies do gênero Aspidosperma são largamente aplicadas por populares como potenciais agentes antimaláricos, no tratamento da leishmaniose, de inflamações do útero e ovário, como anticonceptiva, em diabetes e em problemas estomacais, contra câncer, febre e reumatismo. Do ponto de vista químico, a grande maioria das espécies constituintes do gênero já foi submetida a algum estudo de isolamento e identificação dos alcalóides indólicos presentes nas mais diversas partes das plantas. Já do ponto de vista farmacológico poucos testes foram realizados até então para justificar a grande aplicação das mesmas por populares e a importância dos alcalóides indólicos presentes nas representantes do gênero. Visando contribuir para um maior conhecimento sobre a importância da presença dos alcalóides indólicos no gênero Aspidosperma e sua relação com as atividades farmacológicas atribuídas ou testadas, é que apresentamos uma revisão das principais publicações envolvendo estudos químicos e biológicos do gênero Aspidosperma. Although mainly known as source of noble wood for furniture construction, species of the genus Aspidosperma have been extensively studied in Phytochemistry but scarcely investigated in Pharmacology. Aspidosperma species have been commonly used in folk medicine as potential antimalarial agents; in the treatment of leishmaniasis, and uterus and ovary inflammations; as contraceptive; in diabetes and stomach disorders; and against cancer, fever and rheumatism. From a chemical point of view, the great majority of Aspidosperma species have already been subjected to isolation and identification of indole alkaloids present in their several parts. From a pharmacological point of view, few tests have been carried out so far to justify the great applicability of these species in folk medicine besides the importance of the indole alkaloids present in the genus representatives. Aimed at improving the knowledge on the importance of indole alkaloids in the genus Aspidosperma and their relationship with attributed or tested pharmacological activities, we present a review of the main reports involving chemical and biological studies on the genus Aspidosperma.

During the last decades several flavonoids of Solanum species have been isolated. This review describes the flavones, flavonols and their glycosides presently known as constituents of Solanum species.