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Arterial hypertension represents one of the major causes of death worldwide, considered as a chronic and prevalent disease of great epidemiological transition. Evaluating the risk factors of this cardiovascular disease is a necessity in the clinical study due to its high prevalence. Its incidence is more reflected in female patients, adults and the elderly, producing high mortality rates in addition to being associated with cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease, which represent other major causes of deaths causing the collapse of health systems. Arterial hypertension is also associated with other pathologies, genetic factors and environmental factors, such as: obesity, high sodium intake, seden-tary lifestyle, stress, alcohol consumption and smoking. However, many of the risk factors are modifiable, so it is important to know each of them in detail in order to take action in this regard and thus improve the patient's quality of life, control the frequency of complications and even cardiovascular risk. . In this sense, public heal-th entities must contribute with policies and action plans that help combat the growing prevalence of arterial hypertension and risk factors in order to better control this pathology and thus minimize the risks it represents, La hipertensión arterial representa una de las mayores causas de muerte a nivel mundial, considerada como una enfermedad crónica y prevalente de gran transición epidemiológica. Evaluar los factores de riesgo de esta enfermedad cardiovascular, es una necesidad en el estudio clínico debido a su alta prevalencia. Su incidencia se ve más reflejada en pacientes femeninas, adultos y ancianos produciendo tasas elevadas de mor-talidad además de estar asociada con los accidentes cerebrovasculares, insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva, enfermedad renal en etapa terminal y enfermedad vascular periférica, lo cual representan otras causa mayor de decesos provocando el colapso de los sistemas de salud. La hipertensión arterial también se asocia con otras patologías, factores genéticos y factores ambientales, tales como: obesidad, ingesta elevada de sodio, sedentarismo, estrés, consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo. Sin embargo, mucho de los factores de riesgos son modificables por lo que es importante conocer con detalle cada uno de ellos para tomar acción al respecto y de tal manera mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, controlar la frecuencia de complicaciones e incluso el riesgo cardiovascular. En tal sentido, las entidades de salud pública deben contribuir con políticas y planes de acción que ayuden a combatir la creciente prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial y los factores de riesgo con la finalidad de controlar mejor esta patología y minimizar así los riesgos que representa

Arterial hypertension represents one of the major causes of death worldwide, considered as a chronic and prevalent disease of great epidemiological transition. Evaluating the risk factors of this cardiovascular disease is a necessity in the clinical study due to its high prevalence. Its incidence is more reflected in female patients, adults and the elderly, producing high mortality rates in addition to being associated with cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease, which represent other major causes of deaths causing the collapse of health systems. Arterial hypertension is also associated with other pathologies, genetic factors and environmental factors, such as: obesity, high sodium intake, sedentary lifestyle, stress, alcohol consumption and smoking. However, many of the risk factors are modifiable, so it is important to know each of them in detail in order to take action in this regard and thus improve the patient's quality of life, control the frequency of complications and even cardiovascular risk. . In this sense, public health entities must contribute with policies and action plans that help combat the growing prevalence of arterial hypertension and risk factors in order to better control this pathology and thus minimize the risks it represents.

The final stage in the life history of prehistoric pottery prior to archaeological recovery is usually the longest, and frequently the most dynamic. The remains of archaeological ceramics spend hundreds to thousands of years deposited within the upper layers of the earth’s crust where they encounter the same diagenetic environmental processes as the surrounding natural materials. Harsh conditions of subterranean environments induce physical stresses and chemical reactions, causing alterations of ceramic structure and composition. This is especially true of carbonate-rich ceramics, as carbonate phases are soluble when deposited within acidic environments. This paper examines common carbonate depletion and accretion effects of post-depositional environments on ancient ceramics from two rather different geological and archaeological contexts: Mesoamerica and the Mediterranean. Potters in both regions produce vessels with carbonate-rich materials—clays, calcite, limestone—that alter due to long exposure to low-pH sediments and continual water table fluctuations. Ceramic petrography is employed to identify traces of carbonate alterations within ceramic microstructure and to characterize fabrics. Elemental compositions of the same sherds are characterized through either scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/OES) or neutron activation analysis (NAA). This method enabled comparison of the differing effects of post-depositional alteration of carbonate phases on bulk composition signatures commonly used to determine provenance.

This study investigates the shifting meanings and practices inscribed on the Main Plaza at the ancient Maya city of Tenam Puente. Plazas are fundamental features of ancient Mesoamerican cities that were important sites for civic activities such as mass spectacles, ceremonies, private rituals, feasting. More recently, certain plazas have also been documented as permanent or periodic marketplaces. New radiocarbon dates and stratigraphic test excavations provide evidence for several important transformations in the built landscape of Tenam Puente’s Main Plaza, including renovations to the site’s principal ballcourt, a large filling and resurfacing event, and a significant addition to the plaza’s volume for the purpose of building a semi-enclosed marketplace plaza. These results provide insight into the evolving nature of public space at the site, from a focus on private rituals and dynastic rule, to an emphasis on mass spectacle, commercial activity, and civic engagement., El presente estudio investiga los cambiantes significados y prácticas inscritas en la Plaza Principal de la antigua ciudad maya de Tenam Puente. Las plazas son elementos arquitectónicos fundamentales en las antiguas ciudades mesoamericanas que fueron sitios importantes para actividades cívicas como espectáculos, ceremonias, rituales privados y banquetes. Más recientemente, ciertas plazas se han documentado como mercados permanentes o periódicos. Nuevas fechas de radiocarbono y pozos estratigráficos aportan evidencias de varias transformaciones importantes en el paisaje urbano de la Plaza Principal de Tenam Puente, incluyendo renovaciones en la cancha del juego de pelota principal del sitio, un gran evento de relleno y repavimentación, y una adición significativa a su volumen con el propósito de construir una plaza de mercado semicerrada. Los resultados proporcionan información sobre el desarrollo del espacio público en el sitio, desde los rituales privados y el reinado dinástico, hasta los espectáculos, actividades comerciales y participación cívica.

Este estudio presenta un análisis de la distribución de la población prehispánica en las inmediaciones de la antigua Chiapan, la capital del señorío chiapaneca al momento de la llegada de los españoles. Para ello, usamos la perspectiva del paisaje, que nos permite comparar a grandes rasgos los cambios ocurridos en los valles de Terán, Suchiapa y Tuxtla, la mesa de Copoya y las riberas del río Grijalva entre el periodo Postclásico (900-1524 d.C.) y la actualidad. La presencia de cincuenta sitios arqueológicos pertenecientes a cuatro diferentes clases sugiere que la población se distribuyó atendiendo a las necesidades económicas y políticas del periodo Postclásico, cuando el señorío chiapaneco controló un vasto territorio de la Depresión Central de Chiapas.

The final stage in the life history of prehistoric pottery prior to archaeological recovery is usually the longest, and frequently the most dynamic. The remains of archaeological ceramics spend hundreds to thousands of years deposited within the upper layers of the earth’s crust where they encounter the same diagenetic environmental processes as the surrounding natural materials. Harsh conditions of subterranean environments induce physical stresses and chemical reactions, causing alterations of ceramic structure and composition. This is especially true of carbonate-rich ceramics, as carbonate phases are soluble when deposited within acidic environments. This paper examines common carbonate depletion and accretion effects of post-depositional environments on ancient ceramics from two rather different geological and archaeological contexts: Mesoamerica and the Mediterranean. Potters in both regions produce vessels with carbonate-rich materials—clays, calcite, limestone—that alter due to long exposure to low-pH sediments and continual water table fluctuations. Ceramic petrography is employed to identify traces of carbonate alterations within ceramic microstructure and to characterize fabrics. Elemental compositions of the same sherds are characterized through either scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/OES) or neutron activation analysis (NAA). This method enabled comparison of the differing effects of post-depositional alteration of carbonate phases on bulk composition signatures commonly used to determine provenance.