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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-pmj-10.1177_02692163221081331 for Symptom burden and lived experiences of patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals on the management of malignant bowel obstruction: A qualitative systematic review by Elin Baddeley, Mala Mann, Alison Bravington, Miriam J Johnson, David Currow, Fliss E M Murtagh, Elaine G Boland, George Obita, Alfred Oliver, Kathy Seddon, Annmarie Nelson, Jason W Boland and Simon I R Noble in Palliative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-pmj-10.1177_02692163221122352 for The range and suitability of outcome measures used in the assessment of palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: A systematic review by Alison Bravington, George Obita, Elin Baddeley, Miriam J Johnson, Fliss EM Murtagh, David C Currow, Elaine G Boland, Annmarie Nelson, Kathy Seddon, Alfred Oliver, Simon IR Noble and Jason W Boland in Palliative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-pmj-10.1177_02692163221122352 for The range and suitability of outcome measures used in the assessment of palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: A systematic review by Alison Bravington, George Obita, Elin Baddeley, Miriam J Johnson, Fliss EM Murtagh, David C Currow, Elaine G Boland, Annmarie Nelson, Kathy Seddon, Alfred Oliver, Simon IR Noble and Jason W Boland in Palliative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-pmj-10.1177_02692163221122352 for The range and suitability of outcome measures used in the assessment of palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: A systematic review by Alison Bravington, George Obita, Elin Baddeley, Miriam J Johnson, Fliss EM Murtagh, David C Currow, Elaine G Boland, Annmarie Nelson, Kathy Seddon, Alfred Oliver, Simon IR Noble and Jason W Boland in Palliative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163221122352 for The range and suitability of outcome measures used in the assessment of palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: A systematic review by Alison Bravington, George Obita, Elin Baddeley, Miriam J Johnson, Fliss EM Murtagh, David C Currow, Elaine G Boland, Annmarie Nelson, Kathy Seddon, Alfred Oliver, Simon IR Noble and Jason W Boland in Palliative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163221081331 for Symptom burden and lived experiences of patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals on the management of malignant bowel obstruction: A qualitative systematic review by Elin Baddeley, Mala Mann, Alison Bravington, Miriam J Johnson, David Currow, Fliss E M Murtagh, Elaine G Boland, George Obita, Alfred Oliver, Kathy Seddon, Annmarie Nelson, Jason W Boland and Simon I R Noble in Palliative Medicine

Additional file 1. Practitioner intervention: Animation script.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-pmj-10.1177_02692163221081331 for Symptom burden and lived experiences of patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals on the management of malignant bowel obstruction: A qualitative systematic review by Elin Baddeley, Mala Mann, Alison Bravington, Miriam J Johnson, David Currow, Fliss E M Murtagh, Elaine G Boland, George Obita, Alfred Oliver, Kathy Seddon, Annmarie Nelson, Jason W Boland and Simon I R Noble in Palliative Medicine

Introduction: Most people when asked say they would prefer to die at home. However, ‘Death in Usual Place of Residence’ (DiUPR) does not give any real insight into the quality and experiences of care received. Additionally, DiUPR involves other family members resident in the home environment and their needs, preferences and experiences also need consideration.\ud \ud Aim(s) and Method(s): The aim of this work was to explore the experiences of patients and informal caregivers receiving at-home care from a specialist palliative care service. We undertook individual interviews with 11 patients and 10 significant others. We used the Pictor technique, a novel interview tool used to sensitively explore networks of support and experiences of palliative care. Interviews were analysed thematically.\ud \ud Results: Caring for a loved one at home was acknowledged as draining, but participants were effusive about the excellent at-home professional support they received from the specialist service. The care provided evidently recognised the needs of both patients and their families. Effective co-ordination of care, including liaison with other services was especially appreciated.\ud \ud Conclusion(s): With increasing trends towards DiUPR, it is vital that there are sufficient well-resourced palliative care services available in the community to support both patients and their families at the end of life. Pictor is a useful means to obtain detailed insight into individual experiences of end of life care. Care co-ordination emerged as key concern for patients receiving End of Life Care and their families.

Purpose:\ud To explore with community groups, using an asset-based approach, what local individual and community assets exist in a deprived English Local Authority area;\ud \ud To reflect with participants on how these assets might be utilised to improve health and wellbeing; \ud \ud To consider how such assets might be used to promote public health (PH) as part of changes to PH provision in the context of austerity measures and local authority budget cuts.\ud \ud Background:\ud Effective community engagement is essential if local government is to achieve public health goals (NICE, 2014). However, despite widespread acceptance of the need to enable individuals and communities to take more control over their health and lives, ‘the invaluable contributions and experiences of citizens actively involved in their own communities are rarely considered as part of the evidence base’ (Public Health England, 2015).\ud \ud There has been a recent shift in UK PH policy towards an ‘asset approach’, balancing the evidence base on health deficits (identifying problems and needs) with an equal focus on health assets (resources for creating health and wellbeing). An asset approach seeks to identify and mobilise the capacity, skills, knowledge, connections and potential in individuals, communities and organisations to create positive health and cultivate resilience.\ud \ud Methods:\ud The study used principles of action research, seeking to engage with diverse groups in the locality (professionals and community members) in a process of reflective inquiry. An initial inquiry using ‘knowledge café’ workshops with statutory and voluntary services informed the research focus. Activities included reflective group discussion, photo elicitation and interactive question and answer sessions. Focus groups were held with members of 12 diverse community initiatives, focusing on how the activities and processes involved in community group participation facilitated the health and wellbeing of community members. Data were analysed using Template Analysis.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud Findings are organised in relation to three main areas: (i) Assets at a community level; (ii) Assets at an individual level; (iii) Making the most of assets: collaborative working between communities and others. Findings provide important insights to inform possibilities for how communities can play a more active role in responding to PH issues.\ud \ud As autonomous and independent entities, community groups described themselves as better able than public sector services to devote the time needed to really understand and respond to their community members. Professionals are seen as offering advice; peers are seen as offering choices. Traditionally ‘hard to reach’ groups may respond better to peer rather than professional assistance. Participants identified numerous mental and physical health benefits from taking part in community groups. Professionals can play an important role supporting community members to develop their own health and wellbeing initiatives. Holistic community based solutions to public health improvement may require the development of an alternative set of indicators to monitor and evaluate change focusing for example on resilience, levels of individual community involvement and peer support rather than more conventional indicators such as decrease in smoking or healthy eating. There is an important role for qualitative research in the development and evaluation of such initiatives.

Pictor is a graphical visual technique with its origins in personal construct psychology and phenomenology. It was developed to explore experiences of collaborative working in health and social care contexts, but may be used in any setting where people with different backgrounds or perspectives need to interact around a specific task or goal. In this case study, we outline the principles behind the method and describe how it is used to collect data, and how such data may be analysed. We present a case example from a recent study of collaborative working among nurses and other professionals in relation to the care of people with cancer and long-term conditions. We conclude by reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of the technique.

Social capital has been widely advocated as a way of understanding and building community participation in the interest of health improvement. However, the concept as proposed by Putnam, has been criticised for presenting an overly romanticised account of complex community relations. This paper presents analysis from a qualitative evaluation of a Healthy Living Centre (HLC) in the North of England, to examine the utility of the concept of social capital in this context. We found the concepts of ‘bridging’ and ‘bonding’ social capital were useful – though not without limitations – in helping to make sense of the complexities and contradictions in participants’ experiences of community group participation. 'Bridging' helped provide an understanding of how the decline in shared social spaces such as local shops impacts on social relationships. 'Bonding' highlighted how community group membership can have positive and negative implications for individuals and the wider community. It was found that skilled group leadership was key to strengthening bridging capital. Politically, in the UK, community participation is seen as having an essential role in social change, for example, its centrality to the coalition government's idea of the ‘Big Society’. A micro-examination of this HLC using the lens of social capital provides a valuable critical insight into community participation. It shows that this kind of initiative can be successful in building social capital, given conditions such as an appropriate setting and effective leadership. However, they cannot substitute for other kinds of investment in the physical infrastructure of a community.

Challenges of Developing and Sustaining a Research Partnership for Work Integrated Learning\ud Back in 2007 at WACE in Singapore, Zegwaard reported that in 1997 research into Work Integrated Learning (WIL) had been ‘limited, uncertain and sparse’. Things had improved slightly in 2004 where Bartkus and Stull said ‘What has been published is good’. Things have moved on in recent years with the growth of a much larger WIL research community. Much of this has been supported by WACE members who have organised research events around world conferences and symposia, and also with the re-invigoration of two specialist journals. Yet in many ways WIL is still an emerging research field.\ud This paper will explore some of the practicalities of developing and sustaining a research partnership for WIL. The author will discuss getting started in research, building knowledge in the field and developing resources for WIL. At a local level, difficulties faced by researchers include managing projects alongside busy ‘day jobs’ and maintaining continuity as team members change. At a global level, the most significant challenge is ensuring a partnership approach by developing working relationships across international boundaries. \ud Consideration will be given to how to set up a research team, and to the challenges of working across disciplines as Deborah Peach et al (2011) explore further in their article on boundary spanning. The paper will also explore issues of sustainability, including funding models – in particular, the continual search for financial resources to sustain ongoing research. The author will conclude with reflections on issues of team and interdisciplinary working.\ud \ud Keywords:\ud WIL Research Partnerships Funding Resources

This report presents the findings of a study carried out between January 2009 and December 2012 in one metropolitan borough in the north of England. The central focus of the research was specialist and generalist nurses’ experiences of collaborative working in relation to the support of cancer and long-term condition patients. To explore this topic we used an innovative interview tool – the Pictor technique – to gather visual representations of people’s networks of roles and relationships involved in specific instances of the provision of patient care and support. We define collaborative working as occurring when two or more professionals from different professional groups are required to interact to ensure that appropriate care is delivered to a service user.\ud The overall aim of the study was: \ud To examine how generalist and specialist nurses work with each other, with other professionals and with patients and carers to support cancer and longterm condition patients.\ud Specific objectives were:\ud 1. To examine what helps and hinders effective collaborative working for generalist and specialist nurses;\ud 2. To compare experiences of collaborative working in relation to cancer patients with those relating to LTC patients;\ud 3. To consider the implications of these findings for the development of services to support cancer survivors.\ud The emphasis on cancer patients in objective 3 reflects the focus of Macmillan as a charity concerned with supporting people with cancer.

Title: Designing a Qualitative Study into Multiple Work Integrated Learning (WIL) Experiences. Authors: Lisa Ward, Dr Tina McAdie, Alison Bravington, Professor Nigel King\ud Group / institution: University of Huddersfield.\ud Conference theme(s) covered: Challenges and Innovations in the design and delivery of WIL\ud Sub-theme: Impacts of WIL on graduate outcomes and employability\ud Background / context: Universities are forever looking for the perfect Work Integrated Learning (WIL) model: the one that gives students the best chance of a graduate job, fits in ever changing needs of a diverse student population and can be delivered with minimum administrative overhead to the institution.\ud Aims: Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have been exploring psychological factors related to WIL as part in a worldwide study led by Drysdale (Drysdale et al., 2010). The initial analysis of our UK quantitative data set indicated that the number of different WIL experiences a student undertook significantly increased self-reported measures of hope, agency and goal-orientation. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore a variety of student placement experiences in more depth to tease apart experiential aspects of their placements and how these relate to the constructs identified as significant in the previous study. This obviously has strategic implications for the way we deliver WIL both at our institution and across the sector. \ud Method / approach: The use of qualitative techniques aims to move the focus on to the experiential aspects of students’ work placements through focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews. The interviews will potentially use a reflective tool to facilitate dialogue about the abstract concepts measured in the survey. This study will investigate how students relate their work placement experiences to softer skill development identified by our survey research, and how these skills are built up across multiple placements. Was it a case of ‘The more, the merrier’?\ud Results / discussion: This paper will describe the methodological challenges faced in the design and analysis of our research, including how to facilitate in-depth reflection on work placements, and how to anchor broad concepts such as ‘hope’ and ‘agency’ to specific experiences encountered in the working environment.\ud Conclusions / implications: The identification of an effective method of reflection and analysis of the experiential details of work placements will allow the student voice to be heard, and illuminate important aspects of their experiences. This could then be used to facilitate teaching and learning in this area.\ud Keywords: Multiple, WIL, Qualitative, Interviews, Focus groups. \ud Key references: Drysdale, M., Dressler, S., Johansson K., Zaitseva E., Chiupka C., Clifford E et al. (2011) Academic Attitudes and Behaviours of Work Integrated Learning and Non Work Integrated Learning Students from Four Countries. 17th World Conference on Cooperative & Work Integrated Education (Philadelphia, USA).\ud Purdie, Fiona, Ward, Lisa J, McAdie, Tina M. and King, Nigel (2011) Does work integrated learning better psychologically prepare British students for life and work. In: Association for Sandwich Education and Training (ASET) Annual Conference 2011, September, 2011, Leeds Metropolitan University.

This paper explores the method and findings of a qualitative examination into multiple work integrated learning\ud (MWIL) placements. The research consisted of 14 reflective interviews with students from across discipline\ud areas who had undertaken a series of work placements. The range of MWIL experiences included professional\ud placements in nursing and youth work, yearlong placements in accountancy and engineering, self-directed WIL\ud experiences in arts, informal and part-time placements.\ud The aim of this study was to explore the transitions that took place throughout multiple placements that helped\ud the student to become a work ready and an effective professional. A research method, 'Placement Timeline' was\ud developed. This allows a reflective structure for the researcher to tease out skill development and work\ud readiness. All interviews were transcribed and coded using NVivo qualitative software.\ud The paper will discuss selected findings from the research. These provide insights into how multiple WIL experiences may benefit students in their preparation for work. In effect it was as if the work readiness and skills relating to an uncertain and ever changing job market skills were fast tracked over MWIL.This research highlights the key transitional features of MWIL.

Pictor is a visual technique for exploring episodes of collaborative working, and has been developed for use in health care research at the Centre for Applied Psychological Research at the University of Huddersfield. This thesis explores whether the technique could usefully translate into a tool for reflection for students of nursing and midwifery, investigating how the features of the technique facilitate reflection, how students evaluate the technique, and how talk elicited using Pictor might dovetail with existing models of reflection. Findings indicate that Pictor facilitates in-depth talk about care and collaboration focused around patients (nursing) and women in labour (midwifery), including the discomforts of learning to be a practitioner, how the challenges of practice are met, and how reflection works for students on-the-ground during their placement experiences. Students found the technique easy and enjoyable to use. Implications of the research include Pictor's possible use as a tool for individual and group reflection, eliciting thinking which meets the same criteria as existing written models of reflection, and suggest the potential for a secondary analysis of the interview data with a view to making links with traditional taxonomies of learning.

Purpose: To use participatory research strategies to facilitate multiple stakeholder involvement in a community-wide public health workshop;\ud - To use workshop outcomes to inform the design and execution of a subsequent public health research project in a deprived English Local Authority area.\ud \ud Background: There is widespread acceptance of the need for effective local community engagement to achieve public health goals. In this paper, we describe how, prior to undertaking a commissioned public health project, we drew on principles of Appreciative Inquiry (a participative approach that values those involved as experts in their own lives and therefore as key actors in health improvement solutions) to work with both a wide variety of professionals and community members to inform our research approach and design.\ud \ud Methods: A half day community wide workshop event was held to explore national and local challenges in responding to different public health needs from the perspective of both key professional stakeholders and local community groups. The event was run as a knowledge café and utilised principles of action inquiry. Activities undertaken by delegates included reflective group discussion, photo-elicitation and interactive question and answer sessions. . \ud \ud Conclusions: Broad stakeholder involvement in the workshop events worked to build relationships between different groups, as well as enhancing their capacity to represent their own interests in wider arenas. Delegate feedback was overwhelmingly positive and outcomes from the workshop were used to inform the focus for qualitative inquiry in subsequent phases of the research.