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25. Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

Author

Tratwal, J, Labella, R, Bravenboer, N, Kerckhofs, G, Douni, E, Scheller, EL, Badr, S, Karampinos, DC, Beck-Cormier, S, Palmisano, B, Poloni, A, Moreno-Aliaga, MJ, Fretz, J, Rodeheffer, MS, Boroumand, P, Rosen, CJ, Horowitz, MC, van der Eerden, Bram, Veldhuis-Vlug, AG, Naveiras, O, Tratwal, J, Labella, R, Bravenboer, N, Kerckhofs, G, Douni, E, Scheller, EL, Badr, S, Karampinos, DC, Beck-Cormier, S, Palmisano, B, Poloni, A, Moreno-Aliaga, MJ, Fretz, J, Rodeheffer, MS, Boroumand, P, Rosen, CJ, Horowitz, MC, van der Eerden, Bram, Veldhuis-Vlug, AG, and Naveiras, O

Published
2020

28. Generation of Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and control integration free iPSC lines from periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Author

Sanchez-Duffhues, G., primary, Mikkers, H., additional, de Jong, D., additional, Szuhai, K., additional, de Vries, T.J., additional, Freund, C., additional, Bravenboer, N., additional, van Es, R.J.J., additional, Netelenbos, J.C., additional, Goumans, M.-.J., additional, Eekhoff, E.M.W., additional, and ten Dijke, P., additional

Published
2019
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29. Generation of Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and control integration free iPSC lines from periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Author

Sanchez-Duffhues, G., Mikkers, H., de Jong, D., Szuhai, K., de Vries, T. J., Freund, C., Bravenboer, N., van Es, R. J.J., Netelenbos, J. C., Goumans, M. J., Eekhoff, E. M.W., ten Dijke, P., Sanchez-Duffhues, G., Mikkers, H., de Jong, D., Szuhai, K., de Vries, T. J., Freund, C., Bravenboer, N., van Es, R. J.J., Netelenbos, J. C., Goumans, M. J., Eekhoff, E. M.W., and ten Dijke, P.

Published
2019

30. Generation of Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and control integration free iPSC lines from periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Author

Zorgeenheid MKA/BT Zorg, MS Hoofd-Hals Chirurgische Oncologie, Cancer, Sanchez-Duffhues, G., Mikkers, H., de Jong, D., Szuhai, K., de Vries, T. J., Freund, C., Bravenboer, N., van Es, R. J.J., Netelenbos, J. C., Goumans, M. J., Eekhoff, E. M.W., ten Dijke, P., Zorgeenheid MKA/BT Zorg, MS Hoofd-Hals Chirurgische Oncologie, Cancer, Sanchez-Duffhues, G., Mikkers, H., de Jong, D., Szuhai, K., de Vries, T. J., Freund, C., Bravenboer, N., van Es, R. J.J., Netelenbos, J. C., Goumans, M. J., Eekhoff, E. M.W., and ten Dijke, P.

Published
2019

31. Flare-up after maxillofacial surgery in a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: An [18F]-NaF PET/CT study and a systematic review

Author

Eekhoff, E.M.W., Netelenbos, J.C., de Graaf, P., Hoebink, M., Bravenboer, N., Micha, D., Pals, G., de Vries, T.J., Lammertsma, A.A., Raijmakers, P.G.H.M., van Es, R.J.J., Periodontology, and Parodontologie (OII, ACTA)

Abstract

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder leading to progressive heterotopic ossifications (HO) of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which can be induced by trauma or by surgery. Despite strong medical advice to the contrary, an FOP patient insisted on surgery to alleviate her complete trismus, which caused an unbearable impact on her quality of life (QOL). The entire trismus history of this FOP patient is presented. [18F]-NaF position emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were introduced as an imaging method for heterotopic bone formation activity. To place our findings into context, a systematic review on jaw surgery in FOP was performed. After falling down the stairs, a 9-year-old patient developed mobility impairment of her left-sided jaw. During the following 13 years bone scintigraphy showed persistent activity of the disease leading to progressive left-sided zygomatico-mandibular fusion by HO, resulting in complete trismus. Within 1 month after HO removal on the left side and a matching right coronoidectomy, [18F]-NaF PET/CT demonstrated a substantial flare-up activity followed by new HO in both masseter and temporalis muscles. Despite recurrent HO and trismus her QOL increased due to a stable increased interincisal opening of 5.5 mm. Although systematic review reveals a 100% risk of HO recurrence after jaw surgery, information on improved QOL is scarce. In conclusion, surgery in FOP may be beneficial for QOL despite new HO formation. Assessment of disease activity using [18F]-NaF PET/CT is possible before HO is evident on CT and may serve as a new and quantitative marker of the disease. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Published
2018
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33. Ovariectomy increases RANKL protein expression in bone marrow adipocytes of C3H/HeJ mice

Author

UCL - SST/IMMC/MEED - Mechatronic, Electrical Energy, and Dynamics Systems, Beekman, Kerensa M., Zwaagstra, Marleen, Veldhuis-Vlug, Annegreet G., de Heijer, Martin, Maas, Mario, Kerckhofs, Greet, Parac-Vogt, Tatjana N., Bisschop, Peter H., Bravenboer N., 28th Annual Meeting of the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Calcium- en Botstofwisseling (NVCB 2018), UCL - SST/IMMC/MEED - Mechatronic, Electrical Energy, and Dynamics Systems, Beekman, Kerensa M., Zwaagstra, Marleen, Veldhuis-Vlug, Annegreet G., de Heijer, Martin, Maas, Mario, Kerckhofs, Greet, Parac-Vogt, Tatjana N., Bisschop, Peter H., Bravenboer N., and 28th Annual Meeting of the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Calcium- en Botstofwisseling (NVCB 2018)

Published
2018

34. In Vivo mechanical Loading

Author

Bravenboer, N, Bakker, A, van der Veen, A.J., Clinical chemistry, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, Amsterdam Movement Sciences - Restoration and Development, and Physics and medical technology

Published
2017

35. Histomorphometric Analysis Reveals Reduced Bone Mass and Bone Formation in Patients With Quiescent Crohn's Disease

Author

Oostlander, A.E., Bravenboer, N., Sohl, E., Holzmann, P.J., Woude, C.J. van der, Dijkstra, G., Stokkers, P.C.F., Oldenburg, B., Netelenbos, J.C., Hommes, D.W., Bodegraven, A.A. van, Lips, P., Dutch Initiative Crohn Colitis ICC, Research Institute MOVE, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Internal medicine, Clinical chemistry, Epidemiology and Data Science, Gastroenterology and hepatology, MOVE Research Institute, CCA - Innovative therapy, Other departments, Internal Medicine, and Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Bone density, Bone Histomorphometry, GASTROINTESTINAL-DISEASE, Osteoporosis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Bone resorption, Pathogenesis, Biopsy, medicine, Hepatology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Bone Histomorphometry Osteocyte Apoptosis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Osteoporosis inflammatory-bowel-disease osteocyte density gastrointestinal-disease postmenopausal women osteoporosis raloxifene, OSTEOCYTE DENSITY, business.industry, Osteocyte Apoptosis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Crohn's Disease Activity Index, medicine.anatomical_structure, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, RALOXIFENE, Osteocyte, business, INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE
Abstract

Background & Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with an increased prevalence of osteoporosis, but the pathogenesis of this bone loss is only partly understood. We assessed bone structure and remodeling at the tissue level in patients with quiescent CD. We also investigated the roles of osteocyte density and apoptosis in CD-associated bone loss. Methods: The study included 23 patients with quiescent CD; this was a subgroup of patients from a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. We obtained transiliac bone biopsy samples and performed histomorphometric analysis. Results: were compared with data from age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (controls). Results: Trabecular bone volume was decreased among patients with CD compared with controls (18.90% vs 25.49%; P < .001). The low bone volume was characterized by decreased trabecular thickness (120.61 vs 151.42 μm; P < .01). Bone formation and resorption were reduced, as indicated by a decreased mineral apposition rate (0.671 vs 0.746 μm/day; P < .01) and a low osteoclast number and surface area compared with controls and published values, respectively. In trabecular bone of patients with CD, osteocyte density and apoptosis were normal. The percentage of empty lacunae among patients was higher than that of published values in controls. Conclusions:: In adult patients with quiescent CD, bone histomorphometric analysis revealed a reduction in bone mass that was characterized by trabecular thinning. The CD-associated bone loss was caused by reduced bone formation, possibly as a consequence of decreased osteocyte viability in the patients' past. © 2011 AGA Institute.

Published
2011
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36. The association between common vitamin D receptor gene variations and osteoporosis

Author

Uitterlinden, A. G., Ralston, S. H., Brandi, M. L., Carey, A. H., Grinberg, D., Langdahl, B. L., Lips, P., Lorenc, R., Obermayer-Pietsxch, B., Reeve, J., Reid, D. M., Amedei, A., Bassiti, A., Bustamante, M., Husted, L. B., Diez-Perez, A., Dobnig, H., Dunning, A. M., Enjuanes, A., Fahrleitner-Pammer, A., Fang, Y., Karczmarewicz, E., Kruk, M., Johannes van Leeuwen, Mavilia, C., Meurs, J. B. J., Mangion, J., Mcguigan, F. E. A., Pols, H. A. P., Renner, W., Rivadeneira, F., Schoor, N. M., Scollen, S., Sherlock, R. E., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Parsons, C., Bear, S., Farmer, R., Lukaszkiewicz, J., Bilinski, P., Czerwinski, E., Lewinski, A., Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E., Milewicz, A., Spaczynski, M., Jaworski, M., Nuti, R., Grazio, S., Miazgowski, T., Boonen, R., Masaryk, P., Stepan, J. J., Lopes Vaz, A., Cannata, J., Weber, K., Benevolenskaya, L. I., Todd, C., Khaw, K. -T, Da Silva, J., Bhalla, A., Poor, G., Bruges Armas, J., Lyritis, G., O Neill, T. W., Lunt, M., Compston, J., Cooper, C., Duncan, E., Keen, R., Mclellan, A., Wass, J., Dekema, E., Essen, H., Pluijm, S., Bravenboer, N., Hofman, A., Duijn, C. M., Jong, P. J., Breteler, M. M., Stricker, B. H., Witteman, J. C., Internal medicine, VU University medical center, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
Male, Bone density, Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis/*genetics, Fractures, Bone/genetics, Calcitriol receptor, Fractures, Bone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bone Density, Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics, CDX2 Transcription Factor, Prospective Studies, Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific, Promoter Regions, Genetic, education.field_of_study, biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, FokI, Vitamin D3 Receptor, Female, musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, Bone Density/*genetics, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, TaqI, Genotype, Population, Polymorphism, Genetic, Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Humans, education, Aged, Homeodomain Proteins, business.industry, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, chemistry, Haplotypes, biology.protein, Receptors, Calcitriol, business
Abstract

Background: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in the genetic regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). However, the clinical impact of these variants remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the relation between VDR polymorphisms, BMD, and fractures. Design: Prospective multicenter large-scale association study. Setting: The Genetic Markers for Osteoporosis consortium, involving 9 European research teams. Participants: 26 242 participants (18 405 women). Measurements: Cdx2 promoter, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms; BMD at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine by dual x-ray absorptiometry; and fractures. Results: Comparisons of BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck showed nonsignificant differences less than 0.011 g/cm2 for any genotype with or without adjustments. A total of 6067 participants reported a history of fracture, and 2088 had vertebral fractures. For all VDR alleles, odds ratios for fractures were very close to 1.00 (range, 0.98 to 1.02) and collectively the 95% CIs ranged from 0.94 (lowest) to 1.07 (highest). For vertebral fractures, we observed a 9% (95% CI, 0% to 18%; P = 0.039) risk reduction for the Cdx2 A-allele (13% risk reduction in a dominant model). Limitations: The authors analyzed only selected VDR polymorphisms. Heterogeneity was detected in some analyses and may reflect some differences in collection of fracture data across cohorts. Not all fractures were related to osteoporosis. Conclusions: The FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI VDR polymorphisms are not associated with BMD or with fractures, but the Cdx2 polymorphism may be associated with risk for vertebral fractures.

Published
2006
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37. Biomechanics of bone cells

Author

Pathak, J.L., Jansen, I.D.C., Bravenboer, N., Klein-Nulend, J., Bakker, A.D., Simpson, H., Augat, P., Oral Cell Biology, Periodontology, Orale Celbiologie (ORM, ACTA), and Parodontologie (OII, ACTA)

Published
2015

39. Effects of Chronic Estrogen Administration in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (VMH) on Fat and Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

Author

Zhang, Z., primary, Liu, J., additional, Veldhuis-Vlug, A. G., additional, Su, Y., additional, Foppen, E., additional, van der Eerden, B. C. J., additional, Koedam, M., additional, Bravenboer, N., additional, Kalsbeek, A., additional, Boelen, A., additional, Fliers, E., additional, and Bisschop, P. H., additional

Published
2016
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41. The Artificial Gravity Platform (AGP); a Very Large Radius Centrifuge as Human Hypergravity Habitat

Author

Jack JWA van Loon, Albiol, J., Baeyens, J. P., Barakova, E., Belavy, D., Berte, J., Blanc, S., Bok, K., Bos, J., Boyle, R., Braak, L., Bravenboer, N., Carotenuto, L., Chouker, A., Clement, G., Cras, P., Cross, E., Custaud, M. A., DE ANGELIS, Marco, de Boever, P., de Haas, O., Delavaux, T., Delfos, R., Denise, P., Eekhoff, M., Eiken, O., Felsenberg, D., Fong, K., Fuller, C., Goswami, N., Grillner, S., Groen, E., Harlaar, J., Heer, M., Heglund, N., Hinghofer Szalkay, H., Hughes Fulford, M., Iwase, S., Karemaker, Jm, Langdahl, B., Linnarsson, D., Lobascio, C., Lüthen, C., Mayrhofer, M., Mekjavic, I., Monici, M., Moss, M., Mulder, E., Narici, M., Norsk, P., O’Gorman, D., Paloski, W., Poelma, C., Prisk, K., Rauterberg, M., Rutten, M., Schultz, L., Singer, P., Sommeria, J., Stegeman, D., Stephan, A., Stienen, G., Strollo, F., Stutte, G., Suedfeld, P., Tesch, P., Ullrich, O., van den Berg, R., van de Heyning, P., GJ van Heijst, Vico, L., Woodward, E., Young, L., and Wuyts, F. L.

Published
2014

43. Vitamin D-Related Disorders

Author

Lips, P.T.A.M., Bravenboer, N., van Schoor, N.M., Rosen, C., EMGO+ - Musculoskeletal Health, and Research Institute MOVE

Published
2013

45. A Large Human Centrifuge for Exploration and Exploitation Research

Author

Loon, J. J. W. A., Baeyens, J. P., Berte, J., Blanc, S., Braak, L., Bok, K., Jelte Bos, Boyle, R., Bravenboer, N., Eekhoff, E. M. W., Chouker, A., Clement, G., Cras, P., Cross, E., Custaud, M. A., Angelis, M., Delavaux, T., Delfos, R., Poelma, C., Denise, P., Felsenberg, D., Fong, K., Fuller, C., Grillner, S., Groen, E., Harlaar, J., Heer, M., Heglund, N., Hinghofer-Szalkay, H., Goswami, N., Hughes-Fulford, M., Iwase, S., Karemaker, J. M., Langdahl, B. L., Linnarsson, D., Lüthen, C., Monici, M., Mulder, E., Narici, M. V., Norsk, P., Paloski, W., Prisk, K., Rutten, M., Singer, P., Stegeman, D. F., Stephan, A., Stienen, G. J. M., Suedfeld, P., Tesch, P., Ullrich, O., Den Berg, R., Heyning, P., Delahaye, A., Veyt, J., Vico, L., Woodward, E., Young, L., Wuyts, F. L., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Oral Pathology, Clinical chemistry, Internal medicine, Rehabilitation medicine, Physiology, MOVE Research Institute, Kinesiology, Movement Behavior, and Research Institute MOVE

Published
2012

47. Primary human osteoblasts in response to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Author

Van Der Meijden, K. (Karen), Lips, P. (Paul), Driel, M. (Marjolein) van, Heijboer, M.P. (Rien), Schulten, E.A.J.M. (Engelbert A. J. M.), Heijer, M. (Martin) den, Bravenboer, N. (Nathalie), Van Der Meijden, K. (Karen), Lips, P. (Paul), Driel, M. (Marjolein) van, Heijboer, M.P. (Rien), Schulten, E.A.J.M. (Engelbert A. J. M.), Heijer, M. (Martin) den, and Bravenboer, N. (Nathalie)

Abstract

The most biologically active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has well known direct effects on osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro. The precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) can affect osteoblast function via conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3, however, it is largely unknown whether 25(OH)D3 can affect primary osteoblast function on its own. Furthermore, 25(OH)D3 is not only converted to 1,25(OH)2D3, but also to 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) which may have bioactivity as well. Therefore we used a primary human osteoblast model to examine whether 25(OH)D3 itself can affect osteoblast function using CYP27B1 silencing and to investigate whether 24R,25(OH)2D3 can affect osteoblast function. We showed that primary human osteoblasts responded to both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 by reducing their proliferation and enhancing their differentiation by the increase of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Osteoblasts expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 and synthesized 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 dose-dependently. Silencing of CYP27B1 resulted in a decline of 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis, but we observed no significant differences in mRNA levels of differentiation markers in CYP27B1-silenced cells compared to control cells after treatment with 25(OH)D3. We demonstrated that 24R,25(OH)2D3 increased mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin. In addition, 24R,25(OH)2D3 strongly increased CYP24 mRNA. In conclusion, the vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 can affect osteoblast differentiation directly or indirectly. We showed that primary human osteoblasts not only respond to 1,25(OH)2D3, but also to 24R,25(OH)2D3 by enhancing osteoblast differentiation. This suggests that 25(OH)D3 can affect osteoblast differentiation via conversion to the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3, but also via conversion to 24R,25(OH)2D3. Whether 25(OH)D3 has direct actions on osteoblast function needs further investi

Published
2014
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48. No role for vitamin D or a moderate fat diet in aging induced cognitive decline and emotional reactivity in C57BL/6 mice

Author

Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, LS Dierenwelzijn & Proefdierkunde, Dep of Animals in Science and Society, ASS E&C2, FAH E&C, Emotion and Cognition, Brouwer-Brolsma, E.M., Schuurman, T., de Groot, L.C.P.G.M., Feskens, E.J.M., Lute, C., Naninck, E.F.G., Arndt, S.S., van der Staay, F.J., Bravenboer, N., Korosi, A., Steegenga, W.T., Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, LS Dierenwelzijn & Proefdierkunde, Dep of Animals in Science and Society, ASS E&C2, FAH E&C, Emotion and Cognition, Brouwer-Brolsma, E.M., Schuurman, T., de Groot, L.C.P.G.M., Feskens, E.J.M., Lute, C., Naninck, E.F.G., Arndt, S.S., van der Staay, F.J., Bravenboer, N., Korosi, A., and Steegenga, W.T.

Published
2014

49. Primary Human Osteoblasts in Response to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and 24R, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3

Author

van der Meijden, K, Lips, P, Driel, Marjolein, Heijboer, AC, Schulten, EAJM, Heijer, Mariska, Bravenboer, N, van der Meijden, K, Lips, P, Driel, Marjolein, Heijboer, AC, Schulten, EAJM, Heijer, Mariska, and Bravenboer, N

Abstract

The most biologically active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)(2)D-3) has well known direct effects on osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro. The precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH) D-3) can affect osteoblast function via conversion to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3, however, it is largely unknown whether 25(OH) D-3 can affect primary osteoblast function on its own. Furthermore, 25(OH) D-3 is not only converted to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3, but also to 24R, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3) which may have bioactivity as well. Therefore we used a primary human osteoblast model to examine whether 25(OH) D-3 itself can affect osteoblast function using CYP27B1 silencing and to investigate whether 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3 can affect osteoblast function. We showed that primary human osteoblasts responded to both 25(OH) D-3 and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 by reducing their proliferation and enhancing their differentiation by the increase of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Osteoblasts expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 and synthesized 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3 dose-dependently. Silencing of CYP27B1 resulted in a decline of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 synthesis, but we observed no significant differences in mRNA levels of differentiation markers in CYP27B1-silenced cells compared to control cells after treatment with 25(OH) D-3. We demonstrated that 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3 increased mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin. In addition, 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3 strongly increased CYP24 mRNA. In conclusion, the vitamin D metabolites 25(OH) D-3, 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3 can affect osteoblast differentiation directly or indirectly. We showed that primary human osteoblasts not only respond to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3, but also to 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3 by enhancing osteoblast differentiation. This suggests that 25(OH) D-3 can affect osteoblast differentiation via conversion to the active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D-3, but also via conversion to 24R, 25(OH)(2)D-3. W

Published
2014

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