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623 results on '"Branquinho, Cristina"'

1. Vulnerability of mineral-associated soil organic carbon to climate across global drylands

Author

Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Maestre, Fernando T., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Eldridge, David J., Saiz, Hugo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Asensio, Sergio, Berdugo, Miguel, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., García-Gil, Juan C., Zaccone, Claudio, Panettieri, Marco, García-Palacios, Pablo, Fan, Wei, Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Rey, Ana, Eisenhauer, Nico, Cesarz, Simone, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Aramayo, Valeria, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Branquinho, Cristina, Bu, Chongfeng, Cáceres, Yonatan, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Currier, Courtney M., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Deák, Balázs, Dickman, Christopher R., Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew J., Durán, Jorge, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Gusman Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., von Hessberg, Andreas, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Geissler, Katja, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, Koopman, Jessica E., Le Roux, Peter C., Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jushan, Louw, Michelle A., Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Mazaneda, Antonio J., McClaran, Mitchel P., Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Reyes, Victor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Julius, Sloan, Michael, Solongo, Shijirbaatar, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R. A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha, Val, James, Valko, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan M., Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Plaza, César

Published
2024
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2. Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world

Author

Gross, Nicolas, Maestre, Fernando T., Liancourt, Pierre, Berdugo, Miguel, Martin, Raphaël, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maire, Vincent, Saiz, Hugo, Soliveres, Santiago, Valencia, Enrique, Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Jabot, Franck, Asensio, Sergio, Gaitán, Juan J., García-Gómez, Miguel, Martínez, Paloma, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Pescador, David S., Plaza, César, Pijuan, Ivan Santaolaria, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Amghar, Fateh, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bailey, Lydia, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Branquinho, Cristina, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea del P., Castro, Helena, Castro, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Donoso, David A., Durán, Jorge, Espinosa, Carlos, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan, Gonzalez, Sofía, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jeltsch, Florian, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, le Roux, Peter, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Manzaneda, Antonio J., Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gaston R., Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Ramírez-Iglesias, Elizabeth, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Pedro J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Rolo, Victor, Rubalcaba, Juan G., Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha, Undrakhbold, Sainbileg, Val, James, Valkó, Orsolya, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Lixin, Wang, Deli, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolff, Peter, Yahdjian, Laura, Yari, Reza, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan Manuel, Zhang, Yuanling, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann

Published
2024
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3. Cork oak woodlands and decline: a social-ecological review and future transdisciplinary approaches

Author

Lopes-Fernandes, Margarida, Martínez-Fernández, Ernesto, Alves, Rui, Boa-Nova, Daniel, Branquinho, Cristina, Bugalho, Miguel N, Campos-Mardones, Felipe, Coca-Pérez, Agustin, Frazão-Moreira, Amélia, Marques, Marco, Moreno-Ortiz, Javier, Paulo, Octávio, Príncipe, Adriana, Quintero, Victoria, Sendim, Alfredo, Sobral, Hernani, and Escalera-Reyes, Javier

Published
2024
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7. Image analysis for automatic measurement of crustose lichens

Author

Guedes, Pedro, Oliveira, Maria Alexandra, Branquinho, Cristina, and Silva, João Nuno

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, I.4.1, I.4.9, J.3, I.5.4
Abstract

Lichens, organisms resulting from a symbiosis between a fungus and an algae, are frequently used as age estimators, especially in recent geological deposits and archaeological structures, using the correlation between lichen size and age. Current non-automated manual lichen and measurement (with ruler, calipers or using digital image processing tools) is a time-consuming and laborious process, especially when the number of samples is high. This work presents a workflow and set of image acquisition and processing tools developed to efficiently identify lichen thalli in flat rocky surfaces, and to produce relevant lichen size statistics (percentage cover, number of thalli, their area and perimeter). The developed workflow uses a regular digital camera for image capture along with specially designed targets to allow for automatic image correction and scale assignment. After this step, lichen identification is done in a flow comprising assisted image segmentation and classification based on interactive foreground extraction tool (GrabCut) and automatic classification of images using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) for image segmentation and Support Vector Machines (SV) and Random Forest classifiers. Initial evaluation shows promising results. The manual classification of images (for training) using GrabCut show an average speedup of 4 if compared with currently used techniques and presents an average precision of 95\%. The automatic classification using SLIC and SVM with default parameters produces results with average precision higher than 70\%. The developed system is flexible and allows a considerable reduction of processing time, the workflow allows it applicability to data sets of new lichen populations.

Published
2022

12. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author

Santangelo, James S, Ness, Rob W, Cohan, Beata, Fitzpatrick, Connor R, Innes, Simon G, Koch, Sophie, Miles, Lindsay S, Munim, Samreen, Peres-Neto, Pedro R, Prashad, Cindy, Tong, Alex T, Aguirre, Windsor E, Akinwole, Philips O, Alberti, Marina, Álvarez, Jackie, Anderson, Jill T, Anderson, Joseph J, Ando, Yoshino, Andrew, Nigel R, Angeoletto, Fabio, Anstett, Daniel N, Anstett, Julia, Aoki-Gonçalves, Felipe, Arietta, AZ Andis, Arroyo, Mary TK, Austen, Emily J, Baena-Díaz, Fernanda, Barker, Cory A, Baylis, Howard A, Beliz, Julia M, Benitez-Mora, Alfonso, Bickford, David, Biedebach, Gabriela, Blackburn, Gwylim S, Boehm, Mannfred MA, Bonser, Stephen P, Bonte, Dries, Bragger, Jesse R, Branquinho, Cristina, Brans, Kristien I, Bresciano, Jorge C, Brom, Peta D, Bucharova, Anna, Burt, Briana, Cahill, James F, Campbell, Katelyn D, Carlen, Elizabeth J, Carmona, Diego, Castellanos, Maria Clara, Centenaro, Giada, Chalen, Izan, Chaves, Jaime A, Chávez-Pesqueira, Mariana, Chen, Xiao-Yong, Chilton, Angela M, Chomiak, Kristina M, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F, Cisse, Ibrahim K, Classen, Aimée T, Comerford, Mattheau S, Fradinger, Camila Cordoba, Corney, Hannah, Crawford, Andrew J, Crawford, Kerri M, Dahirel, Maxime, David, Santiago, De Haan, Robert, Deacon, Nicholas J, Dean, Clare, del-Val, Ek, Deligiannis, Eleftherios K, Denney, Derek, Dettlaff, Margarete A, DiLeo, Michelle F, Ding, Yuan-Yuan, Domínguez-López, Moisés E, Dominoni, Davide M, Draud, Savannah L, Dyson, Karen, Ellers, Jacintha, Espinosa, Carlos I, Essi, Liliana, Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen, Falcão, Jéssica CF, Fargo, Hayden T, Fellowes, Mark DE, Fitzpatrick, Raina M, Flaherty, Leah E, Flood, Pádraic J, Flores, María F, Fornoni, Juan, Foster, Amy G, Frost, Christopher J, Fuentes, Tracy L, Fulkerson, Justin R, Gagnon, Edeline, Garbsch, Frauke, Garroway, Colin J, Gerstein, Aleeza C, and Giasson, Mischa M

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Cities, Ecosystem, Genes, Plant, Genome, Plant, Hydrogen Cyanide, Rural Population, Trifolium, Urbanization, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.

Published
2022

13. GAPS: Geo Data Portals for Air Pollution Studies

Author

Fernandes, Filipe, Serrano, Helena, Oliveira, Maria Alexandra, Branquinho, Cristina, and Silva, João Nuno

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases, Computer Science - Digital Libraries
Abstract

There is a wealth of data on air pollution within several users' reach, including modelled concentrations and depositions as well as observations from air quality stations. However, data integration to perceive spatial and temporal trends at the national level is a complex undertaking. The difficulties are mainly related to the data sources (many files with a lot of information and in different formats). In addition, the processing of this data is time-consuming and impractical when the time period under analysis increases. Furthermore,the processing of spatial-temporal data requires the use of multiple specific tools, such as geographic information systems software and statistical, which are not readily accessible to non-specialised users. The proposed solution is to develop libraries that are responsible for aggregating different types of data related with pollution. In addition to allowing the integration of different data, the libraries are also the basis for developing web applications. The libraries allow the collection of data made available by the Portuguese Environment Agency (APA) and official modelling results for Europe. The applications developed will extend the libraries to allow data processing and representation through Dashboards. These Dashboards provide access to non-specialised users, namely regarding the trends of pollutants in each region. The implemented libraries allow the development of projects that would need access to the same data sources. These Dashboards allow for simplified access to data and for studies that have so far been beyond the reach of researchers.

Published
2021

14. A daily time-step hydrological-energy-biomass model to estimate green roof performances across Europe to support planning and policies

Author

Quaranta, Emanuele, Arkar, Ciril, Branquinho, Cristina, Cristiano, Elena, de Carvalho, Ricardo Cruz, Dohnal, Michal, Gnecco, Ilaria, Gößner, Dominik, Jelinkova, Vladimira, Maucieri, Carmelo, Mohri, Milena, Nektarios, Panayiotis A., Ntoulas, Nikolaos, Palermo, Stefania Anna, Palla, Anna, Piro, Patrizia, Serrano, Helena Cristina, Soulis, Konstantinos X., Turco, Michele, Van Renterghem, Timothy, Varela, Zulema, Viola, Francesco, Zanin, Giampaolo, and Pistocchi, Alberto

Published
2024
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24. Vulnerability of mineral-associated soil organic carbon to climate across global drylands

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Maestre, Fernando T., Moreno Jiménez, Eduardo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Eldridge, David J., Saiz, Hugo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Asensio, Sergio, Berdugo, Miguel, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., García-Gil, Juan C., Zaccone, Claudio, Panettieri, Marco, García-Palacios, Pablo, Fan, Wei, Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Rey, Ana, Eisenhauer, Nico, Cesarz, Simone, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Aramayo, Valeria, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo E., Branquinho, Cristina, Bu, Chongfeng, Cáceres, Yonatan, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Currier, Courtney M., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Deák, Balázs, Dickman, Christopher R., Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew J., Durán, Jorge, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Gusman Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., von Hessberg, Andreas, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Geissler, Katja, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, Koopman, Jessica E., Le Roux, Peter C., Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jushan, Louw, Michelle A., Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Mazaneda, Antonio J., McClaran, Mitchel, Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Reyes, Victor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sloan, Michael, Solongo, Shijirbaatar, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R.A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha K., Val, James, Valko, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan M., Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, Plaza, César, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Maestre, Fernando T., Moreno Jiménez, Eduardo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Eldridge, David J., Saiz, Hugo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Gozalo, Beatriz, Ochoa, Victoria, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Asensio, Sergio, Berdugo, Miguel, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Mendoza, Betty J., García-Gil, Juan C., Zaccone, Claudio, Panettieri, Marco, García-Palacios, Pablo, Fan, Wei, Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Rey, Ana, Eisenhauer, Nico, Cesarz, Simone, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Aramayo, Valeria, Arroyo, Antonio I., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Ben Salem, Farah, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo E., Branquinho, Cristina, Bu, Chongfeng, Cáceres, Yonatan, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Currier, Courtney M., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Deák, Balázs, Dickman, Christopher R., Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew J., Durán, Jorge, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Ferrante, Daniela, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Gusman Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M., von Hessberg, Andreas, Hölzel, Norbert, Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Geissler, Katja, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Kindermann, Liana, Koopman, Jessica E., Le Roux, Peter C., Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jushan, Louw, Michelle A., Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, Margerie, Pierre, Mazaneda, Antonio J., McClaran, Mitchel, Messeder, João Vitor S., Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Reyes, Victor M., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Ruppert, Jan C., Sala, Osvaldo, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sloan, Michael, Solongo, Shijirbaatar, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R.A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Throop, Heather L., Tielbörger, Katja, Travers, Samantha K., Val, James, Valko, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zeberio, Juan M., Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Plaza, César

Abstract

Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) constitutes a major fraction of global soil carbon and is assumed less sensitive to climate than particulate organic carbon (POC) due to protection by minerals. Despite its importance for long-term carbon storage, the response of MAOC to changing climates in drylands, which cover more than 40% of the global land area, remains unexplored. Here we assess topsoil organic carbon fractions across global drylands using a standardized field survey in 326 plots from 25 countries and 6 continents. We find that soil biogeochemistry explained the majority of variation in both MAOC and POC. Both carbon fractions decreased with increases in mean annual temperature and reductions in precipitation, with MAOC responding similarly to POC. Therefore, our results suggest that ongoing climate warming and aridification may result in unforeseen carbon losses across global drylands, and that the protective role of minerals may not dampen these effects.

Published
2024

25. Linking drivers of food insecurity and ecosystem services in Africa.

Author

Aryee, Gregory Ayitey, Dias Sardinha, Idalina, and Branquinho, Cristina

Subjects
FOOD security, ECOSYSTEM services, SUSTAINABILITY, PAYMENTS for ecosystem services, AGRICULTURAL intensification, CLIMATE change adaptation, ADOPTIVE parents
Abstract

Food insecurity is a multidimensional and intricate problem, known to have significant implications for individuals, communities, and countries worldwide. Africa has become the continent that is experiencing this uncertainty the most. Food Security (FS) encompasses several aspects such as availability, accessibility, nutrient use, and supply system stability with time and, more recently, other obliges to governance/agency and sustainability. Knowing the interconnection between these aspects and the Ecosystems Services (ES) and understanding the relationship and interactions between FS and ES is important. Moreover, this knowledge may contribute to supporting policies that promote long-term sustainable and secure food systems. Hereby, a conceptual framework is presented, that examines interactions between food insecurity drivers and ecosystem change drivers and the combined influence on ES. Our review further introduces existing trade-offs between ES on account of agricultural intensification vs. key existing strategies to promote sustainable agricultural production. These strategies include climate-smart agriculture, sustainably managed land, and effective handling of water resources. In the end, the potential of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), as a suitable approach to ensuring these strategies are adopted, especially in African countries where sustainable financial incentives are currently under-explored is discussed. In resume, this review aims to make a conceptual contribution to understanding how drivers of food insecurity influence drivers of ecosystem changes, the impact of these influences on the services of ecosystems, and how sustainable agro approaches and PES introduction can help to reduce such negative impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Consequence of altered nitrogen cycles in the coupled human and ecological system under changing climate: The need for long-term and site-based research.

Author

Shibata, Hideaki, Branquinho, Cristina, McDowell, William H, Mitchell, Myron J, Monteith, Don T, Tang, Jianwu, Arvola, Lauri, Cruz, Cristina, Cusack, Daniela F, Halada, Lubos, Kopáček, Jiří, Máguas, Cristina, Sajidu, Samson, Schubert, Hendrik, Tokuchi, Naoko, and Záhora, Jaroslav

Subjects
Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nitrogen Cycle, Atmospheric deposition, Biogeochemistry, Water quality, N2O, Nitrogen leaching, Ecology
Abstract

Anthropogenically derived nitrogen (N) has a central role in global environmental changes, including climate change, biodiversity loss, air pollution, greenhouse gas emission, water pollution, as well as food production and human health. Current understanding of the biogeochemical processes that govern the N cycle in coupled human-ecological systems around the globe is drawn largely from the long-term ecological monitoring and experimental studies. Here, we review spatial and temporal patterns and trends in reactive N emissions, and the interactions between N and other important elements that dictate their delivery from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, and the impacts of N on biodiversity and human society. Integrated international and long-term collaborative studies covering research gaps will reduce uncertainties and promote further understanding of the nitrogen cycle in various ecosystems.

Published
2015

31. Shifts in grasses diversity patterns between two contrasting 40‐year climate periods in tropical dry islands.

Author

Duarte, Maria Cristina, Rocha, Vanézia, Fernández‐Palacios, José María, Gomes, Isildo, Neto, Carlos, Costa, José C., Branquinho, Cristina, and Romeiras, Maria M.

Subjects
TROPICAL climate, TRADE winds, SPECIES distribution, ISLANDS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, PERENNIALS
Abstract

Grasses are one of the most successful and dispersed plant families worldwide and their environmental and economic values are widely acknowledged. They dominate the landscape of Cabo Verde, the southernmost and driest archipelago of Macaronesia, and are relevant natural resources for local populations, but a comprehensive evaluation of their distribution patterns is still lacking. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential effects of climate change using the long‐term data concerning grass distribution in Cabo Verde and the widely recognized climatic variability of this archipelago, which entails a huge irregularity in spatial and temporal rainfall. We identified two contrasting climatic periods (wet, from 1929 to 1968, and dry, from 1969 to 2007) and gathered all the information available from the bibliography, herbaria, and fieldwork concerning spontaneous grass species recorded in Cabo Verde during those two periods, which amounted to 107 taxa. This information was then used to disclose the patterns of grass diversity as related to climatic and topographic variables (altitude and windward vs. leeward aspects). Different altitudinal shifts in the distribution patterns of grass species assemblages and an assemblage specific to the wet period were revealed by comparing the two climatic periods. The role of exposure in delimiting the altitudinal distribution of the various assemblages was highlighted; the trade winds clearly determine the distribution of grass assemblages. We detected shifts in the distribution of grass assemblages according to the climatic periods (related to the macroclimate) and local topographic factors (associated with mesoclimates). Also, functional traits (i.e., annuals vs. perennials, C3 vs. C4 grasses, and tropical vs. temperate species) were found to vary between wet and dry periods, as well as with altitude and with slope aspect. Understanding species distributions and the role of the climatic variability of Cabo Verde is crucial to predicting how climate change will affect them and thus to support effective management and conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Biodiversity as Support for Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing

Author

Pinho, Pedro, Moretti, Marco, Luz, Ana Catarina, Grilo, Filipa, Vieira, Joana, Luís, Leena, Rosalino, Luís Miguel, Martins-Loução, Maria Amélia, Santos-Reis, Margarida, Correia, Otília, Garcia-Pereira, Patrícia, Gonçalves, Paula, Matos, Paula, Cruz de Carvalho, Ricardo, Rebelo, Rui, Dias, Teresa, Mexia, Teresa, Branquinho, Cristina, Ahern, Jack, Advisory board, Bolte, John, Advisory board, Dawson, Richard J., Advisory board, Devine-Wright, Patrick, Advisory board, Green, Raymond James, Advisory board, Guntenspergen, Glenn R., Advisory board, Haase, Dagmar, Advisory board, Jenks, Mike, Advisory board, Konijnendijk, Cecil C., Series editor, Nassauer, Joan, Advisory board, Pauleit, Stephan, Advisory board, Pickett, Steward, Advisory board, Vale, Robert, Advisory board, van Bueren, Ellen M., Advisory board, Yeang, Ken, Advisory board, Yokohari, Makoto, Advisory board, Pearlmutter, David, editor, Calfapietra, Carlo, editor, Samson, Roeland, editor, O'Brien, Liz, editor, Krajter Ostoić, Silvija, editor, Sanesi, Giovanni, editor, and Alonso del Amo, Rocío, editor

Published
2017
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39. Urban Green Connectivity Assessment: A Comparative Study of Datasets in European Cities.

Author

Aleixo, Cristiana, Branquinho, Cristina, Laanisto, Lauri, Tryjanowski, Piotr, Niinemets, Ülo, Moretti, Marco, Samson, Roeland, and Pinho, Pedro

Subjects
*CITIES & towns, *URBAN ecology, *URBAN biodiversity, *NORMALIZED difference vegetation index, *ECOSYSTEM services, *CLASSIFICATION
Abstract

Urban biodiversity and ecosystem services depend on the quality, quantity, and connectivity of urban green areas (UGAs), which are crucial for enhancing urban livability and resilience. However, assessing these connectivity metrics in urban landscapes often suffers from outdated land cover classifications and insufficient spatial resolution. Spectral data from Earth Observation, though promising, remains underutilized in analyzing UGAs' connectivity. This study tests the impact of dataset choices on UGAs' connectivity assessment, comparing land cover classification (Urban Atlas) and spectral data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI). Conducted in seven European cities, the analysis included 219 UGAs of varying sizes and connectivity levels, using three connectivity metrics (size, proximity index, and surrounding green area) at different spatial scales. The results showed substantial disparities in connectivity metrics, especially at finer scales and shorter distances. These differences are more pronounced in cities with contiguous UGAs, where Urban Atlas faces challenges related to typology issues and minimum mapping units. Overall, spectral data provides a more comprehensive and standardized evaluation of UGAs' connectivity, reducing reliance on local typology classifications. Consequently, we advocate for integrating spectral data into UGAs' connectivity analysis to advance urban biodiversity and ecosystem services research. This integration offers a comprehensive and standardized framework for guiding urban planning and management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Transformative or piecemeal? Changes in green space planning and governance in eleven European cities

Author

Hansen, Rieke, Buizer, Marleen, Buijs, Arjen, Pauleit, Stephan, Mattijssen, Thomas, Fors, Hanna, van der Jagt, Alexander, Kabisch, Nadja, Cook, Mandy, Delshammar, Tim, Randrup, Thomas B., Erlwein, Sabrina, Vierikko, Kati, Nieminen, Hanna, Langemeyer, Johannes, Texereau, Camille Soson, Luz, Ana Catarina, Nastran, Mojca, Olafsson, Anton Stahl, Møller, Maja Steen, Haase, Dagmar, Rolf, Werner, Ambrose-Oji, Bianca, Branquinho, Cristina, Havik, Gilles, Kronenberg, Jakub, Konijnendijk, Cecil, Hansen, Rieke, Buizer, Marleen, Buijs, Arjen, Pauleit, Stephan, Mattijssen, Thomas, Fors, Hanna, van der Jagt, Alexander, Kabisch, Nadja, Cook, Mandy, Delshammar, Tim, Randrup, Thomas B., Erlwein, Sabrina, Vierikko, Kati, Nieminen, Hanna, Langemeyer, Johannes, Texereau, Camille Soson, Luz, Ana Catarina, Nastran, Mojca, Olafsson, Anton Stahl, Møller, Maja Steen, Haase, Dagmar, Rolf, Werner, Ambrose-Oji, Bianca, Branquinho, Cristina, Havik, Gilles, Kronenberg, Jakub, and Konijnendijk, Cecil

Abstract

Green (and blue) spaces receive attention as important components of cities that can help to mitigate the effects of climate change, support biodiversity and improve public health. Green space planning aims to transform cities towards urban sustainability and resilience. In a longitudinal study, representatives from eleven European municipalities that had previously been interviewed in 2014 were re-interviewed in 2020-2021 on changes in urban greening and related practices. The interviewees reported mainly advancements in dealing with ecological issues, such as new plans, strategies, regulations or funding programmes for climate adaptation or biodiversity support, as well as some progress in co-governance with non-governmental stakeholders. Promising developments include breaking professional silos by creating new units that can better deal with complex urban issues. In a few cases, high-level local politicians induced profound changes. These changes stimulated the development of new planning and governance cultures, resulting in more co-creation of urban green spaces. However, from a transformation studies perspective, incremental strategies dominate, and even when municipal representatives are aware that substantive changes are needed, they often lack the means to act. For more radical system change, significant extra efforts are needed.

Published
2023

43. The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Terrestrial and Freshwater Biodiversity

Author

Baron, Jill S., Barber, Mary, Adams, Mark, Agboola, Julius I., Allen, Edith B., Bealey, William J., Bobbink, Roland, Bobrovsky, Maxim V., Bowman, William D, Branquinho, Cristina, Bustamente, Mercedes M.C., Clark, Christopher M., Cocking, Edward C., Cruz, Cristina, Davidson, Eric, Denmead, O. Tom, Dias, Teresa, Dise, Nancy B., Feest, Alan, Galloway, James N., Geiser, Linda H., Gilliam, Frank S., Harrison, Ian J., Khanina, Larisa G., Lu, Xiankai, Manrique, Esteban, Hueso, Raúl Ochoa, Ometto, Jean P.H.B., Payne, Richard, Scheuschner, Thomas, Sheppard, Lucy J., Simpson, Gavin L., Singh, Y. V., Stevens, Carly J., Strachan, Ian, Sverdrup, Harald, Tokuchi, Naoko, Dobben, Hans van, Woodin, Sarah, Sutton, Mark A., editor, Mason, Kate E., editor, Sheppard, Lucy J., editor, Sverdrup, Harald, editor, Haeuber, Richard, editor, and Hicks, W. Kevin, editor

Published
2014
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46. Intraspecific variability in herbivore response to elemental defences is caused by the metal itself

Author

Godinho, Diogo, Branquinho, Cristina, Magalhães, sara, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
Ecology, Insect Science, fungi, food and beverages, Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Some plants are able to accumulate on their leaves metals taken from the soil, using this as a defence against herbivorous arthropods. However, herbivore response to metal accumulation in plants is known to be variable. While some species and taxonomic groups are less affected than others, hormetic effects have also been observed in spider-mites, herbivorous crop pests. Still, knowledge on the range and causes of intraspecific variation in the response of herbivores to metal accumulation is lacking. Here, using two species of spider-mites, Tetranychus urticae and T. evansi , we tested the variation of 17 populations in response to cadmium-accumulating tomato plants and the drivers of such variation. We observed a non-linear, hormetic response of mites to plants with cadmium in some, but not all, populations. The same pattern was recaptured in artificial diets with different concentrations of cadmium but not in artificial diets with sugars, which change in the plant in response to cadmium. This indicates that herbivores on metal-accumulating plants respond to metals, not to the variations in leaf carbohydrates. Therefore, metals exert different effects on herbivores according to the amount accumulated, but independently of other plant traits. This knowledge is key to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying herbivore responses to metal-based plant defences and to pesticides containing heavy metals. Additionally, our findings draw attention to the need of considering intraspecific variation and non-linearities when studying the effects of metals and other contaminants on herbivorous arthropods.

Published
2022
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