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2. Field desorption ion source development for neutron generators

Author

Solano, I., Reichenbach, B., Schwoebel, P. R., Chichester, D. L., Holland, C. E., Hertz, K. L., and Brainard, J. P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

A new approach to deuterium ion sources for deuterium-tritium neutron generators is being developed. The source is based upon the field desorption of deuterium from the surfaces of metal tips. Field desorption studies of microfabricated field emitter tip arrays have been conducted for the first time. Maximum fields of 30 V/nm have been applied to the array tip surfaces to date, although achieving fields of 20 V/nm to possibly 25 V/nm is more typical. Both the desorption of atomic deuterium ions and the gas phase field ionization of molecular deuterium has been observed at fields of roughly 20 V/nm and 20-30 V/nm, respectively, at room temperature. The desorption of common surface adsorbates, such as hydrogen, carbon, water, and carbon monoxide is observed at fields exceeding ~10 V/nm. In vacuo heating of the arrays to temperatures of the order of 800 C can be effective in removing many of the surface contaminants observed.

Published
2008
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5. Microbial population structure in a stratified, acidic pit lake in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Author

Grettenberger, C.L., Mccauley Rench, R.L., Gruen, D.S., Mills, D.B., Carney, C., Brainard, J., Hamasaki, H., Ramirez, R., Watanabe, Y., Amaral-Zettler, L.A., Ohmoto, H., Macalady, J.L., Grettenberger, C.L., Mccauley Rench, R.L., Gruen, D.S., Mills, D.B., Carney, C., Brainard, J., Hamasaki, H., Ramirez, R., Watanabe, Y., Amaral-Zettler, L.A., Ohmoto, H., and Macalady, J.L.

Abstract

We examined the geochemistry and bacterial and archaeal community structure in the acidic (pH < 2.4) pit lake at Peña de Hierro, near the headwaters of the Río Tinto. The lake has strong vertical gradients in light, O2, pH, conductivity, and dissolved ions. Bacterial and archaeal communities between 0 and 32 m displayed low species richness and evenness. Relatives of iron cycling taxa accounted for 60-90% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) throughout the water column. Relatives of heterotrophic, facultative Fe(III)-reducing species made up more than a third of the bacterial and archaeal community in the photic zone. Taxa related to Fe(II) oxidizers Ferrithrix thermotolerans and Acidithix ferrooxidans were also abundant in the photic zone. Below the photic zone, relatives of the lithoautotrophic Fe(II) oxidizers Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Ferrovum myxofaciens bloomed at different depths within or just below the oxycline. Thermoplasmatales predominated in the deep, microoxic zone of the lake. The microbial population structure of the lake appears to be influenced by the production of oxygen and organic matter by phototrophs in a narrow zone at the lake surface and by strong geochemical gradients present in the water column that create distinct niches for separate Fe(II) oxidizers.

Published
2020

10. Electronic surveillance.

Author

Kropf, Sara E. and Brainard, J. Owen

Subjects
Electronic surveillance -- Surveys
Published
1998

19. Dealing with Ebola-infected waste: a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points for reducing the risks to public health.

Author

Edmunds, K, Elraham, SA, Bell, DJ, Brainard, J, Derviservic, S, Fedha, TP, Few, R, Howard, G, Lake, I, Maes, P, Matofari, J, Minnigh, J, Mohammedani, AA, Montgomery, M, Morter, S, Muchiri, E, Mudau, LS, Mutau, BM, Ndambuki, JM, Pond, K, Sobsey, M, van der Es, M, Zeitoun, M, Hunter, PR, Edmunds, K, Elraham, SA, Bell, DJ, Brainard, J, Derviservic, S, Fedha, TP, Few, R, Howard, G, Lake, I, Maes, P, Matofari, J, Minnigh, J, Mohammedani, AA, Montgomery, M, Morter, S, Muchiri, E, Mudau, LS, Mutau, BM, Ndambuki, JM, Pond, K, Sobsey, M, van der Es, M, Zeitoun, M, and Hunter, PR

Published
2016

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