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Connectomic Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) covers this highly efficacious treatment option for movement disorders such as Parkinson's Disease, Essential Tremor and Dystonia. The book examines its impact on distributed brain networks that span across the human brain in parallel with modern-day neuroimaging concepts and the connectomics of the brain. It asks several questions, including which cortical areas should DBS electrodes be connected in order to generate the highest possible clinical improvement? Which connections should be avoided? Could these connectomic insights be used to better understand the mechanism of action of DBS? How can they be transferred to individual patients, and more. This book is suitable for neuroscientists, neurologists and functional surgeons studying DBS. It provides practical advice on processing strategies and theoretical background, highlighting and reviewing the current state-of-the-art in connectomic surgery. - Written to provide a'hands-on'approach for neuroscience graduate students, as well as medical personnel from the fields of neurology and neurosurgery - Includes preprocessing strategies (such as co-registration, normalization, lead localization, VTA estimation and fiber-tracking approaches) - Presents references (key articles, books and protocols) for additional detailed study - Provides data analysis boxes in each chapter to help with data interpretation

A comprehensive survey of the state of current practice, this new edition of Brain Stimulation Therapies for Clinicians provides thoroughly updated information on the growing list of electrical stimulation therapies now in use or under study, including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), cortical stimulation (CS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS), as well as new coverage of promising treatments such as low intensity focused ultrasound pulsation (LIFUP) and temporal interference stimulation (TI). After a brief course on the fundamentals of electricity and a refresher on neuroanatomy, the text explores how electricity works within biological systems before progressing to the chapters on individual therapies, which cover the history and evolution of the treatment, the techniques involved, clinical indications, side effects, and an up-to-date review of the evidence base supporting its use. The book is designed to help the reader cut through the initially daunting'alphabet soup'(e.g., ECT, TMS) by providing a clear and straightforward analysis of the prevailing techniques -- an indispensable resource for both clinicians and patients seeking in-depth knowledge of these acronyms and methods.The book's noteworthy features are many: • Refinements in treatment protocols since the last edition are discussed in detail. For example, the sections on ECT cover advances such as focal electrically administered seizure therapy (FEAST) and magnetic seizure therapy (MST), while the TMS chapter covers theta burst and recent approval for obsessive-compulsive disorder.• The underlying science is addressed in the initial review of electricity and physics, information that is foundational to these treatment modalities, but that clinicians do not encounter in the medical school curriculum. The section also addresses the parameters for brain stimulation and how to determine the right dose.• A separate chapter is devoted to low intensity focused ultrasound pulsations (LIFUP) and temporally interfering (TI) electric fields, emerging treatments that have the potential to noninvasively stimulate focal locations deep in the brain without surgery or the implantation of hardware.• The section on using DBS for treatment-resistant Parkinson's disease (PD) is thorough, authoritative, and a boon to clinicians assessing the viability and efficacy of treatment options for their PD patients.• The new edition retains the amusing, but always informative sidebars highlighting the history of brain experimentation and applications of brain stimulation techniques Written in a down-to-earth, accessible style by authors at the forefront of progress in the field, Brain Stimulation Therapies for Clinicians is a rigorous, evidence based review of clinical data that focuses on what we know, what we don't know, and the strength of the evidence.

The electrifying, forgotten history of Robert Heath's brain pacemaker, investigating the origins and ethics of one of today's most promising medical breakthroughs: deep brain stimulationThe technology invented by psychiatrist Robert G. Heath in the 1950s and'60s has been described as among the most controversial experiments in US history. His work was alleged at the time to be part of MKUltra, the CIA's notorious'mind control'project. His research subjects included incarcerated convicts and gay men who wished to be'cured'of their sexual preference. Yet his cutting-edge research and legacy were quickly buried deep in Tulane University's archives. Investigative science journalist Lone Frank now tells the complete sage of this passionate, determined doctor and his groundbreaking neuroscience.More than fifty years after Heath's experiments, this very same treatment is becoming mainstream practice in modern psychiatry for everything from schizophrenia, anorexia, and compulsive behavior to depression, Parkinson's, and even substance addiction.Lone Frank uncovered lost documents and accounts of Heath's trailblazing work. She tracked down surviving colleagues and patients, and she delved into the current support for deep brain stimulation by scientists and patients alike. What has changed? Why do we today unquestioningly embrace this technology as a cure? How do we decide what is a disease of the brain to be cured and what should be allowed to remain unrobed and unprodded? And how do we weigh the decades of criticism against the promise of treatment that could be offered to millions of patients?Elegantly written and deeply fascinating, The Pleasure Shock weaves together biography, scientific history, and medical ethics. It is an adventure into our ever-shifting views of the mind and the fateful power we wield when we tinker with the self.

Deep brain stimulation programming (DBS) continues to grow as an effective therapy for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, helping patients reach optimal control of their disorder. With the technique finding so much success, the next question is how to make the complexities of post-operative programming cost-effective, especially when traditional medications and treatments can no longer do the job. The second edition of Deep Brain Stimulation Programming is fully revised and up-to-date with the latest technologies and focuses on post-operative programing, which no other text does. This book provides programmers with a foundation of the brain as an electrical device, focusing on the mechanisms by which neurons respond to electrical stimulation, how to control the stimulation and the regional anatomy, and the many variations that influence a patient's response to DBS. Dr. Montgomery explores new techniques of programming; including those based on stimulation frequency, closed-loop DBS, and the roles of oscillators in DBS; and new technological advances that make pre-existing theories of pathophysiology obsolete. Key Features of the Second Edition Include · Highlights post-operative deep brain stimulation; · Includes the most recent discoveries in deep brain stimulation programming; · Highly illustrated with figures for absorption of key programming and techniques; · Provides an appendix of additional resources available through the Greenville Neuromodulation Center.

Transcranial brain stimulation has received an increased interest among the scientific community due its capability to modulate cortical excitability, which in turn modifies brain functions resulting in neuroplastic changes. In particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been widely explored for its clinical efficacy, safety, painlessness, portability, ease of application, low cost, well-tolerated among patients, and positive clinical results seen within a few weeks. This noninvasive brain therapy has been used as an adjuvant tool for treating neurological and psychiatric diseases such as chronic pain, depression, obesity, memory and others. The basic principle of tDCS is modulating cerebral functions through applying a weak and direct electric current over the target cortical area. The first chapter of this book provides current research on tDCS and neuroplasticity. Chapter Two provides definitions of dosimetry from both safety and efficacy standpoints and proposes 14 guidelines for safe and effective application of tDCS. Chapter Three examines the use of tDCS and other rehabilitation techniques for patients to improve upper limb motor function after suffering from a stroke. The final chapter studies the effects of cathodal transcranial direct stimulation on epileptic patients.

Deep Brain Stimulation is a comprehensive, yet practical guide for any physician interested in this life changing therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease, tremor, dystonia or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Written by experts in the field from different world renowned institutions, this book gives a unique and comprehensive insight into the universe of deep brain stimulation. Filled with tables and colored figures, this book covers all the aspects of deep brain stimulation, including a historical review, the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism of treatment, intra-operative details from the neurosurgical and the neurophysiologic standpoint, a review of the evidence supporting the use of deep brain stimulation for each disorder, algorithms for patient selection, programming strategies, as well as troubleshooting and prospective indications. It will be useful to residents and fellows, as well as neurologists and psychiatrists already managing or looking into managing the care of patients with deep brain stimulation.

Developed over the past 25 years, Cortical Brain Stimulation has emerged as a brand new, cutting-edge option for the treatment of intractable neurological and psychiatric disorders. Devoid of the mortality and disabling morbidity that may accompany deep brain stimulation, stimulating the cortex with a minimally invasive surgical approach had initially proved its worth for the treatment of Central and other Neuropathic Pain Syndromes and later for Parkinson Disease, Dystonia, Stroke and Coma rehabilitation, Epilepsy, Depression and Tinnitus. Written by many of the pioneers in the field, this authoritative treatise is a comprehensive presentation - from surgical details, to clinical results and mechanisms of action. It also provides the busy clinician with comparisons with non-invasive cortical stimulation techniques, such as TMS and tDCS. No other book deals with this form of brain stimulation. The clinician will harness the power of this formidable new therapeutic option, which is being further refined with the advent of closed-loop stimulation.Dr Canavero deciphered the genesis of the central pain syndromes, introduced extradural cortical stimulation for Parkinson Disease and the vegetative state and co-introduced extradural cortical stimulation for stroke rehabilitation. He made worldwide news in 2008 for partially restoring consciousness in two vegetative patients, in 2013 for proposing the HEAVEN/GEMINI protocol for human head transplantation and in 2014 for pushing brain stimulation in the setting of criminal psychopathy. His books include: Central Pain Syndrome, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011 (2nd ed.), Textbook of therapeutic cortical stimulation, Nova Sci, 2009 and two books in Italian on human sexual behavior.

- A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology. - International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field. - Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care. - A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology. - International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field. - Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the new developments, procedures and applications in the field of deep brain stimulation. Topics discussed in this compilation include deep brain stimulation for Gilles de Tourette syndrome; the impact of subthalamic stimulation on autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease; deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depressive disorders and gamma knife thalamotomy for disabling tremors as an alternative to DBS.

Cognitive deficits are a common consequence of neurological disease, and there is evidence that specific cognitive training may be effective in rehabilitation. Behavioural dysfunction following neurological disease constitutes one of the major causes of disability worldwide, exerts a major impact on the daily life of affected individuals, and their families, also with a financial burden both for patients, and the society in general. Therefore, the adequate treatment of cognitive dysfunction is a much relevant issue, with social and economical implications, over and above the neuropsychological problem per se. Several investigations emphasise the fact that interacting with neural activity, by means of cortical stimulation, can affect cognitive performance. A number of studies have reported enhanced performance in specific cognitive tasks in patients with several types of neurological disease, after receiving Non Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) to specific cortical areas, namely: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and transcranial Electrical Stimulation. In general, the evidence highlights the possibility of inducing changes in cortical excitability, which, in turn, may lead to a plastic reorganization of dysfunctional networks, responsible for the impaired cognitive functions. Despite these advances, a number of important questions remain open, regarding the use of stimulation techniques in cognitive rehabilitation. This special issue puts together international leading experts in the field, to review and discuss recent advances as to whether NIBS techniques alone, or combined with behavioural cognitive rehabilitation, can lead to performance enhancements, and why. The issue is timely and promises to have a huge impact across many domains of clinical and basic neuroscience.

Deep Brain Stimulation Management is a practical guide to the use of this paradigm-shifting therapy for movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. This title is an essential resource for clinicians who wish to begin utilizing DBS, as well as current practitioners seeking to improve their understanding and application of the technique. Highly illustrated and in full color throughout, this comprehensive book covers the key aspects of DBS practice, including patient selection, device programming and activation to achieve optimum symptom control, long-term management, and troubleshooting. With contributions from some of the most experienced clinical leaders in the field of DBS and extremely practical content, this is an essential reference text for any clinician working with DBS patients.

In past years, neuroimaging techniques provided a better insight into mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Chronic pain does not develop as a simple direct result of activity in nociceptive fibers following a traumatic event, but rather represents a consequence of dynamic plastic changes in sensory, affective and cognitive systems and related neuronal networks. The functional neural changes associated with pain include both adaptive compensatory changes, as well as maladaptive changes that may contribute to dysfunction of involved anatomical and physiological systems. In accordance, research findings indicate that patients with some chronic pain syndromes developed functional reorganization of certain brain structures (for example in somatosensory- or motor cortices). Since research studies have shown that reversal of pathological cortical changes in chronic-pain patients is accompanied by pain relief, a modulation of brain excitability seems to be a promising approach to address pain related to central hyperexcitability. This book discusses this topic and how brain stimulation techniques aim to selectively enhance adaptive patterns of neural activity, suppress the maladaptive ones and restore the balance in disturbed neuronal networks.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a remarkable therapy for an expanding range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In many cases it is better than best medical therapy and succeeds even when brain transplants fail. Yet despite the remarkable benefits, many physicians and healthcare professionals seem hesitant to embrace this therapy. Post-operative programming of the DBS systems seems unfamiliar, even mysterious, and is viewed as difficult and time consuming. However, DBS programming is rational and can be efficient and effective if one understands the basing underlying concepts of electronics, electrophysiology, and the relevant regional anatomy. Even these principles can be relatively easy to grasp. The book helps the reader to obtain an intuitive understanding of the basic principles of electronics, electrophysiology and the relevant regional anatomy through the use of readily understood metaphors and numerous illustrations. In addition a number of tools are provided including algorithms to ensure efficient and thorough programming. Forms are provided to help with documentation. In addition, DBS related research provides a remarkable tool to understand how the brain works and what happens in diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Already long cherished theories of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease must be abandoned. Indeed, these DBS derived insights suggest fundamental revisions of theories of brain function are in order. The book provides an introduction to where some of the new theories may lead particularly with the growing awareness of the importance of oscillations in the brain's activities. The brain has more in common with electrical devices, such as computers, than it does to a stew of chemicals. DBS operates at the electrical level in the brain, which is fundamental to how the brain creates, manipulates and conveys information and may indeed be fundamental to the misinformation the results in the dysfunction related to disorders of the brain. For downloadable forms and other relevant material, please visit: http://www.uab.edu/DBS_PrinciplesAndPractice

In neurotechnology, deep brain stimulation (DBS) refers to a surgical treatment involving the implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain. DBS in select brain regions has provided remarkable therapeutic benefits for otherwise treatment-resistant movement and affective disorders such as chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, tremor and dystonia. Despite the long history of DBS, its underlying principles and mechanisms are still not clear. While DBS has proven helpful for some patients, there is potential for serious complications and side effects. This book presents current research on this cutting edge treatment. Success of functional stereotactic procedures is shown to depend on a variety of factors, including patient selection, methodology of choice and localization of the target, and the experience of the neurosurgery team. Complications on the use of the procedure in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease are also presented. The use of Vagus nerve stimulation on treatment-resistant patients with major depression is discussed as well.

Brain stimulation -- focally applying electricity to the brain -- is a field with a rapidly expanding and promising array of techniques, which already have proven efficacy in treating conditions ranging from Parkinson's disease to chronic and acute pain to depression. Comprehensively surveying the landscape of current practice, Brain Stimulation Therapies for Clinicians provides a clear and straightforward analysis of the many therapeutic applications, along with the technologies and techniques involved in each.The book begins with a thoughtful, and occasionally macabre, history of electrical stimulation of the brain. The authors then provide an accessible and concise overview of electricity and its effects on the brain. The essence of the book, though, is its thorough exploration of the clinical applications of electrical stimulation. Brain Stimulation Therapies for Clinicians covers the wide range of existing electrical stimulation therapies, including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and a host of other clinical applications. Each chapter examines a particular therapy, including its history, an overview of the techniques involved, its clinical indications, side effects, and a critical review of the literature surrounding its efficacy. Designed as an approachable and thorough reference for the practicing clinician, the book includes many features to assist in evaluating the variety of stimulation therapies. • The book as a whole is an excellent-quick start guide to help practitioners make informed choices about brain stimulation therapies. The background on the basics of electricity is useful for those not intimately familiar with these concepts. • A thorough glossary helps the clinician navigate the jargon and decode the alphabet soup surrounding current practice.• Clear and useful diagrams and schematics illustrate all essential points.• Interesting sidebars highlight fascinating and occasionally amusing potential applications of brain stimulation techniques -- and offer a glimpse into the sometimes grim history of human brain experimentation.• The authors'careful attention to evidence-based literature helps clinicians determine which techniques have proven efficacy and which claims are unsupported.• Each chapter features a comprehensive bibliography of references for further reading. Brain Stimulation Therapies for Clinicians is an essential reference for any clinician, or even potential patient, interested in understanding electrical stimulation as therapy.

Over the past 20 years a silent revolution in functional neurosurgery has been unfolding. This revolution, still in the making, is the development of cortical electrical neuromodulation. No book covering the field of therapeutic cortical stimulation exists and only scarce attention has been given to this new field of neuromodulation in all textbooks and related books. As a result, the majority of neurologists and neurosurgeons are unaware of this technology. The aim of this book is thus twofold: cross-fertilization among neurologists, other health professionals and functional neurosurgeons, and defining indications and limits of cortical stimulation, invasive and noninvasive. This textbook brings together leading authorities from all over the world and provides for the first time a complete account of the field. As a'teaching'tool, all, beginners and non, will find a conclusive word in a rapidly evolving field.