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Abstract Background Mutations in ARL6IP1, which encodes a tetraspan membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), have been recently described in a large family with a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Case presentation We sought to expand the HSP phenotype associated with ARL6IP1 variants by examining a Saudi kindred with a clinically more severe presentation, which resulted in spontaneous neonatal death of both affected siblings. Clinical features encompassed not only spastic paraplegia but also developmental delay, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, periventricular leukoencephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, spasticity, jejunal stricture, gastrointestinal reflux, neuropathy, dysmorphism and respiratory distress. We performed clinical assessment and radiological studies of this family, in addition to homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify the disease-associated variant. Homozygosity mapping localized the causative gene to a region on chromosome 16 harboring ARL6IP1. WES of the index case identified the homoallelic nonsense variant, c.112C > T in ARL6IP1 that segregated with the phenotype and was predicted to result in loss of the protein. Allelic expression analysis of the parents demonstrated downward pressure on the mutant allele, suggestive of nonsense-mediated decay. Conclusions Our report shows that the phenotype associated with ARL6IP1 variants may be broader and more acute than so far reported and identifies fatal HSP as the severe end of the phenotypic spectrum of ARL6IP1 variants.

Abstract In this paper, we examine the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for a Caputo variable order ϑ-initial value problem (ϑ-IVP) with multi-point initial conditions. The proofs for uniqueness and existence leverage Sadovski’s and Banach’s fixed point theorems, along with the Kuratowski measure of noncompactness. Furthermore, we explore the Ulam–Hyers–Rassias (UHR) stability of the solution. To validate our findings, we present a numerical example.

Abstract The present research work investigates some new results for a fractional generalized Sturm–Liouville–Langevin (FGSLL) equation involving the Ψ-Caputo fractional derivative with a modified argument. We prove the uniqueness of the solution using the Banach contraction principle endowed with a norm of the Ψ-Bielecki-type. Meanwhile, the fixed-point theorems of the Leray–Schauder and Krasnoselskii type associated with the Ψ-Bielecki-type norm are used to derive the existence properties by removing some strong conditions. We use the generalized Gronwall-type inequality to discuss Ulam–Hyers (UH), generalized Ulam–Hyers (GUH), Ulam–Hyers–Rassias (UHR), and generalized Ulam–Hyers–Rassias (GUHR) stability of these solutions. Lastly, three examples are provided to show the effectiveness of our main results for different cases of (FGSLL)-problem such as Caputo-type Sturm–Liouville, Caputo-type Langevin, Caputo–Erdélyi–Kober-type Langevin problems.

This research paper investigates municipal solid waste recycling with a focus on Morocco's efforts to improve waste management and recycling rates. Despite initiatives and policies, challenges persist, including limited public awareness and infrastructure deficiencies. Using data collected through a questionnaire delivered through the internet from Mars to May 2023. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior, the study extends to include Community Engagement. Findings highlight the significant influence of Perceived Behavioral Control and Attitude on recycling intentions, emphasizing the need for empowerment and positive attitudes. Community Engagement emerges as a crucial catalyst for promoting sustainable waste management. Subjective Norms exhibit limited impact, necessitating targeted strategies to address social barriers. The paper concludes that understanding these determinants is crucial for effective waste management policies, contributing to knowledge on recycling behavior and promoting sustainability in Morocco and beyond.

IntroductionDespite significant advancements in understanding the biochemical, anatomical, and functional impacts of vestibular lesions, developing standardized and effective rehabilitation strategies for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies remains a challenge. Chronic vestibular disorders, characterized by permanent or recurrent imbalances and blurred vision or oscillopsia, present significant complexity in non-pharmacological management. The complex interaction between peripheral vestibular damage and its impact on the central nervous system (CNS) raises questions about neuroplasticity and vestibular compensation capacity. Although fundamental research has examined the consequences of lesions on the vestibular system, the effect of a chronic peripheral vestibular error signal (VES) on the CNS remains underexplored. The VES refers to the discrepancy between sensory expectations and perceptions of the vestibular system has been clarified through recent engineering studies. This deeper understanding of VES is crucial not only for vestibular physiology and pathology but also for designing effective measures and methods of vestibular rehabilitation, shedding light on the importance of compensation mechanisms and sensory integration.MethodsThis retrospective study, targeting patients with chronic unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy unresponsive to standard treatments, sought to exclude any interference from pre-existing conditions. Participants were evaluated before and after a integrative vestibular exploratory and rehabilitation program through questionnaires, posturographic tests, and videonystagmography.ResultsThe results indicate significant improvements in postural stability and quality of life, demonstrating positive modulation of the CNS and an improvement of vestibular compensation.DiscussionSuccessful vestibular rehabilitation likely requires a multifaceted approach that incorporates the latest insights into neuroplasticity and sensory integration, tailored to the specific needs and clinical progression of each patient. Focusing on compensating for the VES and enhancing sensory-perceptual-motor integration, this approach aims not just to tailor interventions but also to reinforce coherence among the vestibular, visual, and neurological systems, thereby improving the quality of life for individuals with chronic vestibular disorders.

In this paper, an analysis of a mathematical model of the coronavirus is carried out by using two fractal-fractional parameters. This dangerous virus infects a person through the mouth, eyes, nose or hands. This makes it so dangerous that no one can get rid of it. One of the main factors contributing to increasing infections of this deadly virus is crowding. We believe that it is necessary to model this effect mathematically to predict the possible outcomes. Hence, the study of neural network-based models related to the spread of this virus can yield new results. This paper also introduces the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to approximate the solutions, which is a significant contribution in this regard. We suggest employing this new method to solve a system of integral equations that explain the dynamics of infectious diseases instead of the classical numerical methods. Our study shows that, compared to the Adams-Bashforth algorithm, the ANN is a reliable candidate for solving the problems.

This research is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a coupled system of Ψ–Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations. To achieve this objective, we establish a set of necessary conditions by formulating the problem as an integral equation and utilizing well-known fixed-point theorems. By employing these mathematical tools, we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the proposed system. Additionally, to illustrate the practical implications of our findings, we provide several examples that showcase the main results obtained in this study.

This work addresses the qualitative analysis of a novel non-linear coupled system of fractional differential problems (FDPs) using Caputo and Liouville–Riemann fractional derivatives. Fractional calculus has demonstrated significant applicability across various fields, including financial systems, optimal control, epidemiological models, chaotic systems, and engineering. The proposed model builds on existing research by formulating a non-linear coupled fractional boundary value problem with mixed boundary conditions. The primary advantages of our method include its ability to capture the dynamics of complex systems more accurately and its flexibility in handling different types of fractional derivatives. The model’s solution was derived using advanced mathematical techniques, and the results confirmed the existence and uniqueness of the solutions. This approach not only generalizes classical differential equation methods but also offers a robust framework for modeling real-world phenomena governed by fractional dynamics. The study concludes with the validation of the theoretical findings through illustrative examples, highlighting the method’s efficacy and potential for further applications.

The Image of The Arab in Netflix Series Messiah: Dialogical analysis This study falls within the purview of discourse analysis and seeks to propose nuanced interpretations regarding the portrayal of Arabs in Hollywood cinema. Initially characterized by negative stereotypes, this image undergoes a partial rehabilitation in the Netflix series Messiah. The investigation aims to scrutinize both representations by analyzing specific sequences from the series, which premiered on the Netflix platform on January 1, 2020. The series revolves around the return of the Messiah, linked to eschatology, portraying him as a savior in conflict zones addressing desperate people in Arabic, notably in Syria, West Bank, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The doctrinal theme of the Messiah's return sparks significant impact in spirituality and theology, eliciting diverse discussions and interpretations. Employing a qualitative approach rooted in the principles of nominational dialogism, this study identifies stereotypical representations often ingrained in Hollywood's conventional beliefs. It achieves this by scrutinizing parameters of categorization and enunciation in interactions involving Arab characters such as Jibril Hassan, Samer, Sheikh Zaid, the Imam, and others.The study results shed light on two contrasting images of Arabs. Firstly, Sheikh Zaid embodies the stereotype of an extremist and violent Arab, perpetuating long- standing clichés. Secondly, Jibril Hassan represents the image of a vulnerable and easily manipulable Arab, adding a layer of complexity to the overall representation. By delving into these subtleties, this research seeks to challenge and transcend the conventional depictions of Arabs in Hollywood cinema. Its objective is to foster a deeper understanding of the intricacies associated with these characters, moving beyond the limiting and one-dimensional portrayals often disseminated by mainstream media. The ultimate aspiration is to contribute meaningfully to the ongoing dialogue regarding the representation of diverse cultures and identities in popular entertainment, such as Hollywood, which wields significant influence over public perceptions. Drawing on Jullien's perspective on alterity, the study advocates understanding others through their unique viewpoints rather than imposing our own. Applied to Hollywood's portrayal of Arabs, this approach encourages a shift beyond stereotypes toward a nuanced appreciation of Arab identity and cultural richness. Such an approach promotes deeper cultural empathy and challenges prevailing, simplistic narratives in global cinema and media.