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This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This case study evaluates a focal osteolytic lesion in the right sulcus sinus transversi of an isolated os occipitale. The os occipitale is from a juvenile from the Cueva de Sangre at the Classic Period (250−900 CE) site of Dos Pilas, Guatemala The lesion was examined macroscopically, microscopically, and radiographically. The oval lesion has a well-circumscribed margin, endocranial origin, and involves cortical destruction of the inner and outer tables. Subperiosteal bone reaction around the lesion is present on the ectocranial surface. Skeletal evidence of increased vascularity, diploë expansion, and perimortem fracture near the lesion are not observed. The lesion appears to reflect a response to the presence of an expansile process that has caused pressure erosion. The anatomical location of the lesion and the endocranial origin suggest a probable vascular anomaly, such as a vascular malformation. This case study represents one of the few bioarchaeological evaluations of probable vascular anomaly in a juvenile. As such, it expands our knowledge about vascular anomalies in the past and provides a comparative and core reference for guiding future paleopathological investigations on cranial osteolytic lesions. The skeletal assemblage is commingled and fragmentary preventing the assessment of the distribution of lesions across the skeleton. Further scrutiny of bioarchaeological collections is needed to better understand the distribution of vascular anomalies in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: HIV-1 uses the microtubule network to traffic the viral capsid core toward the nucleus. Viral nuclear trafficking and infectivity require the kinesin-1 adaptor protein FEZ1. Here, we demonstrate that FEZ1 directly interacts with the HIV-1 capsid and specifically binds capsid protein (CA) hexamers. FEZ1 contains multiple acidic, poly-glutamate stretches that interact with the positively charged central pore of CA hexamers. The FEZ1-capsid interaction directly competes with nucleotides and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) that bind at the same location. In addition, all-atom molecular dynamic (MD) simulations establish the molecular details of FEZ1-capsid interactions. Functionally, mutation of the FEZ1 capsid-interacting residues significantly reduces trafficking of HIV-1 particles toward the nucleus and early infection. These findings support a model in which the central capsid hexamer pore is a general HIV-1 cofactor-binding hub and FEZ1 serves as a unique CA hexamer pattern sensor to recognize this site and promote capsid trafficking in the cell. : In this paper, Huang et al. find that the viral cofactor FEZ1, a kinesin adaptor protein, uses multiple negatively charged amino-acid stretches to avidly interact with the positive center pores of the HIV-1 capsid protein hexamers, associating the virus particles to kinesin motors and thus promoting viral trafficking and infection. Keywords: FEZ1, kinesin adaptor protein, HIV, capsid, CA, virus, microtubule trafficking, pattern sensing

The advantages of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for orthognathic surgery are clear. Previous studies have evaluated in-house VSP; however, few fully digital, in-house protocols for orthognathic surgery have been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between the virtual surgical plan and actual surgical outcome for orthognathic surgery using a fully digital, in-house VSP workflow. This is a prospective cohort study from September 2020 to November 2022 of patients at the Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, NS, Canada who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Patients were excluded if they had previously undergone orthognathic surgery or were diagnosed with a craniofacial syndrome. The primary outcome variables were the mean 3-dimensional (3D) (Euclidean) distance error, as well as mean error and mean absolute error in the transverse (x axis), vertical (y axis), and anterior-posterior (z axis) dimensions. Covariates included age, sex, and surgical sequence (mandible-first or maxilla-first). The primary outcome was tested using Z and t critical value confidence intervals. The P value was set at.05. The 3D distance error for mandible-first and maxilla-first groups was compared using a 2-sample t -test as well as analysis of variance. The study sample included 52 subjects (24 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 27.7 (± 12.1) years. Forty three subjects underwent mandible-first surgery and 9 maxilla-first surgery. The mean absolute distance error was largest in the anterior-posterior dimension for all landmarks (except posterior nasal spine, left condyle, and gonion) and exceeded the threshold for clinical acceptability (2 mm) in 16 of 23 landmarks. Additionally, mean distance error in the anterior-posterior dimension was negative for all landmarks, indicating deficient movement in that direction. The effect of surgical sequence on 3D distance error was not statistically significant (P =.37). In general, the largest contributor to mean 3D distance error was deficient movement in the anterior-posterior direction. Otherwise, mean absolute distance error in the vertical and transverse dimensions was clinically acceptable (< 2 mm). These findings were felt to be valuable for treatment planning purposes when using a fully digital, in-house VSP workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Alpha]A-crystallin ([Alpha]A) and [Alpha]B-crystallin ([Alpha]B) are among the predominant proteins of the vertebrate eye lens. In vitro, the [Alpha]-crystallins, which are isolated together as a high molecular mass aggregate, exhibit a number of properties, the most interesting of which is their ability to function as molecular chaperones for other proteins. Here we begin to examine the in vivo functions of [Alpha]-crystailin by generating mice with a targeted disruption of the [Alpha]A gene. Mice that are homozygous for the disrupted allele produce no detectable [Alpha]A in their lenses, based on protein gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. Initially, the [Alpha]A-deficient lenses appear structurally normal, but they are smaller than the lenses of wild-type littermates. [[Alpha]A.sup.-/-] lenses develop an opacification that starts in the nucleus and progresses to a general opacification with age. Light and transmission electron microscopy reveal the presence of dense inclusion bodies in the central lens fiber cells. The inclusions react strongly with antibodies to [Alpha]B but not significantly with antibodies to [Beta]- or [Gamma]-crystallins. In addition, immunoblot analyses demonstrate that a significant portion of the [Alpha]B in [[Alpha]A.sup.-/-] lenses shifts into the insoluble fraction. These studies suggest that [Alpha]A is essential for maintaining lens transparency, possibly by ensuring that [Alpha]B or proteins closely associated with this small heat shock protein remain soluble.

Abstract Background One approach to resolving some of the in vivo functions of alpha-crystallin is to generate animal models where one or both of the alpha-crystallin gene products have been eliminated. In the single alpha-crystallin knockout mice, the remaining alpha-crystallin may fully or partially compensate for some of the functions of the missing protein, especially in the lens, where both alphaA and alphaB are normally expressed at high levels. The purpose of this study was to characterize gross lenticular morphology in normal mice and mice with the targeted disruption of alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin genes (alphaA/BKO). Methods Lenses from 129SvEvTac mice and alphaA/BKO mice were examined by standard scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy methodologies. Results Equatorial and axial (sagittal) dimensions of lenses for alphaA/BKO mice were significantly smaller than age-matched wild type lenses. No posterior sutures or fiber cells extending to the posterior capsule of the lens were found in alphaA/BKO lenses. Ectopical nucleic acid staining was observed in the posterior subcapsular region of 5 wk and anterior subcapsular cortex of 54 wk alphaA/BKO lenses. Gross morphological differences were also observed in the equatorial/bow, posterior and anterior regions of lenses from alphaA/BKO mice as compared to wild mice. Conclusion These results indicated that both alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin are necessary for proper fiber cell formation, and that the absence of alpha-crystallin can lead to cataract formation.

Discusses the dimensions of the arson problem in the United States and the failure of law enforcement by government agencies. Describes three forms of community response to arson in Boston: auxiliary organizations, vigilante groups, and popular justice organizations. (Author/JAC)

Bushfires and smoke pose substantial risks to physical and mental health across exposed populations. Enhanced community-level knowledge and response capability may promote exposure reduction and therefore protect health, however few interventions exist to achieve this goal. We developed an online short course, 'Bushfires and Your Health', and piloted it with older adults as a vulnerable group. We evaluated course satisfaction, factors associated with course enrolment and completion, the likelihood of increased bushfire knowledge and response capability, and the likelihood of participants undertaking risk-mitigating or health-promoting actions. We (i) used a pre-post-course survey in the intervention group and a control group (who did not undertake the course); (ii) gathered data from the intervention group via a post-course feedback survey; and (iii) analysed participant discussion board submissions for evidence of course-related behaviour change. Compared to the control group, course enrolment was significantly positively associated with several demographic characteristics, including being retired (OR = 1.32, 95 % CI[1.02–1.71]), living in proximity to bushland (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI[1.23–2.04]) and having an existing bushfire survival plan (OR = 1.34, 95 % CI[1.05–1.70]), and significantly inversely associated with being employed (OR = 0.76, 95 % CI[0.59–0.97]) and having poor bushfire knowledge (OR = 0.78, 95 % CI[0.61–0.99]). Compared to the control group, course completion was significantly associated with increased bushfire knowledge, while enrolment and completion were significantly associated with participants undertaking new actions, including downloading and using an air quality app, developing a bushfire survival plan and making household preparations. An online short course has potential to increase knowledge and preparedness actions when managing bushfires and bushfire smoke. • Bushfires and bushfire smoke pose a substantial health risk to exposed populations. • Community-level online education supports preparedness and health-promoting actions. • Course completion more strongly predicts these actions than course enrolment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite ketamine's effectiveness as an anesthetic and its known analgesic properties, the role of ketamine in postoperative pain after third molar surgery remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether patients undergoing third molar surgery who received a sub-anesthetic preoperative dose of intravenous ketamine would experience less postoperative pain.Materials and Methods: We implemented a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The study sample consisted of participants undergoing third molar surgery with procedural sedation anesthesia. Participants were randomized to receive a preoperative intravenous dose of ketamine or placebo, as predictor variables. The primary outcome variable was postoperative pain intensity determined by a 10-point visual analog scale at 6-hour intervals over a period of 48 hours. The secondary outcome variable was the quantity of postoperative non-opioid and opioid consumption. Other variables included the extent and difficulty of surgery performed, patient satisfaction, gender, and age. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, and regression analysis. The P value was set at .05.Results: A total of 134 participants were randomly enrolled into either the ketamine group (n = 74, 55.2%) or placebo group (n = 60, 44.8%). No statistically significant differences in the distribution of study variables were found between the groups. A small yet statistically significant (P < .05) difference was noted in the median pain score at 6 hours postoperatively, with the ketamine group experiencing more pain. However, no further differences were detected at any postoperative time between the 2 groups. Similar results were obtained after adjusting for age, gender, and surgical difficulty. No difference in the amount of postoperative non-opioid or opioid medication use was found between the 2 groups.Conclusions: This study did not find evidence that a preoperative sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine could reduce pain after third molar surgery or have any effects on non-opioid or opioid analgesic consumption. Nevertheless, ketamine remains a valuable option among sedation medications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses trends in educational facilities design away from the traditional school template, in which students sit in isolated classrooms in factory-like rows to observe teachers imparting knowledge. Explains that today's facilities are organized into learning studios that are student-driven, engaging, active, and participatory. (EV)