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Fear of the unknown is considered a primary, fundamental fear (Carleton, 2016a, Carleton, 2016b; Papenfuss and Ostafin, 2021). In research settings, the fear of the unknown is commonly captured using the self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Carleton et al., 2007; Freeston et al., 1994), which measures the tendency to interpret and react to uncertainty negatively. Importantly, recent research has demonstrated that high levels of self-reported intolerance of uncertainty exist across many emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, depression, stress and trauma, and obsessive-compulsive disorders) (McEvoy et al., 2019). Moreover, emerging research demonstrates that high levels of self-reported intolerance of uncertainty can be reduced to some extent through short-term interventions in the general population (Dunsmoor et al., 2015; Li et al., 2021; Morriss et al., 2020; Oglesby et al., 2017; Wake et al., 2021), and longer-term transdiagnostic (Sperling, 2022; Talkovsky and Norton, 2016), general (McEvoy and Erceg-Hurn, 2016; Palitz et al., 2019), and intolerance of uncertainty-specific (Dugas et al., 2022; Hebert and Dugas, 2019; Mofrad et al., 2020) standardised treatment protocols (e.g., cognitive behavioural therapy) in clinical populations. Given this progress, there is an increasing need for research examining the neural and psychophysiological basis of intolerance of uncertainty (Morriss et al., 2021; Tanovic et al., 2018), in order to enhance our mechanistic understanding of how intolerance of uncertainty modulates key processes relevant to the pathogenesis and treatment of emotional disorders (Einstein, 2014; Grupe and Nitschke, 2013; Hong and Cheung, 2015; Paulus et al., 2015; Shihata et al., 2016).

[No abstract available], Funding Agencies|Flinders University; RU, Radboud Universiteit; NIU, Northern Illinois University; University of Nottingham; Universität zu Köln; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; SLU, Saint Louis University; TU/e, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; University of Leeds; IUPUI, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; UiT, Universitetet i Tromsø; EUR, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; UvT, Universiteit van Tilburg; University of Oxford; UNIL, Université de Lausanne; SEBM, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; NYU, New York University; UiT, Universitetet i Tromsø; RWTH Aachen University; KU Leuven; Universität Bielefeld; University of Louisiana at Lafayette; UA, University of Arkansas; Genentech Foundation for Biomedical Sciences; University of Bristol; UV, University of Virginia; City of Mobile; Université de Fribourg; Universiteit Gent; Yale University; VT, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; DIBS, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University; UCB UK; University of Leeds; BIBS, Brown Institute for Brain Science; UU, Universiteit Utrecht; Keele University; HRD, Division of Human Resource Development; WVU, West Virginia University; King’s College London; NTU, Nottingham Trent University; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; KACST, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; University of Edinburgh; UCONN, University of Connecticut; University of Kent; University of Cambridge; UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Universiteit Leiden; UBC, University of British Columbia; HGS, Human Genome Sciences; AV CR, Akademie Ved Ceské Republiky; IUPUI, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; UK, University of Kentucky; University of Texas at Austin; DRS, Dahlem Research School, Freie Universität Berlin; Bangor University; RAND Corporation; University of Glasgow; University of Chester; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Massey University; UC, University of California; NIH, National Institutes