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The present study was based on the analysis of 10,467 trawls of the industrial piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii) fishing fleet of the Brazilian state of Pará, which were mapped by onboard GPS loggers (between February 2008 and September 2011) and the PREPS data from 40 vessels which were tracked by this system between 2008 and 2011. The variation in the mean monthly CPUE, based on Lomb’s periodogram, revealed a well-defined and constant cycle with a duration of approximately one year. Three environmental factors influenced this cycle. The El Niño 3.4 index had a negative correlation with the CPUE of the piramutaba fishery, with a time lag of 15 months, while monthly rainfall and the mean discharge of the Amazon River correlated strongly (r=0.89 and 0.87, respectively; p

The substitution and mislabeling is facilitated by the processing of fish products. We employed a DNA barcoding to authenticate fillets labeled as “dourada” (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), and “piramutaba” (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii) marketed in the Brazil. A 615 bp of the Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from 305 fillets and subsequently identified to species level by querying public databases and sequences of reference species. The results revealed a global mean substitution rate of 17%. The highest substitution rate was detected in “dourada” (26%), the most valuable species, followed by “piramutaba” (9%). The most cases of substitutions were by species of lower commercial value, suggesting fraud aimed at increased profits. Therefore, we suggest the improvement of food-labeling regulation, continued inspection, as well as the adoption of the DNA barcode for the molecular authentication of processed fish to prevent substitution of these products in Brazil., Food science; Food analysis; Industry; DNA barcoding; Species substitution; Processed fish; Commercial fraud; Ethical issues

The article describes the first occurrence of hepatic coccidiosis in catfish of the species Brachyplatystoma vaillantii, captured in the coastal region of the Vigia city, state of Pará, Brazil, caused by species of the genus Calyptospora, family Calyptosporidae. Thirty specimens of piramutabas were examined where 60% were infected with liver location, featuring numerous mature and immature oocysts, grouped or isolated, with four sporocysts in pyriform shape. They were described on their morphology and dimensions of the oocysts and sporocysts, obtained from light microscopy and differential interference contrast. O artigo descreve a primeira ocorrência de coccidiose hepática em bagres da espécie Brachyplatystoma vaillantii, capturados na região costeira do Município de Vigia, Estado do Pará, Brasil, causada por espécies do gênero Calyptospora, família Calyptosporidae. Foram examinados trinta exemplares de piramutabas, dos quais 60% encontravam-se parasitados com localização hepática, apresentando vários oocistos maduros e imaturos, agrupados ou isolados, com quatro esporocistos de formato piriforme. São descritas as características morfológicas e dimensões dos oocistos e esporocistos, obtidas a partir de microscopia de luz em campo claro e em contraste interferencial de fases.

A piramutaba {Brachyplatystoma vailiantii) é o peixe mais . .importante para exportação na região amazônica, sendo os principais estados que a exploram Amapá,Amazonas(maiorquantidade capturada ocorreu em 1993-4.142t) e Pará (principal estado exportador). Estetrabalhoteveafinalidadede determinara vida de prateleira de filés congelados de piramutaba por um período de 120 dias. 0 Foram realizadas periodicamente avaliações sensoriais bem como análises físico-químicas (pH, nitrogênio das bases voláteis totais - N-BVT e capacidade de retenção de água-CRA)e análises microbiológicas. O rendimento dos filés das , piramutabas evisceradas e sem cabeça usadas neste estudo foi de 27%. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os filés de piramutaba congelados permaneceram em qualidade ótima durante todo o período do estudo. A piramutaba foi considerada um peixe de filé magro, com 1,31 % de gordura, o que O pode influenciar favoravelmente para que se tenha uma vida de prateleira longa, O favorecendo o potencial de exportação que esta espécie apresenta Piramutaba(Brachyplatystoma vaiílantii) is a very important fish to exportatlon In the Amazon region. The main states which exploit it are Amapá, Amazonas (highestamountcaughtin 1993-4.142tons)and Pará(main exportarstate).The present study was developed to establish the shelf life of frozen fillets of piramutaba during 120 days. Sensorial analyses as well as physic-chemical(pH, nitrogen of total volatile bases- N -TVB, water retaining capacity- WRC)and (Jmicrobiological analyses were determined periodically. The resuits indicate that ((j frozen fillets of piramutaba were keptfirst quality during the whole study.The fillets present lean fillets (fat = 1,31%)and presented 27% yield in relation to the weight without guts and head, which influences positively to a long shelf life, and of piramutaba used in this study in this period of the year was considered to Of consequentiy its importance as an exportatlon fish.

Resíduos de fíletagem de piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii), foram submetidos a dois diferentes processamentos, o cozimento após moagem, e a ensilagem biológica. Os materiais resultantes destes processamentos foram testados através do desempenho e da composição corporal de alevinos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Foram elaboradas quatro rações com teores de proteína de 24,7 a 27,0% e energia bruta entre 438,9 e 445,4 Kcal/l00g de ração. O experimento foi conduzido em 20 tanques de cimento-amianto com capacidade para 250 litros, cada um estocado com 12 alevinos, com comprimento padrão médio de 10,3 cm e peso médio de 27,4 g. Os alevinos foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia à razão de 3% da biomassa e pesados a cada 28 dias. Análises bromatológicas no início e no final do experimento determinaram a composição corporal dos peixes. As análises de variância dos dados obtidos não evidenciaram influência significativa (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre os parâmetros estudados. Piramutaba, Brachyplatystoma vaillantii, processing by-product was used to prepare two different products: biological fish silage and cooked fish by-product. Both were evaluated as feed ingredients for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings. Growth and body composition were determined in an 85-day feeding trial. Dietary protein and energy levels varied from 24.7 to 27.0% and from 438.9 to 445.4 Kcal/100g diet, respectively. Twenty 250-1 tanks were stocked with twelve fish in each tank, mean initial wigth and length was 27.72 g and 10.33 cm respectively. Fish were adapted to experimental conditions for 10 days before feeding trial begun. Fingerlings were fed twice daily at a rate of 3% body weight. Proximate analysis of the diets and fishes were performed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Five replicate tanks were used for each dietary treatment. The ANOVA showed that the two protein sources had no significant differences (P>0.05) on final weight and body composition of tambaqui fingerlings.

O presente trabalho caracteriza a seletividade da rede de emalhar para a piramutaba empregando o método de Ho/t (1963). A expressão obtida foi: C m*1 = e [-0.033 x (1-3.3532 x m)2] The piramutaba gillnet selectivity characteristics were estimated utilizing the method of Holt (1963). The mathematical expression obtained was: C m*1 = e [-0.033 x (1-3.3532 x m)2]

Orientador :Miguel Petrere Jr Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadualde Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: A piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii),Pimelodidae) é a espécie de peixe mais importante dentre aquelas que são exportadas da Amazônia e foi a terceira em ordem de importância dos que foram exportadas do Brasil em 1987. Sua pesca ocorre principalmente no estuário e canal principal do rio Amazonas e é realizada por duas frotas pesqueiras distintas: artesanal e industrial. A pesca artesanal emprega a rede de emalhar à deriva com malhas de 14.-22 cm; é responsável por cerca de 30% do total que é desembarcado; e comercializa toda a sua produção nos mercados de pescados da região. Esse método captura piramutabas tanto no estuário quanto no canal l principal do rio Amazonas, de comprimento forcal acima de 44,9 cm a idade acima de 3,75 anos. A pesca industrial emprega a rede de arrasto de porta, puxada por uma parelha de barcos; é responsável por cerca de 70% do total que é desembarcado; e comercializa a sua produção no mercado internacional. Esse método captura piramutabas somente no estuário amazônico, de comprimento forcal acima de 18,1 cm e de idade acima de 0,95 anos, e sua. atuação resulta na rejeição de até 56% do que capturam. A relação entre rendimento por recruta' (Y/R) e mortalidade por pesca (F) foi estimada para ambas as frotas. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: The catfish piramutaba (Bracyplatystoma vaillantii, Pimelodidae) is the most important export fish of the Amazon basin and estuary and was the third ranked export fish of Brazil in 1987. There are two kind of fisheries exploiting this species: traditional and industrial. The traditional fishery use gillnet with mesh 14- 22 cm. It is responsible for about 30% of landed catch, which is sold in the regionional market. This method catches fish in the Amazon river ando estuary with minimum fork length 44.9 cm and age 3.75 y. The industrial fishery uses trawl-seines with two trawlers. It is responsible for about 70% of all landed catch, which is sold on the international market. This method catches fish only in the Amazon river with minimum fork length 18.1 cm and age of 0.95 Y and result in discarding up to 56% of the catch. The relation between yield per recruit (VIR) anel fishery mortality (F) was estimated forboth fisheries. The total mortality (Z) was 1.18 and 0.94 years-1, in 1984 and 1985, based on the sample landed by the traditional fishery. The natural mortality (M) was 0.5 years-1, indirectly estimated. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations Doutorado Ecologia Doutor em Ciências Biológicas