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Los destinos litorales se enfrentan desde hace décadas a la necesidad de renovar sus modelos turísticos tradicionales, marcados por una elevada estacionalidad y la depredación territorial, esta última causada por la construcción de alojamiento destinado a segundas residencias. El escenario turístico actual ofrece distintos retos y oportunidades, que pueden ayudar a complementar estos modelos turísticos. En este contexto, el aumento de la esperanza de vida y la generalización de estilos de vida saludables posibilita que nuevos modelos turísticos, como el turismo de salud y bienestar, puedan desarrollarse como potenciales palancas de cambio. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es comprender la potencialidad del turismo de salud y bienestar para cualificar y diversificar los destinos turísticos litorales, así como analizar la reciente evolución del turismo litoral y su actual problemática. Para ello, se utilizan métodos cualitativos sustentados en la revisión bibliográfica relacionada, análisis de contenidos de planes y matriz DAFO, así como el caso de estudio de un destino concreto., For decades, coastal destinations have been facing the need to renew their traditional tourism models, marked by high seasonality and spatial exploitation, the latter justified by the development of accommodation for second homes. The current tourism scenario offers different challenges and opportunities, which can help to modify these tourism models. In this context, the increase in life expectancy and the generalization of the development of healthy lifestyles makes it possible for new tourism models, such as health and wellness tourism, to develop as potential drivers of change. The main objective of this paper is to understand the potential of health and wellness tourism to qualify and diversify coastal tourist destinations, as well as to analyse the recent evolution of coastal tourism and its current problems. Qualitative methods based on the review of related literature, analysis of the content of the plans and the SWOT matrix, as well as the case study of a specific destination are used for this purpose.

Desde la antigüedad, los seres humanos han viajado a otros lugares en busca de remedios curativos para mejorar su salud o encontrar una cura a su enfermedad. En las últimas décadas, el número de personas que viajan en busca de tratamientos e intervenciones médicas y de bienestar ha crecido notablemente, convirtiendo al turismo de salud en un importante sector de la economía mundial. Por ello, el turismo de salud, debido a su potencial, representa una gran oportunidad de negocio, creación de riqueza y empleo. España, gracias a su posición geográfica y a una serie de características ambientales, climáticas, culturales y estilos de vida se ha convertido en el segundo país más visitado por los turistas. Su amplia oferta de servicios sanitarios y su disponibilidad de recursos la han convertido en uno de los principales destinos turísticos por motivos médicos y/o de bienestar. A pesar de los innumerables beneficios del turismo de salud internacional, el desarrollo de esta tipología también puede tener efectos adversos, tanto en el país receptor, como en el país emisor. Estos inconvenientes deben superarse mediante estrategias sanitarias - por parte de los gobiernos y las instituciones responsables - que permitan garantizar y acreditar la veracidad y calidad de estas prestaciones en los países receptores. De este modo, se daría mayor tranquilidad y confianza a los turistas de salud sin que ello repercuta en el acceso y la atención sanitaria por parte de los residentes en el país receptor., Since ancient history, human beings have traveled to other places in search of healing remedies to improve their health or find a cure for their disease. In the last decades, the number of people traveling in search of medical and wellness treatments and interventions has grown significantly, making health tourism an important sector of the global economy. Therefore, health tourism, due to its potential, represents a great opportunity for business, wealth, and employment development. Spain, thanks to its geographical location and a series of environmental, climatic, cultural and lifestyle characteristics, has become the second most visited country by tourists. Its wide range of health services and its availability of resources have made it one of the main tourist destinations for medical and/or wellness reasons. Despite the innumerable benefits of international health tourism, the development of this tourism typology can also have adverse effects. These disadvantages must be overcome through healthcare strategies - by the responsible governments and institutions - to guarantee and accredit the veracity and quality of these services in the visited countries. This would give greater safety and security to health tourists without affecting access and health care for residents in the receiving country.

Urban residents commonly spend a considerable proportion of their time indoors, and it is, therefore, important to pay particular attention to the characteristics of their home. During the time that humans remain indoors, the only bridge connecting them with the natural environment was through the views from their windows. Studies on the effect of these views have highlighted the restorative effects that nature views can provide, including feelings of calmness and relaxation. Likewise, such views can help better manage stress, anxiety and scape from loneliness, because they make a connection between indoor and outdoor spaces. At a time of lockdown and isolation following the COVID-19 pandemic, window views were for many the only option for contact with the natural environment, which provided significant positive effects. With the aim of assessing the benefits that views can bring to humans, we set out to study the role of views of nature from windows by analysing the GreenCOVID survey, conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, England and Ireland.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures have had important consequences on the mental health of the population, although little is known about the role played by nature and its benefits. Objectives The present study aims to evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and to identify the factors most strongly associated with anxiety and depression, including sociodemographic, household characteristics, and access to or contact with natural environment. Methods GreenCOVID is an online cross-sectional study promoted by the Health & Territory Research (HTR) of the University of Seville in Spain, Maynooth University in Ireland, and the University of Winchester in the United Kingdom. This study includes only data from Spain which were collected between April 8, 2020 and April 27, 2020. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression through the HADS scale. Results Of the total of 2,464 adults who participated in GreenCOVID Spain, mean age was 38.1 years, 72.6% were female, 58.1% were at risk of anxiety, and 32.3% of depression. In the multivariable logistic regression, the factors associated with risk of anxiety were female: gender, being a student and problems at home. Regarding the risk of depression, the factors most associated were being a student, female gender, problems at home, worse evaluation of views from home and less help from outside views to cope with lockdown. Conclusions Our findings show that during COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to sociodemographic factors female gender and being a student, problems at home, lack of natural elements in the home, and worse appreciation of views from home were associated with mental health problems. Thus, housing conditions and access to the natural environment were important for mental health during COVID-19 lockdown.

Commuting to work is an important part of many people’s daily life, with travel times increasing constantly and becoming a growing problem. The aim of the present study is to assess the associations between commuting and poor mental health in workers. This is a cross-sectional study extracting information from the ‘Commuting, Daily Habits and Urban Health Survey’ in Mairena del Aljarafe (Spain), including a representative sample of 294 workers. Poor mental health was accessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Associa tions were tested using Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests, while Pearson’s correlation was used for each item of the GHQ-12, and multiple linear regression was applied to explore factors associated with poor mental health. Of the 294 workers, the mean age was 43.1 years old, 46.6% female, 49% had a university education, 38.4% smoked, and 44.5% were overweight/obese. For their commute, 77.1% used a private motor vehicle (vs. 6.9% public and 16.0% active), spent 51.9 min/day (54.8 min/day private, 44.2 min/day public, and 39.3 min/day active), and expended €91.9/month (€99.7/month private, €59.0/month public and €59.5/month active). The multiple linear regression model shows that people who used their private motorised transport and those who spent more time on their commute to work are associated with poorer mental health. The results of this study show that both driving a motor vehicle and commuting time are associated with poorer mental health. Therefore, the use of public and/or active travel should be encouraged, as well as better management to improve traffic congestion and thus reduce travel times.

Los destinos litorales se enfrentan desde hace décadas a la necesidad de renovar sus modelos turísticos tradicionales, marcados por una elevada estacionalidad y la depredación territorial, esta última causada por la construcción de alojamiento destinado a segundas residencias. El escenario turístico actual ofrece distintos retos y oportunidades, que pueden ayudar a complementar estos modelos turísticos. En este contexto, el aumento de la esperanza de vida y la generalización de estilos de vida saludables posibilita que nuevos modelos turísticos, como el turismo de salud y bienestar, puedan desarrollarse como potenciales palancas de cambio. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es comprender la potencialidad del turismo de salud y bienestar para cualificar y diversificar los destinos turísticos litorales, así como analizar la reciente evolución del turismo litoral y su actual problemática. Para ello, se utilizan métodos cualitativos sustentados en la revisión bibliográfica relacionada, análisis de contenidos de planes y matriz DAFO, así como el caso de estudio de un destino concreto., For decades, coastal destinations have been facing the need to renew their traditional tourism models, marked by high seasonality and spatial exploitation, the latter justified by the development of accommodation for second homes. The current tourism scenario offers different challenges and opportunities, which can help to modify these tourism models. In this context, the increase in life expectancy and the generalization of the development of healthy lifestyles makes it possible for new tourism models, such as health and wellness tourism, to develop as potential drivers of change. The main objective of this paper is to understand the potential of health and wellness tourism to qualify and diversify coastal tourist destinations, as well as to analyse the recent evolution of coastal tourism and its current problems. Qualitative methods based on the review of related literature, analysis of the content of the plans and the SWOT matrix, as well as the case study of a specific destination are used for this purpose.

People living in urban areas must face several challenges to improve their health and well-being. The purpose of this research is to further explore how the use of urban blue and green spaces is related to the people’s mood feelings when visiting these spaces. A cross-sectional study is carried out with an adult sample population in Albania with people between 16-74 years old by an online survey. Respondents have been asked to complete the survey via the platform Google Form, from April to May 2021. The questionnaire included questions related to socio-economic characteristics, urban green and blue spaces (GBS), and self-reported feelings information. After the validation and cleaning process, a representative sample (95% level of confidence) of 530 respondents was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze indicators such as (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) frequency of visits in GBS in the last 4 weeks; (3) time spending during the visit; (4) activities carried out during the visit; (5) type of accompaniment; (6) the reason for not visiting GBS and the quality of GBS. The SPSS software platform was used for the statistical analyses. The frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation calculations were used to calculate data from the sample. The Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between the frequency of visits in blue space and the people’ mood. The study shows a significant relationship among the frequency of visits of blue and green spaces and positive mood feelings., Las personas que viven en zonas urbanas se enfrentan a varios retos para mejorar su salud y bienestar. El propósito de esta investigación es explorar más a fondo cómo el uso de los espacios azules y verdes urbanos está relacionado con el estado de ánimo de las personas cuando visitan estos espacios. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal de una muestra de población adulta en Albania de entre 16 y 74 años mediante una encuesta en línea a través de la plataforma Google Form entre abril y mayo de 2021. El cuestionario incluía preguntas relacionadas con las características socioeconómicas, los espacios verdes y azules urbanos, e información sobre los sentimientos autodeclarados. Tras el proceso de validación y depuración, se obtuvo una muestra representativa (nivel de confianza del 95%) de 530 encuestados. También, se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para analizar indicadores como: (1) las características sociodemográficas; (2) la frecuencia de las visitas en espacios azules y verdes en las últimas 4 semanas; (3) el tiempo empleado durante la visita; (4) las actividades realizadas durante la visita; (5) el tipo de acompañamiento; (6) el motivo de no visitar EVA y la calidad de EVA. Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizó el software SPSS, realizando cálculos de frecuencia, porcentaje, media y desviación estándar. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para examinar la relación entre la frecuencia de las visitas al espacio azul y el estado de ánimo de las personas. Como resultado, el estudio mostró una relación significativa entre la frecuencia de las visitas a los espacios azules y verdes y el estado de ánimo positivo.

En la presente investigación se pretende conocer e investigar la influencia que puede tener en el alumnado de primaria poseer unos hábitos de vida, tanto alimenticios como deportivos, y como estos pueden llegar a afectar a los niños sobre su salud física, sobre todo poseyendo sobrepeso u obesidad. Para ello se ha realizado en primer lugar un marco teórico en el que se pretende aclarar el significado de estas patologías, así como concretar cuáles son los aspectos más determinantes en la vida de una persona que pueden afectar a la hora de tener enfermedades como el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Posteriormente,se expone la parte experimental del proyecto, donde se describe una muestra de 27 alumnos de 5º de primaria del colegio público C.E.I.P Al-Ándalus, ubicado en Sevilla. La información requerida se ha recogido a través de dos cuestionarios, ambos de elaboración propia, centrados en los aspectos más relevantes que afectan para tener sobrepeso y/u obesidad. Tras su análisis final, los datos obtenidos nos ofrecen una visión sobre como determinados hábitos deportivos y sedentarios del alumnado, desembocan en diversas diferencias por sexos; además de en poseer un pesomás saludable., The present research pretends to find out and investigate the influence that having certain eating and sporting habits can have on primary school pupils, and how these habits can affect children's physical health, especially if they are overweight or obese. In order to do this, firstly, a theoretical framework has been developed to clarify the meaning of these pathologies, as well as to specify which are the most determining aspects in a person's life that can affect when it comes to having diseases such as overweight and obesity. Subsequently, the experimental part of the project is presented, describing a sample of 27 5th year primary school pupils from the public school C.E.I.P Al-Ándalus, located in Seville. The required information has been collected through two questionnaires, both of which were prepared in-house, focusing on the most relevant aspects that affect being overweight and/or obese. After their final analysis, the data obtained provide us with an insight into how certain sporting and sedentary habits of the pupils lead to different differences between the sexes, as well as to a healthier weight.

Este estudo apresenta a percepção dos alunos do Educação Superior sobre o efeito do uso da ferramenta tecnológica Wooclap em sua experiência de aprendizagem, após o retorno à sala de aula após as restrições impostas pela pandemia COVID-19. Neste estudo, 74 alunos das disciplinas de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental e de Turismo da Universidade de Sevilha completaram uma pesquisa on-line - utilizando a plataforma de pesquisa SurveyMonkey - sobre sua percepção do uso da ferramenta Wooclap na sala de aula. A maioria dos alunos sentiu que o Wooclap era uma ferramenta dinâmica e fácil de usar, que os tinha ajudado a se concentrar melhor, que seu uso tinha facilitado o processo de aprendizagem e que lhes tinha permitido interagir mais com o professor. Estes resultados demonstram como o uso da ferramenta de tecnologia Wooclap pode facilitar o processo de aprendizagem, bem como a comunicação entre alunos e professores. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudantes prefere ser avaliada através da combinação da avaliação clássica com ferramentas tecnológicas (e não apenas através da combinação da avaliação clássica com ferramentas tecnológicas). Os resultados do presente estudo corroboram os benefícios de promover o uso da ferramenta Wooclap no ensino do terceiro ciclo., This study presents the perception of Higher Education students on the effect of the use of the technological tool Wooclap on their learning experience, after returning to the classroom after the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 74 students of Geography subjects of the Primary Education Degree and the Tourism Degree of the University of Seville completed an online survey - using the SurveyMonkey survey platform - on their perception of the use of the Wooclap tool in class. Most of the students felt that Wooclap was a dynamic and easy-to-use tool, that it had helped them to concentrate better, that its use had facilitated the learning process and had allowed them to interact more with the teacher. These results demonstrate how the use of the Wooclap technology tool can facilitate the learning process, as well as communication between students and teachers. However, most students prefer to be assessed by combining classical assessment with technological tools (and not only by being assessed by combining classical assessment with technological tools). The results of the present study corroborate the benefits of promoting the use of the Wooclap tool in graduate teaching., El presente estudio presenta la percepción de estudiantes de Enseñanza Superior sobre el efecto del uso de la herramienta tecnológica Wooclap en su experiencia de aprendizaje, tras la vuelta a las aulas después de las restricciones impuestas por la pandemia COVID-19. En este estudio participaron 74 estudiantes de asignaturas de Geografía del Grado de Educación Primaria y del Grado de Turismo de la Universidad de Sevilla quienes cumplimentaron una encuesta online - mediante la plataforma de encuestación SurveyMonkey - sobre su percepción utilizando en clase la herramienta Wooclap. La mayoría de los estudiantes opinó que Wooclap era una herramienta dinámica y fácil de usar, que les había ayudado a concentrarse mejor, que su uso les había facilitado el proceso de aprendizaje y les había permitido una mayor interacción con el profesor. Estos resultados demuestran como el uso de la herramienta tecnológica Wooclap puede facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje, así como la comunicación entre estudiantes y profesores. No obstante, la mayoría de los alumnos prefiere ser evaluado combinando la evaluación clásica con las herramientas tecnológicas (y no únicamente mediante evaluado combinando la evaluación clásica con las herramientas tecnológicas). Los resultados del presente estudio corroboran los beneficios del fomento del uso de la herramienta Wooclap en la docencia de tercer ciclo.

This paper addresses the role of living spaces, neighborhood environments, and access to nearby nature in shaping individual experiences of health and well-being during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Key data is drawn from the GreenCOVID study across Spain, England and Ireland. The survey gathered contextual information about home environments, neighborhood spaces, and access to nature elements, and standardized measures of health and wellbeing between April and July 2020 (n = 3,127). The paper used qualitative data from the survey to document flows between home and nearby nature. These were framed as barriers/mediators with specific focus on differing interpretations of home as both trap and refuge, with additional dimensions of loss, disruption and interruption shaping the broad responses to the pandemic. By contrast nearby nature was an enabler/moderator of health and wellbeing, offering healthy flows between home and nature as well as respite and additional health-enabling factors. Differences were identified between the three countries but important commonalities emerged too, recognising the role nature plays as an asset both within and immediately beyond the home. The use of flow as metaphor also recognises the importance of embodiment and the elastic nature of connections between home and nearby nature for wellbeing. More broadly, flow provides a valuable way to trace affective relational geographers to develop a wider understanding of assemblages of health during pandemics.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the daily lives of people and may affect their well-being. The aim of the present study is to assess well-being and associated factors during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in three European countries. Methods GreenCOVID was an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey (7 April 2020 to 24 July 2020) promoted by the Health & Territory Research (HTR) of the University of Seville in Spain, Maynooth University in Ireland, and the University of Winchester in England, which included a sample of 3109 unselected adults. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. Seven aspects, related to the natural environment of the home, were evaluated (role of outdoor views in coping with lockdown, importance of blue spaces during lockdown, importance of green spaces during lockdown, quality of view from home, use of outdoor spaces or window views, elements of nature in the home, and views of green or blue spaces from home). Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the parameters associated with poor well-being. Results Mean age was 39.7 years and 79.3% lived in Spain, the majority in urban areas (92.8%). 73.0% were female and 72.0% had undertaken university studies. Poor well-being was reported by 59.0%, while 26.6% indicated the possible presence of clinical depression. The factors most associated with poor well-being were students (OR = 1.541), those who had no engagement in physical activity (OR = 1.389), those who reported ‘living in Spain’ compared to Ireland (OR = 0.724), being female (OR = 1.256), poor quality views from home (OR = 0.887), less benefit from views of the natural environment to cope with lockdown (OR = 0.964), and those younger in age (OR = 0.990). Conclusions More than half of participants reported poor well-being and one in four indicated the possible presence of clinical depression during the fir

This study presents the perception of Higher Education students on the effect of the use of the technological tool Wooclap on their learning experience, after returning to the classroom afterthe restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 74 students of Geography subjects of the Primary Education Degree and the Tourism Degree of the University of Seville completed an online survey -using the SurveyMonkey survey platform -on their perception of the use of the Wooclap tool in class. Most of the students felt that Wooclap was a dynamic and easy-to-use tool, that it had helped them to concentrate better, that its use had facilitated the learning process and had allowed them to interact more with the teacher. These results demonstrate how the use of the Wooclap technology tool can facilitate the learning process, as well as communication between students and teachers. However, most students prefer to be assessed by combining classical assessment with technological tools (and not only by being assessed by combining classical assessment with technological tools). The results of the present study corroborate the benefits of promoting the use of the Wooclap tool in graduate teaching., Este estudo apresenta a percepção dos alunos do Educação Superiorsobre o efeito do uso da ferramenta tecnológica Wooclapem sua experiência de aprendizagem, após o retorno à sala de aula após as restrições impostas pela pandemia COVID-19. Neste estudo, 74 alunos das disciplinas de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental e de Turismo da Universidade de Sevilha completaram uma pesquisa on-line -utilizando a plataforma de pesquisa SurveyMonkey -sobre sua percepção do uso da ferramenta Wooclap na sala de aula. A maioria dos alunos sentiu que o Wooclap era uma ferramenta dinâmica e fácil de usar, que os tinha ajudado a se concentrar melhor, que seu uso tinha facilitado o processo de aprendizagem e que lhes tinha permitido interagir mais com o professor. Estes resultados demonstram como o uso da ferramenta de tecnologia Wooclap pode facilitar o processo de aprendizagem, bem como a comunicação entre alunos e professores. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudantes prefere ser avaliada através da combinação da avaliação clássica com ferramentas tecnológicas (e não apenas através da combinação da avaliação clássica com ferramentas tecnológicas). Osresultados do presente estudo corroboram os benefícios de promover o uso da ferramenta Wooclap no ensino do terceiro ciclo.Palavras-chave, El presente estudio presenta la percepción de estudiantes de Enseñanza Superiorsobre el efecto del uso de la herramienta tecnológica Wooclap en su experiencia de aprendizaje, tras la vuelta a las aulas después de las restricciones impuestas por la pandemia COVID-19. En este estudio participaron 74 estudiantes de asignaturas de Geografía del Grado de Educación Primaria y del Grado de Turismo de la Universidad de Sevilla quienes cumplimentaron una encuesta online -mediante la plataforma de encuestación SurveyMonkey -sobre su percepción utilizando en clase la herramienta Wooclap. La mayoría de los estudiantes opinó que Wooclap era una herramienta dinámica y fácil de usar, que les había ayudado a concentrarse mejor, que su uso les había facilitado el proceso de aprendizaje y les había permitido una mayor interacción con el profesor. Estos resultados demuestran como el uso de la herramienta tecnológica Wooclap puede facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje, así como la comunicación entre estudiantes y profesores. Noobstante, la mayoría de los alumnos prefiere ser evaluado combinando la evaluación clásica con las herramientas tecnológicas (y no únicamente mediante evaluado combinando la evaluación clásica con las herramientas tecnológicas). Los resultados del presente estudio corroboran los beneficios del fomento del uso de la herramienta Wooclap en la docencia de tercer ciclo.

Although different studies have evaluated the positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on reducing noise pollution and traffic levels and improving air quality, how populations have perceived such changes in the natural environment has not been adequately evaluated. The present study provides a more in-depth exploration of human population perception of enhanced natural exposure (to animal life and nature sounds) and reduced harmful exposure (by improved air quality and reduced traffic volume) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The data is drawn from 3,109 unselected adults who participated in the GreenCOVID survey from April to July 2020 in England, Ireland, and Spain. The findings suggest that the positive impacts to the natural environment as a result of the lockdown have been better received by the population in Spain and Ireland, in comparison to England. Participants who resided in urban areas had better perceived improvements in nature sounds, air quality, and traffic volume compared to those in rural areas. Older populations and those with lower smoking and alcohol consumption were found to perceive this improvement the most. Furthermore, the greater perception of improvements in environmental elements was also associated with better self-perceived health and improved wellbeing. In the binary logistic regression, living in Ireland or Spain, urban areas, female gender, older age, and good overall wellbeing were associated with a greater perception of improvements in the natural environment, while the factors most associated with a greater perception of reduced harmful exposure were living in Spain, had a good self-perceived health status and older age

Background In several countries public health efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have included movement restrictions that confine residents to their home or to reduced catchment areas. Household characteristics and assets of nearby spaces may be particularly relevant to support wellbeing and mental health in this context. The aim of this study was to explore wellbeing and mental health associations with factors of the immediate natural and built environment among adults in Ireland during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Commuting to work is an important part of many people's daily life, with travel times increasing steadily and becoming a growing problem. Longer commutes, increased costs, and certain forms of transport can lead to increased stress and poor psychological health. The aim of the present study is to assess the possible associations between commuting patterns and poor mental health in workers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study analysing information from the representative population survey 2015 ‘Commuting, Daily Habits and Urban Health’ survey in Mairena del Aljarafe (Spain). For the present study, 294 workers aged from 16–64 years old were included. To detect poor mental health, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was administered. The study also included sociodemographic, lifestyle, and commuting patterns. Associations were tested using Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate each item of the GHQ-12 scale. Multiple linear regression was applied to explore factors associated with poor mental health. Results: Of the sample of workers, the mean age was 43.1 years old, 46.6% female, 49.0% had undertaken university study, 38.4% smoked, and 44.5% were overweight/obese. For their commute, 77.1% used a private motor vehicle (vs. 6.9% public transport and 16.0% active transport), allocated 51.9 min/day (54.8 min/day private, 44.2 min/day public, and 39.3 min/day active transport, p=0.004), and spent €91.9/month (€99.7/month private, €59.0/month public, and €59.5/month active transport, p<0.001). Workers who used their private motor vehicle to commute to work presented, as driving time increased, poorer mental health and reported worrying levels of sleep loss, being under stress, and feeling unhappy or depressed. However, for public or active commuters, we cannot reach any of these conclusions. The multiple linear regression model shows that workers who use their private motorised transport and those who spe

Although a large body of research supports the theory that exposure to nature results in mental health benefits, research evidence on the e ects of having a view of green space from home is still scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact that access to a green space view from home has on anxiety and depression. This is a cross-sectional study extracting data from the “2018 Green Spaces, Daily Habits and Urban Health Survey” conducted in Carmona (Spain). The study included variables on sociodemographic and lifestyle, view of green spaces from home, self-perceived health status, and risk of anxiety and depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Chi-square tests were used to assess variable’s associations and a multiple linear regression models used to identify the variables explaining the risk of anxiety and depression, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of visits and view of green spaces from home. According to our results, adults who enjoy a view of green spaces from home have a lower risk of anxiety and depression.

Although a large body of research supports the theory that exposure to nature results in mental health benefits, research evidence on the effects of having a view of green space from home is still scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact that access to a green space view from home has on anxiety and depression. This is a cross-sectional study extracting data from the “2018 Green Spaces, Daily Habits and Urban Health Survey” conducted in Carmona (Spain). The study included variables on sociodemographic and lifestyle, view of green spaces from home, self-perceived health status, and risk of anxiety and depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Chi-square tests were used to assess variable’s associations and a multiple linear regression models used to identify the variables explaining the risk of anxiety and depression, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of visits and view of green spaces from home. According to our results, adults who enjoy a view of green spaces from home have a lower risk of anxiety and depression.

This short paper provides a brief overview of the GreenCOVID study and preliminary results of Irish data pertaining how characteristics of the built and natural environment supported health and well-being during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and purpose Migraine is a common and costly neurological disorder. The aims of this study were to quantify the costs of chronic (CM) and episodic migraine (EM) in Spain, evaluating the impact of psychiatric comorbidities and disability, and to estimate the economic savings associated with reducing the number of migraine-days by 50%. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional analysis of data from migraine patients who participated in the Spanish Migraine Atlas. The participants were invited to complete a structured questionnaire including the following scales: the Headache Needs Assessment, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Results A total of 475 patients were included, of whom 187 had CM (39.4%). Total costs per patient/year were: €16 578.2 ± €34 568.1 for CM and €6227.8 ± €6515.7 for EM. A higher degree of disability, according to MIDAS, significantly increased the total cost of migraine, while the presence of psychiatric comorbidity increased costs for EM patients only. A reduction of 1 migraine-day per month decreased average total costs by €744.14 per patient/year for EM and €663.20 per patient/year for CM, while a reduction in the number of migraine-days by 50% would result in economic savings of €2232.44 per patient/year (R2 = 0.927) for EM and €6631.99 per patient/year (R2 = 0.886) for CM. Conclusions The costs associated with migraine were driven by migraine frequency and the degree of disability, whereas psychiatric comorbidity only influenced the cost of EM. These results highlight the need to optimize migraine management to reduce the economic migraine burden. Future studies are needed to confirm our results.

Objective Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Spain 2017 aims to better understand the reality of the patients suffering from this disease from an integrated approach. Methods The Atlas 2017 based its results on an extensive cross-sectional patient survey conducted in Spain (2016), validated by a multidisciplinary group of experts on spondyloarthritis. Results Data from 680 patients with axSpA were obtained, most of them suffered from AS, were HLA-B27 positive, older than 45 years, and live as part of a couple. A large percentage had university studies, were disabled and members of a patient association. Patients reported a diagnostic delay of 8.5 years, high disease activity (BASDAI 5.5 ± 2.2), moderate-important stiffness (61.0%), medium-high functional limitation (74.9%), and psychological distress (GHQ 5.7 ± 4.5). A total of 54.7% reported taking NSAIDs, 28.4% DMARDs, 36.3% biological therapy and 32.2% were not receiving pharmacological treatment. Conclusions The Atlas survey data reveals still a long diagnostic delay, high disease activity, psychological distress, while an important proportion could be undertreated.