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In addition to administrative documents, narrative sources provide a wealth of information on the functioning of the town government. For almost 30 years, around the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, three Brașov biographers and diarists, Michael Weiss, Marcus Schunckabunck and Andreas Hegyes, recorded the complete annual lists of the town council. Set in the context of events in the town, these sources provide particularly valuable information on the organisation and functioning of the administration, the activities, conflicts, and grievances associated with the office of councillor, and not only list the names of the councilmen but also describe their duties in the various areas of the administration. In the absence of the minutes of the council meetings, these sources also make it possible to draw up an archontology of the town council of Brașov. In the appendix to this paper, a list of the councillors from 1590 to 1617 is presented, which can serve as a model for the development of a subsequent urban archontology covering the entire early modern period, including other administrative sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Roumaine d'Histoire de l'Art. Serie Beaux-Arts is the property of G. Oprescu Institute of Art History of the Romanian Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The change of the name of Braşov to Stalin City in 1950 was a consequence of the Stalinisation of Romania. However, this was not a particular case among the communist countries of Eastern Europe. In all the states that had been communized after the Second World War at least one city was named after Stalin. Braşov was an important urban center, multiethnic with a well-developed industry and thousands of workers. Therefore, the Romanian Communist Leadership had chosen it to be named Stalin city. Through the propaganda action carried out, the Romanian communists arranged things in such manner that in the eyes of the people it looked like the inhabitants of Braşov had actually the initiative of rebaptizing the city. The communist publications „Scânteia“ and „Drum Nou“ had heavily emphasized the inhabitants' enthusiasm towards this measure. In reality, this had not been the case; however, the citizens had to accept the party leadership's decision. Therefore, it can easily be noticed that the granting of Stalin's name to the city of Braşov was a political decision taken by the Romanian communist leaders in the early 1950s in the context of the Stalinist period when Romania was completely obedient to the Soviet Union. In 1960 the Romanian communist leadership decided to return Stalin city to its initial name: Brasov as a consequence of Romania's departure from USSR and the transition to the national communism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents a historical perspective on the relations between the provost of Sibiu and the deanery of Brașov and the Hungarian archbishopric of Strigoniu. It is based on a historical-legal reading of the documents that establish the quality of the born legate of the archbishop of Strigoniu for all the structures founded by the Holy See within the Hungarian kingdom and its associated structures such as Transylvania. The born legate is the primate metropolitan of a medieval kingdom, dependent on Rome and acting in Rome's interest. In the Hungarian kingdom, there was a competition between the metropolitans of Esztergom and Kalocsa that also targeted southern Transylvania, to which the Holy See granted, for the Germans there, exemptions for the ecclesiastical structures there being reported to Rome nullo mediante. The conclusion of the study is that the provostship of Sibiu and the deanery of Brașov did not have a diocesan relationship with the Hungarian archbishopric of Strigoniu, but a relationship with the born legate of the Holy See from the Hungarian kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the volume “Graphic Art of Old Romanian Books Printed in Brașov” (1805-1827) written by Anca Elisabeta Tatay and Cornel Tatai-Baltă and published in excellent graphic conditions at the Mega Publishing House in Cluj-Napoca, in 2020. First, we talk about the theoretical excursion in the first part, then about the album with fine reproductions of title sheets, vignettes, seals, engravings, in the second part.

This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the literature on the definition and development of the concepts of heritage and sustainability. The harmful effects of various pollutants on the materials widely used in the construction of monuments/buildings, which are part of the national and international cultural heritage, are also highlighted. In addition, the paper draws attention to modern techniques for investigating the composition and diagnosis of the alteration of buildings materials with the focus on stone, limestone, and mortars/concrete. The present research also emphasizes that in the case of heritage buildings, different skills are needed not only related to heritage conservation and rehabilitation, but also skills related to heritage planning processes, and to sustainable constructions. For exemplification, the manuscript proposes specific conservation principles based on the case of Brasov city, located in the heart of Romania and being par excellence a medieval town with representative buildings for that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii şi cercetări de istoria artei. Seria Artă plastică is the property of G. Oprescu Institute of Art History of the Romanian Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REVART: Specialized Review of Theory & Critique of Arts is the property of EDITURA Eurostampa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explores the connection between the atmospheric circulation and the air temperature stratification in the western part of Brașov depression during 2 years of air temperature monitoring (2013-2014) on fixed points. The monitoring points have covered the low area of the depression (Stupini - 610 m), the mountain slopes (Poiana Brașov - 1200 m) and the highest point in the region (Vf. Omu -2500 m). On the basis of daily values from these 3 observation points, 6 types of temperature stratification were established. Each of these types of stratification was analyzed according to the daily GWT atmospheric circulation types. The results indicate that the normal stratification prevails along the year, but the temperature inversion and isothermy reach 17% concerning the mean daily air temperature, 11% for the maximum daily air temperature and 35% for the minimum daily air temperature. The temperature inversion situations became prevalent concerning minimum air temperature representing the most common temperature stratification during winter mornings. From dynamic point of view, besides the well-known role of high pressure centers other diverse types of southerly, south-westerly or even westerly atmospheric circulations are related also to the occurrence of most cases of temperature inversion, while the normal stratification is related mostly to intense cyclonic activity in the region of Romania.

People have always been fascinated by time, and for its measurement natural rhythms (cycle of seasons, movement of stars) were first used, and then various devices with which help they organized their economic, social and religious life. In the Middle Ages the towers of the cathedrals and city halls were equipped with intricate mechanisms that could measure day and night, but not without errors for a 24-hour period. City clocks meant a lot in the life of society, becoming the subject of local mythology, and the buildings on which they were located became emblematic monuments. The clock installed on the tower of the Braşov Council House in the early 16th century was equipped with four dials located on the four sides of the tower. The bell had been setting in motion with the help of a wooden figurine. In the 18th century there was installed a bell sounding every quarter of an hour. In 1877, the city council acquired the mechanism produced at the Johann Mannhardt’s factory in Munich, which functioned until 2010, and then was replaced by another one, manufactured in 1890 by the same manufacturer.

Since August 1914 in Braşov the actions in support of the army were often held; they were organized at different levels and intensified as the war progressed. A huge role in this belonged to the local elites, considered an example for society. Donations of money, clothes and food for soldiers and families who were left without means of subsistence were held, charitable concerts for widows and orphans of war were organized. In addition, the collection of metal for military purposes was organized. “Gold gab ich für Eisen” (“I give gold for iron”) is the motto of a charity action in support of the Austro-Hungarian army, which was initiated by the Austrian Society “Silver Cross” (“Crucea de argint”). In Braşov, the action was led by Countess Mikes and the director of the local branch of the National Bank Hugo Beer. The townspeople were called upon to donate gold jewelry; in exchange they were given iron rings with the engraved motto “Gold gab ich für Eisen 1914”.

In the later Middle Ages Brașov was one of the leading urban centers in the Kingdom of Hungary and boasted over a dozen churches and chapels, the most impressive one being the Black Church. Most of the medieval worship sites were still standing in the 18th century, after the Habsburg takeover of Transylvania, but some were subsequently renovated or rebuilt. Additionally, two new churches were erected in 1783 in the northern suburbs. This article has recorded all the worship places depicted by the city plans of Brașov published in 1699, 1702, 1736, 1747 and 1796. The five cartographic documents illustrate nine churches (five Lutheran, two Roman-Catholic and two Orthodox). Besides the churches, three Roman-Catholic chapels are represented by the 1796 city plan and by two local survey plans of the Cetățuie (“Fortress”) area from ca. 1750. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By definition, a monument has extraordinary features that mark landscape and human minds alike. Without any doubt, the Medieval and Early Modern World of Europe was marked by ecclesiastical monuments, from great cathedrals and abbeys to simple chapels and altars at crossroads. A very interesting case study offers Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó, in the south-eastern corner of Transylvania, where historical sources attest several ecclesiastic monuments, in and around the city. Late medieval and early modern documents and chronicles reveal not only interesting data on the monasteries, churches and chapels of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, but also on the way in which citizens and outsiders imagined those monuments in their mental topography of the city. The inhabitants of Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó and foreign visitors saw the monasteries, churches and chapels of the city, kept them in mind and referred to them in their (written) accounts, when they wanted to locate certain facts or events. The present paper aims in offering an overview of the late medieval and early modern sources regarding the ecclesiastical monuments of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, as well as an insight into the imagined topography of a Transylvanian city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Colloquium of Social Sciences and Communication ACUM (NOW) took place in Brasov in between 17th and 19th of October 2019, over three sunny autumn days. The event was organized by the Faculty of Sociology and Communication of the University Transylvania and by the Society of Sociologists of Romania. The keynote speakers were: Bogdan Voicu (R.I.Q.L.) with a communication about migration as a double osmosis, Robbie Gilligan (University of Dublin), with a paper about working with vulnerable young people, Sylvie Huet, (University of Clermond), who investigated the “glass ceilings”, and Mihai Burlacu, from the Bucharest Polytechnic, with a reconsideration of the anthropological space as heterotopia. The colloquium organized by SSR is already part of a local university tradition of national and international openness. Slowly but steadily, a real international character of scientific manifestations in Romania is formed, much less cosmopolitan than similar conferences in the global West, but with a constant presence of foreign guests and participants who bring a much needed diversity of perspectives and research themes. During the works, we received a very careful reception from colleagues in sessions that put together various contributions, from long-term individual research topics to recent exploratory research.The event was one that confirmed its success over the years, thus strengthening Brasov's place on the map of social sciences in Romania.

La zona de los Cárpatos y del Bajo Danubio (la Rumanía de hoy) fue durante siglos un espacio europeo de tránsito por el que se pasaba yendo o viniendo de las peregrinaciones a Jerusalén. También fue un lugar desde donde partieron peregrinos hacia los lugares santos de la cristiandad, Santiago de Compostela incluido. La lejanía de la capital de Galicia no fue un obstáculo insuperable para los peregrinos que rogaron al apóstol Santiago el perdón de sus pecados. Nos parece que esta es la razón de la existencia de las iglesias y topónimos relacionados con el apóstol Santiago que hay en Rumanía, principalmente en Transilvania. La Reforma de la Iglesia Católica en la primera mitad del siglo XVI y la desaparición del reino de Hungría (1541) fueron las causas del cese de las peregrinaciones en Europa Central y Occidental, incluyendo la de Santiago de Compostela. La peregrinación hasta la capital de Galicia renació con su declaración como Itinerario Cultural Europeo (1987), desde entonces, también con la participación de peregrinos provenientes de toda Rumanía, no solo de Transilvania como antaño.

The Rombauer family came from Lő cse (Levoča), where for centuries they lived their secluded, hard-working burger lives until, by the end of the 18th century and then into the 19th century, the family gradually moved away from the Saxon community of the former Upper Hungary. Among other family members, there was a well-known painter in St. Petersburg, and many came to the United States or Bra zil, where they were coping well with difficult situations. However, perhaps a lesser-known family member, Emil Rombauer, was taken to Braşov, where, as the first principal of the newly founded High School, he not only had to compete with Romanian higher education, but was not welcomed by the Saxon and Hungarian communities either, be ing considered a stranger. Emil Rombauer did not only build a new school, but also represented a mo dern set of values, a pluralistic approach, and neutrality. Through his perfectionism and unyielding workmanship, he recruited a teaching staff of outstanding quality, and supported the lat est teaching methods, the local press, painters, a local vocal ensemble, and many other areas of culture, often from his own resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Historia Artium is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We try to learn more from the examples of other cities or regions, but most often we do not know the history of our home city. Often, we try to implement a strategy or a modern principle unanimously accepted on a new site, regardless of the local history and the community needs. Since the Middle Ages, the geographical position of the city has made Braşov a major centre for economic and cultural exchanges. However, Braşov's architectural heritage is unjustly ignored both by the large public and by the authorities. The new challenges of the late twentieth century changed the role of industry in the society, both globally and locally. All these led to the change of its role in economic development. Industrial development and the need for labour mean that the city and reorganization of existing structures serve new needs. In the period under review new factories were built throughout the city, transforming the medieval town of Braşov into an industrial one.

Fascinated by Transylvania, Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889) sought to come into contact with its outstanding persona lities and with the land itself, whose image would later leave an imprint upon his work. His contacts included Aron Pumnul, on whose death he wrote an ode, Andrei Mureşanu, and somewhat later Iosif Vulcan and the Metropolitan Bishop Andrei Şaguna. The present article looks at Eminescu's travels across Transylvania. The author analyzes, on the one hand, the relations between this enlightening experienceand Eminescu's debut as a journalist, and, on the other, the emergence of a particular sensitivity towards essential experiences, in a word, the foundations of Eminescu's ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Musei Brukenthal is the property of Brukenthal National Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explores the connection between the atmospheric circulation and the air temperature stratification in the western part of Brașov depression during 2 years of air temperature monitoring (2013-2014) on fixed points. The monitoring points have covered the low area of the depression (Stupini - 610 m), the mountain slopes (Poiana Brașov - 1200 m) and the highest point in the region (Vf. Omu -2500 m). On the basis of daily values from these 3 observation points, 6 types of temperature stratification were established. Each of these types of stratification was analyzed according to the daily GWT atmospheric circulation types. The results indicate that the normal stratification prevails along the year, but the temperature inversion and isothermy reach 17% concerning the mean daily air temperature, 11% for the maximum daily air temperature and 35% for the minimum daily air temperature. The temperature inversion situations became prevalent concerning minimum air temperature representing the most common temperature stratification during winter mornings. From dynamic point of view, besides the well-known role of high pressure centers other diverse types of southerly, south-westerly or even westerly atmospheric circulations are related also to the occurrence of most cases of temperature inversion, while the normal stratification is related mostly to intense cyclonic activity in the region of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article draws a picture of sports activities in the interwar period, involving the "Andrei Şaguna" High School in Braşov, an elite educational institution in Transylvania. Among the sportive regional competitions in which they frequently participated in, are watchman celebrations, the athletic contest organized by the Braşov Physical Education service, the inter-school competition for athletics in the region, organized by the School Inspectorate, handball, volleyball, football competitions and ping-pong. Of particular importance was the "Zaharia Florian Cup" / "Ski Schools Cup", held annually in Poiana Braşov, which also involved other educational institutions in the area, such as the Saxon School of Commerce, the Romanian School of Commerce, the School of Arts and Crafts, the C.F.R. Apprentice School, the Roman Catholic High School, the Meşotă High School and the Honterus High School. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forschungen zur Volks- und Landeskunde is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study The Great War As Seen by Artists from Brasov presents the partaking of artists such as Hans Eder, Fritz Kimm, Eduard Morres, and Ludwig Hesshaimer to the First World War, as appointed artists by the Austro-Hungarian army or as combatants who depicted scenes from the battlefront in their works. The study analyses how these artists have illustrated the war from a thematical and stylistical point of view, while also highlightening how such an experience has influenced their creation as a whole. While Fritz Kimm and Eduard Morres were not greatly influenced by the horrors of the Great War, Hans Eder's adhesion to Expressionism intensified during 1914-1918 and thus remained defining for his entire creation. Also, Ludwig Hesshaimer has made many graphic artworks depicting war scenes, among which his two series of prints question the rationality of war. The study also mentions some aspects regarding the perception of the conflict as seen in the works of artists such as Valeriu Maximilian and Margarete Depner who were in Braşov during the war years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Musei Brukenthal is the property of Brukenthal National Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Musei Brukenthal is the property of Brukenthal National Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Historia Artium is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a recently found gold treasure discovered near the city of Braşov, dated to Hallstatt B1 and containing 22 gold notched Brăduţ-type rings. The treasure is discussed in the context of similar finds from Transylvania, and the characteristics of the items are analysed: decoration, weight, dimensions, shape, technology, decoration techniques, metal composition. The possible functions of this type of rings are also discussed briefly.

Aspects of Population Evolution in the Metropolitan Area of Brașov During the Post-Communist Period 1992-2011. The metropolitan area of Brașov is an important polarizing center in Transylvania. Throughout the years this metropolitan area suffered not only the territorial, industrial, economic, political transformation but also demographic transformation due to the changes in the demographic structure of population. In this order, first of all we focus on demographic structures and population dynamics emphasizing actual social phenomena such as migration and population ageing. Our study reveals the existence of a similar framework at the national level: migration and ageing of population process. Secondly, we analyze the demographic structure of population in the post-communist period between 1992-2011 emphasizing the evolution of population by age and sector of activity. In our approach we will build a theoretical framework by using statistical data to indicate the demographic tendency of the population in the metropolitan area of Brașov. In the third place we consider the possibility to revitalize the studied area by proposing a few necessary measures for development and change in the mentality of the inhabitants.

The International Colloquium of Social Sciences and Communication ACUM (NOW) took place in Brasov in between 17th and 19th of October 2019, over three sunny autumn days. The event was organized by the Faculty of Sociology and Communication of the University Transylvania and by the Society of Sociologists of Romania. The keynote speakers were: Bogdan Voicu (R.I.Q.L.) with a communication about migration as a double osmosis, Robbie Gilligan (University of Dublin), with a paper about working with vulnerable young people, Sylvie Huet, (University of Clermond), who investigated the "glass ceilings", and Mihai Burlacu, from the Bucharest Polytechnic, with a reconsideration of the anthropological space as heterotopia. The colloquium organized by SSR is already part of a local university tradition of national and international openness. Slowly but steadily, a real international character of scientific manifestations in Romania is formed, much less cosmopolitan than similar conferences in the global West, but with a constant presence of foreign guests and participants who bring a much needed diversity of perspectives and research themes. During the works, we received a very careful reception from colleagues in sessions that put together various contributions, from long-term individual research topics to recent exploratory research.The event was one that confirmed its success over the years, thus strengthening Brasov's place on the map of social sciences in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is a result of an extensive research, reflected in several writings on this subject. The musical life of Braşov can not be properly characterized without consulting the local press from the past. Thus, we conducted a research to collect and order information from the 20th century Drum Nou and Astra journals from Braşov. The focus of the present article is the period of time between 1971-1973. The selected material is chronologically presented in order to give the readers a mirror to the musical life of Braşov from about 45-50 years ago, the cultural events and the artistic manifestations of the times concerned being those that assured the prestige of Braşov in the musical-artistic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is about a new temporary exhibition dedicated to a hard-to-tell subject, the Romanian national movement in 19th century and the beginning of 20th century for political and national rights, struggle ended with the Great Union of Romania from 1 December 1918. The memorial museum of Mureşianu family has the largest family archive from Romania, with more than 17.000 documents and newspapers from this period. The role of Mureşianu family in national Romanian movement from 19th century is now presented in a new fashion, more connected to modern technological devices, in order to be more appealing to younger generation, the millennials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes four votive images from the churches of southern Transylvania. The first two from Prejmer and Cristian, Braşov county, are mercantile foundations, and the second two, from Teiuş, Alba county, and Turnu Roşu, Sibiu county, are noble or princely foundations. These votive images are significant because they testify and ascertain the initial architecture of the monuments and influences from Wallachia brought in Transylvania on political and economic ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study provides data on the portrait of Sigismund of Luxembourg, located on the Monastery Gate in Brașov between the 16th and 19th centuries. A large wall painting, the portrait disappeared after the demolition of the gate in the years 1835-1836. The details of the mural painting depicting Sigismund of Luxembourg have so far remained largely unknown. Starting from a photograph, preserved at the Brașov County Administration of the National Archives, a reproduction of an easel painting, a true copy of the murals, the study reconstructs the aspect of the mural painting. The portrait of Sigismund of Luxembourg is one of the most important works of secular mural painting from 16th century Transylvania and remains so far unpublished in the speciality literature dedicated to the iconography of Sigismund of Luxembourg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metropolitan areas represent large urban centers, made up of a metropolis and adjacent areas of influence. In general, one or several cities are polarizing centers which inspire a name to the metropolitan area as the most important component of the city. The human pressure may be analyzed using anthropic pressure indices. They are calculated according to the relation between the surfaces with different types of occupation and the number of population overlapping such occupied areas. The data used in calculations may be found in official statistics and in international environmental monitoring programs. Such program is Copernicus which provides the Corine Land Cover data relating to use of land in Europe. To calculate and analyze anthropic pressure indices one may use GIS applications which process the Corine Land Cover data and create maps that expose changes occurred at visual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]