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This phenomenological research explores the opinions of social studies teacher candidates about self and peer assessment. It is a descriptive study using qualitative data from a sample of 21 teacher candidates. Research data were collected using a semi-structured interview and the researcher's observation notes. The data were analysed using the descriptive content analysis method. The findings showed that self and peer assessment could serve as a powerful learning activity rather than simply an assessment tool. The results also indicated that self and peer assessment support the development of skills, such as self-regulation, critical thinking and decisionmaking. Teacher candidates reported that self and peer assessment had positive effects, such as recognizing their own shortcomings, learning by sampling from peers' work, constructive contribution to each other's work, comprehension of the skills and criteria that form the basis of assessment, being part of the assessment process, gaining assessment skills, recognizing individual differences and developing critical thinking skills. Self and peer assessment facilitate the development of a learning environment that is more cooperative, participative and appropriate to the educational needs of initial teacher education students in the 21st century. C1 [Bozkurt, Fisun] Pamukkale Univ, Denizli, Turkey.

Aim: This article summarizes and reviews recent studies on nanoparticulation of solid and hollow nanoparticles using edible proteins and carbohydrates from plant and animal origin and shares new research conducted in our laboratory on fabrication of biopolymer-based nanodelivery systems. Methods: We compare the properties of nanoparticles fabricated using desolvation, coacervation, and layer-by-layer assembly. The parameters affecting the morphological and physical states of the nanodelivery systems as well as their abilities to encapsulate bioactive compounds, and the mechanisms of the nanoparticulation process are discussed in detail. Results: The article offers methods that need to be used with each nanoparticulation technique along with key characterization data obtained. The effect of varying a wide range of parameters on particle size, size distribution, morphology, effect of solvents and non-solvents, effect of surface charge of polyelectrolytes, effect of fabrication conditions are presented. Conclusions: We believe the article gives enough detail to give the reader useful information related to the performance of all the different nanoparticles studied in our laboratory over the last 6 years. Practical applications: Biopolymer based nanodelivery systems presented in this article, have great potential to be used in the nutraceutical, food, pharmaceutical industries as well as agriculture. The biodegradable and edible nature of these nanodelivery systems make them safe for incorporating into food and nutraceutical materials, because, the biopolymers used in their fabrication are biocompatible polymers of food origin that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) (Food and Drug Administration, The Daily Journal of the United States Government, 2016). Therefore, use of edible polymer-based nanoparticles would be safer and less toxic and consequently better for all these industries. For example, in the food industry, antioxidant compounds can be encapsulated which would then be incorporated into packaging materials and that would help maintain freshness and good quality and would prevent oxidative deterioration of foods to increase shelf life. Pesticides and insecticides can also be encapsulated in these nanodelivery systems for agricultural applications. Because they are biodegradable and originated from natural biopolymers, their impact on the environment and the quality of the soil would be minimized compared to current applications that use some burdensome chemicals. Biopolymer based nanodelivery systems would also be of high interest for the pharmaceutical industry. Through the efficacy and extra stability gained with encapsulation, drugs and bioactives would be better protected from the acidic environment of the stomach and be released more controllably in the intestines. Further functionalization of nanodelivery systems with recognition elements, such as antibodies or aptamers, would enable more specifically targeted delivery. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

AIM: Clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetic foot infections developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) are commonly used worldwide. The issue of whether or not these guidelines need to be adjusted for local circumstances, however, has seldom been assessed in large prospective trials. METHODS: The Turk-DAY trial was a prospective, multi-center study in which infectious disease specialists from centers across Turkey were invited to participate (NCT02026830). RESULTS: A total of 35 centers throughout Turkey enrolled patients in the trial. Overall, investigators collected a total of 522 specimens from infected diabetic foot wounds for culture from 447 individual patients. Among all isolates, 36.4% were gram-positive organisms, with Staphylococcus aureus the most common among these (11.4%). Gram-negative organisms constituted 60.2% of all the isolates, and the most commonly isolated gram-negative was Escherichia coli (15%). The sensitivity rates of the isolated species were remarkably low for several antimicrobials used in the mild infection group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, several of the antimicrobials frequently used for empirical treatment, including some also recommended in the IDSA guidelines, would not be optimal for treating diabetic foot infections in Turkey. Although the IDSA guideline recommendations may be helpful to guide empiric antimicrobial therapy of DFIs, they should be adjusted to local conditions.

Aim: Clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetic foot infections developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) are commonly used worldwide. The issue of whether or not these guidelines need to be adjusted for local circumstances, however, has seldom been assessed in large prospective trials. Methods: The Turk-DAY trial was a prospective, multi-center study in which infectious disease specialists from centers across Turkey were invited to participate (NCT02026830). Results: A total of 35 centers throughout Turkey enrolled patients in the trial. Overall, investigators collected a total of 522 specimens from infected diabetic foot wounds for culture from 447 individual patients. Among all isolates, 36.4% were gram-positive organisms, with Staphylococcus aureus the most common among these (11.4%). Gram-negative organisms constituted 60.2% of all the isolates, and the most commonly isolated gram-negative was Escherichia coli (15%). The sensitivity rates of the isolated species were remarkably low for several antimicrobials used in the mild infection group. Conclusions: Based on our findings, several of the antimicrobials frequently used for empirical treatment, including some also recommended in the IDSA guidelines, would not be optimal for treating diabetic foot infections in Turkey. Although the IDSA guideline recommendations may be helpful to guide empiric antimicrobial therapy of DFIs, they should be adjusted to local conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In this study, the population growth of the brain tumor GBM, is constructed such as

In this paper, fractional-order is introduced into a brain tumor model that is known as GBM. This model shows a population of a brain tumor that has two-strains of tumors: sensitive tumor cells and resistant tumor cells. This system will explain a brain tumor model, that has a monoclonal origin (sensitive tumor cells), and produces, after reaching a specific density, another tumor with different growth-rate and treatment susceptibility. In this work, we have shown that the model possesses non-negative solutions. Furthermore, we have studied the stability, the existence and the uniqueness of the constructed model. To investigate the conditions for an extinction of the tumor cells, we have modified this system and have considered the Allee threshold. Numerical simulations have given a detailed description of the behavior of the model at the end of the paper.

Bu çalışma da yetki devrinin çalışanları güçlendirme yöntemi olarak değerlendirilebileceği gibi bir sosyal kaytarma davranışı olarak da algılanabileceği görüşünden yola çıkarak, yetki devrinin psikolojik güçlendirme ve amirin algılanan sosyal kaytarma algısı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmada yetki devrinin psikolojik güçlendirme ve sosyal kaytarma algısı üzerindeki etkisinde amirlerine duydukları güvenin rolü araştırılmıştır.Bu amaçla, Ankara'da faaliyet gösteren ve proje grupları halinde çalışan bir kamu kurumunda alan çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler anket kullanılarak toplanmış, toplam 300 anket dağıtılmış ve bunlardan 243 tanesi geri dönmüştür. Verilerin geri dönüş oranı %81'dir. Modelde, yer alan değişkenler arasındaki doğrusal ve düzenleyici etkilerin ölçülmesi amacıyla hiyerarşik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır.Yapılan analizler sonucunda, yetki devrinin psikolojik güçlendirme algısı ile olumlu ilişki içerisinde olduğu, amirin algılanan sosyal kaytarması ile bir ilişkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan amire duyulan güvenin yetki devri ile psikolojik güçlendirme algısı ve yetki devri ile algılanan sosyal kaytarma ilişkisinde düzenleyici bir etkiye sahip olmadığı ancak psikolojik güçlendirme algısı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye, algılanan sosyal kaytarma üzerinde ise olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.Özetle, bu çalışma çalışanların, yetki devrini sosyal kaytarma olarak algılayıp algılamadıklarını ve amirin davranışlarını değerlendirirken amire duyulan güvenin etkisinin belirlenmesi açısından literatüre katkıda bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: yetki devri, psikolojik güçlendirme, sosyal kaytarma, güven In this study, the effects of delegation of authority on psychological empowerment and perception of social loafing by the supervisor are examined based on the view that delegation of authority used as a managerial tool by the managers can be evaluated by employees as an empowerment method as well as a social loafing behavior. In addition, the effect of employees? trust in their managers on these relationships were examined.For this purpose, a field study was conducted on employees working in project groups in a public organization in Ankara. The data was collected via a questionnaire, 300 questionnaires were given to employees and 243 of them were returned by the employees. The respond rate was 81%. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed in order to measure the direct and moderative effects among the existing variables.As a result of the analyses performed, it was determined that delegation of authority had a positive relationship with the perception of psychological empowerment and had no relationship with the manager?s perceived social loafing. On the other hand, trust to the manager had no moderating effect on the relationship between delegation of authority and psychological empowerment and on the relationship between delegation of authority and perceived social loafing. However, trust to the manager had a positive effect on the perception of psychological empowerment and negative effect on manager?s perceived social loafing.To summarize, this study has contributed to the literature on the basis of determining whether the employees perceive delegation of authority as social loafing and also determining the effects of trust in the manager while evaluating the behavior of him or her.Key Words: delegation of authority, psychological empowerment, social loafing, trust. 128

Our aim in this paper is to investigate the local stability of the positive solutions of the difference equationyn+1= [(α-yn)/ (βyn-1)] −[(γ-yn-1)/ βyn ], n=0,1,2,...,where the initial conditions y−1 , y0 are arbitrary positive real numbers such that yn ≠ 0 for n= −1,0,1,..., , α, β, γ ε (0,∞) and α > γ. Furthermore we investigate the periodic nature of the mentioned difference equation.Key Words: Difference Equations, Local Stability, Period-two Solutions.&nbsp

A prospective study with a new tumour-seeking agent, 99Tcm-glutathione (GSH), was performed on 17 patients with choroidal melanoma. Planar and SPECT images using 99Tcm-GSH clearly demonstrated melanotic melanoma but failed to show amelonotic melanomas. Following confirmation of our results by concurrent ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, patients were managed by either 125I plaque brachytherapy, diode laser transpupillary thermotherapy or enucleation depending on the site and location. In combination with other diagnostic tests, 99Tcm-GSH scintigraphy may play a role in the detection of uveal melanoma and its possible distant metastases.