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SUMMARY: Long limb bones and fragmentary portions, such as the humerus, are commonly used and examined in forensic and archaeological investigations. This study aimed to estimate the maximum length of the humerus from the measurements of its segments’ lengths in our population. The right and left humeri of 100 dry bones from unknown sexes were included in the study. A total of 28 different segments were obtained from 8 different anatomical landmarks named H0, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, and H7. The length of each segment was compared with the maximum length of the humerus (MHL). An independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and linear and multiple regression analyses were performed and statistical significance was assigned to p values 0.05). All of the humerus segments indicated a high correlation when compared with the maximum humerus length (p < 0.05). The H2-3 segment showed a weak correlation with MHL r = 0.173 (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that the linear and multiple regression equations can be used to estimate the humerus length from its segments’ lengths.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to emphasize the clinical importance of morphometry and the surgical parameters of the cervical vertebrae. The present study was carried out on ninety six adult dry cervical vertebrae (C3-C7, 96) of unknown gender of Turkish population. The various dimensions of the cervical vertebrae (from C3 to C7) were measured with using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm. Linear parameters including vertebral body anteroposterior width (14.03 mm), vertebral body transverse width (24.45 mm); vertebral body height (10.64 mm); pedicle length (R:5.65±1.91 mm, L:5.65±1.76 mm); pedicle width (R:3.72 mm, L:3.61 mm); lamina height (R:9.87 mm, L:9.86 mm); lamina transverse length (R:13.41 mm, L:13.49 mm); superior articular process anteroposterior width (R:7.26 mm, L:7.46 mm); superior articular process transverse diameter (R: 9.87 mm, L:9.58 mm); superior articular process height (R:16.41 mm, L:16.08 mm); inferior articular process anteroposterior width (R: 7.67 mm, L:7.44 mm); inferior articular process transverse diameter (R: 10.32 mm, L:10.09 mm); inferior articular process height (R:12.72 mm, L:12.67 mm); spinous process length (17.91 mm); uncinate process width (R:4.37 mm, L:3.78 mm); uncinate process height (R:4.58 mm, L:3.93 mm); uncinate process length (R:9.28 mm, L:9.12 mm); vertebral foramen anteroposterior width (13.85 mm); vertebral foramen transverse diameter (20.88 mm); foramen transversarium anteroposterior width (R:4.23 mm, L:4.28 mm); foramen transversarium transverse diameter (R:4.78 mm, L:4.95 mm) were measured. Additionally, the distance of the apex of the uncinate process to foramen transversarium (R:2.91 mm, L:2.70 mm), and the distance of the apex of the uncinate process to intervertebral foramen (R: 5.77 mm, L:5.66 mm) were also calculated. There were found significant differences between two sides in the uncinate process width and height, and distance between uncinate process and foramen transversarium. Present measurements suggest that parameters relevant cervical vertebrae can be used as reference and anatomical landmark for evaluating pathologic changes and minimizing complications in the cervical spine. RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue enfatizar la importancia clínica de la morfometría y los parámetros quirúrgicos de las vértebras cervicales. El presente estudio se realizó en noventa y seis vértebras cervicales secas adultas (C3-C7) de sexo desconocido de la población turca. Las diversas dimensiones de las vértebras cervicales (C3 a C7) se midieron utilizando un calibrador digital con una precisión de 0,01 mm. Se determinaron parámetros lineales incluyendo ancho anteroposterior del cuerpo vertebral (14,03 mm), ancho transversal del cuerpo vertebral (24,45 mm); altura del cuerpo vertebral (10,64 mm); longitud del pedículo (R: 5.65 ± 1,91 mm, L: 5.65 ± 1,76 mm); ancho del pedículo (R: 3,72 mm, L: 3,61 mm); altura de la lámina (R: 9,87 mm, L: 9,86 mm); longitud transversal de la lámina (R: 13,41 mm, L: 13,49 mm); Diámetro anteroposterior del proceso articular superior (R: 7,26 mm, L: 7,46 mm); Diámetro transversal del proceso articular superior (R: 9,87 mm, L: 9,58 mm); Altura articular superior del proceso (R: 16,41 mm, L: 16,08 mm); Diámetro anteroposterior del proceso articular inferior (R: 7,67 mm, L: 7,44 mm); Diámetro transversal del proceso articular inferior (R: 10,32 mm, L: 10,09 mm); Altura del proceso articular inferior (R: 12,72 mm, L: 12,67 mm); longitud del proceso espinoso (17,91 mm); ancho del proceso uncinado (R: 4,37 mm, L: 3,78 mm); altura de proceso uncinado (R: 4,58 mm, L: 3,93 mm); longitud del proceso uncinado (R: 9,28 mm, L: 9,12 mm); Ancho anteroposterior del foramen vertebral (13,85 mm); Diámetro transverso del foramen vertebral (20,88 mm); Ancho anteroposterior del foramen transverso (R: 4,23 mm, L: 4,28 mm); Diámetro transverso del foramen transverso (R: 4,78 mm, L: 4,95 mm). Además, la distancia del vértice del proceso uncinado al foramen transverso (R: 2,91 mm, L: 2,70 mm) y la distancia del vértice del proceso uncinado al foramen intervertebral (R: 5,77 mm, L: 5,66 mm) Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos lados, en el ancho y la altura del proceso uncinado, y la distancia entre el proceso uncinado y el foramen transverso. Las mediciones actuales sugieren que los parámetros relevantes de las vértebras cervicales se pueden usar como referencia y punto de referencia anatómicos para evaluar los cambios patológicos y minimizar las complicaciones en la columna cervical.

Amaç: Buçalışmanın amacı sağlıklı yetişkin Türk kadınlarında üst ekstremitesegmentlerinin ölçümleri ve boy uzunluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek ve Türkkadınlarına ait üst ekstremite bölümlerinden boy uzunluğu tahmini içinregresyon denklemi oluşturmaktı.Yöntem: Çalışmagrubu ortalama yaşı 31.91±7.00 yıl olan 130 kadından oluşmuştur. Çalışmagrubunu oluşturan kadınlardan dominant ve dominant olmayan taraftan üstekstremite ölçümleri alındı. Ayrıca, analizler için SSPS 21.0 paket programıkullanıldı. Kolmogorov-Smirnov testsonucuna göre parametrik veya non-parametrik test uygulandı. Ayrıca, Ki-karetesti ve Spearman Pearson Korelasyon analizi yapıldı. Anlamlılık için p, Objectives: Thisstudy’s aim was to determine the relationship between stature and measurementsof the upper extremity segments in healthy adult females and obtain regressionequations for prediction of stature from upper extremity dimensions in Turkishfemales.Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 130females mean aged 31.91±7.00 years. Dominant and non dominant upper extremitymeasurements were obtained from all subjects. Additionally, SPSS version 21software package program was used for all analysis. A parametric test ornon-parametric test was applied according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov testresults. Moreover, the Chi square test and Spearman Pearson Correlationanalysis were used. Significance was set at p

SUMMARY: Carrying angle, or cubital angle defined as the acute angle formed by the median axis of the arm when forearm is in fully extended and supinated position. This angle changes with skelatal growth and maturity. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of carrying angle with bi-acromial diameter and bi-acromial diameter/bi-trochanteric diameter in our healthy young adult population. This was a cross-sectional study that included 400 (204 male, 196 female) young adult students selected from Çukurova University aged between 18-25 years (mean±standard deviation of females: 20.11±2.05 years; mean±standard deviation of males: 20.45±1.82 years) which originated from different cities in Turkey. After recording demographic data, carrying angle, forearm length, arm length, bi-trochanteric diameter and bi-acromial diameter were measured by using nonelastic tape measure, pelvimeter and manuel goniometer. In addition, body mass index and bi-acromial diameter/bi-trochanteric diameter were calculated for each participants. The mean values of body height and weight were in following respectively for both genders: 178.53±6.40 cm (male), 163.88±5.73 cm (female); 74.89±10.81 kg (male), 57.56±8.61 kg (female). Whereas on dominant arm this angle was as in males 9.77°±2.82° and 13.94°±3.97° in females. The mean value of the carrying angle on nondominant arm in males was 9.85°±2.95° and 14.03°±4.08° in females. The mean carrying angle was 9.81°±2.82° in males and 13.99°±3.97° in females. There are linear relationship between the carrying angle and height (r=-0.474, p

SUMMARY: The aim of this study were to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D finger length ratios (the ratio of the second finger length to the fourth finger length) of students from verbal and quantitative weighted fields, and to determine the correlation of these ratios with some anthropometric measurements. For this purpose; hand length, hand width, lengths of second and fourth finger and waist, hip and neck circumferences were taken from totally 398 (199 female, 199 male) students aged 17-25 years by using millimetric callipers and non-elastic standard measuring tape. Demographic data were also taken. Moreover, Body Mass Index (BMI) and 2D:4D finger length ratios of the study group were also calculated. When we investigated the 2D:4D ratios for right, left and dominant hands among verbal and quantitative talented individuals in female students, there were statistically significant differences for right and dominant hand (p=0.032; p=0.042, respectively). On the other hand, there was no difference for left hand in female participants (p>0.05). Furthermore, there were positive correlations with 2D:4D and weight (r=0.38, p 0.05). Además, hubo correlaciones positivas con 2D:4D y peso (r = 0,38, p

The current study was undertaken to determine normal spleen dimensions and anthropometric evaluation by ultrasonography from females and males in our population. These measurements were taken using an ultrasonography. The mean values of the age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of subjects, spleen width (SW), spleen length (SL), spleen thickness (ST) and spleen volume calculated with elipsoid formula; length x width x thickness x 0.524 were taken. These measurements were found to be 36.37±10.83 years, 164.22±4.72 cm, 60.26±7.11 kg, 22.30±2.09 kg/m2, 7.58±1.56 cm, 9.87±1.28 cm, 3.34±0.79 cm and 136.05±61.14 cm3 in females respectively. Additionally, in males same dimensions were 40.50±12.77 years, 174.41±6.57 cm, 76.33±8.54 kg, 25.06±2.10 kg/m2, 8.75±1.84 cm, 11.01±1.186 cm, 4.12±1.09 cm and 220.70±115.35 cm3 respectively. The observations presented in this report have defined anatomic parameters about spleen size that need to be taken into consideration for reference data to determine population discrepancies and helpful for radiologists and clinicians. El objetivo fue determinar las dimensiones normales del bazo y realizar una evaluación antropométrica mediante ecografía en mujeres y hombres turcos. Fueron calculados los valores medios de edad, altura, peso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), ancho del bazo (AB), longitud del bazo (LB) y grosor del bazo (GB), junto al volumen del bazo mediante la fórmula elipsoide (largo x ancho x grosor x 0,524). Las mujeres presentaron una edad de 36,37±10,83 años, altura de 164,22±4,72 cm, peso de 60,26±7,11 kg, IMC de 22,30±2,09 kg/m2, AB de 7,58±1,56 cm, LB de 9,87±1,28 cm, GB de 3,34±0,79 cm y volumen del bazo de 136,05±61,14 cm3. Los hombres presentaron una edad de 40,50±12,77 años, altura de 174,41±6,57 cm, peso de 76,33±8,54 kg, IMC de 25,06±2,10 kg/m2, AB de 8,75±1,84 cm, LB de 11,01±1,186 cm, GB de 4,12±1,09 cm y volumen del bazo de 220,70±115,35 cm3. Nuestras observaciones han definido parámetros anatómicos sobre el tamaño del bazo, los cuales deben ser considerados como datos de referencia para determinar las discrepancias en la población, de utilidad para radiólogos y clínicos.

It has been estimated that between 2% to 28% of the general adult population has radiographic evidence of elongated styloid process. In adults, the mean radiographic lenght of the styloid process is 20 to 30 mm and its tip is located between the external and internal carotid arteries, just lateral to the tonsillar fossa. Eagle's syndrome occurs when an elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament causes recurrent throat pain or foreign body sensation, dysphagia, or facial pain. It may develop inflammatory changes or impinge on the adjacent arteries or sensory nerve endings, leading to the symptoms described. To study the incidence of elongated styloid process, panoramic radiographs of 100 male and 100 female patients who were over 50 years of age and were to have maxillary and mandibular total prostheses made were examined in a dental unit, Adana Numune Hospital (Turkey). In these radiographs, the comparison of the frequency of elongated styloid process and/or ossification of stylohyoid ligament which are longer than 30 mm were included in evaluation. The elongation of the styloid process and/or ossification of stylohyoid ligament was found in 8 patients (4%): 3 females (37% of the cases), 5 males (63% of the cases). There was no statistical difference between the two sexes.