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6. Performing sentiment analysis to trace the history of identity and belonging in ancient Greek literature.

Author

Bozia, Eleni, Stein, Austin, Bowman, Wavid, Gjineci, Annie, Vilela, Gillian, Hracho, Zachary, Prasad, Rohan, Owji, Neema, Saririan, Niloufar, Burrowes, Aidan, Jain, Aarushi, and Stevens, Nitaicandra

Subjects
*NATURAL language processing, *GREEK literature, *ANCIENT literature, *SENTIMENT analysis, *GRAMMATICAL gender
Abstract

This paper presents a Natural Language Processing approach for the in-depth study of ancient Greek literature. Specifically, our project mines the largest data collection of ancient Greek literature to extract descriptive words and their contextual collocations. We then present the Python libraries developed to perform sentiment analysis with a focus on words about gender, race, religion, ethnicity, and other distinguishable characteristics and how they were used by Greek authors. Finally, we showcase some initial findings as a proof of concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. To Know Thyself Through the Other: The Literary Convergences of Lucian and Justin.

Author

Bozia, Eleni

Subjects
*ORATORS, *CHRISTIANITY, *COMPARATIVE studies, *MARTYRDOM, *PAGANISM
Abstract

The paper engages in a comparative analysis of two prominent figures from the 2d century CE—Lucian of Samosata and Justin the Martyr. Lucian, the epideictic orator and social commentator, reintroduces the Olympians while rethinking paganism and engaging with Justin and the Apologists. Conversely, Justin, embodying the Christian pepaideumenos, places the new religion at the literary forefront and questions the stereotype of Christian simplicity. The paper argues that, in the context of reformative, paideutic Imperial culture, Lucian and Justin challenge the literary and religious status quo and engage the readers in a reconsideration of Christianity through the lens of the Second Sophistic and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Interactive 3D Digitization, Retrieval, and Analysis of Ancient Sculptures, Using Infrared Depth Sensors for Mobile Devices

Author

Barmpoutis, Angelos, Bozia, Eleni, Fortuna, Daniele, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Antona, Margherita, editor, and Stephanidis, Constantine, editor

Published
2015
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11. Redefining the Standards in Attic, Koine, and Atticism

Author

Bozia, Eleni, Machado, Robert, and Monaco, Chiara

Subjects
Ancient Greek, Aristophanes, Attic, Atticism, Koine, Lucian, Maccabees, Menander, New Testament, Papyrology, Xenophon, language norms, linguistics, standards, thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFZ Sign languages, Braille and other linguistic communication
Abstract

Scholarship surrounding the standard varieties of Ancient Greek (Attic, the Koine, and Atticistic Greek) focused from its beginnings until relatively recently on determining fixed uniformities or differences between them. This collection of essays advocates for understanding them as interconnected and continuously evolving and suggests viewing them as living organisms shaped by their speakers and texts. The authors propose approaches that integrate linguistics, sociolinguistics, and literary studies to explore how speakers navigate linguistic norms and social dynamics, leading to innovations and reshaping of standards. Each contribution challenges the dichotomy between standards and deviations, suggesting that studying linguistic diversity through socio-literary interconnectedness can enrich our understanding of language history and cultural wealth.

Published
2024
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13. What a second-century Roman citizen, Lucian, can teach us about diversity and acceptance

Author

Bozia, Eleni

Subjects
Imperialism -- Study and teaching, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Eds: This story was supplied by https://theconversation.com for AP customers. The Associated Press does not guarantee the content. https://theconversation.com/profiles/eleni-bozia-1398390, https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-florida-1392 (THE CONVERSATION) People who don’t fit the dominant demographic of [...]

Published
2023

14. Second-Century CE Lexicography: Genre or a Literary Current of Language, Politics, and Social Dynamics?

Author

Bozia, Eleni

Subjects
LITERARY form, STANDARD language, SOCIAL dynamics, LEXICOGRAPHY, IDENTITY (Psychology)
Abstract

This paper discusses Greek and Latin lexicography and its literary and socio-cultural manifestations during the second century CE. I argue that Imperial lexicography had an actualized social existence that went beyond the recording of lemmata. More specifically, I maintain that lexicographers used their works not only as technical records and manuals but to legitimize (or not) linguistic forms alongside social phenomena. Additionally, other authors of the High Empire modulated the essence of linguistic idiosyncrasies and incorporated them into literary genres beyond lexica; they thus considered issues of identity and belonging against the backdrop of lexical propriety. This contribution closely studies Moeris and Phrynichus as well as Lucian and Aulus Gellius to show how lexicography transcended literary genre to become a modus dicendi vivendique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Atticism: The Language of 5th-century Oratory or a Quantifiable Stylistic Phenomenon?

Author

Bozia Eleni

Subjects
Attic oratory, computational linguistics, treebanks, node-based metrics, Principal Component Analysis, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

This paper comparatively explores Atticism as it first appeared in fifth-century Greek oratory and was later revived by Imperial Greek authors. Using Dionysius’ of Halicarnassus and his appreciations of oratory and orators as a frame of reference and then expanding his inferences on works of Imperial era, I attempt to parameterize Atticism as a phenomenon. Ultimately this study will apprise us of the usage of Atticism in Imperial Roman oratory as well, as it then becomes obvious that Atticism has transcended the boundaries of language and has transformed into a constructional rhetorical system. This paper employs a unified node-based metric formulation for implementing various syntactical construction metrics, indicative of the syntactical attributes of the sentences. The developed metrics were applied to annotated texts of six authors, which were then comparatively examined using Principal Component Analysis.

Published
2016
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21. Ektypa and 3D models of Ektypa: the reality(ies) of a digital object

Author

Bozia, Eleni

Abstract

This book was funded by the EU 7th Framework Programme (7FP), DIGIFACT 625637 Project (http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/187953_ en.html) and ADS3DV 625636 Project (http://cordis.europa.eu/project/ rcn/187952_en.html). The book will be Open Access, thanks to FP7 post-grant Open Access (https://www.openaire.eu/postgrantoapilot).

Published
2018
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22. Eclectic mimēsisin Imperial Greek oratory: Topological metrics for syntactical quantification using wavelets

Author

Bozia, Eleni

Abstract

This article presents a novel method to determine particular syntactical attributes of Ancient Greek oratory to quantitatively compare the orators of the Classical to those of the Imperial era based on their style of writing. The study first provides a philological overview of Classical Atticism and its Imperial counterpart and argues that the latter is the product of creative mimēsisand not a mere reproduction of archetypes. Then the article briefly explains a node-based metric method that was developed to quantify the morphology of a syntactically annotated Treebank that led to a more thorough weighting scheme using Haar Wavelets. Wavelets were then used to capture both the linear topology of a sentence and the tree network topology of the corresponding syntactical tree. The results were subsequently processed using principal component analysis to analyze and visualize the data. The method is demonstrated using a database of syntactically annotated sentences from six Attic orators.

Published
2021
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23. Depth map of the Rosetta Stone

Author

Universität Leipzig, Amin, Miriam, Barmpoutis, Angelos, Berti, Monica, Bozia, Eleni, Hensel, Josephine, Naether, Franziska, Universität Leipzig, Amin, Miriam, Barmpoutis, Angelos, Berti, Monica, Bozia, Eleni, Hensel, Josephine, and Naether, Franziska

Abstract

The Digital Rosetta Stone is a project developed at Leipzig University by the Chair of Digital Humanities and the Egyptological Institute/Egyptian Museum Georg Steindorff in collaboration with the British Museum and the Digital Epigraphy and Archaeology Project of the University of Florida. The aims of the project are to produce a collaborative digital edition of the Rosetta Stone, address standardization and customization issues for the scholarly community, create data that can be used by students to understand the document in terms of language and content, and produce a high-resolution 3D model of the inscription. The three versions of the text were transcribed and outputted in XML, according to the EpiDoc guidelines. Next, the versions were aligned with the Ugarit iAligner tool that supports the alignment of ancient texts with modern languages, such as English and German. All three texts were then parsed syntactically and morphologically through Treebank annotation. Finally, the project explored new 3D-digitization methodologies of the Rosetta Stone in the British Museum that enhances traditional archaeological methods and facilitates the study of the artifact. The results of this work were used in different courses in Digital Humanities, Digital Philology, and Egyptology.

Published
2018

24. Depth map of the Rosetta Stone

Author

Amin, Miriam, Barmpoutis, Angelos, Berti, Monica, Bozia, Eleni, Hensel, Josephine, Naether, Franziska, Amin, Miriam, Barmpoutis, Angelos, Berti, Monica, Bozia, Eleni, Hensel, Josephine, and Naether, Franziska

Abstract

The Digital Rosetta Stone is a project developed at Leipzig University by the Chair of Digital Humanities and the Egyptological Institute/Egyptian Museum Georg Steindorff in collaboration with the British Museum and the Digital Epigraphy and Archaeology Project of the University of Florida. The aims of the project are to produce a collaborative digital edition of the Rosetta Stone, address standardization and customization issues for the scholarly community, create data that can be used by students to understand the document in terms of language and content, and produce a high-resolution 3D model of the inscription. The three versions of the text were transcribed and outputted in XML, according to the EpiDoc guidelines. Next, the versions were aligned with the Ugarit iAligner tool that supports the alignment of ancient texts with modern languages, such as English and German. All three texts were then parsed syntactically and morphologically through Treebank annotation. Finally, the project explored new 3D-digitization methodologies of the Rosetta Stone in the British Museum that enhances traditional archaeological methods and facilitates the study of the artifact. The results of this work were used in different courses in Digital Humanities, Digital Philology, and Egyptology.

Published
2018

25. Measuring Greekness: A novel computational methodology to analyze syntactical constructions and quantify the stylistic phenomenon of Attic oratory

Author

Bozia, Eleni, Crane, Gregory, Smith, Neel, and Universität Leipzig

Subjects
ddc:000, Atticism, Hellenism, Treebanking, Computational Linguistics, Stylometry
Abstract

This study is the result of a compilation and interpretation of data that derive from Classical studies, but are studied and analyzed using computational linguistics, Treebank annotation, and the development and post-processing of metrics. More specifically, the purpose of this work is to employ computational methods so as to analyze a particular form of Ancient Greek language that is Attic Greek, “measure” its attributes, and explore the socio-political connotations that its usage had in the era of the High Roman Empire. During the first centuries CE, the landscape of the Roman Empire is polyvalent. It consists of native Romans who can be fluent in Latin and Greek, Greeks who are Roman citizens, other easterners who are potentially trilingual and have also assumed Roman citizenship, and even Christians, who identify themselves as Roman citizens but with a different religious identity. It comes as no surprise that language is politicized, and identity, both individual and civic, is constantly reshaped through it. The question I attempt to answer is whether we can quantify Greekness of native and bilingual speakers based on an analytic computational study of Attic dialect. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of the three aforementioned scholarly fields, which were pertinent for the study. I present the precepts of computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, and digital humanities so as to further explicate what prompts this work and how the confluence of three methodologies significantly enhances our apprehension of the issue at hand. In Chapter 2, I approach Greekness, Latinity, and Atticism through the writings of Greek and Roman grammarians and lexicographers and provide the complete list of all the occurrences of the aforementioned notions. Chapters 3 and 4 explicate further the reasoning behind the usage of the Perseids framework and the Prague annotation system. They then proceed to relate the metrics developed, the computational methods, and their subsequent visualization to quantify and objectify the previously purely theoretical inferences. The metric system was developed after careful consideration of the stylistic attributes of Ancient Greek. Therefore, each metric “measures” something pertinent in the formation of the language. The visualizations then afford us a more understandable and interpretable format of the numerical results. For philologists, it is interesting to view the graphic presentation of humanistic ideas, and for the computer scientists the applicability of their methods on a topic that is predominantly philological and social. Finally, chapter 5 recontextualizes the numerical results and their interpretations, as were acquired in chapters 3 and 4, and thus sets the parameters necessary to discuss them in conjunction with readings of literary texts of the period of the High Empire. My intention is to show how numbers are “translated” into a different “language,” the language of the humanist.:Acknowledgments Page 6 Chapter 1: Introduction Page 7 1.1 Focus of the Study Page 7 1.2 Classical Studies and Digital Humanities Page 9 1.3 Corpus Linguistics Page 13 1.4 Humanities Corpus and Corpus Linguistics Page 15 1.5 Synopsis of the Project Page 17 Chapter 2: Linguistic Purity as Ethnic and Educational Marker, or Greek and Roman Grammarians on Greek and Latin. Page 22 2.1 Introduction Page 22 2.2 Grammatical and Lexicographic Definitions Page 23 2.2.1 Greek and Latin languages Page 23 2.2.2 Grammatici Graeci Page 29 2.2.3 Grammatici Latini. Page 32 2.3 Greek and Attic in Greek Lexicographers Page 48 2.4 Conclusion Page 57 Chapter 3: Attic Oratory and its Imperial Revival: Quantifying Theory and Practice Page 58 3.1 Introduction Page 58 3.2 Atticism: Definition and Redefinitions Page 59 3.3 Significance of Enhanced Linguistic and Computational Analysis of Atticism Page 65 3.3.1 The Perseids Project, the Prague Mark-up Language, and Dependency Grammar Page 67 3.4 Evaluating Atticism Page 70 3.4.1 Dionysius’s of Halicarnassus Theoretical Framework Page 73 3.5 Methods: Computational Quantification of Rhetorical Styles Page 82 3.5.1 The Perseids 1.5 ALDT Schema Page 84 3.5.2 Node-based Sentence Metrics Page 93 3.5.3 Computer Implementation Page 104 3.6 Conclusion Page 108 Chapter 4: Experimental results, Analysis, and Topological Haar Wavelets Page 110 4.1 Introduction Page 110 4.2 Experimental Results Page 111 4.3 Data Visualization Page 117 4. 4 Topological Metric Wavelets for Syntactical Quantification Page 153 4.4.1 Wavelets Page 154 4.4.2 Topological Metrics using Wavelets Page 155 4.4.3 Experimental Results Page 157 4.5 Conclusion Page 162 Chapter 5: «Γαλάτης ὢν ἑλληνίζειν»: Greekness, Latinity, and Otherness in the World of the High Empire. Page 163 5.1 Introduction Page 163 5.2 The Multiethnical Constituents of an Imperial Citizen: Anacharsis, Favorinus, and Dionysius’s of Halicarnassus Ethnography. Page 165 5.3 Conclusion Page 185 Chapter 6: Conclusion Page 187 References Page 190 Appendix Page 203 Curriculum Vitae Page 212 Dissertation related Publications Page 225 Selbständigkeitserklärung Page 226

Published
2017

27. Measuring Greekness: A novel computational methodology to analyze syntactical constructions and quantify the stylistic phenomenon of Attic oratory

Author

Crane, Gregory, Smith, Neel, Universität Leipzig, Bozia, Eleni, Crane, Gregory, Smith, Neel, Universität Leipzig, and Bozia, Eleni

Abstract

This study is the result of a compilation and interpretation of data that derive from Classical studies, but are studied and analyzed using computational linguistics, Treebank annotation, and the development and post-processing of metrics. More specifically, the purpose of this work is to employ computational methods so as to analyze a particular form of Ancient Greek language that is Attic Greek, “measure” its attributes, and explore the socio-political connotations that its usage had in the era of the High Roman Empire. During the first centuries CE, the landscape of the Roman Empire is polyvalent. It consists of native Romans who can be fluent in Latin and Greek, Greeks who are Roman citizens, other easterners who are potentially trilingual and have also assumed Roman citizenship, and even Christians, who identify themselves as Roman citizens but with a different religious identity. It comes as no surprise that language is politicized, and identity, both individual and civic, is constantly reshaped through it. The question I attempt to answer is whether we can quantify Greekness of native and bilingual speakers based on an analytic computational study of Attic dialect. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of the three aforementioned scholarly fields, which were pertinent for the study. I present the precepts of computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, and digital humanities so as to further explicate what prompts this work and how the confluence of three methodologies significantly enhances our apprehension of the issue at hand. In Chapter 2, I approach Greekness, Latinity, and Atticism through the writings of Greek and Roman grammarians and lexicographers and provide the complete list of all the occurrences of the aforementioned notions. Chapters 3 and 4 explicate further the reasoning behind the usage of the Perseids framework and the Prague annotation system. They then proceed to relate the metrics developed, the computational methods, and their subsequent vi

Published
2017

28. Measuring Greekness: A novel computational methodology to analyze syntactical constructions and quantify the stylistic phenomenon of Attic oratory

Author

Smith, Neel, Universität Leipzig, Bozia, Eleni, Smith, Neel, Universität Leipzig, and Bozia, Eleni

Abstract

This study is the result of a compilation and interpretation of data that derive from Classical studies, but are studied and analyzed using computational linguistics, Treebank annotation, and the development and post-processing of metrics. More specifically, the purpose of this work is to employ computational methods so as to analyze a particular form of Ancient Greek language that is Attic Greek, “measure” its attributes, and explore the socio-political connotations that its usage had in the era of the High Roman Empire. During the first centuries CE, the landscape of the Roman Empire is polyvalent. It consists of native Romans who can be fluent in Latin and Greek, Greeks who are Roman citizens, other easterners who are potentially trilingual and have also assumed Roman citizenship, and even Christians, who identify themselves as Roman citizens but with a different religious identity. It comes as no surprise that language is politicized, and identity, both individual and civic, is constantly reshaped through it. The question I attempt to answer is whether we can quantify Greekness of native and bilingual speakers based on an analytic computational study of Attic dialect. Chapter 1 provides a discussion of the three aforementioned scholarly fields, which were pertinent for the study. I present the precepts of computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, and digital humanities so as to further explicate what prompts this work and how the confluence of three methodologies significantly enhances our apprehension of the issue at hand. In Chapter 2, I approach Greekness, Latinity, and Atticism through the writings of Greek and Roman grammarians and lexicographers and provide the complete list of all the occurrences of the aforementioned notions. Chapters 3 and 4 explicate further the reasoning behind the usage of the Perseids framework and the Prague annotation system. They then proceed to relate the metrics developed, the computational methods, and their subsequent vi

Published
2017

29. Panel. Assessing the Role of Digital Libraries of Squeezes in Epigraphic Studies: Digitization, Visualization, and Metadata

Author

Levivier, Adeline, Bozia, Eleni, Barmpoutis, Angelos, Ramírez Sánchez, Manuel, Suárez-Rivero, Jose-Pablo, Histoire et Sources des Mondes antiques (HiSoMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École française d'Athènes (EfA), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), EUROPEANA - EAGLE PROJECT, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Levivier, Adeline

Subjects
Squeeze, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Greek Epigraphy, [SHS.CLASS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, Digital Epigraphy, [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, 3D
Abstract

International audience; This panel discussed issues and research questions regarding the use and efficiency of digital libraries of squeezes of inscriptions—structure of online libraries, nature of the metadata, 3D digitization, and visualization methods. The panel that consisted of epigraphists, digital epigraphists, and computer engineers engaged in a dialogue, addressing the above issues from different perspectives.

Published
2016

33. Reviving Classical Drama: virtual reality and experiential learning in a traditional classroom.

Author

Bozia, Eleni

Subjects
CLASSICAL drama, VIRTUAL reality, EXPERIENTIAL learning, SELF-contained classrooms, ARCHAEOLOGICAL research
Abstract

Over the past decades the advancement of technology and its subsequent introduction to the humanities has led to the development of several applications that enhance study and research in areas such as Classics, archaeology, epigraphy, and linguistics. The focus of digital humanists and other humanities scholars has turned to the efficient storage of information that facilitates search, comparative studies, accessibility, and consequently research. The common point of reference for the aforementioned applications is that they do not involve the need for the scholar to "physically" be in a virtual space. In areas, such as archaeology and epigraphy, the creation of projects that provide access to 3D models of the artifacts as well as to virtual replications of ancient sites has resulted in the opening of new areas of research and reconsideration of traditional research issues. Also, [Forte et al. 1997] argue that digital visualizations may make the ancient world more accessible to a larger audience. One may comprehend the structure of a vase and analyze its artistic patterns by zooming and relighting it. A problem that is yet to be considered, though, is how a scholar and a student are to perceive Classical drama, the theatrical space, the distances between the actors, the chorus, and the audience, the logistics of the performance, and the cultural aspects at play. This paper discusses the importance of experiential learning and the use of virtual reality as a means of promoting traditional edification methods, virtually recreating the actuality of the stage, and presents the Magic Mirror Theater, a web application designed to facilitate the study of Classical drama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

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