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132 results on '"Boyle, M. J."'

2. The prevention and management of reprisal violence in post-conflict states

Author

Boyle, M. J.

Subjects
364
Abstract

The objectives of this dissertation are: (1) to propose a heuristic distinction between expressive revenge violence and its strategic variant, termed reprisal violence; (2) to test this distinction through a within-case analysis of five regions of Kosovo during the period 1999-2001; and (3) to determine how the deterrent posture of law enforcement authorities, including UN-led peacekeepers and civilian police, affected the incidence and magnitude of reprisal attacks. First, this study defines ideal types of ‘revenge’ and ‘reprisal,’ identifies the empirical implications of each and proposes a dual-level causal model - comprised of both structural variables and causal mechanisms - to explain variation in the incidence and magnitude of both types of attacks. Second, using unpublished crime statistics collected by the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), it tests four alternative hypotheses to explain the regional variations in violent crime in Kosovo, particularly attacks against targeted groups such as the Serbs and Roma. Finding that a significant amount of the regional variation can be explained as reprisal violence, it evaluates the causal impact of two variables - the concentration of targeted groups and the extent of wartime damage - on reprisal attacks. Turning to the relational approach to collective violence, this study strengthens these findings by locating evidence of the causal mechanisms behind reprisal violence in the qualitative data on interethnic violent crime. Finally, this study analyzes the law enforcement posture of peacekeepers and police forces in Kosovo and catalogues the political, operational and strategic obstacles that they encountered. It finds that none of the law enforcement organizations anticipated the scale of the reprisal attacks or had the capacity to deter them. It concludes that a failure to draw the conceptual distinction between revenge and reprisal violence critically undermined the effectiveness of the UN mission and imperiled the prospects of peace in Kosovo.

Published
2004

6. IgM in human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Author

Boyle, M. J., primary, Chan, J. A., additional, Handayuni, I., additional, Reiling, L., additional, Feng, G., additional, Hilton, A., additional, Kurtovic, L., additional, Oyong, D., additional, Piera, K. A., additional, Barber, B. E., additional, William, T., additional, Eisen, D. P., additional, Minigo, G., additional, Langer, C., additional, Drew, D. R., additional, de Labastida Rivera, F., additional, Amante, F. H., additional, Williams, T. N., additional, Kinyanjui, S., additional, Marsh, K., additional, Doolan, D. L., additional, Engwerda, C., additional, Fowkes, F. J. I., additional, Grigg, M. J., additional, Mueller, I., additional, McCarthy, J. S., additional, Anstey, N. M., additional, and Beeson, J. G., additional

Published
2019
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8. Demonstration of the feasibility of an integrated x ray laboratory for planetary exploration

Author

Franco, E. D, Kerner, J. A, Koppel, L. N, and Boyle, M. J

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

The identification of minerals and elemental compositions is an important component in the geological and exobiological exploration of the solar system. X ray diffraction and fluorescence are common techniques for obtaining these data. The feasibility of combining these analytical techniques in an integrated x ray laboratory compatible with the volume, mass, and power constraints imposed by many planetary missions was demonstrated. Breadboard level hardware was developed to cover the range of diffraction lines produced by minerals, clays, and amorphous; and to detect the x ray fluorescence emissions of elements from carbon through uranium. These breadboard modules were fabricated and used to demonstrate the ability to detect elements and minerals. Additional effort is required to establish the detection limits of the breadboard modules and to integrate diffraction and fluorescence techniques into a single unit. It was concluded that this integrated x ray laboratory capability will be a valuable tool in the geological and exobiological exploration of the solar system.

Published
1993

13. Accuracy of duplex versus angiography in patients undergoing carotid surgery

Author

Boyle, M J, Wolinski, A P, and Grimley, R P

Subjects
Carotid Artery Diseases, Radiography, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, Carotid Arteries, Letter, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Research Article
Abstract

The operative findings of 23 carotid arteries were compared with pre-operative duplex scans and angiography. Both duplex and angiography had a high degree of accuracy in detecting haemodynamically significant lesions of 50-99% (88 and 92%, respectively). Their accuracy, however, in correctly predicting the grade of stenosis was significantly lower; 30 and 48%, respectively (P < 0.001). They each exhibited an accuracy of 70% and 78%, respectively, in the detection of ulceration. Overall, both duplex and angiography displayed an accuracy of 87% in indicating the proper management course. The combination of both investigations increased this accuracy to 94.6%. In severely stenotic lesions, duplex to rule out occlusion was not reliable. On statistical analysis, there was no difference between duplex and angiography in predicting haemodynamically significant lesions of 50-99%, estimating the grade of stenosis, the detection of ulceration, or indicating the proper management course. In most situations, duplex alone equalled the accuracy of angiography in the pre-operative assessment of patients for carotid surgery. For stenotic lesions of > 90%, however, we recommend supplemental angiography to rule out occlusion.

Published
1995

14. Flow field characteristics and performance limitations of quasi-steady magnetoplasmadynamic accelerators

Author

Boyle, M. J, Clark, K. E, and Jahn, R. G

Subjects
Spacecraft Propulsion And Power
Abstract

Measurements of terminal voltage, exhaust velocity, current and potential distributions in a quasi-steady MPD arc operating over a range of currents from 3 to 25 kA countervene previous indications of basic limitations on MPD performance. Terminal voltage fluctuations, previously used as an indicator of a unique limiting value of the parameter current squared over mass flow, are shown to be related to cathode surface area rather than to interelectrode plasma phenomena. With improved electrodes and insulators, satisfactory arc operation at specific impulses somewhat beyond previously proposed limits has been demonstrated, and the significant thrust producing mechanisms in such arcs have been identified.

Published
1975

15. Acceleration processes in the quasi-steady magnetoplasmadynamic discharge

Author

Boyle, M. J

Subjects
Plasma Physics
Abstract

The flow field characteristics within the discharge chamber and exhaust of a quasi-steady magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arcjet were examined to clarify the nature of the plasma acceleration process. The observation of discharge characteristics unperturbed by insulator ablation and terminal voltage fluctuations, first requires the satisfaction of three criteria: the use of refractory insulator materials; a mass injection geometry tailored to provide propellant to both electrode regions of the discharge; and a cathode of sufficient surface area to permit nominal MPD arcjet operation for given combinations of arc current and total mass flow. The axial velocity profile and electromagnetic discharge structure were measured for an arcjet configuration which functions nominally at 15.3 kA and 6 g/sec argon mass flow. An empirical two-flow plasma acceleration model is advanced which delineates inner and outer flow regions and accounts for the observed velocity profile and calculated thrust of the accelerator.

Published
1974

19. Effects of insulator ablation on the operation of a quasi-steady MPD arc

Author

Boyle, M. J and Jahn, R. G

Subjects
Propulsion Systems
Abstract

Multimegawatt operation of quasi-steady MPD arcjets can involve serious ablation of the insulator surfaces within the arc discharge chamber. Various degrees of insulator ablation manifest themselves by significantly perturbing the voltage-current characteristics and the exhaust velocity profiles. Voltage-current characteristics for two different insulator materials, Plexiglas and boron nitride, are interpreted in terms of an empirical Ohm's law. Use of the refractory insulator material eliminates the ablation-dominated nature of the terminal voltage, but the exhaust stream is still disturbed by insulator material. An Alfven critical velocity model can be applied to this influence of insulator ablation on exhaust velocity. Appropriate changes in the propellant injection geometry eliminate this influence and result in arcjet operation which is independent of insulator material. A particular combination of propellant injection geometries reduces the terminal voltage for a given current and mass flow while maintaining insulator-independent operation, thus implying an improvement in the overall efficiency of the device.

Published
1973

32. Experience using the Quinton Permcath for haemodialysis in the Irish Republic.

Author

Boyle, M J, Gawley, W F, Hickey, D P, Drumm, J, Murphy, D M, Hanson, J S, and Glacken, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Quinton Permcath has been widely used for temporary vascular access in patients requiring haemodialysis. Placement under direct vision into the internal jugular vein minimizes the complication rate. This access modality is being used more and more for long-term access in the elderly and in patients where other access modalities are unavailable or have failed. METHODS: We reviewed the results of 50 central venous Permcaths inserted under direct vision in 61 patients, over a 4-year period. The overall survival and complication rates are estimated. A detailed description of the catheter insertion and removal is provided. RESULTS: Seventy-six per cent of patients were successfully managed using the Permcath for a median duration of 105 days. In addition, nine patients (18%) had catheters functioning without complications for over 1 year. Twenty-six (42.6%) catheters were removed for complications. Seven patients had a single and two had second catheter reinsertion during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The Quinton Permcath remains a reliable method for short-term vascular access. When other access modalities are unavailable, it may offer a valuable alternative for long-term haemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1997
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33. Monolobar Caroli's Disease.

Author

Boyle, M. J., Doyle, G. D., Path, F. R. C., and McNulty, J. G.

Subjects
LIVER diseases, PANCREATITIS, OBSTRUCTIVE jaundice, CHOLANGIOGRAPHY, BILE duct diseases
Abstract

Two cases of Caroli's disease confined to the left lobe of the liver are described. One patient is a 13-yr-old who presented with acute pancreatitis. The second patient presented with obstructive jaundice at age 60. In the latter case, the diagnosis was made by percutaneous transhepatic cbolangiography, in the former by post-operative T-tube cholangiography. The diseased bile ducts were not resected in either patient. Both remain well at 4 and 5.5 yr postoperatively. Monolobar involvement in Caroli's disease has been described previously in only 34 published cases, and these are reviewed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1989

39. A New NDE (Non-Destructive Evaluation) Capability for Thin-Shelled Structures.

Author

ADVANCED RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS CORP SUNNYVALE CA, Stanley,J. H., Chambers,J. L., Boyle,M. J., ADVANCED RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS CORP SUNNYVALE CA, Stanley,J. H., Chambers,J. L., and Boyle,M. J.

Abstract

A new imaging modality suited for thin-shelled structures was evaluated for feasibility during Phase I. The approach is based on well-established digital tomosynthesis principles and modern real-time digital radiography techniques. A series of component radiographs of a structure taken from many different angles are manipulated according to a restorative algorithm to recover a set of images of parallel surfaces within and concentric to the natural shape of the object. Consequently, the proposed instrument, which has been designated a Digital Tomograph (DT), is tailored for non-destructively evaluating structures which are fabricated in a laminar or multilayer fashion. A Phase II program to develop and demonstrate a pre-prototype scanner is proposed based on the Phase I cocneptual design. The preprototype DT system, with full imaging capabilities, although limited throughput capability, will be compatible with Phase III prototype commercialization. Additional keywords: Laminography, Digital radiography. (Author)

Published
1984

41. The interaction of 1.06 μm laser radiation with high Z disk targets

Author

Rosen, M. D., primary, Phillion, D. W., additional, Rupert, V. C., additional, Mead, W. C., additional, Kruer, William L., additional, Thomson, J. J., additional, Kornblum, H. N., additional, Slivinsky, V. W., additional, Caporaso, G. J., additional, Boyle, M. J., additional, and Tirsell, K. G., additional

Published
1979
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42. Laser Fusion Experiments at 4 TW

Author

Storm, E. K., primary, Ahlstrom, H. G., additional, Boyle, M. J., additional, Campbell, D. E., additional, Coleman, L. W., additional, Glaros, S. S., additional, Kornblum, H. N., additional, Lerche, R. A., additional, MacQuigg, D. R., additional, Phillion, D. W., additional, Rainer, F., additional, Rienecker, R., additional, Rupert, V. C., additional, Slivinsky, V. W., additional, Speck, D. R., additional, Swift, C. D., additional, and Tirsell, K. G., additional

Published
1978
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