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2. Trade routes across the Mediterranean: a Sr/Nd isotopic investigation on Roman colourless glass.

Author

Ganio, M., Boyen, S., Brems, D., Scott, R., Foy, D., Latruwe, K., Molin, G., Silvestri, A., Vanhaecke, F., and Degryse, P.

Subjects
TRADE routes, ISOTOPES, SHIPWRECKS, RAW materials, GLASS industry
Abstract

In this study analysis of major elements and Sr--Nd isotopes is performed on 33 colourless glass fragments from two Ro- man shipwrecks discovered in the Northern Mediterranean Sea, the Iulia Felix (irst half of the third century AD) and the Ouest-Embiez (end of the second--beginning of the third century AD). Two compositional groups are deined based upon the major elements analysis, suggesting the use of diferent raw materials, and possibly the production of the glass samples in two separate factories. Sr--Nd isotopes, promising indicators for provenancing geological resources used as raw materials 87 86 in glass manufacturing, conirm the compositional groups. The Sr/ Sr signature is very close to the modern sea water signature (0·7092) for all samples, likely due to the use of shell as glass raw material. The Nd signature further subdivides the compositional groups, suggesting the use of three diferent sand raw materials for the production of glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

5. The production of Roman glass with western Mediterranean sand raw materials: preliminary results.

Author

Brems D., Boyen S., Degryse P., Ganio M., Brems D., Boyen S., Degryse P., and Ganio M.

Abstract

Pliny the Elder described the production of glass using sand from the Belus River in Israel and the Volturno River in Italy and also mentioned that glass was similarly made in France and Spain, although no direct archaeological evidence has ever been found to support glass production in these regions. The possible existence of a Roman glass industry in the western Mediterranean was investigated based on the occurrence of suitable sand raw materials. A total of 178 beach sands from France, Spain and Italy were evaluated for their suitability for glass production by calculating the composition of hypothetical glasses made from the sands and comparing them with Roman natron glass. Only six limited areas could be defined where suitable sand would have been available to the Roman glassmaker, with the best glass-making sand occurring in the Basilicata region in southeast Italy between the mouth of the River Basento and the River Bradano. Melting experiments were carried out to test the suitability of the suggested sands., Pliny the Elder described the production of glass using sand from the Belus River in Israel and the Volturno River in Italy and also mentioned that glass was similarly made in France and Spain, although no direct archaeological evidence has ever been found to support glass production in these regions. The possible existence of a Roman glass industry in the western Mediterranean was investigated based on the occurrence of suitable sand raw materials. A total of 178 beach sands from France, Spain and Italy were evaluated for their suitability for glass production by calculating the composition of hypothetical glasses made from the sands and comparing them with Roman natron glass. Only six limited areas could be defined where suitable sand would have been available to the Roman glassmaker, with the best glass-making sand occurring in the Basilicata region in southeast Italy between the mouth of the River Basento and the River Bradano. Melting experiments were carried out to test the suitability of the suggested sands.

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