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Thirteen out of fourteen normal mature rabbits injected with sulphanilazo-human-serum-albumin produced antibodies against sulphanilic acid. In contrast, out of fifteen mature rabbits which had received human serum albumin at birth, none produced detectable antibodies to sulphanilic acid after injections of the sulphanilazo-human-serum-albumin. Fourteen out of fifteen normal mature rabbits produced antibodies to sulphanilic acid after injections of sulphanilazo-rabbit-serum-albumin. One out of nine mature rabbits which had been injected neonatally with sulphanilic acid produced antibodies against the hapten when immunized with the sulphanilazo-human-serum-albumin. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to some current views on antibody formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spleen cells treated in vitro with rabbit antiserum against human serum albumin (HAS) are capable of specifically adsorbing 131I-HAS. The antibody responsible for this effect has been termed 'cytophilic antibody' (boyden and Sorkin, 1960). Absorption of anti-HAS serum under appropriate conditions with normal spleen cells results in a greater loss of cytophilic antibody activity than of precipitable antibody. Preparations made from freeze-dried cells are also capable of adsorbing cytophilic antibody. However, treatment of cells (either fresh or freeze-dried) at 56° results in loss of capacity to take up cytophilic antibody. Treatment of 56° of cells which have adsorbed cytophilic antibody results in elution of the cytophilic antibody. Eluates prepared in this way have a much higher proportion of cytophilic antibody activity to precipitable antibody than has the original antiserum. These results are discussed particularly in relation to some apparently conflicting reports of other workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbit spleen cells, which have been treated in vitro with certain rabbit or guinea-pig antisera (e.g. against human serum albumin) and washed, are capable of specifically adsorbing radio-isotope labelled antigen. The antibody responsible for this effect appears to be distinct from the main precipitating anti-body in the serum and the term ‘cytophilic antibody’ has been suggested. The activity of the cytophilic antibody is not destroyed by heating at 56° C. for half an hour. The cytophilic antibody is not adsorbed by red cells. Spleen cells which have been treated with methanol before treatment with antiserum take up less antigen than non-methanol-treated cells tested in the same way. However, the addition of flesh normal spleen cells to the methanol-antibody-treated cells before the addition of antigen increased the uptake of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the study related to the impact of civilization on human biology. On the one hand, there are the processes of nature which are the province of natural scientists and. on the other, the processes of culture which are studied by social scientists and students of the humanities. From the statements of representatives of either of these two intellectual domains, or from the structure of the education syllabuses. The amount of energy that the human species utilizes in its interactions with the environment on any single day is now greater than it was in pre-neolithic times by due to several factors.