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Gender roles, that shape the social understandings of femininity and masculinity, are one of the most significant fields. While sex is a biological concept which refers innate physical differences, gender refers roles, status and responsibilities of this biological concept by the society. According to these roles, status and responsibilities, males and females in each culture have specific behaviors, attitudes and actions to do or not to do. Therefore, culture comes to the forefront as a determining factor for composition of identity. In this context, Dede Korkut Kitabı, that involves all kind of knowledge of Turkish culture, has a very rich substance on gender roles. Boys in the stories must overcome the obstacles to carve a masculine identity. The success of the boys, who need both talent and virtue to achieve their tasks, means more social value than having an individual aspect. In this study, it is discussed that the transformation and scramble of boys for composing a talented and virtuous identity which is asked/expected/fancied by the family and society. Accordingly, the scramble of the boys to alter from a poor boy to a boy and "bey" is commented over concept of masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate discrepancies between self-reported and measured height and weight, with a focus on sex differences and group variation among Turkish immigrants living in the Netherlands, Germany, and Türkiye. Data were collected from 478 participants (202 male and 276 female) across these three countries. Both selfreported and measured values for height and weight were recorded and analyzed. Linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the differences in reported and measured values and BMI. Results showed significant differences between self-reported and measured height and weight across sexes and origins. Females reported greater height differences than males; Turkish immigrant individuals living in the Netherlands in particular reported their heights as higher than other groups for both sexes (Males: 1.77 cm; Females: 1.79 cm). Similarly, weight discrepancies were more pronounced among females, particularly those from the Netherlands, with a selfreported weight that was -0.68 kg lower than the measured weight. These results suggest a tendency for participants to overestimate height and underestimate weight, with varying patterns based on sex and country of origin. Regression analyses indicated a positive correlation between BMI and the magnitude of discrepancies between selfreported and measured anthropometric values. These findings underscore the importance of considering self-report biases in anthropometric studies and highlight the need for anthropometric measurements in health assessments, particularly when assessing immigrant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary Childhood obesity leads to early puberty development in girls, but its effect in boys remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to study the association between childhood obesity and puberty development in boys. We included 14 cohort studies with 114,822 boys. Meta‐analysis showed that childhood overweight (RR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.08–1.93; the number of studies [N] = 4) and obesity (RR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.11–1.64; N = 5) were associated with the earlier occurrence of testicular volume ≥4 mL (Tanner stage 2). Age reaching Tanner stage 2 in overweight boys was earlier than normal‐weight boys (mean difference: −0.23 years, 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.08; N = 2); a similar trend was observed in obese boys, but the effect estimate did not reach significance level (mean difference: −0.27 years, 95% CI: −0.59 to 0.05; N = 3). Similarly, the age at pubarche in boys with overweight/obesity was earlier than those with normal weight. Qualitative analysis shows first nocturnal emission; change in voice and peak height velocity in boys with overweight/obesity appeared to develop earlier than those with normal weight. These findings suggest overweight/obesity is associated with earlier pubertal development in boys. Due to the limited number of studies identified in this review, further studies are warranted to confirm these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the role of maternal height and body mass index in the prediction of preterm birth. Material and Method: Patients who had either cesarean section and/or spontaneous vaginal delivery in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the last 5 years were included in the study. Demographic data, weeks of gestation at the time of delivery, maternal height and body mass index of the patients with preterm delivery were recorded retrospectively for the study group. The control group consisted of retrospectively selected patients who had given birth after the expected date of delivery using the Naegele method. Results: In the study, 295 of 541 pregnant women had a preterm birth (study group), while 246 women had given birth after the expected date of delivery (control group). Maternal height and body mass index had an influence on preterm birth. The sensitivity and specificity values for a height of 152.5 cm and a body mass index of 21.3 kg/m2 were (1.0 and 0.13) and (1.0 and 0.06), respectively. In the receiver characteristics analysis of these variables affecting preterm birth, the area under the curve for body mass index and maternal height were 0.763 and 0.708, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that height and body mass index were found to be good discriminators for the prediction of preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epilepsy during recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy is rare in children. The potential association between rhGH treatment and epilepsy remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of two Chinese boys who experienced epilepsy during the use of rhGH and reviewed the relevant literature. Results: Case 1, an 8-year and 2-month-old boy, was diagnosed with short stature, malnutrition, and congenital hypothyroidism. He was on levothyroxine sodium tablets for a long time. Recurrent febrile convulsions were present at 6-7 years. Electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormality, and no treatment was given. He was diagnosed with complex febrile convulsions. The boy started rhGH treatment (approximately 0.15 IU/kg/day, sc, qd) at 8 years and 4 months. Epilepsy occurred three times during the 6 months of rhGH treatment. Electroencephalography confirmed a definitive diagnosis of epilepsy. Then, he discontinued rhGH treatment at 8 years and 11 months and started taking levetiracetam (0.25 g, po, bid) for antiepileptic therapy. Epilepsy was well-controlled 4 months later. He continued rhGH treatment at 10 years and 3 months and has been on rhGH treatment until now, with no recurrence of epilepsy. He has been taking levetiracetam to date. Case 2, a 9-year and 1-month-old boy, was diagnosed with central precocious puberty, predicted short final height, and overweight. He started treatment with triptorelin (3.75 mg, im, q4w) and rhGH (approximately 0.15 IU/kg/day, sc, qd) at 9 years and 3 months. He tended to fall repeatedly when he was approximately 10 years old. Electroencephalography showed a few medium- to high-amplitude sharp waves and sporadic sharp slow waves in the left middle temporal region, sometimes involving the left posterior temporal region. He was diagnosed with epilepsy. Triptorelin discontinuance provided no symptom relief, which worsened further. Subsequently, he withdrew from rhGH treatment, and the symptoms occurred occasionally within a week and stopped after 15 days. The electroencephalogram returned to normal. No further seizures occurred during follow-up to date. Conclusion: During the use of rhGH in short-stature children with complex febrile convulsions or underlying lesions related to neurological impairment or those being treated with antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy may be induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal cord cysts in children are rare but can cause various symptoms depending on their size and location. We present a 14 -14-year-old boy who presented weakness of the lower right limb with gait abnormality, posterior cord ataxia, and difficulty getting up from a sitting position and rising from a squatting position. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed the presence of a large fluid area (110 mm x 30 mm x 17mm) located intracanalicularly, extradurally, from Th 9 to L1, posterior to the spinal cord, displacing the spinal cord forward and to the right. After consultation with a neurosurgeon, the patient was transferred to the Pediatric Neurosurgery Department of the Institute of Pediatric Medicine in Warsaw for further treatment. Surgery was performed to remove the spinal cord cyst. Histopathological examination excluded a neoplastic process. After 4 days in the hospital, the patient was discharged in good condition. The motor function improved over several days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Philosophy, Culture & Political Science is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forensic Science & Technology is the property of Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to analyse the association between sex hormones and bone age (BA) in boys aged 9–18 years, both individually and interactively, and further to explore whether nutritional status may influence this association. A retrospective analysis was performed among 1382 Chinese boys with physical measurements, sexual characteristics, BA radiographs and sex hormone indicators from February 2015 to February 2022. A total of 470 (34.0%) boys had advanced BA. BA was positively associated with estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in both advanced and normal BA groups after adjusting for age, genetic height and body mass index. Multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting for covariates, estradiol (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.12), LH (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04–1.96), and testosterone (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17–2.13) were significantly associated with the increased risk of advanced BA in boys, and the association was reinforced when these hormones were interactively explored. Stratified by nutritional status, the interaction between estradiol, LH, and testosterone showed a strong association with advanced BA in boys with normal weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare low-grade sarcoma, which rarely metastasizes, but it is locally aggressive with a propensity to recur. It usually affects persons of African descent and is extremely rare in childhood with a favourable prognosis. We present a case of paediatric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans to the midline of the lower back of a 9-year-old Afro-Caribbean boy who was biopsied with a 2-mm margin. After histological confirmation, a 4-cm margin was then performed. Surveillance for recurrence, though none has been seen thus far after 6-month follow-up, will be done for at least 5 years and possibly longer, given this is the first case of this nature ever seen in our institution and the Caribbean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boys are a group who experience commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) but are often less visible than girls with the same experience. There is limited evidence regarding the experiences of organizational support from the perspectives of boys with CSE experience. This study, conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal, adopted a mixed‐method approach, combining data from actor mapping, survey, and in‐depth case studies. It explores (1) what services are available for boys with CSE experience; (2) how services help boys to exit the commercial sex sector; and (3) what the future service needs are for boys with CSE experience. In our sample, most of the boys who had been involved in the CSE industry as minors, identified themselves as sexual minorities. The findings suggest that despite the inadequacy of the services available for boys with CSE experience, around half of the boys who successfully exited the industry reported that support from non‐governmental organization (NGOs) was crucial to their pathways out. The findings indicate the continuity of follow‐up services is needed. This study underscores the importance of organizational and service support. It highlights ongoing needs regarding economic determinants. This study sheds light on future NGO service programme development and policy initiatives on protecting boys with CSE experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Civilization Studies is the property of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Case: A 16-year-old male patient presented with isolated bilateral sacroiliac (SI) joint dislocation. In this report, we discuss the presentation and focus on strategies for operative reduction and fixation for this rare injury. Conclusion: In conclusion, we present a case of a bilateral ligamentous SI joint dislocation in an adolescent. The patient was reduced in the supine position with a sacral bump and bilateral traction with direct and indirect reduction aids inserted through a lateral window. Bilateral SI screws stabilized the pelvis, facilitating uncomplicated healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Objective: We present a boy with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)-associated precocious puberty (PP) who achieved normal adult height without treatment. Case Report: The patient presented at 10 years of age with PP and fibrous dysplasia of the right humerus. Examination showed a height 148.7 cm, Tanner 2 pubic hair and 12-15 cc testes. The Bone age (BA) was 13 years with a predicted adult height of 175 cm vs. mid parental target height of 173 cm. Laboratory parameters were as follows: luteinizing hormone (LH) 0.745 mIU/mL (0.2-4.9 mIU/mL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 0.933 mIU/mL (1.8-3.2 mIU/mL), testosterone 42 ng/dL (18-150 ng/dL), inhibin B 436.6 pg/mL (41-238 pg/mL) and AMH 36.1 ng/mL (45.26-191.34 ng/mL). The DNA testing result of tissue from the right humerus was positive for GNAS p. R201C mutation confirming a diagnosis of MAS. Pubertal progression with growth spurt occurred over the next 3 years: growth velocity (GV) 12 cm/y, testosterone 116 ng/dL, LH 0.715 mIU/mL and FSH 1.3 mIU/mL at 10.6 years; GV 10.3 cm/y, BA 13 to 13.6 years, testosterone 450 ng/dL, LH 1.7 mIU/mL and FSH 1.4 mIU/mL at 11.7 years; and GV 3.8 cm/y, BA 17 years, Testosterone 668 ng/dL and LH 4.2 μIU/mL at 13.3 years. Height was 171.2 cm. Discussion: PP is reported in approximately 15% of boys with MAS. PP leads to BA advancement and reduction in final adult height. Our patient achieved normal adult height without treatment in the absence of excess growth hormone. Conclusion: Boys with MAS and PP with slow BA advancement may achieve normal adult height without treatment even in the absence of excess growth hormone.

This paper will analyze the publications for children of Woman's Missionary Union (WMU), auxiliary to the Southern Baptist Convention, from 1953 to 1957. These include Tell , a monthly magazine for girls, and Ambassador Life , a monthly magazine for boys. The paper will argue that these magazines urged girls to develop social graces while challenging boys to physical activity. In addition, both Ambassador Life and Tell generally encouraged their readers to adopt what editors saw as gender-specific roles, positing distinctive tasks for boys (and men) and for girls (and women). Overall, these emphases reflected conservative Southern Baptist understandings of gender and helped shape the views of a generation (or more) of Southern Baptists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society often uses three terms, manosphere, man cave and man box, to explain the behaviour of men. Three hidden and smaller versions of these terms describe how boys connect with other boys, how boys are socialized, how boys learn to survive and eventually emerge into manhood: boyosphere, boy cave and boy box. Within the boy box, there is a war against boys, and unless there is more constructive intervention to save our boys, then the world will continue to blame boys for social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rationale & objectiveIn the general population, girls have lower mortality risk compared with boys. However, few studies have focused on sex differences in survival and in access to kidney transplantation among children with end-stage kidney disease.Study designRetrospective cohort study.Setting & participantsChildren aged 2 to 19 years registered in the US Renal Data System who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 1995 and 2011.PredictorStudy participant sex.OutcomeTime to death and time to kidney transplantation.Analytical approachWe used adjusted Cox models to examine the association between sex and all-cause mortality. We used Fine-Gray models to examine the association between sex and kidney transplantation accounting for the competing risk for death.ResultsWe included 14,024 children, of whom 1,880 died during a median 7.1 years of follow-up. In adjusted analyses, the HR for death was higher for girls (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.25-1.50) than boys. When we further adjusted our survival models for transplantation as a time-dependent covariate, the hazard rate of death in girls was partially attenuated but remained statistically significantly higher than that for boys (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17-1.41). Girls were also less likely to receive a kidney transplant than boys (adjusted subdistribution HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95) in analyses treating death as a competing risk.LimitationsLack of data for disease course before the onset of RRT and observational study data.ConclusionsThe mortality rate was substantially higher for girls than for boys treated with RRT. Access to transplantation was lower for girls than boys, but differences in transplantation access accounted for only a small proportion of the survival differences by sex.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, and their oncogenic role has been well demonstrated in genital, anal, and oropharyngeal areas. However, a certain distrust and a lack of knowledge about this vaccine are perceptible among French adolescents and their parents. Thus, health professionals and, more particularly, pharmacists appear to be key persons to promote HPV vaccination and restore confidence in the target population. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV vaccination among pharmacists, particularly in boys, following the 2019 recommendation to vaccinate them. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive survey that was conducted from March to September 2021 among pharmacists in France. 215 complete questionnaires were collected. Gaps in knowledge were found, only 21.4% and 8.4% obtained a high level of knowledge related to, respectively, HPV and vaccination. Pharmacists were confident in the HPV vaccine (94.4%), found it safe and useful, and felt that the promotion of the vaccine was part of their role (94.0%). However, only a few have already advised it, which they justify due to a lack of opportunity and forgetfulness. Faced with this, training, computerized reminders, or supportive materials could be implemented to improve the advice and thus the vaccination coverage. Finally, 64.2% were in favor of a pharmacy-based vaccination program. In conclusion, pharmacists are interested in this vaccination and the role of promoter. However, they need the means to facilitate this mission: training, computer alerts, supportive materials such as flyers, and the implementation of vaccination in pharmacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kur’ân’ın kastedilen anlamlarının anlaşılması öncelikle âyetleri oluşturan lafızların delâletlerini doğru tespit etmeye bağlıdır. Zira Kur’ân’da yer alan lafızların anlamlarına delâletleri farklılık arz eder. Maksûd anlamlarının kapalılıklarına göre bir hiyerarşi vardır. Bazı lafızlar birden fazla anlama muhtemeldir. Bunlara müşkil denilir. Müşkil lafızların en belirgin özelliği ihtilafa, farklı anlayışlara kapısının açık olmasıdır. Birden çok anlama gelmesi muhtemel olan bu âyetlerden birisi de Âl-i İmrân sûresinin 36. âyetidir. Bu Âyette geçen meâlen “Erkek kız gibi değildir.” ibaresinin kime ait olduğu, erkek ve kız arasında bir üstünlüğün söz konusu olup olmadığı, böyle bir üstünlük varsa bunun hangi cinsiyete ait olduğu vb. tefsirlerde tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada mevzubahis âyetin, belli başlı klasik tefsirlerden başlayıp günümüze kadar nasıl yorumlandığına dair farklı görüşler bir araya getirilmiş ve bu yorumların gerekçeleri incelenmiştir. İbare hakkında yapılan özgün tefsirler genel olarak iki görüş etrafında toplanmaktadır. Birincisi: Mabedin hizmetinde bulunma hususunda erkek olmanın ontolojik üstünlükleri bulunur. Erkek hayız, nifas gibi mabette bulunmaya mâni olan engellerden halidir ve mabedin hizmetini görmek için gerekli fiziki güce sahiptir. Mabede devam eden erkeklerle ihtilat etme mecburiyeti olacağı için bu içli dışlı oluşa kadınlık manidir. Erkeğin diğer erkek cemaat ile bir arada bulunmasında herhangi bir sakınca yokken kadın hakkında ise durum öyle değildir. İkincisi: Hanne kendisine bahşedilen kızı erkeğe üstün tutmuştur. Bu yoruma göre Hz. Meryem’in annesi şöyle demiştir: “İstediğim erkekti. Fakat bu kız ise Allah’ın bana bahşettiği bir ihsan. İstediğim olan erkek, Allah’ın bana bahşettiği kız gibi değildir.” Böyle bir yoruma göre Meryem’in annesi, Allah’ın kendisine verdiği şeyin kendisi için istediği şeyden daha hayırlı olduğunu bilen marifet ehli bir kadındır. Sonuç olarak bu yorumların her birinin genel anlamda ilmi bir mesnede dayandığı ve lafız ve terkiplerin birden fazla anlama muhtemel olmasından dolayı da kesin bir yargıda bulunmanın mümkün olmadığı belirtilmiştir. Fakat çalışmanın ibare hakkında şöyle bir değerlendirmesi olmuştur: İbare, “teslimiyet dersi” vermektedir. Hz. Meryem’in annesinin, gönlünde erkek çocuğu olduğu halde kız doğurduğunda Allah’ın takdirine teslimiyet göstermesi ve kendisine bahşedilen kız çocuğunda büyük bir hayır var olduğuna inandığını belirtmesi Kur’ân’ın “tevhît ve tevekkül” maksadına daha uygundur. Zira Kur’ân başından sonuna kadar defalarca kazaya rıza, Allah’ın lütfuna teslim dersi vermiştir. Erkek beklerken kızı olan bir kadının erkek çocuğunun herhangi bir sebeple daha meziyetli olduğu gibi bir düşüncesini yahut tahassürünü Kur’ân’ın bizlerle paylaşmış olması da muhtemeldir. Fakat çalışmanın tercihi görüş bu değildir.

Scrotal injuries are not very common in children and are mostly due to blunt trauma from direct injury, sports injuries or motor vehicle accidents. Traumatic testicular torsion in children has been also infrequently reported in the literature. To ensure testicular salvage, an urgent and specialised diagnosis and management are necessary. We present a case of a partial epididymal rupture and spermatic cord haematoma with an associated secondary testicular torsion due to blunt scrotal injury, in a 12-year-old boy.

This study investigates the relationship between the frequency of basketball training and executive functions (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in boys aged 6 to 8. A total of 40 boys recruited from a local after-school basketball training club were divided into a low-frequency group (once a week) and a high-frequency group (at least twice a week). An additional 20 age-matched boys recruited from a local elementary school were considered as the control group (no training experience). All subjects conducted the Stop-signal task, the N-back task, and the switching task at rest. The mean reaction time and accuracy data obtained from each task were used in statistical analysis. There was no significant group difference in either the accuracy or reaction time of inhibitory control. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the reaction time of working memory across groups. However, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher accuracy (93.00 ± 4.31%) with regard to working memory than the low-frequency group (85.4 ± 6.04%, P < 0.001) and the control group (83.73 ± 7.70%, P < 0.001), respectively. A positive correlation was also found between the accuracy of working memory and groups. Furthermore, in comparison with the control group, the high-frequency group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility accuracy (91.93 ± 7.40% vs. 85.70 ± 9.75%, P = 0.004) and shorter reaction time (934.24 ± 213.02 ms vs. 1,122.06 ± 299.14 ms, P < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between the accuracy of cognitive flexibility and groups. These findings suggest that regular basketball training, especially with higher frequency, is beneficial to working memory and cognitive flexibilityin boys aged 6 to 8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy is the property of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of the Covid-19 epidemic and severe economic conditions in 2021 were experienced intensely in Turkey. Despite of these negativities, studies, based on the Book of Dede Korkut has been continued. Widely known as one of the main manuscripts of Turkish culture and prime example of the oldest genre of Turkish literature -epic-, Dede Korkut Kitabı (Eng. Trans. The Book of Dede Korkut/The Book of Grandfather Korkut) was improvised by a Turkish ozan (Minstrel) Dede Korkut who also called as Dedem Korkut (My Grandfather Korkut), Korkut Ata (Ancestor Korkut) among Turks. As it is known, the studies based on the Book of Dede Korkut has been carrying out on the basis of the Dresden and Vatican copies and the Günbed Manuscript. On the basis of the Book of Dede Korkut, many popular, scientific, cultural and artistic forms of work were carried out, and organized events in 2021 in Turkey. In what form and in what quantity these works were produced; what causes and motives are affected in terms of quantity and form; -if any- what are the levels of these effects and effect values are the questions that this article focuses on. Being focused on this very question, I aimed to evaluate Dede Korkut studies which appeared during 2021. This very statistical, annotative and comparative evaluation on these studies has addressed them in the light of folklore theories. As a result, it is seen that above-mentioned events related to The Book of Dede Korkut have influenced them in positive and negative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mental health problems among adolescents have become a public health issue in Norway. However, few adolescent boys seek help for their mental health problems. This study focus on adolescent boys’ experiences related to visiting the public health nurse for mental health problems. Twelve adolescent boys were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The theme identified from the data was: overcoming barriers to reach for a helping hand. The theme consisted of four categories: the public health nurse must be accessible; breaking the norm is a prerequisite for the adolescent boys to talk about mental health problems; ensuring that confidentiality is respected; and the public health nurse is a trustworthy person who can open up for new perspectives. The adolescent boys experienced barriers to visiting the public health nurse. When they had crossed these barriers, the visit was experienced as positive.

Purpose Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is a safe and effective therapy used to treat central precocious puberty (CPP). Although most studies have reported no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) in girls during and after GnRHa therapy, few studies have investigated changes in BMI in boys with CPP. This study evaluated the effects of GnRHa therapy on BMI in boys with CPP. Methods This study included 75 boys with CPP at Ajou University Hospital between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016, who treated with leuprorelin acetate or triptorelin acetate every 4 weeks for at least 2 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to BMI: normal weight, overweight, and obese. We analyzed the BMI standard deviation score (SDS) in each group before therapy and after 1 year and 2 years of therapy. Results Of the 75 boys, 37 were in the normal weight group, 21 were in the overweight group, and 17 were in the obese group. Magnetic resonance imaging that was performed before treatment showed abnormal findings in 9 boys. The mean BMI SDS for all participants at initiation was 1.0±0.8, and that in the normal weight, overweight, and obese groups was 0.3±0.4, 1.3±0.1, and 1.9±0.3, respectively. There were no significant differences in BMI SDS in any group after 1 or 2 years of treatment. Conclusions The BMI SDS in boys with CPP did not significantly change over 2 years of GnRHa therapy.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, and their oncogenic role has been well demonstrated in genital, anal, and oropharyngeal areas. However, a certain distrust and a lack of knowledge about this vaccine are perceptible among French adolescents and their parents. Thus, health professionals and, more particularly, pharmacists appear to be key persons to promote HPV vaccination and restore confidence in the target population. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV vaccination among pharmacists, particularly in boys, following the 2019 recommendation to vaccinate them. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive survey that was conducted from March to September 2021 among pharmacists in France. 215 complete questionnaires were collected. Gaps in knowledge were found, only 21.4% and 8.4% obtained a high level of knowledge related to, respectively, HPV and vaccination. Pharmacists were confident in the HPV vaccine (94.4%), found it safe and useful, and felt that the promotion of the vaccine was part of their role (94.0%). However, only a few have already advised it, which they justify due to a lack of opportunity and forgetfulness. Faced with this, training, computerized reminders, or supportive materials could be implemented to improve the advice and thus the vaccination coverage. Finally, 64.2% were in favor of a pharmacy-based vaccination program. In conclusion, pharmacists are interested in this vaccination and the role of promoter. However, they need the means to facilitate this mission: training, computer alerts, supportive materials such as flyers, and the implementation of vaccination in pharmacies.

Background: Epilepsy during recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy is rare in children. The potential association between rhGH treatment and epilepsy remains unclear., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of two Chinese boys who experienced epilepsy during the use of rhGH and reviewed the relevant literature., Results: Case 1, an 8-year and 2-month-old boy, was diagnosed with short stature, malnutrition, and congenital hypothyroidism. He was on levothyroxine sodium tablets for a long time. Recurrent febrile convulsions were present at 6-7 years. Electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormality, and no treatment was given. He was diagnosed with complex febrile convulsions. The boy started rhGH treatment (approximately 0.15 IU/kg/day, sc, qd) at 8 years and 4 months. Epilepsy occurred three times during the 6 months of rhGH treatment. Electroencephalography confirmed a definitive diagnosis of epilepsy. Then, he discontinued rhGH treatment at 8 years and 11 months and started taking levetiracetam (0.25 g, po, bid) for antiepileptic therapy. Epilepsy was well-controlled 4 months later. He continued rhGH treatment at 10 years and 3 months and has been on rhGH treatment until now, with no recurrence of epilepsy. He has been taking levetiracetam to date. Case 2, a 9-year and 1-month-old boy, was diagnosed with central precocious puberty, predicted short final height, and overweight. He started treatment with triptorelin (3.75 mg, im, q4w) and rhGH (approximately 0.15 IU/kg/day, sc, qd) at 9 years and 3 months. He tended to fall repeatedly when he was approximately 10 years old. Electroencephalography showed a few medium- to high-amplitude sharp waves and sporadic sharp slow waves in the left middle temporal region, sometimes involving the left posterior temporal region. He was diagnosed with epilepsy. Triptorelin discontinuance provided no symptom relief, which worsened further. Subsequently, he withdrew from rhGH treatment, and the symptoms occurred occasionally within a week and stopped after 15 days. The electroencephalogram returned to normal. No further seizures occurred during follow-up to date., Conclusion: During the use of rhGH in short-stature children with complex febrile convulsions or underlying lesions related to neurological impairment or those being treated with antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy may be induced., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhou, Jia, Xu and Ma.)

Introduction: The psychomotor development of the child depends on the parents, but mainly the brothers and grandparents participate. Objective: To describe the participation of the family in the early psychomotor stimulation of older infants living in a marginal urban area. Methods: Qualitative ethnographic study. The sample was represented by 15 mothers of older infants who attend the growth and development control at their local health center; The data were collected in their homes through the interview, participant observation and field diary and were processed through thematic analysis. Results: a) Stimulation of fine and gross motor skills, b) Stimulation of language and cognitive learning c) Socio-affective stimulation and learning of values. Conclusions: In this study, the family members stimulate the older infant in their daily lives through play, using materials from the home, toys, technological equipment such as television, radio and cell phones. However, cell phone use should be controlled to avoid eye, cognitive and addictive problems. Therefore, it is recommended that the primary care nurse assess their practices at home before providing health education on infant stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers three extracts from the first Howard Journal, published in 1921. Concentrating on juvenile and young male delinquency and the borstal system, it contextualises the original extracts by focusing on the evolution of borstal training in the early 20th Century, the character of the interwar borstal and the influence of the Prison Commissioner, Alexander Paterson, the circumstances and notoriety of Portland Borstal and in particular the issue of suicide in the prison estate, and the impact of the First World War, on the youth and young male delinquency and penality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  This study aimed to determine whether neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is associated with a risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a large population-based cohort. Study Design  This retrospective cohort study used data from the children's database (2000–2012) of the National Health Insurance Research Database (1996–2012) in Taiwan. We included neonates who were born between 2000 and 2004 and aged <1 month diagnosed with and without hyperbilirubinemia. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed ASD. At the end of 2012, multivariate Cox's regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results  A total of 67,017 neonates were included. The neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were associated with 1.28-fold increased risk of ASD (HR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.57) compared with those without hyperbilirubinemia. In subanalysis to determine how phototherapy and exchange transfusion treatment for hyperbilirubinemia were associated with ASD showed no association between treatment and ASD, suggesting the lack of a dose-response effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the risk of ASD. Boys had a nearly six-fold higher risk of ASD than girls (HR = 5.89, 95% CI: 4.41–7.86). Additionally, neonates born with preterm birth and low birth weight were associated with a risk of ASD (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00–2.13). Conclusion  We did not observe a dose-response effect of hyperbilirubinemia on ASD, but neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may be an independent risk factor for ASD if there is a residual confounding by other perinatal complications. Therefore, this study does not support a causal link between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia exposure and the risk of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the romanticism period, the two most explored motifs of poetry, besides others, were those of war and love. Many authors will deal with the first motif, but there will be no author at all in Albanian Romantic Literature that won’t involve in his creations love poetry. The erotic motif will lie somewhere more and somewhere less into the creativity of each representative of this period. Zef Sersembe is a Romantic Italian-Arbëresh writer, whom devoted his life to poetry. Most of his poems are dedicated to love and it can be said that these creations can be considered as the most prosperous ones of this poet. He brought in Albanian and Italian literature not only a beautiful poetry, but also a creative individuality characterized by a distinctive and representative style. It will be exactly erotic poetry and some of its features which will be subject of our survey. Will be analyzed some of the elements that emerge in these creations, elements that relate not only to the use of motives, but also to the particular ways in which this author's erotic poetry is constructed through the connotation of language. The chosen creations that are object of our work are written in variants; therefore the main focus will be the way language is used to create different meanings, from almost the same corpus of signs between these variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Turkey and the World are dealing with current health issues, research on Dede Korkut continued unhindered. Causing the deaths of millions in Turkey and the World, new Coronavirus (Covit-19) outbreak has affected adversely our lives in all its parts. This very new circumstances have made us to reconstructed our daily life including relationship, nutrition, economics, education and even our health systems. Experiencing new priorities, the excitement among Turcologists and in the public created by the discovery of Dede Korkut's 13th epos in 2019 has lost its influence. Furthermore, the abolishment of 100 basic literary work regulation has negative effect on the amount of popular publications as well. Being aware of all unfamiliar news, scholars have continued to work on Dede Korkut in 2020, as in the past years. However, have these foregoing events affected the studies centered on the Dede Korkut Book in terms of quantity? In this paper, it has been evaluated the studies appeared in 2020 by focusing on this question. All these studies have been evaluated by using statistics and annotated comparative analysis methods, which enable us to understand how Covid-19 climate has affected quantity of work on Dede Korkut in different rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]