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2. Research priorities in regional anaesthesia: an international Delphi study

Author

Ferry, Jenny, Lewis, Owen, Lloyd, James, El-Boghdadly, Kariem, Kearns, Rachel, Albrecht, Eric, Altermatt, Fernando, Ashokka, Balakrishnan, Ayad, Amany E., Aziz, Ezzat S., Aziz, Lutful, Jagannathan, Balavenkatasubramanian, Bouarroudj, Noreddine, Chin, Ki Jinn, Delbos, Alain, de Gracia, Alex, Ip, Vivian H.Y., Kwofie, Kwesi, Layera, Sebastian, Lobo, Clara A., Mohammed, Mohammed, Moka, Eleni, Moreno, Milena, Morgan, Bethan, Polela, Arthur, Rahimzadeh, Poupak, Tangwiwat, Suwimon, Uppal, Vishal, Vaz Perez, Marcelo, Volk, Thomas, Wong, Patrick B.Y., Bowness, James S., and Macfarlane, Alan J.R.

Published
2024
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4. Artificial Intelligence: Innovation to Assist in the Identification of Sono-anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anaesthesia

Author

Lloyd, James, Morse, Robert, Taylor, Alasdair, Phillips, David, Higham, Helen, Burckett-St. Laurent, David, Bowness, James, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Steinlein, Ortrud, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, and Rea, Paul M., editor

Published
2022
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10. Physical activity in later life : a phenomenology of ageing men and women in the Masters Highland Games

Author

Bowness, James

Subjects
613.7
Abstract

This thesis explores the lived experiences of men and women in the Masters Highland Games sporting community. An embodied focus is taken which looks at how individuals start sporting careers and negotiate the ageing process to maintain participation. Physical activity and sport participation in later life has increasingly been positioned as a remedy for the management of population ageing, a prescription that is often ineffective. Being active is not easy and this research aims to explore the unique contexts that allow for ageing men and women to participate in a sport which challenges normative stereotypes of later life. Drawing upon the theories of Bourdieu and Foucault, this research explores what dispositions are required to maintain a sporting career and what acts of self-discipline are needed to be a Masters athlete. The Highland Games is an event with specific ties to the Scottish Highlands. Therefore, an exploration of sporting national identity will further expand our understandings of the cultural vagaries that contextualise physical activity participation. To comprehend the lives of these individuals, a phenomenological approach was adopted. Using two types of interviews (in-person and e-mail), 19 participants (7 e-mail, 12 in-person) detailed their personal sporting histories through a life- history interview scenario. It emerged that most participants had either transitioned from other sporting practices or first started their sporting careers as Masters athletes. National identity was particularly important to many of the North American participants who had found genealogical links to the Highlands. This link to national identity, and the community of like-minded individuals, created an environment that aided sport participation. Maintaining a sporting career required concerted efforts to manage the body. This was aided by using ‘experts’ who would prescribe physical interventions to help keep the ageing body healthy. Little research has looked at the ways in which older athletes manage bodily injury and pain, as well as the risk cultures that surround their participation. This case study is later used as a critique of physical activity interventions that place emphasis upon individual motivation and fail to comprehend the cultural context of physical activity participation.

Published
2017

14. Physical Activity and the Ageing Body

Author

Palmer, Victoria J., Tulle, Emmanuelle, Bowness, James, Nyman, Samuel R., editor, Barker, Anna, editor, Haines, Terry, editor, Horton, Khim, editor, Musselwhite, Charles, editor, Peeters, Geeske, editor, Victor, Christina R., editor, and Wolff, Julia Katharina, editor

Published
2018
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16. Leading in the development, standardised evaluation, and adoption of artificial intelligence in clinical practice: regional anaesthesia as an example.

Author

Bowness, James S., Liu, Xiaoxuan, and Keane, Pearse A.

Subjects
*ARTIFICIAL intelligence, *IMAGE segmentation, *COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine), *ULTRASONIC imaging, *ANESTHESIA
Abstract

A recent study by Suissa and colleagues explored the clinical relevance of a medical image segmentation metric (Dice metric) commonly used in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). They showed that pixel-wise agreement for physician identification of structures on ultrasound images is variable, and a relatively low Dice metric (0.34) correlated to a substantial agreement on subjective clinical assessment. We highlight the need to bring structure and clinical perspective to the evaluation of medical AI, which clinicians are best placed to direct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Standardizing nomenclature in regional anesthesia: an ASRA-ESRA Delphi consensus study of upper and lower limb nerve blocks

Author

El-Boghdadly, Kariem, primary, Albrecht, Eric, additional, Wolmarans, Morné, additional, Mariano, Edward R, additional, Kopp, Sandra, additional, Perlas, Anahi, additional, Thottungal, Athmaja, additional, Gadsden, Jeff, additional, Tulgar, Serkan, additional, Adhikary, Sanjib, additional, Aguirre, Jose, additional, Agur, Anne M R, additional, Altıparmak, Başak, additional, Barrington, Michael J, additional, Bedforth, Nigel, additional, Blanco, Rafael, additional, Bloc, Sébastien, additional, Boretsky, Karen, additional, Bowness, James, additional, Breebaart, Margaretha, additional, Burckett-St Laurent, David, additional, Carvalho, Brendan, additional, Chelly, Jacques E, additional, Chin, Ki Jinn, additional, Chuan, Alwin, additional, Coppens, Steve, additional, Costache, Ioana, additional, Dam, Mette, additional, Desmet, Matthias, additional, Dhir, Shalini, additional, Egeler, Christian, additional, Elsharkawy, Hesham, additional, Bendtsen, Thomas Fichtner, additional, Fox, Ben, additional, Franco, Carlo D, additional, Gautier, Philippe Emmanuel, additional, Grant, Stuart Alan, additional, Grape, Sina, additional, Guheen, Carrie, additional, Harbell, Monica W, additional, Hebbard, Peter, additional, Hernandez, Nadia, additional, Hogg, Rosemary M G, additional, Holtz, Margaret, additional, Ihnatsenka, Barys, additional, Ilfeld, Brian M, additional, Ip, Vivian H Y, additional, Johnson, Rebecca L, additional, Kalagara, Hari, additional, Kessler, Paul, additional, Kwofie, M Kwesi, additional, Le-Wendling, Linda, additional, Lirk, Philipp, additional, Lobo, Clara, additional, Ludwin, Danielle, additional, Macfarlane, Alan James Robert, additional, Makris, Alexandros, additional, McCartney, Colin, additional, McDonnell, John, additional, McLeod, Graeme A, additional, Memtsoudis, Stavros G, additional, Merjavy, Peter, additional, Moran, E M Louise, additional, Nader, Antoun, additional, Neal, Joseph M, additional, Niazi, Ahtsham U, additional, Njathi-Ori, Catherine, additional, O'Donnell, Brian D, additional, Oldman, Matt, additional, Orebaugh, Steven L, additional, Parras, Teresa, additional, Pawa, Amit, additional, Peng, Philip, additional, Porter, Steven, additional, Pulos, Bridget P, additional, Sala-Blanch, Xavier, additional, Saporito, Andrea, additional, Sauter, Axel R, additional, Schwenk, Eric S, additional, Sebastian, Maria Paz, additional, Sidhu, Navdeep, additional, Sinha, Sanjay Kumar, additional, Soffin, Ellen M, additional, Stimpson, James, additional, Tang, Raymond, additional, Tsui, Ban C H, additional, Turbitt, Lloyd, additional, Uppal, Vishal, additional, van Geffen, Geert J, additional, Vermeylen, Kris, additional, Vlassakov, Kamen, additional, Volk, Thomas, additional, Xu, Jeff L, additional, and Elkassabany, Nabil M, additional

Published
2023
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18. Variability between human experts and artificial intelligence in identification of anatomical structures by ultrasound in regional anaesthesia: a framework for evaluation of assistive artificial intelligence

Author

Bowness, James S., primary, Morse, Robert, additional, Lewis, Owen, additional, Lloyd, James, additional, Burckett-St Laurent, David, additional, Bellew, Boyne, additional, Macfarlane, Alan J.R., additional, Pawa, Amit, additional, Taylor, Alasdair, additional, Noble, J. Alison, additional, and Higham, Helen, additional

Published
2023
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29. Recommendations for anatomical structures to identify on ultrasound for the performance of intermediate and advanced blocks in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia

Author

Ashken, Toby, primary, Bowness, James, additional, Macfarlane, Alan James Robert, additional, Turbitt, Lloyd, additional, Bellew, Boyne, additional, Bedforth, Nigel, additional, Burckett-St Laurent, David, additional, Delbos, Alain, additional, El-Boghdadly, Kariem, additional, Elkassabany, Nabil M, additional, Ferry, Jenny, additional, Fox, Ben, additional, French, James L H, additional, Grant, Calum, additional, Gupta, Ashwani, additional, Gupta, Rajnish K, additional, Gürkan, Yavuz, additional, Haslam, Nat, additional, Higham, Helen, additional, Hogg, Rosemary M G, additional, Johnston, David F, additional, Kearns, Rachel Joyce, additional, Lobo, Clara, additional, McKinlay, Sonya, additional, Mariano, Edward R, additional, Memtsoudis, Stavros, additional, Merjavy, Peter, additional, Narayanan, Madan, additional, Noble, J Alison, additional, Phillips, David, additional, Rosenblatt, Meg, additional, Sadler, Amy, additional, Sebastian, Maria Paz, additional, Schwenk, Eric S, additional, Taylor, Alasdair, additional, Thottungal, Athmaja, additional, Valdés-Vilches, Luis Fernando, additional, Volk, Thomas, additional, West, Simeon, additional, Wolmarans, Morné, additional, Womack, Jonathan, additional, and Pawa, Amit, additional

Published
2022
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34. International consensus on anatomical structures to identify on ultrasound for the performance of basic blocks in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia

Author

Bowness, James Simeon, primary, Pawa, Amit, additional, Turbitt, Lloyd, additional, Bellew, Boyne, additional, Bedforth, Nigel, additional, Burckett-St Laurent, David, additional, Delbos, Alain, additional, Elkassabany, Nabil, additional, Ferry, Jenny, additional, Fox, Ben, additional, French, James L H, additional, Grant, Calum, additional, Gupta, Ashwani, additional, Harrop-Griffiths, William, additional, Haslam, Nat, additional, Higham, Helen, additional, Hogg, Rosemary, additional, Johnston, David F, additional, Kearns, Rachel Joyce, additional, Kopp, Sandra, additional, Lobo, Clara, additional, McKinlay, Sonya, additional, Memtsoudis, Stavros, additional, Merjavy, Peter, additional, Moka, Eleni, additional, Narayanan, Madan, additional, Narouze, Samer, additional, Noble, J Alison, additional, Phillips, David, additional, Rosenblatt, Meg, additional, Sadler, Amy, additional, Sebastian, Maria Paz, additional, Taylor, Alasdair, additional, Thottungal, Athmaja, additional, Valdés-Vilches, Luis Fernando, additional, Volk, Thomas, additional, West, Simeon, additional, Wolmarans, Morné, additional, Womack, Jonathan, additional, and Macfarlane, Alan James Robert, additional

Published
2021
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37. Arterial anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall: evidence-based safe sites for instrumentation based on radiological analysis of 100 patients

Author

Bowness, James, Seeley, Jonathan, Varsou, Ourania, McKinnie, Angela, Zealley, Ian, McLeod, Graeme, and Grant, Calum

Abstract

Introduction: \ud \ud Multiple medical interventions require percutaneous instrumentation of the anterior abdominal wall, all of which carry a potential for vascular trauma. We assessed the presence, position and size of the anterior abdominal wall superior and inferior (deep) epigastric arteries to determine the safest site with respect to vascular anatomy of the rectus sheath.\ud \ud Materials & Methods: \ud \ud In a review of 100 arterial phase, contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scans, anterior abdominal wall arteries were assessed bilaterally at three axial planes: transpyloric, umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud The mean age of patients was 69.2 years (SD ± 15), with 62 male and 38 female. An artery was visible least frequently at the transpyloric plane (5%), compared to the umbilicus (72-79%) and ASIS (93-96%), on the left (χ (4) = 207.272; p

Published
2020

45. International consensus on anatomical structures to identify on ultrasound for the performance of basic blocks in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.

Author

Bowness, James Simeon, Pawa, Amit, Turbitt, Lloyd, Bellew, Boyne, Bedforth, Nigel, Burckett-St Laurent, David, Delbos, Alain, Elkassabany, Nabil, Ferry, Jenny, Fox, Ben, French, James L H, Grant, Calum, Gupta, Ashwani, Harrop-Griffiths, William, Haslam, Nat, Higham, Helen, Hogg, Rosemary, Johnston, David F, Kearns, Rachel Joyce, and Kopp, Sandra

Abstract

There is no universally agreed set of anatomical structures that must be identified on ultrasound for the performance of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) techniques. This study aimed to produce standardized recommendations for core (minimum) structures to identify during seven basic blocks. An international consensus was sought through a modified Delphi process. A long-list of anatomical structures was refined through serial review by key opinion leaders in UGRA. All rounds were conducted remotely and anonymously to facilitate equal contribution of each participant. Blocks were considered twice in each round: for "orientation scanning" (the dynamic process of acquiring the final view) and for the "block view" (which visualizes the block site and is maintained for needle insertion/injection). Strong recommendations for inclusion were made if ≥75% of participants rated a structure as "definitely include" in any round. Weak recommendations were made if >50% of participants rated a structure as "definitely include" or "probably include" for all rounds (but the criterion for "strong recommendation" was never met). Thirty-six participants (94.7%) completed all rounds. 128 structures were reviewed; a "strong recommendation" is made for 35 structures on orientation scanning and 28 for the block view. A "weak recommendation" is made for 36 and 20 structures, respectively. This study provides recommendations on the core (minimum) set of anatomical structures to identify during ultrasound scanning for seven basic blocks in UGRA. They are intended to support consistent practice, empower non-experts using basic UGRA techniques, and standardize teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. Re-creating the clan: 'brotherhood' and solidarity at the Masters World Championship Highland Games

Author

Bowness, James, Harris, John, and Wise, Nicholas

Subjects
H1, HM
Abstract

This chapter is based on data collected at the 2014 MWC event in Inverness. The broader aim of the study was to understand the experiences of Masters athletes participating in a sport that challenges common narratives of ageing men and women. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used with 19 Highland Games Masters athletes in the 8 months following the championships. Interviews involved the eclectic combination of life history, ethnographic and phenomenological approaches. An ethnographic approach was used to comprehend the processes of meaning making and ritual within the Masters Highland Games community (Hammersley, 2006).

Published
2019

47. Accuracy of Non‐Invasive Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis of MASH in Patients With MASLD: A Systematic Review.

Author

Cathcart, Jennifer, Barrett, Rachael, Bowness, James S., Mukhopadhya, Ashis, Lynch, Ruairi, and Dillon, John F.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, *LIVER biopsy, *RADIONUCLIDE imaging, *LIVER diseases, *DATABASE searching
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusions Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health problem. The secondary stage in MASLD is steatohepatitis (MASH), the co‐existence of steatosis and inflammation, a leading cause of progression to fibrosis and mortality. MASH resolution alone improves survival. Currently, MASH diagnosis is via liver biopsy. This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of imaging‐based tests for MASH diagnosis, which offer a non‐invasive method of diagnosis.Eight academic literature databases were searched and references of previous systematic reviews and included papers were checked for additional papers. Liver biopsy was used for reference standard.We report on 69 imaging‐based studies. There were 31 studies on MRI, 27 on ultrasound, five on CT, 13 on transient elastography, eight on controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and two on scintigraphy. The pathological definition of MASH was inconsistent, making it difficult to compare studies. 55/69 studies (79.71%) were deemed high‐risk of bias as they had no preset thresholds and no validation. The two largest groups of imaging papers were on MRI and ultrasound. AUROCs were up to 0.93 for MRE, 0.90 for MRI, 1.0 for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 0.94 for ultrasound‐based studies.Our study found that the most promising imaging tools are MRI techniques or ultrasound‐based scores and confirmed there is potential to utilise these for MASH diagnosis. However, many publications are single studies without independent prospective validation. Without this, there is no clear imaging tool or score currently available that is reliably tested to diagnose MASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. From non-runner to parkrunner: Subjective athletic identity and experience of parkrun.

Author

Bowness, James, McKendrick, John, and Tulle, Emmanuelle

Subjects
*SPORTS events, *PHYSICAL activity, *SOCIAL movements, *OLDER athletes, *SUBJECTIVITY, *SPORTS participation
Abstract

Parkrun is a mass sporting community event which presents itself as a global social movement that aims to create a healthier and happier population. Existing research has explored the impact of parkrun on physical and mental wellbeing, and the mechanisms through which it may change physical activity behaviours. This paper draws upon a UK-wide survey of 8157 parkrunners to explore the subjective athletic identities of those who initially self-identified as non-runners. We examine how identity change is associated with perceptions and experiences of parkrun and demonstrate that parkrun has facilitated subjectivity change that leads many former non-running parkrunners to engage in running outside of the event. Using a Bourdieusian framework we argue that those who frequently engage in parkrun perceive a variety of health and performance changes that become legitimising factors for new health/sport behaviours. Our data add to existing research by demonstrating that parkrun provides a platform for individuals to become 'runners', whilst also offering a sociological explanation of how behaviour change may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Developing a Methodology Protocol for Identifying the Superficial Peroneal Nerve in Living Models Sonographically and Formalin-Fixed Cadavers Morphologically: A Proof of Concept Study

Author

Turnbull, Katie, Bowness, James, Chisholm, Fraser, Taylor, Alasdair, Halcrow, Jayne, Grant, Calum, and Varsou, Ourania

Abstract

The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) provides cutaneous innervation to the distal anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot.1 Knowing the position where the SPN penetrates the deep fascia, to become superficial, is useful in clinical practice (e.g. ankle blocks and internal fixation of distal fibular fractures). However, there is variability in the literature as to where the SPN penetrates the deep fascia as well as the methodology to identify it with no standardised guidelines. Our primary aim was to identify this point and create a methodology protocol that could be implemented in clinical practice. The study involved sonography of living healthy adult volunteers and dissection of formalin-fixed cadavers with no past history of pathology or surgery affecting the SPN. During sonography, the bony prominences of the fibular head and lateral malleolus were identified and marked with a straight line. A 6-12 MHz linear array ultrasound probe was positioned anterior to the lateral malleolus and moved proximally to identify the location where the SPN penetrates the deep fascia to lie in a superficial plane. The lateral malleolus-fibular head (length of fibula) and lateral malleolus-SPN distances were measured. The distance of emergence from the deep fascia of the SPN anterior or posterior to the length of fibula was measured (fig 1). In the cadavers, a skin incision was made from the tibial tuberosity to the anterior intermalleolar line and the skin reflected laterally to a line posterior to fibula. The superficial fascia was explored to identify the SPN and branches (fig 2). The same bony landmarks/measurements as in the sonography were marked and measured to allow for comparison with the sonographic methodology. We successfully developed a protocol that can provide standardisation for identifying the SPN. This can reduce incorrect identification and improve success rates of clinical procedures, though individual variation must be considered. Reference: 1. STANDRING, S (Editor) 2008. Gray’s Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (Fortieth Edition). London: Churchill Livingstone ELSEVIER, page 1427. Acknowledgements: For their help and support in this study, we would to thank the volunteers, the anatomy technical staff, and the clinical skills suite manager from the University of St Andrews Medical School.

Published
2018
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