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13. Use of mass-participation outdoor events to assess human exposure to tickborne pathogens

Author

Hall, Jessica L., Alpers, Kathrin, Bown, Kevin J., Martin, Stephen J., and Birtles, Richard J.

Subjects
Bites (Injuries) -- Usage -- Health aspects, Tick-borne diseases -- Usage -- Health aspects, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Usage -- Health aspects, Infection -- Usage -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

The countryside (outdoors) represents a contemporary arena for recreation, and the benefits of such recreation to human health and well-being are widely recognized and strongly promoted by governments and other [...]

Published
2017
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14. Resource competition drives an invasion-replacement event among shrew species on an island

Author

Browett, Samuel, Synnott, Rebecca, O'Meara, Denise, Antwis, Rachael, Browett, Stephen, Bown, Kevin, Wangensteen, Owen, Dawson, Deborah, Searle, Jeremy, Yearsley, Jon, and McDevitt, Allan

Subjects
shrew, R, linux, NGS, metabarcoding, diet, invasive species, genetics, Crocidura russula, Sorex minutus, Ireland
Abstract

Scripts and results files for data analysis for "Resource competition drives an invasion-replacement event among shrew species on an island" bySamuel S. Browett, Rebecca Synnott, Denise B. O’Meara, Rachael E. Antwis, Stephen S. Browett, Kevin J. Bown, Owen S. Wangensteen, Deborah A. Dawson, Jeremy B. Searle, Jon M. Yearsleyand Allan D. McDevitt. This paper has been accepted into Journal of Animal Ecology. Briefly, DNA was extracted from gut contents of >300 shrews (Sorex minutusandCrocidura russula). The COI region was amplified using a primer set referred to as Gillet. There are eight multiplexed fastq files from each of the two sequencing runs. Four forward read files and four reverse read files for each run. Samples were multiplexed using primers with dual-index 8 base pair MID tags on them. The sequences contain the primer region and MID tags. A file with the list of tags and primer sequence is included. Sequencing adapters were ligated using a PCR-free method.The final library with a total of 303 samples, five extraction blanks and 20 PCR blanks was sequenced on two Illumina MiSeq runs using V2 2x150 bp cycle kits, both loaded at 9pM with a 5% PhiX (v3, Illumina) spike.Raw sequence data is available on Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rr4xgxdcq). This scripts uploaded here were used to analyse the data for the paper.

Published
2022
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23. Fungal microbiomes are determined by host phylogeny and exhibit widespread associations with the bacterial microbiome

Author

Harrison, Xavier A., primary, McDevitt, Allan D., additional, Dunn, Jenny C., additional, Griffiths, Sarah M., additional, Benvenuto, Chiara, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Boubli, Jean P., additional, Bown, Kevin, additional, Bridson, Calum, additional, Brooks, Darren R., additional, Browett, Samuel S., additional, Carden, Ruth F., additional, Chantrey, Julian, additional, Clever, Friederike, additional, Coscia, Ilaria, additional, Edwards, Katie L., additional, Ferry, Natalie, additional, Goodhead, Ian, additional, Highlands, Andrew, additional, Hopper, Jane, additional, Jackson, Joseph, additional, Jehle, Robert, additional, da Cruz Kaizer, Mariane, additional, King, Tony, additional, Lea, Jessica M. D., additional, Lenka, Jessica L., additional, McCubbin, Alexandra, additional, McKenzie, Jack, additional, de Moraes, Bárbara Lins Caldas, additional, O'Meara, Denise B., additional, Pescod, Poppy, additional, Preziosi, Richard F., additional, Rowntree, Jennifer K., additional, Shultz, Susanne, additional, Silk, Matthew J., additional, Stockdale, Jennifer E., additional, Symondson, William O. C., additional, de la Pena, Mariana Villalba, additional, Walker, Susan L., additional, Wood, Michael D., additional, and Antwis, Rachael E., additional

Published
2021
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25. Supplementary Information from Fungal microbiomes are determined by host phylogeny and exhibit widespread associations with the bacterial microbiome

Author

Harrison, Xavier A., McDevitt, Allan D., Dunn, Jenny C., Griffiths, Sarah M., Benvenuto, Chiara, Birtles, Richard, Boubli, Jean P., Bown, Kevin, Bridson, Calum, Brooks, Darren R., Browett, Samuel S., Carden, Ruth F., Chantrey, Julian, Clever, Friederike, Coscia, Ilaria, Edwards, Katie L., Ferry, Natalie, Goodhead, Ian, Highlands, Andrew, Hopper, Jane, Jackson, Joseph, Jehle, Robert, da Cruz Kaizer, Mariane, King, Tony, Lea, Jessica M. D., Lenka, Jessica L., McCubbin, Alexandra, McKenzie, Jack, de Moraes, Bárbara Lins Caldas, O'Meara, Denise B., Pescod, Poppy, Preziosi, Richard F., Rowntree, Jennifer K., Shultz, Susanne, Silk, Matthew J., Stockdale, Jennifer E., Symondson, William O. C., de la Pena, Mariana Villalba, Walker, Susan L., Wood, Michael D., and Antwis, Rachael E.

Abstract

Interactions between hosts and their resident microbial communities are a fundamental component of fitness for both agents. Though recent research has highlighted the importance of interactions between animals and their bacterial communities, comparative evidence for fungi is lacking, especially in natural populations. Using data from 49 species, we present novel evidence of strong covariation between fungal and bacterial communities across the host phylogeny, indicative of recruitment by hosts for specific suites of microbes. Using co-occurrence networks, we demonstrate marked variation across host taxonomy in patterns of covariation between bacterial and fungal abundances. Host phylogeny drives differences in the overall richness of bacterial and fungal communities, but the effect of diet on richness was only evident in the mammalian gut microbiome. Sample type, tissue storage and DNA extraction method also affected bacterial and fungal community composition, and future studies would benefit from standardized approaches to sample processing. Collectively these data indicate fungal microbiomes may play a key role in host fitness and suggest an urgent need to study multiple agents of the animal microbiome to accurately determine the strength and ecological significance of host–microbe interactions.

Published
2021
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26. Fungal microbiomes are determined by host phylogeny and exhibit widespread associations with the bacterial microbiome.

Author

Harrison, Xavier A, McDevitt, Allan D, Dunn, Jenny C, Griffiths, Sarah M, Benvenuto, Chiara, Birtles, Richard, Boubli, Jean P, Bown, Kevin, Bridson, Calum, Brooks, Darren R, Browett, Samuel S, Carden, Ruth F, Chantrey, Julian, Clever, Friederike, Coscia, Ilaria, Edwards, Katie L, Ferry, Natalie, Goodhead, Ian, Highlands, Andrew, Hopper, Jane, Jackson, Joseph, Jehle, Robert, da Cruz Kaizer, Mariane, King, Tony, Lea, Jessica MD, Lenka, Jessica L, McCubbin, Alexandra, McKenzie, Jack, de Moraes, Bárbara Lins Caldas, O'Meara, Denise B, Pescod, Poppy, Preziosi, Richard F, Rowntree, Jennifer K, Shultz, Susanne, Silk, Matthew J, Stockdale, Jennifer E, Symondson, William OC, de la Pena, Mariana Villalba, Walker, Susan L, Wood, Michael D, Antwis, Rachael E, Harrison, Xavier A, McDevitt, Allan D, Dunn, Jenny C, Griffiths, Sarah M, Benvenuto, Chiara, Birtles, Richard, Boubli, Jean P, Bown, Kevin, Bridson, Calum, Brooks, Darren R, Browett, Samuel S, Carden, Ruth F, Chantrey, Julian, Clever, Friederike, Coscia, Ilaria, Edwards, Katie L, Ferry, Natalie, Goodhead, Ian, Highlands, Andrew, Hopper, Jane, Jackson, Joseph, Jehle, Robert, da Cruz Kaizer, Mariane, King, Tony, Lea, Jessica MD, Lenka, Jessica L, McCubbin, Alexandra, McKenzie, Jack, de Moraes, Bárbara Lins Caldas, O'Meara, Denise B, Pescod, Poppy, Preziosi, Richard F, Rowntree, Jennifer K, Shultz, Susanne, Silk, Matthew J, Stockdale, Jennifer E, Symondson, William OC, de la Pena, Mariana Villalba, Walker, Susan L, Wood, Michael D, and Antwis, Rachael E

Abstract

Interactions between hosts and their resident microbial communities are a fundamental component of fitness for both agents. Though recent research has highlighted the importance of interactions between animals and their bacterial communities, comparative evidence for fungi is lacking, especially in natural populations. Using data from 49 species, we present novel evidence of strong covariation between fungal and bacterial communities across the host phylogeny, indicative of recruitment by hosts for specific suites of microbes. Using co-occurrence networks, we demonstrate marked variation across host taxonomy in patterns of covariation between bacterial and fungal abundances. Host phylogeny drives differences in the overall richness of bacterial and fungal communities, but the effect of diet on richness was only evident in the mammalian gut microbiome. Sample type, tissue storage and DNA extraction method also affected bacterial and fungal community composition, and future studies would benefit from standardized approaches to sample processing. Collectively these data indicate fungal microbiomes may play a key role in host fitness and suggest an urgent need to study multiple agents of the animal microbiome to accurately determine the strength and ecological significance of host-microbe interactions.

Published
2021

28. Delineating anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in coexisting, discrete enzootic cycles

Author

Bown, Kevin J., Lambin, Xavier, Ogden, Nicholas H., Begon, Michael, Telford, Gill, Woldehiwet, Zerai, and Birtles, Richard J.

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Anaplasmosis -- Causes of, Anaplasmosis -- Distribution, Anaplasmosis -- Prevention, Anaplasmosis -- Research, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Usage, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Methods
Abstract

The tick-transmitted bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, an infection of medical and veterinary importance that is widely encountered across the temperate zones of the Northern [...]

Published
2009
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31. Flea-borne Bartonella grahamii and Bartonella taylorii in bank voles

Author

Bown, Kevin J., Bennett, Malcolm, and Begon, Michael

Subjects
Bartonella -- Research, Health
Abstract

Bartonella species are increasingly associated with a range of human and animal diseases. Despite this, we have a poor understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of many species, especially those [...]

Published
2004

32. Seasonal dynamics of Anaplasma phagocytophila in a rodent-tick (Ixodes trianguliceps) system, United Kingdom. (Research)

Author

Bown, Kevin J., Begon, Michael, Bennett, Malcolm, Woldehiwet, Zerai, and Ogden, Nicholas H.

Subjects
Ehrlichiosis -- Research, Mammals -- Health aspects, Ticks -- Health aspects, Rodents -- Health aspects, Zoonoses -- Research, Seasons -- Health aspects
Abstract

********** Anaplasma phagocytophila (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila, E. equi, and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis [HGE]; [1]) is an obligate intracellular bacterium that targets mainly granulocytes in its mammalian hosts [...]

Published
2003

34. Fungal microbiomes are determined by host phylogeny and exhibit widespread associations with the bacterial microbiome

Author

Harrison, Xavier A., primary, McDevitt, Allan D., additional, Dunn, Jenny C., additional, Griffiths, Sarah, additional, Benvenuto, Chiara, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Boubli, Jean P., additional, Bown, Kevin, additional, Bridson, Calum, additional, Brooks, Darren, additional, Browett, Samuel S., additional, Carden, Ruth F., additional, Chantrey, Julian, additional, Clever, Friederike, additional, Coscia, Ilaria, additional, Edwards, Katie L., additional, Ferry, Natalie, additional, Goodhead, Ian, additional, Highlands, Andrew, additional, Hopper, Jane, additional, Jackson, Joseph, additional, Jehle, Robert, additional, da Cruz Kaizer, Mariane, additional, King, Tony, additional, Lea, Jessica M. D., additional, Lenka, Jessica L., additional, McCubbin, Alexandra, additional, McKenzie, Jack, additional, de Moraes, Bárbara Lins Caldas, additional, O’Meara, Denise B., additional, Pescod, Poppy, additional, Preziosi, Richard F., additional, Rowntree, Jennifer K., additional, Shultz, Susanne, additional, Silk, Matthew J., additional, Stockdale, Jennifer E., additional, Symondson, William O. C., additional, de la Pena, Mariana Villalba, additional, Walker, Susan L., additional, Wood, Michael D., additional, and Antwis, Rachael E., additional

Published
2020
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35. Study of general practitioner consultations for tick bites at high, medium and low incidence areas for Lyme borreliosis in England and Wales

Author

Gillingham, Emma L., primary, Hall, Jessica L., additional, Birtles, Richard J., additional, Bown, Kevin J., additional, Medlock, Jolyon M., additional, Smith, Robert, additional, Hansford, Kayleigh M., additional, Warner, Jenny C., additional, Dryden, Matthew, additional, and Pietzsch, Maaike E., additional

Published
2020
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37. Fatal borreliosis in bat caused by relapsing fever spirochete, United Kingdom

Author

Evans, Nicholas J., Bown, Kevin, Timofte, Dorina, Simpson, Vic R., and Birtles, Richard J.

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Relapsing fever -- Causes of, Relapsing fever -- Distribution, Relapsing fever -- Control, Bats -- Diseases, Borrelia -- Physiological aspects, Borrelia -- Distribution
Abstract

To the Editor: Tick-borne relapsing fevers caused by members of the genus Borrelia have been encountered throughout Africa, Asia, the Americas and, rarely, in southern Europe (1). The Borrelia species [...]

Published
2009
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41. Web‐based horizon scanning: concepts and practice

Author

Palomino, Marco A., primary, Bardsley, Sarah, additional, Bown, Kevin, additional, De Lurio, Jennifer, additional, Ellwood, Peter, additional, Holland‐Smith, David, additional, Huggins, Bob, additional, Vincenti, Alexandra, additional, Woodroof, Harry, additional, and Owen, Richard, additional

Published
2012
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50. First Report of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in Rodents in Finland.

Author

Kallio, Eva R., Begon, Michael, Birtles, Richard J., Bown, Kevin J., Koskela, Esa, Mappes, Tapio, and Watts, Phillip C.

Subjects
ANAPLASMA phagocytophilum, BABESIA, CLETHRIONOMYS glareolus, ANAPLASMOSIS, CATTLE infections, PATHOGENIC microorganisms
Abstract

Tick-borne diseases pose an increasingly important public health problem in Europe. Rodents are the reservoir host for many tick-transmitted pathogens, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti, which can cause human granulocytic anaplasmosis and babesiosis, respectively. To estimate the presence of these pathogens in rodents in Finland, we examined blood samples from 151 bank voles ( Myodes glareolus) and demonstrate, for the first time, that A. phagocytophilum and B. microti commonly infect bank voles (in 22% and 40% of animals, respectively) in Finland. Sequence analysis of a fragment of 18S rRNA showed that the B. microti strain isolated was identical to the Munich strain, which is considered to be nonzoonotic. The A. phagocytophilum strain (based on a fragment of the msp4 gene) was identical to one found earlier in rodents in the United Kingdom that is transmitted by the tick Ixodes trianguliceps, all the life stages of which feed on small mammals. The infection probability of B. microti in the bank voles was the greater the older the individual was, and males were more often infected than females. A. phagocytophilum infection probability first increased and then decreased with the age of individual without any difference between sexes. While these pathogens presumably pose a limited zoonotic risk to humans in Finland, they might have important interactions with other rodent pathogens and therefore affect infection dynamics of, for example, zoonotic pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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