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1. The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author

Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Hibar, Derrek P, Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Renteria, Miguel E, Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Martin, Nicholas G, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J, Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E, Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E, Bergmann, Ørjan, Binder, Elisabeth B, Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J, Bøen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I, Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J, Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M, Brunner, Han G, Brohawn, David G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R, Calhoun, Vince D, Cannon, Dara M, Cantor, Rita M, Carless, Melanie A, Caseras, Xavier, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Chakravarty, M Mallar, Chang, Kiki D, Ching, Christopher RK, Christoforou, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Coppola, Giovanni, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Curran, Joanne E, Czisch, Michael, Deary, Ian J, de Geus, Eco JC, den Braber, Anouk, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Depondt, Chantal, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Dima, Danai, Dimitrova, Rali, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dong, Hongwei, Donohoe, Gary, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dyer, Thomas D, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekman, Carl Johan, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Emsell, Louise, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fagerness, Jesen, Fears, Scott, Fedko, Iryna, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Foroud, Tatiana, Fox, Peter T, Francks, Clyde, Frangou, Sophia, Frey, Eva Maria, Frodl, Thomas, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Glahn, David C, Godlewska, Beata, Goldstein, Rita Z, Gollub, Randy L, and Grabe, Hans J

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Schizophrenia, Human Genome, Biomedical Imaging, Genetics, Mental Illness, Mental Health, Neurosciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Brain Mapping, Cooperative Behavior, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Neuroimaging, MRI, GWAS, Consortium, Meta-analysis, Multi-site, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, EPIGEN Consortium, IMAGEN Consortium, Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) Group, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

Published
2014

2. The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Smoller, Jordan, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Hibar, Derrek P, Vasquez, Alejandro A, Renteria, Miguel E, Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Martin, Nicholas G, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J, Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E, Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E, Bergmann, Ørjan, Binder, Elisabeth B, Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J, Bøen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I, Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J, Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M, Brunner, Han G, Brohawn, David G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R, Calhoun, Vince D, Cannon, Dara M, Cantor, Rita M, Carless, Melanie A, Caseras, Xavier, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Chakravarty, M. M, Chang, Kiki D, Ching, Christopher R K, Christoforou, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Coppola, Giovanni, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Curran, Joanne E, Czisch, Michael, Deary, Ian J, de Geus, Eco J C, den Braber, Anouk, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Depondt, Chantal, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Dima, Danai, Dimitrova, Rali, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dong, Hongwei, Donohoe, Gary, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dyer, Thomas D, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekman, Carl J, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Emsell, Louise, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fagerness, Jesen, Fears, Scott, Fedko, Iryna, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Foroud, Tatiana, Fox, Peter T, Francks, Clyde, Frangou, Sophia, Frey, Eva M, Frodl, Thomas, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Glahn, David C, Godlewska, Beata, Goldstein, Rita Z, Gollub, Randy L, Grabe, Hans J, Grimm, Oliver, Gruber, Oliver, Guadalupe, Tulio, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Göring, Harald H H, Hagenaars, Saskia, Hajek, Tomas, Hall, Geoffrey B, Hall, Jeremy, Hardy, John, Hartman, Catharina A, Hass, Johanna, Hatton, Sean N, Haukvik, Unn K, Hegenscheid, Katrin, Heinz, Andreas, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoehn, David, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hollinshead, Marisa, Holmes, Avram J, Homuth, Georg, Hoogman, Martine, Hong, L. E, Hosten, Norbert, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hwang, Kristy S, Jack, Clifford R, Jenkinson, Mark, Johnston, Caroline, Jönsson, Erik G, Kahn, René S, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kelly, Sinead, Kim, Sungeun, Kochunov, Peter, Koenders, Laura, Krämer, Bernd, Kwok, John B J, Lagopoulos, Jim, Laje, Gonzalo, Landen, Mikael, Landman, Bennett A, Lauriello, John, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lee, Phil H, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Lemaître, Herve, Leonardo, Cassandra D, Li, Chiang-shan, Liberg, Benny, Liewald, David C, Liu, Xinmin, Lopez, Lorna M, Loth, Eva, Lourdusamy, Anbarasu, Luciano, Michelle, Macciardi, Fabio, Machielsen, Marise W J, MacQueen, Glenda M, Malt, Ulrik F, Mandl, René, Manoach, Dara S, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Matarin, Mar, Mather, Karen A, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Francis J, McMahon, Katie L, Meisenzahl, Eva, Melle, Ingrid, Milaneschi, Yuri, Mohnke, Sebastian, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Derek W, Moses, Eric K, Mueller, Bryon A, Muñoz Maniega, Susana, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Mwangi, Benson, Nauck, Matthias, Nho, Kwangsik, Nichols, Thomas E, Nilsson, Lars-Göran, Nugent, Allison C, Nyberg, Lars, Olvera, Rene L, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A, Pandolfo, Massimo, Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, Melina, Papmeyer, Martina, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Pearlson, Godfrey D, Penninx, Brenda W, Peterson, Charles P, Pfennig, Andrea, Phillips, Mary, Pike, G. B, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Potkin, Steven G, Pütz, Benno, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Rasmussen, Jerod, Rietschel, Marcella, Rijpkema, Mark, Risacher, Shannon L, Roffman, Joshua L, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Rose, Emma J, Royle, Natalie A, Rujescu, Dan, Ryten, Mina, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salami, Alireza, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Savitz, Jonathan, Saykin, Andrew J, Scanlon, Cathy, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnack, Hugo G, Schork, Andrew J, Schulz, S. C, Schür, Remmelt, Seidman, Larry, Shen, Li, Shoemaker, Jody M, Simmons, Andrew, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Colin, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sprooten, Emma, Starr, John M, Steen, Vidar M, Strakowski, Stephen, Strike, Lachlan, Sussmann, Jessika, Sämann, Philipp G, Teumer, Alexander, Toga, Arthur W, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Trabzuni, Daniah, Trost, Sarah, Turner, Jessica, Van den Heuvel, Martijn, van der Wee, Nic J, van Eijk, Kristel, van Erp, Theo G M, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van ‘t Ent, Dennis, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, Veltman, Dick J, Versace, Amelia, Völzke, Henry, Walker, Robert, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Weale, Michael E, Weiner, Michael W, Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Whelan, Christopher D, White, Tonya, Winkler, Anderson M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Woldehawariat, Girma, Wolf, Christiane, Zilles, David, Zwiers, Marcel P, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Schofield, Peter R, Freimer, Nelson B, Lawrence, Natalia S, Drevets, Wayne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Smoller, Jordan, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Hibar, Derrek P, Vasquez, Alejandro A, Renteria, Miguel E, Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Martin, Nicholas G, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J, Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E, Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E, Bergmann, Ørjan, Binder, Elisabeth B, Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J, Bøen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I, Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J, Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M, Brunner, Han G, Brohawn, David G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R, Calhoun, Vince D, Cannon, Dara M, Cantor, Rita M, Carless, Melanie A, Caseras, Xavier, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Chakravarty, M. M, Chang, Kiki D, Ching, Christopher R K, Christoforou, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Coppola, Giovanni, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Curran, Joanne E, Czisch, Michael, Deary, Ian J, de Geus, Eco J C, den Braber, Anouk, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Depondt, Chantal, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Dima, Danai, Dimitrova, Rali, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dong, Hongwei, Donohoe, Gary, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dyer, Thomas D, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekman, Carl J, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Emsell, Louise, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fagerness, Jesen, Fears, Scott, Fedko, Iryna, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Foroud, Tatiana, Fox, Peter T, Francks, Clyde, Frangou, Sophia, Frey, Eva M, Frodl, Thomas, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Glahn, David C, Godlewska, Beata, Goldstein, Rita Z, Gollub, Randy L, Grabe, Hans J, Grimm, Oliver, Gruber, Oliver, Guadalupe, Tulio, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Göring, Harald H H, Hagenaars, Saskia, Hajek, Tomas, Hall, Geoffrey B, Hall, Jeremy, Hardy, John, Hartman, Catharina A, Hass, Johanna, Hatton, Sean N, Haukvik, Unn K, Hegenscheid, Katrin, Heinz, Andreas, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoehn, David, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hollinshead, Marisa, Holmes, Avram J, Homuth, Georg, Hoogman, Martine, Hong, L. E, Hosten, Norbert, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hwang, Kristy S, Jack, Clifford R, Jenkinson, Mark, Johnston, Caroline, Jönsson, Erik G, Kahn, René S, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kelly, Sinead, Kim, Sungeun, Kochunov, Peter, Koenders, Laura, Krämer, Bernd, Kwok, John B J, Lagopoulos, Jim, Laje, Gonzalo, Landen, Mikael, Landman, Bennett A, Lauriello, John, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lee, Phil H, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Lemaître, Herve, Leonardo, Cassandra D, Li, Chiang-shan, Liberg, Benny, Liewald, David C, Liu, Xinmin, Lopez, Lorna M, Loth, Eva, Lourdusamy, Anbarasu, Luciano, Michelle, Macciardi, Fabio, Machielsen, Marise W J, MacQueen, Glenda M, Malt, Ulrik F, Mandl, René, Manoach, Dara S, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Matarin, Mar, Mather, Karen A, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Francis J, McMahon, Katie L, Meisenzahl, Eva, Melle, Ingrid, Milaneschi, Yuri, Mohnke, Sebastian, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Derek W, Moses, Eric K, Mueller, Bryon A, Muñoz Maniega, Susana, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Mwangi, Benson, Nauck, Matthias, Nho, Kwangsik, Nichols, Thomas E, Nilsson, Lars-Göran, Nugent, Allison C, Nyberg, Lars, Olvera, Rene L, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A, Pandolfo, Massimo, Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, Melina, Papmeyer, Martina, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Pearlson, Godfrey D, Penninx, Brenda W, Peterson, Charles P, Pfennig, Andrea, Phillips, Mary, Pike, G. B, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Potkin, Steven G, Pütz, Benno, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Rasmussen, Jerod, Rietschel, Marcella, Rijpkema, Mark, Risacher, Shannon L, Roffman, Joshua L, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Rose, Emma J, Royle, Natalie A, Rujescu, Dan, Ryten, Mina, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salami, Alireza, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Savitz, Jonathan, Saykin, Andrew J, Scanlon, Cathy, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnack, Hugo G, Schork, Andrew J, Schulz, S. C, Schür, Remmelt, Seidman, Larry, Shen, Li, Shoemaker, Jody M, Simmons, Andrew, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Colin, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sprooten, Emma, Starr, John M, Steen, Vidar M, Strakowski, Stephen, Strike, Lachlan, Sussmann, Jessika, Sämann, Philipp G, Teumer, Alexander, Toga, Arthur W, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Trabzuni, Daniah, Trost, Sarah, Turner, Jessica, Van den Heuvel, Martijn, van der Wee, Nic J, van Eijk, Kristel, van Erp, Theo G M, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van ‘t Ent, Dennis, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, Veltman, Dick J, Versace, Amelia, Völzke, Henry, Walker, Robert, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Weale, Michael E, Weiner, Michael W, Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Whelan, Christopher D, White, Tonya, Winkler, Anderson M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Woldehawariat, Girma, Wolf, Christiane, Zilles, David, Zwiers, Marcel P, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Schofield, Peter R, Freimer, Nelson B, Lawrence, Natalia S, and Drevets, Wayne

Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA’s first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

Published
2017

3. The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author

Thompson, Paul M., Stein, Jason L., Medland, Sarah E., Hibar, Derrek P., Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Renteria, Miguel E., Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J., Martin, Nicholas G., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C., Andreassen, Ole A., Apostolova, Liana G., Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J., Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E., Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E., Bergmann, Orjan, Binder, Elisabeth B., Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J., Boen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I., Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J., Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M., Brunner, Han G., Brohawn, David G., Buckner, Randy L., Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R., Calhoun, Vince D., Hartman, Catharina A., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Penninx, Brenda W., Schmaal, Lianne, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), and Life Course Epidemiology (LCE)

Subjects
DISEASE RISK VARIANT, endocrine system, QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, Multi-site, MULTIVARIATE PARALLEL ICA, HUMAN BRAIN STRUCTURE, BODY-MASS INDEX, Meta-analysis, VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY, WHITE-MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE, TENSOR-BASED MORPHOMETRY, Genetics, CORTICAL SURFACE-AREA, GWAS, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Consortium, MRI
Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

Published
2014

4. The ENIGMA Consortium:large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author

Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Hibar, Derrek P, Vasquez, Alejandro Arias, Renteria, Miguel E, Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Martin, Nicholas G, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J, Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E, Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E, Bergmann, Orjan, Binder, Elisabeth B, Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J, Bøen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I, Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J, Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M, Brunner, Han G, Brohawn, David G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R, Calhoun, Vince D, Cannon, Dara M, Cantor, Rita M, Carless, Melanie A, Caseras, Xavier, and Mattheisen, Manuel

Subjects
endocrine system
Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

Published
2014

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