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624 results on '"Bower, William A."'

1. CDC Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax, 2023.

Author

Bower, William, Yu, Yon, Person, Marissa, Parker, Corinne, Kennedy, Jordan, Sue, David, Hesse, Elisabeth, Cook, Rachel, Bulitta, Jürgen, Karchmer, Adolf, Ward, Robert, Cato, Shana, Stephens, Kevin, Hendricks, Katherine, and Bradley, John

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Female, Child, Pregnancy, United States, Anthrax, Anthrax Vaccines, Bacillus anthracis, Anti-Infective Agents, Antitoxins, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Aerosols, Meningitis
Abstract

THIS REPORT UPDATES PREVIOUS CDC GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON PREFERRED PREVENTION AND TREATMENT REGIMENS REGARDING NATURALLY OCCURRING ANTHRAX. ALSO PROVIDED ARE A WIDE RANGE OF ALTERNATIVE REGIMENS TO FIRST-LINE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS FOR USE IF PATIENTS HAVE CONTRAINDICATIONS OR INTOLERANCES OR AFTER A WIDE-AREA AEROSOL RELEASE OF: Bacillus anthracis spores if resources become limited or a multidrug-resistant B. anthracis strain is used (Hendricks KA, Wright ME, Shadomy SV, et al.; Workgroup on Anthrax Clinical Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:e130687; Meaney-Delman D, Rasmussen SA, Beigi RH, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:885-900; Bradley JS, Peacock G, Krug SE, et al. Pediatric anthrax clinical management. Pediatrics 2014;133:e1411-36). Specifically, this report updates antimicrobial drug and antitoxin use for both postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment from these previous guidelines best practices and is based on systematic reviews of the literature regarding 1) in vitro antimicrobial drug activity against B. anthracis; 2) in vivo antimicrobial drug efficacy for PEP and treatment; 3) in vivo and human antitoxin efficacy for PEP, treatment, or both; and 4) human survival after antimicrobial drug PEP and treatment of localized anthrax, systemic anthrax, and anthrax meningitis. CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS CDC GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS INCLUDE AN EXPANDED LIST OF ALTERNATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS TO USE WHEN FIRST-LINE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ARE CONTRAINDICATED OR NOT TOLERATED OR AFTER A BIOTERRORISM EVENT WHEN FIRST-LINE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ARE DEPLETED OR INEFFECTIVE AGAINST A GENETICALLY ENGINEERED RESISTANT: B. anthracis strain. In addition, these updated guidelines include new recommendations regarding special considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of anthrax meningitis, including comorbid, social, and clinical predictors of anthrax meningitis. The previously published CDC guidelines and recommendations described potentially beneficial critical care measures and clinical assessment tools and procedures for persons with anthrax, which have not changed and are not addressed in this update. In addition, no changes were made to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for use of anthrax vaccine (Bower WA, Schiffer J, Atmar RL, et al. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019. MMWR Recomm Rep 2019;68[No. RR-4]:1-14). The updated guidelines in this report can be used by health care providers to prevent and treat anthrax and guide emergency preparedness officials and planners as they develop and update plans for a wide-area aerosol release of B. anthracis.

Published
2023

2. Treatment of Mpox with Suspected Tecovirimat Resistance in Immunocompromised Patient, United States, 2022

Author

Contag, Caitlin A., Mische, Leah, Fong, Isabel, Karan, Abraar, Vaidya, Akanksha, McCormick, David W., Bower, William, Hacker, Jill K., Johnson, Kelly, SanJuan, Perla, Crebbin, Linda, Temmins, Caroline, Sahni, Harleen, Bogler, Yael, Cooper, Joseph D., and Narasimhan, Supriya

Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration, Infection control -- Health aspects, Infection -- Care and treatment, Methicillin -- Health aspects, Drug approval -- Health aspects, Emtricitabine -- Health aspects, Viral proteins -- Health aspects, Health, Stanford University. School of Medicine
Abstract

Tecovirimat is an antiviral drug approved in 2018 by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat orthopoxvirus infection. Tecovirimat inhibits orthopoxvirus viral protein (VP) 37, which is involved [...]

Published
2023
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4. Anthrax on a Sheep Farm in Winter--Texas, December 2023-January 2024

Author

Thompson, Julie M., Spencer, Kelly, Maass, Melissa, Rollo, Susan, Beesley, Cari A., Marston, Chung K., Hoffmaster, Alex R., Bower, William A., Candela, Maribel Gallegos, Barr, John R., Boyer, Anne E., Weiner, Zachary P., Negron, Maria E., Swaney, Erin, and O'Sullivan, Briana

Subjects
Zoonoses, Anthrax, Livestock farms, Health
Abstract

Anthrax is a rare but serious infectious zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. In North America, animal outbreaks typically occur during summer in hot, dry weather (1). [...]

Published
2024

5. Notes from the Field: Anthrax on a Sheep Farm in Winter — Texas, December 2023–January 2024

Author

Thompson, Julie M., primary, Spencer, Kelly, additional, Maass, Melissa, additional, Rollo, Susan, additional, Beesley, Cari A., additional, Marston, Chung K., additional, Hoffmaster, Alex R., additional, Bower, William A., additional, Candela, Maribel Gallegos, additional, Barr, John R., additional, Boyer, Anne E., additional, Weiner, Zachary P., additional, Negrón, María E., additional, Swaney, Erin, additional, and O’Sullivan, Briana, additional

Published
2024
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6. Human Melioidosis Caused by Novel Transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Freshwater Home Aquarium, United States

Author

Dawson, Patrick, Duwell, Monique M., Elrod, Mindy G., Thompson, Ruth J., Crum, David A., Jacobs, Ruth M., Gee, Jay E., Kolton, Cari B., Liu, Lindy, Blaney, David D., Thomas, LaToya Griffin, Sockwell, Denise, Weiner, Zachary, Bower, William A., Hoffmaster, Alex R., and Salzer, Johanna S.

Subjects
Aquariums (Tanks) -- Case studies -- Health aspects, Pseudomonas infections -- Case studies -- Causes of, Disease transmission -- Case studies -- Causes of, Health
Abstract

Melioidosis is a severe, potentially life-threatening bacterial disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacterium found in water and soil in tropical and subtropical environments worldwide (1). Melioidosis might manifest [...]

Published
2021
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7. High Case-Fatality Rate for Human Anthrax, Northern Ghana, 2005-2016

Author

Blackburn, Jason K., Kenu, Ernest, Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin, Sarkodie, Badu, Kracalik, Ian T., Bower, William A., Stoddard, Robyn A., and Traxler, Rita M.

Subjects
Mortality -- Analysis -- Ghana, Anthrax -- Analysis -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract

Despite being one of the earliest diseases described, anthrax, caused by infection with the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, remains a global public health concern, especially in resource-limited, rural agricultural areas, including [...]

Published
2021
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8. Central Nervous System Antimicrobial Exposure and Proposed Dosing for Anthrax Meningitis

Author

Bradley, John S, primary, Bulitta, Jürgen B, additional, Cook, Rachel, additional, Yu, Patricia A, additional, Iwamoto, Chelsea, additional, Hesse, Elisabeth M, additional, Chaney, Danielle, additional, Yu, Yon, additional, Kennedy, Jordan L, additional, Sue, David, additional, Karchmer, Adolf W, additional, Bower, William A, additional, and Hendricks, Katherine, additional

Published
2024
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11. Radiation damage in silicate mineral systems and the characterisation of a spent nuclear fuel pond wall

Author

Bower, William

Subjects
363.17, spent fuel pond, geological disposal facility, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, phyllosilicates, radiation damage
Abstract

The safety case for a proposed geological disposal facility (GDF) for radioactive wastes relies upon a series of engineered and natural barrier systems to limit the migration of harmful radionuclides into the geosphere over geological timescales. Natural minerals, dominantly phyllosilicates, are expected to be the most reactive components of both the host rock and the clay-based backfill surrounding the highly radioactive waste canisters for as long as 100,000 years. Upon eventual canister degradation, alpha-emitting radionuclides will leach into the backfill material (and eventually beyond) and the constituent mineral systems will accumulate radiation damage upon radionuclide uptake and/or surface precipitation. The following study is an assessment of the structural and chemical effects caused by alpha-particle bombardment of silicate minerals, as proxies for the radiation stability of natural materials present in the near and far field of a GDF.Microscopy and spectroscopy studies from naturally occurring radiation damage accumulated in silicates over geological timescales (forming distinct 'radiohaloes') have shown that both alpha-particle and alpha-recoil bombardment results in altered unit cell dimensions caused by the accumulation of point (Frenkel) defects. In the example of highly damaged biotite, structural breakdown through the reorientation of discrete lattice crystallites was observed; the variability of the interlayer spacing within these regions reveal the potential for damaged mica to adopt the structure of phyllosilicate breakdown products over geological time. Controlled alpha-particle irradiation using the Dalton Cumbrian Facility's 5 MV tandem pelletron ion accelerator, combined with microfocus spectroscopy analysis has revealed the mechanisms of high fluence alpha-radiation damage across 2:1 phyllosilicate minerals (biotite and chlorite); reducing the layered structures into a series of loosely connected domains of alternating lattice expansion and collapse. Radiation induced Fe redox changes have been revealed, with Fe reduction apparent at relatively low alpha-particle doses, giving way to Fe oxidation at high doses. A 'redox gradient', based on alpha-particle energy deposition through a silicate structure has therefore been proposed. In addition, the increase in 'edge' sites generated by structural deformation has been shown to be favourable for the adsorption of the Se(IV) oxyanion to the mica surface. Comprising a body of additional work, a core sample has been extracted from a spent nuclear fuel pond wall at the decommissioned Hunterston A nuclear power station and the radioactive contamination on the painted core surface has been analysed by microfocus spectroscopy. The contaminant radiostrontium has been shown to be associated with the Ti rich pigment in the surface paint, resulting in a 'patchy' accumulation of radioactivity at the core surface. In addition, inert Cs reactivity experiments using the underlying concrete have shown that Cs is preferentially uptaken by phyllosilicates within the altered mafic clasts used in the concrete aggregate.

Published
2015

12. Control and Prevention of Anthrax, Texas, USA, 2019

Author

Sidwa, Tom, Salzer, Johanna S., Traxler, Rita, Swaney, Erin, Sims, Marcus L., Bradshaw, Pam, O'Sullivan, Briana J., Parker, Kathy, Waldrup, Kenneth A., Bower, William A., and Hendricks, Kate

Subjects
Texas -- Health aspects, Zoonoses -- Control -- Prevention, Anthrax -- Control -- Prevention, Health
Abstract

The zoonotic disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, has been known to humankind for thousands of years and is endemic to most continents (1-3). It is a naturally [...]

Published
2020
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13. Melioidosis in a Resident of Texas with No Recent Travel History, United States

Author

Cossaboom, Caitlin M., Marinova-Petkova, Atanaska, Strysko, Jonathan, Rodriguez, Gretchen, Maness, Trevor, Ocampo, Jaime, Gee, Jay E., Elrod, Mindy G., Gulvik, Christopher A., Liu, Lindy, Bower, William A., Hoffmaster, Alex R., Blaney, David D., Salzer, Johanna S., Yoder, Jonathan S., Mattioli, Mia C., Sidwa, Thomas J., Ringsdorf, Lillian, Morrow, Gale, Ledezma, Elvia, and Kieffer, Amanda

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, Texas. Department of State Health Services -- Analysis, Pseudomonas infections -- Analysis, Type 2 diabetes -- Analysis, Diabetes therapy -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Burkholderia pseudomallei, which causes melioidosis, is a gram-negative saprophytic bacterium endemic to tropical and subtropical environments worldwide; to our knowledge, isolation from the continental United States has not been reported [...]

Published
2020
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14. Case Series of Fatal Leptospira spp./Dengue Virus Co-Infections—Puerto Rico, 2010–2012

Author

Rodríguez, Nicole M Pérez, Galloway, Renee, Blau, Dianna M, Traxler, Rita, Bhatnagar, Julu, Zaki, Sherif R, Rivera, Aidsa, Torres, Jose V, Noyd, David, Santiago-Albizu, Xavier E, García, Brenda Rivera, Tomashek, Kay M, Bower, William A, and Sharp, Tyler M

Subjects
Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 7.3 Management and decision making, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Management of diseases and conditions, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Coinfection, Dengue, Dengue Virus, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Leptospira, Leptospirosis, Male, Middle Aged, Puerto Rico, Steroids, Young Adult, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine
Abstract

Co-infection with pathogens that cause acute febrile illness creates a diagnostic challenge as a result of overlapping clinical manifestations. Here, we describe four fatal cases of Leptospira species/dengue virus co-infection in Puerto Rico. Although all patients sought care early, antibiotic administration was delayed for most. Steroids were administered to all patients, in most cases before antibiotics. These cases show the need for clinicians evaluating patients in or recently returned from the tropics with acute febrile illness to consider both dengue and leptospirosis. Furthermore, they illustrate the need for nucleic acid- or antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests to enable timely patient diagnosis and management. In particular, antibiotic therapy should be initiated early for patients with suspected leptospirosis, and steroids should not be administered to patients with suspected dengue.

Published
2014

16. Locally Acquired Melioidosis Linked to Environment — Mississippi, 2020–2023

Author

Petras, Julia K., primary, Elrod, Mindy G., additional, Ty, Maureen C., additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, O’Laughlin, Kevin, additional, Gee, Jay E., additional, Hanson, Jennifer, additional, Boutwell, Carla, additional, Ainsworth, Gail, additional, Beesley, Cari A., additional, Saile, Elke, additional, Tiller, Rebekah, additional, Gulvik, Christopher A., additional, Ware, Daphne, additional, Sokol, Theresa, additional, Balsamo, Gary, additional, Taylor, Kathryn, additional, Salzer, Johanna S., additional, Bower, William A., additional, Weiner, Zachary P., additional, Negrón, María E., additional, Hoffmaster, Alex R., additional, and Byers, Paul, additional

Published
2023
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17. Anthrax Epizootic in Wildlife, Bwabwata National Park, Namibia, 2017

Author

Cossaboom, Caitlin M., Khaiseb, Siegfried, Haufiku, Bernard, Katjiuanjo, Puumue, Kannyinga, Apollinaris, Mbai, Kaiser, Shuro, Thompson, Hausiku, Jonas, Likando, Annety, Shikesho, Rebekka, Nyarko, Kofi, Miller, Leigh Ann, Agolory, Simon, Vieira, Antonio R., Salzer, Johanna S., Bower, William A., Campbell, Lindsay, Kolton, Cari B., Marston, Chung, Gary, Joy, Bollweg, Brigid C., Zaki, Sherif R., Hoffmaster, Alex, and Walke, Henry

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anthrax -- Prevention -- Health aspects, Meat -- Health aspects, Zoonoses -- Prevention -- Health aspects, National parks -- Health aspects, Parks, Wildlife, Public health, Health
Abstract

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is a naturally occurring zoonotic disease of veterinary and public health importance. Anthrax has been reported in wildlife and domestic animals worldwide and can spill [...]

Published
2019
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20. Melioidosis in Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca Fascicularis ) Imported to the United States from Cambodia

Author

Taetzsch, Sara J, Swaney, Erin M, Gee, Jay E, Hidalgo, Pablo M, Broussard, Kelly R, Martines, Roosecelis B, Blaney, David D, Galland, G Gale, Gulvik, Christopher A, Marston, Chung K, Liu, Lindy, Elrod, Mindy G, DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene, Tyler, Ronald D, Bower, William A, Bhatnager, Julu, Brown, Clive M, Pieracci, Emily G, and Weiner, Zachary P

Subjects
Case Studies, General Veterinary, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Melioidosis, a potentially fatal infectious disease of humans and animals, including nonhuman primates (NHPs), is caused by the high-consequence pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. This environmental bacterium is found in the soil and water of tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, where melioidosis is endemic. The global movement of humans and animals can introduce B. pseudomallei into nonendemic regions of the United States, where environmental conditions could allow establishment of the organism. Approximately 60% of NHPs imported into the United States originate in countries considered endemic for melioidosis. To prevent the introduction of infectious agents to the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requires newly imported NHPs to be quarantined for at least 31 d, during which time their health is closely monitored. Most diseases of public health concern that are transmissible from imported NHPs have relatively short incubation periods that fall within the 31-d quarantine period. However, animals infected with B. pseudomallei may appear healthy for months to years before showing signs of illness, during which time they can shed the organism into the environment. Melioidosis presents diagnostic challenges because it causes nonspecific clinical signs, serologic screening can produce unreliable results, and culture isolates are often misidentified on rapid commercial testing systems. Here, we present a case of melioidosis in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) that developed a subcutaneous abscess after importation from Cambodia to the United States. The bacterial isolate from the abscess was initially misidentified on a commercial test. This case emphasizes the possibility of melioidosis in NHPs imported from endemic countries and its associated diagnostic challenges. If melioidosis is suspected, diagnostic samples and culture isolates should be submitted to a laboratory in the CDC Laboratory Response Network for conclusive identification and characterization of the pathogen.

Published
2022
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22. Exposures to Mpox Among Cases in Children Aged [less than or equal to] 12 Years--United States, September 25-December 31, 2022

Author

Nemechek, Kaylea, Stefanos, Ruth, Miller, Erin L., Riser, Aspen, Kebede, Bethel, Galang, Romeo R., Hufstetler, Kaitlin, Descamps, Denisse, Balenger, Adelaide, Hennessee, Ian, Neelam, Varsha, Hutchins, Helena J., Labuda, Sarah M., Davis, K. Meryl, McCormick, David W., Marx, Grace E., Kimball, Anne, Ruberto, Irene, Williamson, Thomas, Rzucidlo, Paul, Willut, Christina, Harold, Rachel E., Mangla, Anil T., English, Andrew, Brikshavana, Danucha, Blanding, Justin, Kim, Moon, Finn, Lauren E., Marutani, Amy, Lockwood, Maura, Johnson, Shannon, Ditto, Nicole, Wilton, Sara, Edmond, Tara, Stokich, Denise, Shinall, Amanda, Alravez, Bryanna, Crawley, Addie, Nambiar, Atmaram, Gateley, Emily L., Schuman, Julie, White, Stephen L., Davis, Kenneth, Milleron, Rania, Mendez, Minerva, Kawakami, Vance, Segaloff, Hannah E., Bower, William A., Ellington, Sascha R., McCollum, Andrea M., and Pao, Leah Zilversmit

Subjects
Health
Abstract

During May 17--December 31, 2022, 125 probable or confirmed U.S. monkeypox (mpox) ([dagger]) cases were reported among patients aged During September 25--December 31, 2022, 17 children aged [less than or [...]

Published
2023

23. A Call to Action for Mycetoma

Author

Beer, Karlyn D., Blaney, David D., Kadzik, Melissa, Asiedu, Kingsley B., Shieh, Wun-Ju, Bower, William, Jackson, Brendan R., Walke, Henry, and Chiller, Tom

Published
2018
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24. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Mpox-Associated Deaths — United States, May 10, 2022–March 7, 2023

Author

Riser, Aspen P., primary, Hanley, Allison, additional, Cima, Michael, additional, Lewis, Linda, additional, Saadeh, Kayla, additional, Alarcón, Jemma, additional, Finn, Lauren, additional, Kim, Moon, additional, Adams, Jeremy, additional, Holt, Douglas, additional, Feldpausch, Amanda, additional, Pavlick, Jessica, additional, English, Andrew, additional, Smith, Marguerite, additional, Rehman, Tyler, additional, Lubelchek, Ronald, additional, Black, Stephanie, additional, Collins, Matthew, additional, Mounsey, Layne, additional, Blythe, David, additional, Avalos, Meredith Hodach, additional, Lee, Ellen H., additional, Samson, Olivia, additional, Wong, Marcia, additional, Stokich, B. Denise, additional, Salehi, Ellen, additional, Denny, Lynn, additional, Waller, Kirsten, additional, Talley, Pamela, additional, Schuman, Julie, additional, Fischer, Michael, additional, White, Stephen, additional, Davis, Kenneth, additional, Caeser Cuyler, Ashley, additional, Sabzwari, Rabeeya, additional, Anderson, Robert N., additional, Byrd, Katrina, additional, Gold, Jeremy A. W., additional, Kindilien, Shannon, additional, Lee, James T., additional, O’Connor, Siobhán, additional, O’Shea, Jesse, additional, Salmon-Trejo, LaTweika A. T., additional, Velazquez-Kronen, Raquel, additional, Zelaya, Carla, additional, Bower, William, additional, Ellington, Sascha, additional, Gundlapalli, Adi V., additional, McCollum, Andrea M., additional, Zilversmit Pao, Leah, additional, Rao, Agam K., additional, Wong, Karen K., additional, and Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J., additional

Published
2023
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26. Vadose-zone alteration of metaschoepite and ceramic UO2 in Savannah River Site field lysimeters

Author

Fallon, Connaugh M., primary, Bower, William R., additional, Powell, Brian A., additional, Livens, Francis R., additional, Lyon, Ian C., additional, McNulty, Alana E., additional, Peruski, Kathryn, additional, Mosselmans, J. Frederick W., additional, Kaplan, Daniel I., additional, Grolimund, Daniel, additional, Warnicke, Peter, additional, Ferreira-Sanchez, Dario, additional, Kauppi, Marja Siitari, additional, Vettese, Gianni F., additional, Shaw, Samuel, additional, Morris, Katherine, additional, and Law, Gareth T.W., additional

Published
2023
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27. Additional file 1 of Investigating the etiology of acute febrile illness: a prospective clinic-based study in Uganda

Author

Kigozi, Brian K., Kharod, Grishma A., Bukenya, Henry, Shadomy, Sean V., Haberling, Dana L., Stoddard, Robyn A., Galloway, Renee L., Tushabe, Phionah, Nankya, Annet, Nsibambi, Thomas, Mbidde, Edward Katongole, Lutwama, Julius J., Perniciaro, Jamie L., Nicholson, William L., Bower, William A., Bwogi, Josephine, and Blaney, David D.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Recruitment strategy of AFI study participants based on malaria cases in 2007.

Published
2023
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28. Additional file 4 of Investigating the etiology of acute febrile illness: a prospective clinic-based study in Uganda

Author

Kigozi, Brian K., Kharod, Grishma A., Bukenya, Henry, Shadomy, Sean V., Haberling, Dana L., Stoddard, Robyn A., Galloway, Renee L., Tushabe, Phionah, Nankya, Annet, Nsibambi, Thomas, Mbidde, Edward Katongole, Lutwama, Julius J., Perniciaro, Jamie L., Nicholson, William L., Bower, William A., Bwogi, Josephine, and Blaney, David D.

Abstract

Additional file 4: Table S4. Diagnoses by age-group distribution, April 2011 to January 2013.

Published
2023
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29. Additional file 2 of Investigating the etiology of acute febrile illness: a prospective clinic-based study in Uganda

Author

Kigozi, Brian K., Kharod, Grishma A., Bukenya, Henry, Shadomy, Sean V., Haberling, Dana L., Stoddard, Robyn A., Galloway, Renee L., Tushabe, Phionah, Nankya, Annet, Nsibambi, Thomas, Mbidde, Edward Katongole, Lutwama, Julius J., Perniciaro, Jamie L., Nicholson, William L., Bower, William A., Bwogi, Josephine, and Blaney, David D.

Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S2. Age-group distribution of AFI study participants, April 2011 to January 2013.

Published
2023
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30. Additional file 3 of Investigating the etiology of acute febrile illness: a prospective clinic-based study in Uganda

Author

Kigozi, Brian K., Kharod, Grishma A., Bukenya, Henry, Shadomy, Sean V., Haberling, Dana L., Stoddard, Robyn A., Galloway, Renee L., Tushabe, Phionah, Nankya, Annet, Nsibambi, Thomas, Mbidde, Edward Katongole, Lutwama, Julius J., Perniciaro, Jamie L., Nicholson, William L., Bower, William A., Bwogi, Josephine, and Blaney, David D.

Abstract

Additional file 3: Table S3. Effect of loss to follow-up on study validity.

Published
2023
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31. Analysis of anthrax immune globulin intravenous with antimicrobial treatment in injection drug users, Scotland, 2009-2010

Author

Cui, Xizhong, Nolen, Leisha D., Sun, Junfeng, Booth, Malcolm, Donaldson, Lindsay, Quinn, Conrad P., Boyer, Anne E., Hendricks, Katherine, Shadomy, Sean, Bothma, Pieter, Judd, Owen, McConnell, Paul, Bower, William A., and Eichacker, Peter Q.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Immunization -- Usage, Bacillus anthracis -- Dosage and administration, Health
Abstract

Bacillus anthracis is identified as a select agent subject J-J to select agent regulations (1-3) and as a potential bio-weapon that presents a high risk to the US public (4,5). [...]

Published
2017
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32. Modeling tool for decision support during early days of an anthrax event

Author

Rainisch, Gabriel, Meltzer, Martin I., Shadomy, Sean, Bower, William A., and Hupert, Nathaniel

Subjects
Anthrax -- Care and treatment -- Case studies, Inhalers -- Usage, Health
Abstract

Population exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores is one of the most potentially catastrophic public health emergencies (1). The 2001 US anthrax attack, in which inhalation anthrax (IA) affected 11 [...]

Published
2017
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36. Contact Investigation of Melioidosis Cases Reveals Regional Endemicity in Puerto Rico

Author

Doker, Thomas J., Sharp, Tyler M., Rivera-Garcia, Brenda, Perez-Padilla, Janice, Benoit, Tina J., Ellis, Esther M., Elrod, Mindy G., Gee, Jay E., Shieh, Wun-Ju, Beesley, Cari A., Ryff, Kyle R., Traxler, Rita M., Galloway, Renee L., Haberling, Dana L., Waller, Lance A., Shadomy, Sean V., Bower, William A., Hoffmaster, Alex R., Walke, Henry T., and Blaney, David D.

Published
2015

37. Notes from the Field: Burkholderia pseudomallei Detected in a Raccoon Carcass Linked to a Multistate Aromatherapy-Associated Melioidosis Outbreak — Texas, 2022

Author

Petras, Julia K., primary, Elrod, Mindy G., additional, Ty, Maureen, additional, Adams, Pratistha, additional, Zahner, Dan, additional, Adams, Adam, additional, Calfee, M. Worth, additional, Tomlinson, Christine, additional, Serre, Shannon, additional, Ryan, Shawn, additional, Jakabhazy, Elise, additional, Gee, Jay E., additional, Weiner, Zachary, additional, Bower, William A., additional, Negron, Maria E., additional, Hoffmaster, Alex R., additional, and Honza, Heidi, additional

Published
2022
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39. Welder’s Anthrax: A Tale of 2 Cases

Author

Hendricks, Katherine, primary, Martines, Roosecelis Brasil, additional, Bielamowicz, Hannah, additional, Boyer, Anne E, additional, Long, Stephen, additional, Byers, Paul, additional, Stoddard, Robyn A, additional, Taylor, Kathryn, additional, Kolton, Cari Beesley, additional, Gallegos-Candela, Maribel, additional, Roberts, Christine, additional, DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene, additional, Salzer, Johanna, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, Brown, Dannette, additional, Templeton-LeBouf, Lindsey, additional, Maves, Ryan C, additional, Gulvik, Chris, additional, Lonsway, David, additional, Barr, John R, additional, Bower, William A, additional, and Hoffmaster, Alex, additional

Published
2022
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41. Risk Factors for Severe Cutaneous Anthrax in a Retrospective Case Series and Use of a Clinical Algorithm to Identify Likely Meningitis and Evaluate Treatment Outcomes, Kyrgyz Republic, 2005–2012

Author

Kutmanova, Ainura, primary, Zholdoshev, Saparbai, additional, Roguski, Katherine M, additional, Sholpanbay uulu, Melis, additional, Person, Marissa K, additional, Cook, Rachel, additional, Bugrysheva, Julia, additional, Nadol, Patrick, additional, Buranchieva, Aisuluu, additional, Imanbaeva, Lira, additional, Dzhangazieva, Ainura, additional, Bower, William A, additional, and Hendricks, Katherine, additional

Published
2022
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44. Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacillus anthracis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Animal Models, 1947–2019

Author

Kennedy, Jordan L, primary, Bulitta, Jürgen B, additional, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, additional, Person, Marissa K, additional, Cook, Rachel, additional, Mongkolrattanothai, Thitipong, additional, Shin, Eunjeong, additional, Yu, Patricia, additional, Negron, Maria E, additional, Bower, William A, additional, and Hendricks, Katherine, additional

Published
2022
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47. Personal Protective Equipment and Risk Exposure Characterization for Naturally Occurring Anthrax

Author

Vieira, Antonio R., primary, Traxler, Rita M., additional, Salzer, Johanna, additional, Hendricks, Kate, additional, Melissa, Kadzik, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, Cossaboom, Caitlin M., additional, Weiner, Zachary, additional, Marston, Chung K., additional, Kolton, Cari B., additional, Stoddard, Robyn A., additional, Ivey, Melissa, additional, Walke, Henry T., additional, Hoffmaster, Alex R., additional, and Bower, William A., additional

Published
2022
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49. Epidemiologic Investigation of Two Welder’s Anthrax Cases Caused by Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria: Occupational Link Established by Environmental Detection

Author

Dawson, Patrick, primary, Salzer, Johanna S., additional, Schrodt, Caroline A., additional, Feldmann, Karl, additional, Kolton, Cari B., additional, Gee, Jay E., additional, Marston, Chung K., additional, Gulvik, Christopher A., additional, Elrod, Mindy G., additional, Villarma, Aaron, additional, Traxler, Rita M., additional, Negrón, María E., additional, Hendricks, Kate A., additional, Moulton-Meissner, Heather, additional, Rose, Laura J., additional, Byers, Paul, additional, Taylor, Kathryn, additional, Ware, Daphne, additional, Balsamo, Gary A., additional, Sokol, Theresa, additional, Barrett, Bret, additional, Payne, Erica, additional, Zaheer, Saad, additional, Jung, Ga On, additional, Long, Stephen, additional, Quijano, Ricardo, additional, LeBouf, Lindsey, additional, O’Sullivan, Briana, additional, Swaney, Erin, additional, Antonini, James M., additional, de Perio, Marie A., additional, Weiner, Zachary, additional, Bower, William A., additional, and Hoffmaster, Alex R., additional

Published
2022
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50. Investigating the etiology of acute febrile illness: a prospective clinic-based study in Uganda.

Author

Kigozi, Brian K., Kharod, Grishma A., Bukenya, Henry, Shadomy, Sean V., Haberling, Dana L., Stoddard, Robyn A., Galloway, Renee L., Tushabe, Phionah, Nankya, Annet, Nsibambi, Thomas, Mbidde, Edward Katongole, Lutwama, Julius J., Perniciaro, Jamie L., Nicholson, William L., Bower, William A., Bwogi, Josephine, and Blaney, David D.

Subjects
ACUTE diseases, ETIOLOGY of diseases, RAPID diagnostic tests, ARBOVIRUS diseases, WEST Nile virus, TYPHOID fever, DENGUE hemorrhagic fever
Abstract

Background: Historically, malaria has been the predominant cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in sub-Saharan Africa. However, during the last two decades, malaria incidence has declined due to concerted public health control efforts, including the widespread use of rapid diagnostic tests leading to increased recognition of non-malarial AFI etiologies. Our understanding of non-malarial AFI is limited due to lack of laboratory diagnostic capacity. We aimed to determine the etiology of AFI in three distinct regions of Uganda. Methods: A prospective clinic-based study that enrolled participants from April 2011 to January 2013 using standard diagnostic tests. Participant recruitment was from St. Paul's Health Centre (HC) IV, Ndejje HC IV, and Adumi HC IV in the western, central and northern regions, which differ by climate, environment, and population density. A Pearson's chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical variables, while a two-sample t-test and Krukalis-Wallis test were used for continuous variables. Results: Of the 1281 participants, 450 (35.1%), 382 (29.8%), and 449 (35.1%) were recruited from the western, central, and northern regions, respectively. The median age (range) was 18 (2–93) years; 717 (56%) of the participants were female. At least one AFI pathogen was identified in 1054 (82.3%) participants; one or more non-malarial AFI pathogens were identified in 894 (69.8%) participants. The non-malarial AFI pathogens identified were chikungunya virus, 716 (55.9%); Spotted Fever Group rickettsia (SFGR), 336 (26.2%) and Typhus Group rickettsia (TGR), 97 (7.6%); typhoid fever (TF), 74 (5.8%); West Nile virus, 7 (0.5%); dengue virus, 10 (0.8%) and leptospirosis, 2 (0.2%) cases. No cases of brucellosis were identified. Malaria was diagnosed either concurrently or alone in 404 (31.5%) and 160 (12.5%) participants, respectively. In 227 (17.7%) participants, no cause of infection was identified. There were statistically significant differences in the occurrence and distribution of TF, TGR and SFGR, with TF and TGR observed more frequently in the western region (p = 0.001; p < 0.001) while SFGR in the northern region (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Malaria, arboviral infections, and rickettsioses are major causes of AFI in Uganda. Development of a Multiplexed Point-of-Care test would help identify the etiology of non-malarial AFI in regions with high AFI rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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