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In this paper we present an approach between the conceptions of choice in Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). The purpose is to offer elements for a reflection on the permanency of essentially human characteristics under quite different historical - and theoretical - conditions. The analysis follows the assumptions of Social History, from Braudel's perspective of Long Duration. In fact, it is possible to identify analogies between Thomas' and Sartre's concepts of choice, which allows us, in education, to make inferences about man's responsibility for their actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]