Search

By the case of the area of a long-term technogenic load of the Bovanenkovo oil and gas condensate field, the possibility of monitoring the moisture content of the tundra cover near technical objects according to the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites is shown. The work used multispectral images from 1990, 1994, 2013 and 2020. The analysis was carried out on images characterizing the Earth’s surface temperature, surface moisture (NDWI index) and chlorophyll content in the canopy (NDVI index). Characterization and mapping of changes in the moisture content of the cover were carried out according to the difference between the images of 1990 and 2020. Variations in the NDVI index allow us to identify the reasons for these changes. The technogenic impact is shown to lead to an increase in the surface temperature and a decrease in the NDWI and NDVI values, which indicates the predominance of drainage processes and a decrease in the volume of living phytomass near technical objects. Such transformations are less dangerous for objects in comparison with waterlogging of the cover, however, they contribute to an increase in the emission of carbon-containing gases, since an increase in temperature and a decrease in surface moisture, as a rule, lead to degradation of the permafrost and an increase in the depth of the thawed layer.

The article provides an analysis of the variability of the composition of hydrocarbon fluids from the Bovanenkovo field (Yamal, Western Siberia) in order to better understand the geological processes that led to the formation of this field and the reformation of the composition of fluids in the layers of this field. It is shown that geochemical information on the composition and properties of oil, condensate and gas allows to “reconstruct” the geological stages of the formation of deposits in their modern form. The data on the properties of fluids, group and molecular composition of the light and middle parts of oils and condensates of various layers are given. Differences in the composition of hydrocarbons from different reservoirs of the field, the relationship of the composition of fluids with oil deposits and superimposed geological reorganizations in the Yamal area already formed were demonstrated. In terms of composition, three groups of oils were identified: residual, whose composition was formed as a result of the migration of relatively low-molecular components, light oils with a high content of paraffins and light (low-paraffinic) oils and condensates. It is shown that differences in the composition of oils are due both to the composition of the original organic matter for them and to migration processes after the formation of accumulations of hydrocarbon fluids.