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We study a specific class of CFTs that involve coupled free fermions, arising from parafermion CFTs and lattice constructions. We analyse their representation spaces and the underlying exclusion statistics of coupled free fermions using specific bases. In one particular case, we reveal an unexpected connection between the coset construction of parafermions, the lattice construction, and and orbifold thereof. This connection is supported by proving a range of character identities within the context of coupled free fermions. Simultaneously, we obtain explicit expressions of certain string functions in terms of Dedekind eta functions.

In this paper we will prove a series of $q$-identities suggested by the realisation of certain conformal field theories by so-called `coupled free fermions'. We will consider $q$-series arising from coupled free fermions constructed by the parafermion coset construction as well as from scaled root lattices, and some interesting relations between the two.

We study the T-dualisability criteria of Chatzistavrakidis, Deser and Jonke [3] who recently used Lie algebroid gauge theories to obtain sigma models exhibiting a "T-duality without isometry". We point out that those T-dualisability criteria are not written invariantly in [3] and depend on the choice of the algebroid framing. We then show that there always exists an isometric framing for which the Lie algebroid gauging boils down to standard Yang-Mills gauging. The "T-duality without isometry" of Chatzistavrakidis, Deser and Jonke is therefore nothing but traditional isometric non-Abelian T-duality in disguise., Comment: 15 pages

In earlier papers, we introduced spherical T-duality, which relates pairs of the form $(P,H)$ consisting of an oriented $S^3$-bundle $P\rightarrow M$ and a 7-cocycle $H$ on $P$ called the 7-flux. Intuitively, the spherical T-dual is another such pair $(\hat P, \hat H)$ and spherical T-duality exchanges the 7-flux with the Euler class, upon fixing the Pontryagin class and the second Stiefel-Whitney class. Unless $\mathrm{dim}(M)\leq 4$, not all pairs admit spherical T-duals and the spherical T-duals are not always unique. In this paper, we define a canonical Poincar\'e virtual line bundle $\mathcal{P}$ on $S^3 \times S^3$ (actually also for $S^n\times S^n$) and the spherical Fourier-Mukai transform, which implements a degree shifting isomorphism in K-theory on the trivial $S^3$-bundle. This is then used to prove that all spherical T-dualities induce natural degree-shifting isomorphisms between the 7-twisted K-theories of the pairs $(P,H)$ and $(\hat P, \hat H)$ when $\mathrm{dim}(M)\leq 4$, improving our earlier results., Comment: 19 pages, clarifications added, typos corrected

Recently we initiated the study of spherical T-duality for spacetimes that are principal SU(2)-bundles. In this paper, we extend spherical T-duality to spacetimes that are oriented non-principal SU(2)-bundles. There are several interesting new examples in this case and a new phenomenon appearing in the non-principal case is the existence of infinitely many spherical T-duals., Comment: 14 pages, spherical T-duality of Aloff-Wallach spaces with 7-flux included in Section 4

We review the AKSZ construction as applied to the topological open membranes and Poisson sigma models. We describe a generalization to open topological p-branes and Nambu-Poisson sigma models., Comment: 34 pages

In this paper we construct Cech cohomology groups that form a Gysin-type long exact sequence for principal torus bundles. This sequence is modeled on a de Rham cohomology sequence published in earlier work by Bouwknegt, Hannabuss and Mathai, which was developed to compute the global properties of T-duality in the presence of NS H-Flux., Comment: 30 pages

In this paper we construct a Chern-Weil isomorphism for the equivariant Brauer group of R^n-actions on a principal torus bundle, where the target for this isomorphism is a "dimensionally reduced" Cech cohomology group. From this point of view, the usual forgetful functor takes the form of a connecting homomorphism in a long exact sequence in dimensionally reduced cohomology., Comment: 58 pages

In this paper we outline a recent construction of a Chern-Weil isomorphism for the equivariant Brauer group of $\mathbb R^n$ actions on a principal torus bundle, where the target for this isomorphism is a "dimensionally reduced" \vCech cohomology group. Using this latter group, we demonstrate how to extend the induced algebra construction to algebras with a non-trivial bundle as their spectrum.

In this paper, we construct the index bundle gerbe of a family of self-adjoint Dirac-type operators, refining a construction of Segal. In a special case, we construct a geometric bundle gerbe called the caloron bundle gerbe, which comes with a natural connection and curving, and show that it is isomorphic to the analytically constructed index bundle gerbe. We apply these constructions to certain moduli spaces associated to compact Riemann surfaces, constructing on these moduli spaces, natural bundle gerbes with connection and curving, whose 3-curvature represent Dixmier-Douady classes that are generators of the third de Rham cohomology groups of these moduli spaces., Comment: 19 pages. Latex2e, typos corrected, a reference added

Representing the data of a string compactified on a circle in the background of H-flux in terms of the geometric data of a principal loop group bundle, we show that T-duality in type II string theory can be understood as the interchange of the momentum and winding homomorphisms of the principal loop group bundle, thus giving rise to a new interpretation of T-duality., Comment: 8 pages, latex 2e, new reference added, J.Phys.A: Fast Track Publications (to appear)

We explicitly construct the C*-algebras arising in the formalism of Topological T-duality due to Mathai and Rosenberg from string-theoretic data in several key examples. We construct a continuous-trace algebra with an action of ${\mathbb R}^d$ unique up to exterior equivalence from the data of a smooth ${\mathbb T}^d$-equivariant gerbe on a trivial bundle $X = W \times {\mathbb T}^d$. We argue that the `noncommutative T-duals' of Mathai and Rosenberg, should be identified with the nongeometric backgrounds well-known in string theory. We also argue that the crossed-product C*-algebra ${\mathcal A} \rtimes_{\alpha|_{\KZ^d}} {\mathbb Z}^d$ should be identified with the T-folds of Hull which geometrize these backgrounds. We identify the charge group of D-branes on T-fold backgrounds in the C*-algebraic formalism of Topological T-duality. We also study D-branes on T-fold backgrounds. We show that the $K$-theory bundles studied by Echterhoff, Nest and Oyono-Oyono give a natural description of these objects., Comment: 18 pages, no figures, uses xypic, minor typos corrected

The fusion rings of Wess-Zumino-Witten models are re-examined. Attention is drawn to the difference between fusion rings over Z (which are often of greater importance in applications) and fusion algebras over C. Complete proofs are given characterising the fusion algebras (over C) of the SU(r+1) and Sp(2r) models in terms of the fusion potentials, and it is shown that the analagous potentials cannot describe the fusion algebras of the other models. This explains why no other representation-theoretic fusion potentials have been found. Instead, explicit generators are then constructed for general WZW fusion rings (over Z). The Jacobi-Trudy identity and its Sp(2r) analogue are used to derive the known fusion potentials. This formalism is then extended to the WZW models over the spin groups of odd rank, and explicit presentations of the corresponding fusion rings are given. The analogues of the Jacobi-Trudy identity for the spinor representations (for all ranks) are derived for this purpose, and may be of independent interest., Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures, added references, minor additions to text. To be published in Rev. Math. Phys

We reexamine the results on the global properties of T-duality for principal circle bundles in the context of a dimensionally reduced Gysin sequence. We will then construct a Gysin sequence for principal torus bundles and examine the consequences. In particular, we will argue that the T-dual of a principal torus bundle with nontrivial H-flux is, in general, a continuous field of noncommutative, nonassociative tori., Comment: 21 pages, typos corrected

In this paper, we initiate the study of C*-algebras endowed with a twisted action of a locally compact Abelian Lie group, and we construct a twisted crossed product, which is in general a nonassociative, noncommutative, algebra. The properties of this twisted crossed product algebra are studied in detail, and are applied to T-duality in Type II string theory to obtain the T-dual of a general principal torus bundle with general H-flux, which we will argue to be a bundle of noncommutative, nonassociative tori. We also show that this construction of the T-dual includes all of the special cases that were previously analysed., Comment: 32 pages, latex2e, uses xypic; added more details on the nonassociative torus

In this paper we study T-duality for principal torus bundles with H-flux. We identify a subset of fluxes which are T-dualizable, and compute both the dual torus bundle as well as the dual H-flux. We briefly discuss the generalized Gysin sequence behind this construction and provide examples both of non T-dualizable and of T-dualizable H-fluxes., Comment: 9 pages, typos removed and minor corrections made

The algebraic definition of charges for symmetry-preserving D-branes in Wess-Zumino-Witten models is shown to coincide with the geometric definition, for all simple Lie groups. The charge group for such branes is computed from the ambiguities inherent in the geometric definition., Comment: 12 pages, fixed typos, added references and a couple of remarks

We present a general formula for the topology and H-flux of the T-dual of a type two compactification. Our results apply to T-dualities with respect to any free circle action. In particular we find that the manifolds on each side of the duality are circle bundles whose curvatures are given by the integral of the dual H-flux over the dual circle. As a corollary we conjecture an obstruction to multiple T-dualities, generalizing an obstruction known to exist on the twisted torus. Examples include SU(2) WZW models, Lens spaces and the supersymmetric string theory on the non-spin AdS^5xCP^2xS^1 compactification., Comment: 4 Pages, No Figures

We give some higher dimensional analogues of the Durfee square formula and point out their relation to dissections of multipartitions. We apply the results to write certain affine Lie algebra characters in terms of Universal Chiral Partition Functions., Comment: LaTeX2e, 14 pages

In this paper we further elaborate on the notion of fractional exclusion statistics, as introduced by Haldane, in two-dimensional conformal field theory, and its connection to the Universal Chiral Partition Function as defined by McCoy and collaborators. We will argue that in general, besides the pseudo-particles introduced recently by Guruswamy and Schoutens, one needs additional `null quasi-particles' to account for the null-states in the quasi-particle Fock space. We illustrate this in several examples of WZW-models., Comment: plain TeX, 31 pages; ref added

In a previous paper we defined the concept of an affinized projective variety and its associated Hilbert series. We computed the Hilbert series for varieties associated to quadratic monomial ideals. In this paper we show how to apply these results to affinized flag varieties. We discuss various examples and conjecture a correspondence between the Hilbert series of an affinized flag variety and a modified Hall-Littlewood polynomial. We briefly discuss the application of these results to quasi-particle character formulas for affine Lie algebra modules., Comment: AMSTeX, 25 pages, 3 figures

We define the concept of an affinized projective variety and show how one can, in principle, obtain q-identities by different ways of computing the Hilbert series of such a variety. We carry out this program for projective varieties associated to quadratic monomial ideals. The resulting identities have applications in describing systems of quasi-particles containing null-states and can be interpreted as alternating sums of quasi-particle Fock space characters., Comment: AMSTeX, 22 pages

We review several fermionic-type character formulae for the characters of the integrable highest weight modules of sl(n)^ at level l=1, and explain how they arise from a spinon basis for these modules. We also review how the Yangian Y(sl(n)) acts on the integrable (sl(n)^)_1 modules and we decompose the characters with respect to this Y(sl(n)) action., Comment: to appear in ``Geometric Analysis and Lie Theory in Mathematics and Physics'', Lecture Notes Series of the Australian Mathematical Society; 34 pages plain TeX with amssym.def

We introduce the notion of a fused quantum superplane by allowing for terms $\theta\theta\sim x$ in the defining relations. We develop the differential calculus for a large class of fused quantum superplanes related to particular solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation., Comment: 9 pages, TeX with amssym.def, two references added

In this paper we review the coset construction for winding subalgebras of affine Lie algebras. We classify all cosets of central charge $\hat c<1$ and calculate their branching rules. The corresponding character identities give certain `doubling formulae' for the affine characters. We discuss some applications of our construction, in particular we find a simple proof of a crucial identity needed for the computation of the level-2 root multiplicities of the hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra $E_{10}$., Comment: 8 pages. Crucial reference overlooked. Ref added and appropriate changes made, including new title. Old title: `A new coset construction and applications'. Plain TeX with amssym.def

Given a simple, simply laced, complex Lie algebra $\bfg$ corresponding to the Lie group $G$, let $\bfnp$ be the subalgebra generated by the positive roots. In this paper we construct a BV-algebra $\fA[\bfg]$ whose underlying graded commutative algebra is given by the cohomology, with respect to $\bfnp$, of the algebra of regular functions on $G$ with values in $\mywedge (\bfnp\backslash\bfg)$. We conjecture that $\fA[\bfg]$ describes the algebra of {\it all} physical (i.e., BRST invariant) operators of the noncritical $\cW[\bfg]$ string. The conjecture is verified in the two explicitly known cases, $\bfg=\sltw$ (the Virasoro string) and $\bfg=\slth$ (the $\cW_3$ string)., Comment: 10 pages, Typeset in TeX (with amssym.def input)

The noncritical $4D$ $\cW_3$ string is a model of $\cW_3$ gravity coupled to two free scalar fields. In this paper we discuss its BRST quantization in direct analogy with that of the $2D$ (Virasoro) string. The physical operators form a BV-algebra. We model this BV-algebra on that of the polyderivations of a commutative ring on six variables with a quadratic constraint, or, equivalently, on the BV-algebra of (polynomial) polyvector fields on the base affine space of $SL(3,\CC)$. Details have appeared elsewhere. To appear in the proceedings of ``STRINGS '95: Future Perspectives in String Theory,'' USC, March 13--18, 1995, Comment: 15 pages; uses macros tables.tex and amssym.def (version 2.1 or later)

We summarize some recent results obtained in collaboration with J. McCarthy on the spectrum of physical states in $W_3$ gravity coupled to $c=2$ matter. We show that the space of physical states, defined as a semi-infinite (or BRST) cohomology of the $W_3$ algebra, carries the structure of a BV-algebra. This BV-algebra has a quotient which is isomorphic to the BV-algebra of polyvector fields on the base affine space of $SL(3,C)$. Details have appeared elsewhere. [Published in the proceedings of "Gursey Memorial Conference I: Strings and Symmetries," Istanbul, June 1994, eds. G. Aktas et al., Lect. Notes in Phys. 447, (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1995)], Comment: 8 pages; uses macros tables.tex and amssym.def (version 2.1 or later)

The noncritical $D=4$ $W_3$ string is a model of $W_3$ gravity coupled to two free scalar fields. In this paper we discuss its BRST quantization in direct analogy with that of the $D=2$ (Virasoro) string. In particular, we calculate the physical spectrum as a problem in BRST cohomology. The corresponding operator cohomology forms a BV-algebra. We model this BV-algebra on that of the polyderivations of a commutative ring on six variables with a quadratic constraint, or, equivalently, on the BV-algebra of (polynomial) polyvector fields on the base affine space of $SL(3,C)$. In this paper we attempt to present a complete summary of the progress made in these studies. [...], Comment: 144 pages; 23 uuencoded ps figures; uses macros tables.tex, epsf and amssym.def (version 2.1 or later)

In this note we review the spinon basis for the integrable highest weight modules of sl2^ at levels k\geq1, and give the corresponding character formula. We show that our spinon basis is intimately related to the basis proposed by Foda et al. in the principal gradation of the algebra. This gives rise to new identities for the q-dimensions of the integrable modules., Comment: 9 pages, plain TeX + amssym.def, to appear in the proceedings of `Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory,' USC, May 16-21, 1994

In these lectures, we study and compare two different formulations of $SU(2)$, level $k=1$, Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory. The first, conventional, formulation employs the affine symmetry of the model; in this approach correlation functions are derived from the so-called Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations. The second formulation is based on an entirely different algebraic structure, the so-called Yangian $Y(sl_2)$. In this approach, the Hilbert space of the theory is obtained by repeated application of modes of the so-called spinon field, which has $SU(2)$ spin $j=\thalf$ and obeys fractional (semionic) statistics. We show how this new formulation, which can be generalized to many other rational conformal field theories, can be used to compute correlation functions and to obtain new expressions for the Virasoro and affine characters in the theory. [Lectures given at the 1994 Trieste Summer School on High Energy Physics and Cosmology, Trieste, July 1994.], Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX

We propose a spinon basis for the integrable highest weight modules of $\hsltw$ at levels $k\geq1$, and discuss the underlying Yangian symmetry. Evaluating the characters in this spinon basis provides new quasi-particle type expressions for the characters of these integrable modules, and explicitly exhibits the structure of an RSOS times a Yangian part, known \eg from $S$-matrix results. We briefly discuss generalizations to other groups and more general conformal field theories., Comment: 10 pages, plain TeX (with AMS-fonts option). Introduction expanded, evidence for proposed spinon basis further clarified and some references added

We discuss various techniques for computing the semi-infinite cohomology of highest weight modules which arise in the BRST quantization of two dimensional field theories. In particular, we concentrate on two such theories -- the $G/H$ coset models and $2d$ gravity coupled to $c\leq 1$ conformal matter. (to appear in the proceedings of the XXV Karpacz Winter School), Comment: 22 pages, USC-92/020, ADP-92-194/M12, CERN-TH.6646/92

We extend Felder's construction of Fock space resolutions for the Virasoro minimal models to all irreducible modules with $c\leq 1$. In particular, we provide resolutions for the representations corresponding to the boundary and exterior of the Kac table., Comment: 14 pages, revised version