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The following protocol describes our workflow for isolation and quantification of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs). It requires limited sample volume so that the scientific value of specimens is maximized. These steps include isolation of vesicles by automated size exclusion chromatography and quantification by tunable resistive pulse sensing. This workflow optimizes reproducibility by minimizing variations in processing, handling, and storage of EVs. EVs have significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but clinical application is limited by disparate methods of data collection. This standardized protocol is scalable and ensures efficient recovery of physiologically intact EVs that may be used in a variety of downstream biochemical and functional analyses. Simultaneous measurement quantifies EV concentration and size distribution absolutely. Absolute quantification corrects for variations in EV number and size, offering a novel method of standardization in downstream applications., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Diehl et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Splenosis, an autotransplantation of splenic tissues in another compartment of the body, is only symptomatic when hematologic diseases have recurred or compression of other adjacent structures have occurred. Therefore, we report a clinical case of a patient with bowel obstruction due to splenosis., Case Presentation: A patient with a history of splenectomy, presented to the emergency room for abdominal pain and obstipation, suggesting intestinal obstruction which is also seen on CT scan. During laparotomy, multiple splenic nodules were seen on the mesentery of the small bowel and colon, with vascular bridges between them, resulting in bowel obstruction. Resection of splenic nodules was performed. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged a week after., Discussion: Although very rare, gastrointestinal symptoms may sometimes be described in patients with splenosis. Bleeding or obstruction can occur because of intramural grow or external compression, respectively. Treatment consists of resection of these nodules., Conclusion: Splenosis should always be thought in patients with previous splenic rupture and presenting with incidental nodules seen on imaging, with further investigations when symptoms are present., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)