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8. Lipid components as a measure of nutritional condition in fish larvae (Pleuragramma antarcticum) in East Antarctica

Author

Giraldo, Carolina, Mayzaud, Patrick, Tavernier, Eric, Irisson, Jean-Olivier, Penot, Florian, Becciu, Jonathan, Chartier, Amelie, Boutoute, Marc, and Koubbi, Philippe

Subjects
Fishes -- Larvae, Biological sciences
Abstract

Pleuragramma antarcticum is a key component of the neritic assemblages in the Antarctic coastal waters. Larvae of this species were sampled from 2008 to 2011 in the Dumont d'Urville Sea (East Antarctica). The lipid class composition [triacylglycerols (TAG), cholesterol (Chol) and polar lipids (PL)] of larvae was measured to assess the larval condition. The total amount of lipids was linearly related to the quantity of structural polar lipids, suggesting that growth is favored over lipid storage. The TAG:Chol ratio showed interannual variability in the condition of fish larvae, probably related to prey availability. Nevertheless, the essential fatty acids composition of polar lipids illustrates that larvae with low levels of TAG:Chol could be either growing or under starvation. Only the combination of a low TAG:Chol ratio and low polar lipids content, which can also be mobilized during starvation periods, allowed identification of larvae in poor condition. This lipid condition index should be of great assistance to evaluate the probability of survival of P. antarcticum larvae in long-term monitoring. It has widespread applicability and should also be useful in the diagnosis of nutritional condition in other species., Introduction In Antarctic, the quantification of the stock-recruitment relationships remains a difficult problem in fish ecology. One of the reasons is that early life stages, as a critical part of [...]

Published
2013
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12. Continuous selection pressure to improve temperature acclimation of Tisochrysis lutea

Author

Bonnefond, Hubert, Grimaud, Ghjuvan, Rumin, Judith, Bougaran, Gaël, Talec, Amélie, Gachelin, Manon, Boutoute, Marc, Pruvost, Eric, Bernard, Olivier, Sciandra, Antoine, Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-12-BIME-0004,Facteur 4,AMELIORATION NON OGM DES PERFORMANCES DE MICROALGUES(2012), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
selectiostat, Physiology, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Aquaculture, adaptation, Biochemistry, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Natural Selection, Medicine and Health Sciences, Microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea, [MATH]Mathematics [math], lcsh:Science, advanced control, Ecology, evolution engineering, Physics, Fatty Acids, Temperature, Classical Mechanics, Adaptation, Physiological, Equipment Sterilization, Physical Sciences, continuous culture, Mechanical Stress, Ecological Niches, Neutral Lipids, Research Article, Equipment Preparation, temperature response, Evolutionary Processes, selection, Environment, Research and Analysis Methods, lipids, Filter Sterilization, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Physiological Adaptation, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Lipid Metabolism, Thermal Stresses, lcsh:Q, Physiological Processes
Abstract

International audience; Temperature plays a key role in outdoor industrial cultivation of microalgae. Improving the thermal tolerance of microalgae to both daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations can thus contribute to increase their annual productivity. A long term selection experiment was carried out to increase the thermal niche (temperature range for which the growth is possible) of a neutral lipid overproducing strain of Tisochrysis lutea. The experimental protocol consisted to submit cells to daily variations of temperature for 7 months. The stress intensity, defined as the amplitude of daily temperature variations, was progressively increased along successive selection cycles. Only the amplitude of the temperature variations were increased, the daily average temperature was kept constant along the experiment. This protocol resulted in a thermal niche increase by 3°C (+16.5 %), with an enhancement by 9 % of the maximal growth rate. The selection process also affected T. lutea physiology, with a feature generally observed for 'cold-temperature' type of adaptation. The amount of total and neutral lipids was significantly increased, and eventually productivity was increased by 34%. This seven month selection experiment, carried out in a highly dynamic environment, challenges some of the hypotheses classically advanced to explain the temperature response of microalgae.

Published
2017

15. Lipid characterization of Pleuragramma antarcticum (Nothoteniidae) larvae off East Antarctica (139 degrees E-145.10 degrees E) during summer

Author

Tavernier, Eric, Mayzaud, Patrick, Boutoute, Marc, Vallet, Carole, Koubbi, Philippe, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Larvae, Nutritional status, Pleuragramma antarcticum, fungi, Lipid composition, Antarctic, Fatty acid markers, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; Pleuragramma antarcticum (Antarctic silverfish) larvae are a key component of the neritic assemblages in the Antarctic coastal waters and can be considered as an indicator of the future changes that may occur in this area. Lipid class and fatty acid composition was studied to assess the nutritional status and evaluate the type of dominant trophic interactions of P. antarcticum larvae collected between Terre Ad,lie and the Mertz Glacier Tongue (139A degrees E-145.10A degrees E) during summer 2007. P. antarcticum larvae exhibit moderate lipid levels (11.9-15.0% dry weight). Lipid class analyses showed a similar pattern over the study area consisting mainly of polar lipids (61-75% of total lipids). During their first summer, larvae started to accumulate small amount of lipid reserves in the form of triacylglycerols (10-16% of total lipids). Polar lipids were dominated by phosphatidylcholine (55-59%) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (19-21%). Fatty acid signature of triacylglycerols indicates (1) a dominance of copepod of the Oithona type in the trophic pattern of P. antarcticum larvae and (2) a significant contribution of phytoplankton. In the same way, the analysis of gut content shows that 70% of larvae fed on various assemblages of phytoplankton and zooplankton (mainly copepods) and 30% of larvae fed exclusively on phytoplankton. Although a carnivorous diet is commonly described, our results suggest that P. antarcticum larvae showed an opportunistic feeding strategy (i.e. high degree of omnivory) and that dietary energy seems to be mainly directed towards fast growth rather than energy storage for periods of starvation.

Published
2012

19. Lipid dynamics and trophic patterns in Pleuragramma antarctica life stages.

Author

GIRALDO, CAROLINA, MAYZAUD, PATRICK, TAVERNIER, ERIC, BOUTOUTE, MARC, PENOT, FLORIAN, and KOUBBI, PHILIPPE

Subjects
SILVER hake, PELAGIC fishes, LIPID analysis, FATTY acid analysis, FISH populations, FISH & climate
Abstract

The aim of this study was to clarify the trophic patterns of the key species Pleuragramma antarctica in the Dumont d’Urville Sea, through its development and possible changes according to sampling locations. Variability in diet composition of larvae, juvenile and adult P. antarctica was analysed using fatty acid markers. Analysis of lipid class in P. antarctica reflected lipid accumulation with increasing size at all sampling stations. The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol highlighted ontogenetic changes in the diet. Phytoplankton markers, such as C16PUFA:C16 and EPA:DHA ratios >1, and carnivorous markers in larvae suggested an omnivorous diet. Comparison between the fatt acid signature of P. antarctica older stages (juveniles and adults) and zooplankton species using OPLS-discriminant analysis indicated that juveniles fed mainly on euphausiid larvae and to a minor extent on copepods, and confirmed that non-herbivorous copepods were the main prey for adults. Our results suggest that different feeding patterns and a generalist strategy in P. antarctica with juveniles feeding on bigger prey than adults, probably as a result of prey availability according to their vertical segregation pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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20. Respiration in marine zooplankton--the other side of the coin: CO2 production.

Author

Mayzaud, Patrick, Boutoute, Marc, Gasparini, Stéphane, Mousseau, Laure, and Lefevre, Dominique

Subjects
*ZOOPLANKTON, *TAXONOMY, *THALIACEA, *MOLLUSCICIDES, *OXYGEN
Abstract

We measured respiratory release rates of CO2 from various taxonomic groups of zooplankton during three cruises in winter, spring, and summer in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zooplankton species collected comprised different species of thaliacea (salps), mollusc thecosomes, amphipod hyperiids, copepods, decapods, and euphausiids. Hourly, individual rates ranged from a minimum of 0.02 /µ h-1 for the smallest copepods (Oncaea sp. and Acartia) to a maximum of 90.6 /µl CO2 for the largest euphausiids (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), corresponding to a range of weight-corrected rates of 0.1 /µl CO2 for the thecosome Cymbulia peronii and 5.6 µl CO2 for the smallest copepods. Size was the major factor controlling the recorded rates. Allometric coefficients varied between 0.6 and 0.7 for weight and 1.5 and 2.2 for length, which is in agreement with the theoretical values and the values recorded for oxygen consumption. RQ values (CO2 released/O2 consumed) were computed for each group from simultaneous measurements of both respiratory processes. Model II regressions yielded mean RQs of 0.87 ± 0.40 for copepods, 0.94 ± 0.40 for thecosomes, and 1.35 ± 0.08 for large crustacean and salp species. We propose that the increase in RQ value from copepod to large crustacean species is related to the development of the muscular mass and activity rather than a simple shift in respiratory metabolic substrate. Realistic RQ values, taking species differences into account, should be used to derive population and community CO2 release rates from simpler oxygen consumption measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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21. Continuous selection pressure to improve temperature acclimation of Tisochrysis lutea.

Author

Bonnefond H, Grimaud G, Rumin J, Bougaran G, Talec A, Gachelin M, Boutoute M, Pruvost E, Bernard O, and Sciandra A

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Animals, Aquaculture methods, Environment, Lipid Metabolism, Microalgae metabolism, Acclimatization physiology, Microalgae growth & development, Selection, Genetic, Temperature
Abstract

Temperature plays a key role in outdoor industrial cultivation of microalgae. Improving the thermal tolerance of microalgae to both daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations can thus contribute to increase their annual productivity. A long term selection experiment was carried out to increase the thermal niche (temperature range for which the growth is possible) of a neutral lipid overproducing strain of Tisochrysis lutea. The experimental protocol consisted to submit cells to daily variations of temperature for 7 months. The stress intensity, defined as the amplitude of daily temperature variations, was progressively increased along successive selection cycles. Only the amplitude of the temperature variations were increased, the daily average temperature was kept constant along the experiment. This protocol resulted in a thermal niche increase by 3°C (+16.5%), with an enhancement by 9% of the maximal growth rate. The selection process also affected T. lutea physiology, with a feature generally observed for 'cold-temperature' type of adaptation. The amount of total and neutral lipids was significantly increased, and eventually productivity was increased by 34%. This seven month selection experiment, carried out in a highly dynamic environment, challenges some of the hypotheses classically advanced to explain the temperature response of microalgae.

Published
2017
Full Text
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