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1. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J.-M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J.-A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J.-P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J.-C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q.-M., Legett, IV, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J.-F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H.-C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., and Wong, K. W.

Published
2021
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6. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Bernardi, Pernelle, Cais, Philippe, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, T., Gasnault, Olivier, Reess, Jean-Michel, Deleuze, Muriel, Rull, Fernando, Manrique, José Antonio, Abbaki, S., Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Angel, S. M., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Battault, T., Beck, Pierre, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonafous, M., Bousquet, Bruno, Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Chapron, F., Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Clavé, E., Clegg, Sam, Cloutis, Edward, Collin, C., Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dameury, J. C., D'Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, Lauren, Dehouck, E., Delapp, Dorothea, De Los Santos, G., Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, Gilles, Dubois, Bruno, Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Frydenvang, Jens, Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, Ivair, González, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, John, Hassen Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, Nina, Lapauw, L., Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, L., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Leyrat, C., López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, Soren, Madsen, Morten, Mangold, Nicolas, Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martínez Frías, Jesús, Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McLennan, Scott M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montaron, C., Montmessin, Franck, Moros, J., Mousset, Valerie, Morizet, Y., Murdoch, Naomi, Newell, Raymond T., Newsom, Horton, Tuong, N. N., Ollila, Ann M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, Laurent, Parisot, J., Parot, Yann, Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, C., Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, Benjamin, Rambaud, D., Rapin, William, Romano, Philip J., Roucayrol, L., Royer, Clement, Ruellan, M., Sandoval, Benigno, Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, Shiv K., Sobrón, Pablo, Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, Vishnu, Standarovsky, D., Storms, Steven, Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, Peter, Wong, K. W., Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Bernardi, Pernelle, Cais, Philippe, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, T., Gasnault, Olivier, Reess, Jean-Michel, Deleuze, Muriel, Rull, Fernando, Manrique, José Antonio, Abbaki, S., Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Angel, S. M., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Battault, T., Beck, Pierre, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonafous, M., Bousquet, Bruno, Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Chapron, F., Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Clavé, E., Clegg, Sam, Cloutis, Edward, Collin, C., Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dameury, J. C., D'Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, Lauren, Dehouck, E., Delapp, Dorothea, De Los Santos, G., Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, Gilles, Dubois, Bruno, Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Frydenvang, Jens, Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, Ivair, González, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, John, Hassen Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, Nina, Lapauw, L., Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, L., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Leyrat, C., López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, Soren, Madsen, Morten, Mangold, Nicolas, Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martínez Frías, Jesús, Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McLennan, Scott M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montaron, C., Montmessin, Franck, Moros, J., Mousset, Valerie, Morizet, Y., Murdoch, Naomi, Newell, Raymond T., Newsom, Horton, Tuong, N. N., Ollila, Ann M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, Laurent, Parisot, J., Parot, Yann, Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, C., Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, Benjamin, Rambaud, D., Rapin, William, Romano, Philip J., Roucayrol, L., Royer, Clement, Ruellan, M., Sandoval, Benigno, Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, Shiv K., Sobrón, Pablo, Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, Vishnu, Standarovsky, D., Storms, Steven, Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, Peter, and Wong, K. W.

Abstract

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2-7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam's science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.

Published
2021

7. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover:Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J. M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J. A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J. C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., Wong, K. W., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J. M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J. A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J. C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., and Wong, K. W.

Abstract

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2–7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam’s science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.

Published
2021

9. Electron irradiation effects on A1-free laser diodes emitting at 852 nm

Author

Boutillier, M., Gauthier-Lafaye, O., Bonnefont, S., Lozes-Dupuy, F., Lombez, L., Lagarde, D., Marie, X., Vermersch, F.-J., Calligaro, M., Lecomte, M., Parillaud, O., Krakowski, M., and Gilard, O.

Subjects
Semiconductor lasers -- Analysis, Optoelectronic devices -- Usage, Optoelectronic device, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

852-nm emitting Al-free laser diodes and layers constituting the device are irradiated with 1-MeV electrons at fluences ranging from [10.sup.14] up to [10.sup.16] e-/[cm.sup.2]. Layers corresponding to the laser diodes materials were characterised using photoluminescence and time resolved photoluminescence. Laser diodes L-I-V characteristics were measured in pulsed and continuous regime. Index Terms--Electron radiation effects, optoelectronic devices, semiconductor lasers.

Published
2007

10. Optimized radiation-hardened erbium doped fiber amplifiers for long space missions.

Author

Ladaci, A., Girard, S., Mescia, L., Robin, T., Laurent, A., Cadier, B., Boutillier, M., Ouerdane, Y., and Boukenter, A.

Subjects
ERBIUM, SPACE flight, PARTICLE swarm optimization, RADIATION damage, WAVELENGTHS
Abstract

In this work, we developed and exploited simulation tools to optimize the performances of rare earth doped fiber amplifiers (REDFAs) for space missions. To describe these systems, a state-of-the-art model based on the rate equations and the particle swarm optimization technique is developed in which we also consider the main radiation effect on REDFA: the radiation induced attenuation (RIA). After the validation of this tool set by confrontation between theoretical and experimental results, we investigate how the deleterious radiation effects on the amplifier performance can be mitigated following adequate strategies to conceive the REDFA architecture. The tool set was validated by comparing the calculated Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) gain degradation under X-rays at ∼300 krad(SiO2) with the corresponding experimental results. Two versions of the same fibers were used in this work, a standard optical fiber and a radiation hardened fiber, obtained by loading the previous fiber with hydrogen gas. Based on these fibers, standard and radiation hardened EDFAs were manufactured and tested in different operating configurations, and the obtained data were compared with simulation data done considering the same EDFA structure and fiber properties. This comparison reveals a good agreement between simulated gain and experimental data (<10% as the maximum error for the highest doses). Compared to our previous results obtained on Er/Yb-amplifiers, these results reveal the importance of the photo-bleaching mechanism competing with the RIA that cannot be neglected for the modeling of the radiation-induced gain degradation of EDFAs. This implies to measure in representative conditions the RIA at the pump and signal wavelengths that are used as input parameters for the simulation. The validated numerical codes have then been used to evaluate the potential of some EDFA architecture evolutions in the amplifier performance during the space mission. Optimization of both the fiber length and the EDFA pumping scheme allows us to strongly reduce its radiation vulnerability in terms of gain. The presented approach is a complementary and effective tool for hardening by device techniques and opens new perspectives for the applications of REDFAs and lasers in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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22. Évolution du taux d’intermédiation financière en France (1994-2004)

Author

BOUTILLIER, M. and BRICONGNE, J-C.

Subjects
jel:G2, Taux d’intermédiation financière, agrégats d’intermédiation, marchés de capitaux/financements de marché, crédits/financements immobiliers, intermédiaires financiers, internationalisation/diversification géographique des placements, non-résidents, tarification/revenus d’intermédiation, services d’intermédiation financière indirectement mesurés (SIFIM), production des institutions financières
Published
2006

24. Validity of the McCumber Theory at High Temperatures in Erbium and Ytterbium-Doped Aluminosilicate Fibers.

Author

Ladaci, A., Girard, S., Mescia, L., Robin, T., Cadier, B., Laurent, A., Boutillier, M., Sane, B., Marin, E., Ouerdane, Y., and Boukenter, A.

Subjects
RARE earth metals, DOPED semiconductors, ALUMINUM silicates, OPTICAL fibers, ERBIUM, YTTERBIUM, EFFECT of temperature on metals
Abstract

The temperature dependence of the emission and absorption cross sections of Er and Yb ions in rare-earth-doped aluminosilicate optical fibers is experimentally investigated. The obtained results demonstrate that the McCumber theory accurately predicts the temperature-induced changes of the emission cross section spectrum up to 500 °C when the absorption spectra measured at the considered temperature is used for the calculations instead of the one acquired at ambient temperature. Finally, we also demonstrate that the various heating steps up to 500 °C are not affecting the fiber guiding properties and no permanent effect is observed on the emission and absorption cross section spectra measured at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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26. Disintermediation or financial diversification? The case of developed countries

Author

Boutillier, M. and Bricongne, J.C.

Subjects
jel:G2, jel:E21, jel:F36, jel:E01, financial intermediation rate, intermediation aggregates, financial intermediaries, international financial integration, geographical diversification of investments, banks' price scale fixing, intermediation revenue, financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM), production of financial institutions
Abstract

Measuring an intermediation rate is a good way of capturing the importance of the role of financial intermediaries in a given economy and their position in the face of the growth in market financing. Results show a quite sizeable decline in the financial intermediation rate in France over the period concerned, characterised by the strong growth of capital markets and the increasing use made by non-financial agents of non-intermediated financing. This development should nevertheless be treated cautiously, for several reasons. First, because it stems largely from the internationalisation of the financing and investing movements of resident financial institutions (FIs) and of market financing received by non-financial agents. Thus, an increasing proportion of resident FIs' assets are held vis-à-vis non-residents and a growing share of the financing received by residents comes from the "Rest of the world", mainly from non-resident FIs. Second, because an analysis of the revenue of financial intermediaries confirms the change in their price setting practices and a shift in their activities. Lastly, because the choice by non-financial agents is not only made between intermediaries and direct-market access. First of all, this article analyses the changes in the intermediation rate in France and abroad. A growing share Is accounted for by the Rest of the world, while the financing of the national economy by resident FIs has declined. Conversely, resident FIs have developed their operations with the Rest of the world. A broader concept of intermediation is then proposed in order to deal with the so-called decline in financial intermediation. A complementary view of intermediation revenue makes it possible to measure the developments in resident FIs' earnings and to understand the changes that have enabled them to maintain their revenue.

Published
2012

27. Proton irradiation effects on InGaAs/InP Photodiodes for Space Applications

Author

Pedroza, G., Boutillier, M., How, L.S., Bechou, L., Nuns, T., Arnolda, P., Ousten, Y., Bord, Isabelle, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Adveotec, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], and ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

28. Proton Irradiation Response of Hole-Assisted Carbon Coated Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

Author

Girard, S., primary, Laurent, A., additional, Pinsard, E., additional, Raine, M., additional, Robin, T., additional, Cadier, B., additional, Di Francesca, D., additional, Paillet, P., additional, Gaillardin, M., additional, Duhamel, O., additional, Marcandella, C., additional, Boutillier, M., additional, Ladaci, A., additional, Boukenter, A., additional, and Ouerdane, Y., additional

Published
2014
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35. Le contrat notionnel : efficience et causalité

Author

Bensaid, B. and Boutillier, M.

Subjects
Futures markets, Efficiency, Causality
Abstract

The main topic of this paper is about the overall functionnning of the french futures bonds market. Three mains questions are asked: (1) Is the futures market inefficient? (2) Is there any free lunch between the future market and the spot market? (3) Does one of these markets play a leader role? Econometric tests give globally an negative answer to all these three questions. The arbitrage's opportunities which have been detected in the period 86.12-90.06 can be explained by the restrictions to sell-short bonds in the french cash market. The two tests on the rationality of the expectations which have been undertaken (a time series test and a panel data test) yield the same conclusion : one cannot reject the assumption that the market is efficient. Finally, tests of causality between the future market and the cash market on daily data shows strong instantaneous correlation between them. Concerning delayed causality, the future market have played a leader role during the period 90.01-93.06 during which one has observed an overall stability of the futures prices.

Published
1997

41. Gamma and Proton-Induced Dark Current Degradation of 5T CMOS Pinned Photodiode 0.18~\mu\m CMOS Image Sensors.

Author

Martin, E., Nuns, T., David, J.-P., Gilard, O., Vaillant, J., Fereyre, P., Prevost, V., and Boutillier, M.

Subjects
COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors, PHOTODIODES, DETECTORS, DARK currents (Electric), PROTONS, IRRADIATION
Abstract

The radiation tolerance of a 0.18~\mu\m technology CMOS commercial image sensor has been evaluated with Co^60 and proton irradiations. The effects of protons on the hot pixels and dynamic bias and duty cycle conditions during gamma irradiations are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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44. The Concept of Reading as Analysis of Macroeconomic Models

Author

Boutillier, M.

Abstract

Facing macroeconomic models of large size and complexity, we suggest to “read a model in three steps; since a model provides a causal representation of a national economy, the steps are the interpretation of the model equations and the building of causality relations and of corresponding graphs. Thus the working of every step is equivalent to a graph theoretical problem. The results and specially the last one the feedback or loop variables give a simplified but easy to understand sight of the model. Helped by results on some empirical models of the french and american economies we discuss for every step its economic relevance, its computational efficiency and its connection with solving and drawing a model; with these results, we find the limits of our “reading” in its qualitative setting.

Published
1983
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46. Update of Single Event Effects Radiation Hardness Assurance of Readout Integrated Circuit of Infrared Image Sensors at Cryogenic Temperature.

Author

Art L, Youssef AA, Ducret S, Perrier F, Buiron R, Gilard O, Mekki J, Boutillier M, Hubert G, and Poivrey C

Abstract

This paper review presents Single Event Effects (SEE) irradiation tests under heavy ions of the test-chip of D-Flip-Flop (DFF) cells and complete readout integrated circuits (ROIC) as a function of temperature, down to 50 K. The analyses of the experimental data are completed using the SEE prediction tool MUSCA SEP3. The conclusions derived from the experimental measurements and related analyses allow to update the current SEE radiation hardness assurance (RHA) for readout integrated circuits of infrared image sensors used at cryogenic temperatures. The current RHA update is performed on SEE irradiation tests at room temperature, as opposed to the operational cryogenic temperature. These tests include SET (Single Event Transient), SEU (Single Event Upset) and SEFI (Single Event Functional Interrupt) irradiation tests. This update allows for reducing the cost of ROIC qualifications and the test setup complexity for each space mission., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Published
2018
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47. Radiation hardened high-power Er 3+ /Yb 3+ -codoped fiber amplifiers for free-space optical communications.

Author

Ladaci A, Girard S, Mescia L, Laurent A, Ranger C, Kermen D, Robin T, Cadier B, Boutillier M, Sane B, Marin E, Morana A, Ouerdane Y, and Boukenter A

Abstract

The radiation responses of different high-power erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber amplifiers (HP-EYDFA) have been investigated up to 100 krad (SiO 2 ) dose levels. These devices are able to deliver 20 W of signal output power at 1565 nm by pumping at 915 nm (43 W) radiation tolerant (Er/Yb) or radiation hardened (ErYbCe) active few mode fibers; these performances are needed for free-space communications between low-orbit satellites and ground transceivers. X-ray irradiation results show that, thanks to a positive influence of the photo- and thermal-bleaching phenomena associated with such high-power operating conditions, the gain degradation levels of HP-EYDFA based on radiation hardened fibers remain below 6% after 100 krad at an accelerated dose rate of 3.4 rad/s.

Published
2018
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