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Chrysis poetica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954 * Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) inaequalis var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1889: 484. Holotype ♂; Azerbaijan: Helenendorf [= Goygol] (MfN), nom. praeocc., nec Radoszkowski, 1877 (inaequalis group). Chrysis inaequalis var. poëtica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954: 131. Replacement name for Chrysis inaequalis var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1889. Material examined. N. Lebanon: Arz Tannourine, Trail 4, 1781 m, 23.viii.2019, 1♂, leg. M. Boustani det. P. Rosa (MBOU). Distribution. * Lebanon. European part of Russia, Caucasus, Crimea, south-eastern Europe, Cyprus, Palestine, Iran, Kyrgyzstan (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 643 pp.","Radoszkowski, O. (1877) Chrysidiformes, Mutillidae et Sphegidae. In: Putieshestvie v Turkestan A. P. Fedtshenko [Voyage au Turkestan d'Alexis Fedtschenko], Sankt-Petersburg, (14) 2 (5), pp. 1 - 87, 8 pls. [in Russian and Latin]","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Holopyga chrysonota discolor Linsenmaier, 1959 Holopyga chrysonota discolor Linsenmaier, 1959: 32. Holotype ♂; Morocco (MCZL). Holopyga chrysonota discolor: Linsenmaier 1968: 18 (Lebanon, without locality). Holopyga (Holopyga) chrysonota discolor: Linsenmaier 1999: 34 (Lebanon, without locality). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Bcharre, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon, Iran (Alborz), Turkey, Cyprus, North Africa (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968, 1999; Rosa et al. 2013)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Linsenmaier, W. (1999) Die Goldwespen Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 281.","Rosa, P., Lotfalizadeh, H. & Pourrafei, L. (2013) First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) of Iran. Zootaxa, 3700 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.1.1"]}

Chrysis mirae Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 5A–5F, 6A–6F, 14C) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 07268617-281F-4B12-8926-93A4C3739A24 Diagnosis. Chrysis mirae Rosa, sp. nov. belongs to the C. elegans species group. The female is characterized by straight genal carina, seen in lateral view (Fig. 5C); TFC not strongly elevated, partially faint; scapal basin widely polished medially (Fig. 5B); tergum III apically arched, in dorsal view (Fig. 5A); in lateral view, post pit row area wide, its length more than 2–3 × times pit diameter (Figs 5C, 5F); setae erected on tergum III dorsally. The male is recognizable by the shape of the black spots on sternum II (Fig. 6F); genital capsule, with elongate and curved apex of gonocoxa (Figs 6C, 14C). Material examined. LEBANON: holotype, N. Lebanon: Tannourine El Tahta, Mar Boutrous, 1207 m, 25.vii.2019, ♀, on Echinops gaillardotii, leg. M. Boustani (NMLU). Paratypes, same locality, collector and visited flowers, 27.vi.2019, 2♂ (PRC, MBOU); Tannourine El Tahta, Saint Peter Church, 1155 m, 1♀, leg. X. Van achter (PRC). Description. Female holotype (Figs 5A–5F). Body length 9.3 mm. Head. OOL 1.5 × MOD; POL 2.0 × MOD; MS 0.6 × MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.5:0.7:0.6. Punctures on brow between frontal carina and anterior ocellus dense, small (PD about 0.2 × MOD) and contiguous, without polished interspaces; punctures between ocellar triangle and eye scattered, interspaces polished, about 1.0 PD or wider; polished area lateral to posterior ocelli wide; TFC irregular, slightly raised medially, with two later undulations; lateral ending close to eye margin; genal carina straight, sharp, fully developed from temple to mandibular insertion (Fig. 5C); scapal basin micropunctate laterally, widely polished medially, from uppermost margin to clypeal margin, forming subsquare, polished median area; malar spaces short (1.0 × MOD); subantennal space 1.0 × MOD; apex of clypeus dark brown, its apical profile triangular. Mesosoma. Medial pronotal line [= pronotal groove] slightly impressed, as long as 2/3rds length of pronotum; punctures on pronotum larger than those on vertex, interspaces polished with small dots; punctures on mesoscutum larger; punctures on median area of mesoscutum more spaced without small dots and extensively polished; notauli formed by deep, subrectangular foveae; parapsidal signum [= parapsidal line] deep and fully visible; punctures on mesoscutellum similar to those of mesoscutum, antero-medially more spaced; mesoscutellar-metanotal suture formed by deep punctures; punctures on metanotum deep, subcontiguous; posterior propodeal projections [= propodeal teeth] slightly divergent; faint episternal sulcus on mesopleuron, barely recognizable as slight depression. Metasoma. Punctures on terga I–III large and deep medially, interspaces narrow, with small dots; punctures smaller laterally, interspaces wider and polished; median longitudinal carina barely indicated on tergum II; tergum III without pre pit swelling; pits of pit row small, deep, partially confluent; lateral edge of tergum III with concavity before apical margin; apical margin (Fig. 5F) slightly deflected, with narrow hyaline rim; slight undulations before lateral angles and apico-medially; post pit row area 2–3 × times pits diameter; black spots on sternum II large, as long as 3/5ths of segment length, close each other anteriorly, widely separated posteriorly; posterior margin slightly curved (Fig. 5E). Colouration. Head and mesosoma metallic green; median area of mesoscutum dark blue to blackish on anterior half; metasoma golden dorsally; anterior declivity and apical margin of tergum I contrasting green; metasoma green ventrally; scape and pedicel green; flagellomeres dark brown; tegulae non-metallic brown; wings slightly infuscate. Vestiture. Malar spaces, vertex and genae with scattered, whitish setae (1.0–1.5 × MOD); mesosoma laterally and legs, including trochanters, with extremely long (3.0–4.0 × MOD) erect and whitish setae (Fig. 5E); metasoma laterally and ventrally with long (up to 4.0 × MOD), erect and whitish setae (Fig. 5F). Male (Figs 6A–6F, 14C). Body length 9.0–9.5 mm. Similar to the female; sexual dimorphic characters are basitarsi distinctly lighter to whitish and reduced black spots on sternum II. Easily separable from the similar Chrysis villosa Rosa, sp. nov. by larger shape of black spots on sternum II (Fig. 6F) and genital capsule with elongate apex of gonocoxa (Figs 6C, 14 C). Etymology. The specific epithet mirae (feminine noun in genitive) is dedicated to Mira Boustani (Mons, Belgium), for her studies on the bees of Lebanon and because she collected most of the recent cuckoo wasps examined in this study. Collecting site (Fig. 2B). The type locality is in the Supra-Mediterranean vegetation level, with mainly Quercus sp. and Pistachia sp. woods, and Spartium junceum in the clearings and open areas. The site is a disturbed sandy-soil area with many solitary bee nesting sites and predominantly Echinops gaillardotii flowering at the time of collection in June and July. The specimens were caught on flowers of both Daucus sp. and E. gaillardotii. Remarks. Chrysis mirae Rosa, sp. nov. belongs to the C. elegans species group and it is closely related to C. villosa Rosa, sp. nov. The female is separated by: straight genal carina, seen in lateral view (Fig. 5C) (curved at mid gena in C. villosa (Fig. 10C)); subgena apparently more expanded, in lateral view, due to the different subgenal carina course; TFC not strongly elevated, partially faint (vs. strong and fully developed); scapal basin widely polished medially (Fig. 5B) (vs. more densely punctate at sides, with a reduced impunctate area, triangularly shaped (Fig. 10B)); metafemur less hairy (Fig. 5E); tergum III apically arched, in dorsal view (Fig. 5A) (vs. straight, with two blunt lateral corners (Fig. 10A)); in lateral view, post pit row area wide, its length more than 2–3 × times pit diameter (Figs 5C, 5F) (vs. post pit row area narrow, as long as 1 pits diameter, or a little more (Figs 10C, 10F)); setae erected on tergum III dorsally (vs. setae laying down); metasoma golden (vs. flame red to violet); male recognizable by the different shape of the black spots on sternum II (compare Figs 6F and 11F); different genital capsule, with elongate and curved apex of gonocoxa (compare Figs 6C, 11C, and Figs 14C, 14D)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705

Hedychridium insulare Balthasar, 1954 * Hedychridium sculpturatum insulare Balthasar, 1954: 55. Holotype ♂; Cyprus: Limassol (NMPC). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 18.vii.2018, 1♀, leg. J. Jabbour, det. P. Rosa (PRC). On Apiaceae: Ferulago frigida. Distribution. * Lebanon. Bulgaria, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Syria, Cyprus (Arens 2010)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Balthasar, V. (1954) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sphegiden und Chrysididen der Insel Cypern. Opuscula hymenopterologica XII. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 28 (398), 39 - 56.","Arens, W. (2010) Revision der Hedychridium roseum - Gruppe in Kleinasien (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), mit Neubewertung zahlreicher europaischer Taxa und Beschreibung zweier neuer Arten. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 42 (1), 401 - 458."]}

Chrysura mistrasensis (Linsenmaier, 1968) * Chrysis (Chrysogona) mistrasensis Linsenmaier, 1968: 49. Holotype ♂; Greece: Mistras (NMLU) (dichroa group). Material examined. Mt. Lebanon: Bentael, 378 m, 23.iv.2019, 1♀, det. P. Rosa, leg. M. Boustani, P. Rasmont, N. Nemer. (PRC). Distribution. * Lebanon. Turkey, Greece (Peloponnese), Samos Is. (Arens 2002)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Arens, W. (2002) Zum Status von Chrysis smyrnensis Mocsary und Beschreibung einer neuen kleinasiatischen Art aus der Chrys is dichroa - Gruppe (Hymenoptera; Chrysididae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 34 (2), 935 - 952."]}

Stilbum calens westermanni Dahlbom, 1845 Stilbum westermanni Dahlbom, 1845: 16. Holotype ♂; Greece: Rhodes Is. (NHRS). Stilbum calens ab. subcalens Mader, 1933: 126. Type series unknown; Croatia: Dalmatia, Krk Is. (Vienna). Unavailable name (ICZN 1999: Article 45.6.2). Stilbum calens var. subcalens Linsenmaier, 1951: 107. Based on the description of Stilbum calens ab. subcalens Mader, 1933. Stilbum calens subcalens: Linsenmaier 1968: 123 (Lebanon, without locality). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Kadisha Grotto, 1670 m, 21.vi.1960, 2♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, Stilbum calens wesmaeli det. Linsenmaier (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. From Mediterranean countries to Iran (Linsenmaier 1968). Remarks. Linsenmaier (1951, 1959, 1968) treated the unavailable name Stilbum calens ab. subcalens (Mader, 1933) as subspecies of Stilbum calens, and thus made this name available as species-group name (ICZN 1999, article 45.6.3). As Linsenmaier was the first author to make the name available, he became the author of Stilbum calens subcalens (ICZN 1999, article 50.3.1.). Later Linsenmaier (1997, 1999) identified the same taxon as Stilbum calens wesmaeli Dahlbom, 1845 without type examination and without any discussion. After type examination, Rosa & Vårdal (2015) observed that Stilbum wesmaeli is closely related to Stilbum cyanurum and not to Stilbum calens as supposed by Linsenmaier (1997: 287). The first available name for this taxon is therefore Stilbum calens westermanni Dahlbom, 1845 (= Stilbum calens subcalens Linsenmaier, 1959) (Rosa & Vårdal 2015), the subspecific name which was ignored by Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1997, 1999)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Dahlbom, A. G. (1845) Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Particula secunda. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, 20 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66977","Mader, L. (1933) Etwas uber Hymenopteren. Entomologischer Anzeiger, 13, 125 - 126.","Linsenmaier, W. (1951) Die europaischen Chrysididen (Hymenoptera). Versuch einer naturlichen Ordnung mit Diagnosen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 24 (1), 1 - 110.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1997) Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, 18 (19), 245 - 300.","Linsenmaier, W. (1999) Die Goldwespen Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 281.","Rosa, P. & Vardal, H. (2015) An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes. ZooKeys, 495, 79 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 495.9356"]}

Spintharina alexandri (du Buysson, 1894) * Spintharis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1890: 508. Holotype ♂; Turkey: Buyuk Agri Dag (Mt. Ararat) (depository unknown). Chrysis alexandri du Buysson, 1894: 390. Holotype ♂; Turkey: Buyuk Agri Dag (Mt. Ararat) (depository unknown). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Bcharre, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1973 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. South-eastern Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Palestine (Balthasar 1953; Linsenmaier 1959); Egypt (Linsenmaier 1999). Remarks. The type of Spintharis mocsaryi from Ararat was examined by du Buysson (1894) and re-described under the name Chrysis alexandri du Buysson, 1894. In fact, du Buysson (1894) included in the genus Chrysis both Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889 and Spintharis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1890, thus the latter became a secondary junior homonym. Linsenmaier (1959, 1999) identified all the specimens from East Mediterranean countries and the Middle East as Chrysis (Spintharina) vagans, yet he did not know any real topotypic specimens from Central Asia. Spintharina alexandri can be easily separated from Spintharina vagans by the shape of the transversal frontal carina, simple and regularly arched (du Buysson 1894). One specimen in Radoszkowski’s collection (Rosa et al. 2015) has been erroneously considered as a type., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Radoszkowski, O. (1890) Hymenopteres recoltes sur le mont Ararat. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 24, 502 - 510.","Balthasar, V. (1953) Monographie des Chrysides de Palestine et des pais limitrophes. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 27 (Supplement 2), 1 - 317.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1999) Die Goldwespen Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 281.","Radoszkowski, O. (1889) Revision des armures copulatrices des males de la tribu des Chrysides. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 40, 6 pls."]}

Chrysis soror Dahlbom, 1854 * Chrysis soror Dahlbom, 1854: 240. Lectotype ♂, designated by Rosa & Vårdal 2015: 107; Greece: Rhodes (NHRS) (scutellaris group). Material examined. Hezine [probably referring to S. Lebanon: Jezzine], 1.vi.1953, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, Chrysis soror gracilia det. W. Linsenmaier 1961 (NMLU). N. Lebanon: Kadisha River, 1760 m, 25.vi.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); Bcharre, 1670 m, 27.vi.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); same locality, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. South-eastern Europe, Caucasus, Russia, Middle-East to Central Asia (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Dahlbom, A. G. (1854) Hymenoptera europaea praecipue borealia, formis typicis nonnullis specierum generumve exoticorum aut extraneorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus secundus. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Friedrich Nicolai, Berolini [Berlin], xxiv + 412 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15890","Rosa, P. & Vardal, H. (2015) An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes. ZooKeys, 495, 79 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 495.9356","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysura radians (Harris, 1776) * Chrysis radians Harris, 1776: 69. Neotype ♀, designated by Rosa et al. 2020a: 112. England: Kent, Halling, 8.vii.1971, leg. K.M. Guichard (NHMUK) (radians group). Material examined. Hezine [probably referring to S. Lebanon: Jezzine], 31.v.1953, 1♀, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. Widely distributed from Western Europe and North Africa to western Asia and Siberia (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Harris, M. (1776) An exposition of English Insects. White and Robinson, London, 166 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122956","Rosa, P., Madl, M., Zettel, H. & Zimmermann, D. (2020 a) Annotated catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) types deposited at the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie B, 122, 17 - 140.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Holopyga buyssoni Mercet, 1902 stat. nov. * Holopyga fervida var. buyssoni Mercet, 1902: 221. Syntypes ♀ [not holotype]; Turkey: Ýskenderun [= Syria: Alexandretta] (MCNM). Material examined. Beirut, 19.v.1953, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, 2♂, det. W. Linsenmaier (NMLU); Mount Lebanon: Damour, 8.iv.1965, 1♀, leg. J. Klapperich, det. W. Linsenmaier 1990 (NMLU). All specimens identified as Holopyga fervida chloroidea Dahlbom. Distribution. * Lebanon. Turkey, Syria, Cyprus, Palestine. Remarks. Several sibling species are found under the name Holopyga fervida (Fabricius, 1781) (Linsenmaier 1999; Rosa & Pavesi 2020). Holopyga fervida buyssoni is one of the most distinct and easiest to identify by the large and coarse punctation of the metasoma, distinctly visible on the second half of tergum II. For this reason, we propose to erect it to species rank. Linsenmaier (1968) reported that some males may be hardly distinguishable from the typical form. However, these specimens actually belong to a distinct syntopic taxon. Linsenmaier (1959, 1968) named this taxon as Holopyga fervida chloroidea (Dahlbom, 1845). However, Holopyga chloroidea (original combination Hedychrum chloroideum) and Holopyga curvata (Förster 1853) (original combination Hedychrum curvatum) are the chromatic dimorphic males of the western European Holopyga fervida (Rosa & Xu 2015). He used the name chloroidea because one syntype of this taxon was collected in Turkey. To avoid future misidentifications, Rosa & Xu (2015) designated the lectotype of Holopyga chloroidea based on one male of Holopyga fervida collected in Austria and deposited in the Spinola collection (MRSN). The previous lectotype of Holopyga chloroidea designated by Kimsey (1986) was found to be invalid (Rosa & Xu 2015)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Mercet, R. G. (1902) Nota sobre algunos Crisididos de Siria. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 2, 221 - 223.","Fabricius, J. C. (1781) Species insectorum, exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomo I. C. E. Bohnii, Hambugi et Kiloni [= Hamburg and Kiel], viii + 522 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11658","Linsenmaier, W. (1999) Die Goldwespen Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 281.","Rosa, P. & Pavesi, M. (2020) The case of Holopyga gogorzae Trautmann, 1926 and revision of the H. miranda group (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Natural History Sciences, Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 7 (2), 39 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / nhs. 2020.474","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Dahlbom, A. G. (1845) Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Particula secunda. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, 20 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66977","Forster, A. (1853) Eine Centurie neuer Hymenopteren. Beschreibungen neuer Arten aus der Familae der Chrysididen. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens, 10, 266 - 362.","Rosa, P. & Xu, X. - F. (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin. ZooKeys, 471, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 471.6558","Kimsey, L. S. (1986) Designation of chrysidid lectotypes. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 105 - 110."]}

Chrysis verna Dahlbom, 1854 * Chrysis verna Dahlbom, 1854: 285. Holotype ♀; Greece: Rhodes Is. (type lost) (comparata group). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736m, 18.vii.2018, 1♂, leg. M. Boustani & J. Jabbour, det. P. Rosa, on Apiaceae: Ferulago frigida (PRC). Distribution. * Lebanon. South-eastern Europe, Caucasus, Rhodes, Turkey, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959, unpubl. data)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Dahlbom, A. G. (1854) Hymenoptera europaea praecipue borealia, formis typicis nonnullis specierum generumve exoticorum aut extraneorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus secundus. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Friedrich Nicolai, Berolini [Berlin], xxiv + 412 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15890","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232."]}

Omalus politus (du Buysson, 1887) Omalus politus du Buysson, 1887: 168. Lectotype ♀, designated by Kimsey in Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 249; Lebanon: Beirut (MNHN). Material examined. Lectotype, 1♀, coll. Abeille Syrie, Museum Paris, Syrie: Beyrout coll. R. du Buysson 1900, ♀, Lectotype, Lecto Ellampus politus Buysson det. L.S. Kimsey (MNHN). Mt. Lebanon: Damour, 8.iv.1965, 2♂, leg. J. Klapperich, det. W. Linsenmaier 1990 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon, South-eastern Europe, western Asia, Turkey, Middle East, North Africa (Kimsey & Bohart 1991; Linsenmaier 1959, 1999), Iran (Rosa et al. 2013)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1887) Descriptions de Chrysidides nouvelles. Revue d'Entomologie, 6, 167 - 201.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","du Buysson, R. (1900) Contribution aux Chrysidides du Globe (4 e serie). Revue d'Entomologie, 19, 125 - 165.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1999) Die Goldwespen Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 281.","Rosa, P., Lotfalizadeh, H. & Pourrafei, L. (2013) First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) of Iran. Zootaxa, 3700 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.1.1"]}

Spintharina versicolor (Spinola, 1808) Chrysis versicolor Spinola, 1808: 241. Lectotype ♀, designated by Rosa & Xu 2015: 48; Italy: Liguria (Turin). Chrysis (Chrysis) versicolor: Linsenmaier 1959: 102 (Lebanon, without locality). Distribution. From Western Europe to southern Russia, the Caucasus, and Iran (Rosa et al. 2019). Remarks. Linsenmaier (1959) reported Lebanon (without locality details) in the distribution of this species. However, during a recent check of the specimens in his collection we observed that they were incorrectly labelled as (1) “ Libanon Mt. Troodos 5500 ft 30.vi.37 / Mavromoustakis leg.” and (2) “ Libanon Mt. Troodos 6400 ft 6.48 / Mavromoustakis leg.”. The Trodoos Mountain range is located in the center of Cyprus and not in Lebanon. However, Spintharina versicolor is a relatively common species distributed from Turkey to Iran and its presence is expected in Lebanon as well., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Rosa, P. & Xu, X. - F. (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin. ZooKeys, 471, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 471.6558","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Hedychridium chloropygum ottomanum Arens, 2010 * Hedychridium chloropygum ottomanum Arens, 2010: 423. Holotype ♂; Turkey: Konya, 10–12.vi.1996, leg. Schmidt (NML). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Horch Ehden, 1625 m, 12.vi.2019, 1♂, leg. X. Van achter, det. P. Rosa (PRC). Distribution . * Lebanon. Turkey (Arens 2010)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Arens, W. (2010) Revision der Hedychridium roseum - Gruppe in Kleinasien (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), mit Neubewertung zahlreicher europaischer Taxa und Beschreibung zweier neuer Arten. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 42 (1), 401 - 458."]}

Chrysis villosa Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 10A–10F, 11A–11F, 14D) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FCBAD5B8-3E2F-4E82-8B56-28E36F54121B Chrysis (Chrysis) ashabadensis: Linsenmaier 1968: 85, nec Radoszkowski, 1891: 183 (Lebanon, without locality). Diagnosis. Chrysis villosa Rosa, sp. nov. belongs to the C. elegans species group. It is characterised by having bicoloured metallic body, with green head and mesosoma and red to violet metasoma (Figs 10A, 11A); TFC, clypeus, pronotum, mesopleuron and scutellum with golden-red reflections (Figs 10A, 11B); green anterior declivity of tergum I; extremely elongate setae all over the body (Fig. 10E) (3.0 × MOD laterally on mesosoma and metasoma and 4.0 × MOD ventrally on all legs, including trochanters and sterna); general habitus stocky; TFC raised; female black spots distinctly separated (Fig. 10E); sharp genal carina; male genital capsule similar to those of the C. comparata species group (Figs 11C, 14D). Material examined. TURKEY: holotype, Mut, 9.–13.vi.1965, ♀, leg. J. Gusenleitner (NMLU). Other material examined. LEBANON: Bcharre (N. Lebanon), 1670 m, 5.vii.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1965 (NMLU); Kadisha River (N. Lebanon), 1760 m, 22.vi.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1965 (NMLU). Description. Female (Fig. 10). Body length 8.5 mm. Head (Figs 10B–10D). OOL 1.6 × MOD; POL 2.0 × MOD; MS 1.0 × MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.5:0.8:0.7. Frons between the frontal carina and anterior ocellus with dense, small (PD about 0.3 × MOD) and contiguous punctures, without polished interspaces; punctures between ocellar triangle and eyes scattered, interspaces polished, about 1.0 PD; wider polished area postero-lateral to posterior ocelli; TFC raised, irregular; lateral ending close to eye margin; red TFC contrasting green brow and scapal basin; genal carina fully developed from temple to mandibular insertion; scapal basin micropunctate laterally, widely polished below the frontal declivity and medially, forming reverse, polished, triangular area; malar spaces short (1.0 × MOD); subantennal space 1.0 × MOD; apical margin of clypeus thick and brown, with triangular profile. Mesosoma. Medial pronotal line extremely deep, as long as 2/3 length of pronotum; pronotum depressed in anterior half, depression converges on medial pronotal line; punctures on pronotum small, even, and interspaces with small dots; punctures on mesoscutum relatively small, similar to those on pronotum; on median area of mesoscutum more spaced antero-medially, without small dots and shallower on lateral areas; notauli formed by deep, subrectangular foveae; parapsidal signum deep and fully visible; punctures on mesoscutellum slightly larger than those on mesoscutum, interspaces shining; mesoscutellar-metanotal suture formed by deep punctures; punctures on metanotum deep, subcontiguous; posterior propodeal projections subparallel; mesopleuron with faint episternal, barely recognizable as a slight depression. Metasoma. Punctures on terga I–III medially large and deep, almost contiguous; smaller laterally, with wider, polished interspaces (Figs 10A, 10F); median longitudinal carina barely visible on tergum II; tergum III without pre pit swelling; pits of pit row small, deep; lateral edge of tergum III with concavity before apical margin; apical margin slightly deflected, with dark brown rim (Fig. 10F). Black spots on sternum II large, as long as 3/5ths of segment length, close each other anteriorly, widely separated posteriorly (Fig. 10E). Colouration. Head and mesosoma metallic green with extensive golden-red reflections on transverse frontal carina, clypeus, pronotum, scutellum, mesopleuron, and tibia; median area of mesoscutum black in the upper half; metasoma red to violet dorsally, anterior declivity of tergum I with contrasting green; flame red ventrally. Scape and pedicel green with golden-red reflections; flagellomeres dark brown. Tegulae non-metallic brown; wings slightly infuscate. Vestiture. Malar space, vertex and gena with scattered, whitish setae (1.0–1.5 × MOD); mesosoma laterally and legs, including trochanters, with extremely long, erect and whitish setae, as long as 3.0–4.0 × MOD; metasoma laterally and ventrally with long (3.0 × MOD), erect and whitish setae (Fig. 10E). Male (Figs 11A–11F, 14D). The associated male of Chrysis villosa Rosa, sp. nov., considered conspecific by Linsenmaier (1968 and in his collection, Fig. 11) has very small, subtrapezoidal black spots on sternum II, covering less than one third of the segment, and hairs slightly shorter. Genital capsule as in Figs 11C, 14D. Distribution. Lebanon, Iran, Turkey (Linsenmaier 1968). Etymology. The specific name villosa (adjective, feminine) derives from the Latin adjective villosus, meaning hairy, in relation to the elongate setae covering this species ventrally. Remarks. Linsenmaier (1968) included this species in the Chrysis elegans species group and identified it as Chrysis ashabadensis Radoszkowski, 1891. However, we (P.R.) examined the type of Chrysis ashabadensis housed in Radoszkowski’s collection at ISEA-PAS (Rosa et al. 2015) and it turned out to be a member of the C. succincta species group, closely related to Chrysis coa Invrea, 1939. The original description given by Radoszkowski (1891) was misleading because C. ashabadensis is the largest species in the C. succincta s.str. subgroup, and it shares with C. ashabadensis sensu Linsenmaier the general habitus, the edentate apical margin of tergum III, and the body colouration. Without type examination, it was impossible to assign this species in any species group. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) placed Chrysis ashabadensis in the C. succincta group following Linsenmaier (1968) because they also had no access to Radoszkowski’s type material. We here describe the misidentified Chrysis ashabadensis sensu Linsenmaier (1959) with the name Chrysis villosa Rosa, sp. nov. Chrysis villosa Rosa, sp. nov. is related to C. transcaspica Mocsáry, 1889 and they both belong to the C. elengans species group. Both sexes of C. villosa sp. nov. can be easily separated from the latter by extremely elongate setae all over the body (Figs 10A, 10E, 11A, 11F) (3.0 × MOD laterally on mesosoma and metasoma and 4.0 × MOD ventrally on all legs, including trochanters and sterna); general habitus stocky (Figs 10A, 11A) (in C. transcaspica the habitus is slender as in C. elegans Lepeletier, 1806 (Figs 12A, 13A)); TFC raised (Figs 10B, 11B) (vs. hardly visible in C. transcaspica (Figs 12B, 13B)); female black spots distinctly separated (Fig. 10E) (vs. black spots closer to inner margins (Fig. 12E)); sharp genal carina (vs. faint); male can be easily recognised by the different genital capsule (Figs 11C, 14D), similar to those of the species in the C. comparata species group, as already mentioned by Linsenmaier (1968). Chrysis villosa sp. nov. is similar to C. mirae sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6) and the female is separated by the shape of genal carina, curved at mid gena (vs. straight); subgena narrower; TFC strong and fully developed (vs. faint); post pit row area narrow, as long as 1 pit diameter or little more (vs. 2–3 × times pits diameter); setae laying down on tergum III dorsally (vs. setae erected); metasoma flame red to violet (vs. golden); male recognisable by different shape of black spots on sternum II (compare Figs 6F and 11F); different genital capsule (compare Fig. 14C and Fig. 14D)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 25-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Radoszkowski, O. (1891) Descriptions de Chrysides nouvelles. Revue d'Entomologie, 10, 183 - 198.","Invrea, F. (1939) Studi sui Mutillidi e Crisidi dell'A. O. I. IV. Missione al lago Tana diretta da G. Dainelli. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 71, 93 - 94.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 643 pp.","Lepeletier, [A. L. M.] (1806) Memoire sur quelques especes nouvelles d'insectes de la section des Hymenopteres, appeles les Porte-tuyaux, et sur les caracteres de cette famille et des genres qui la composent. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 7, 115 - 129.","Dahlbom, A. G. (1854) Hymenoptera europaea praecipue borealia, formis typicis nonnullis specierum generumve exoticorum aut extraneorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus secundus. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Friedrich Nicolai, Berolini [Berlin], xxiv + 412 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15890"]}

Chrysis martinella du Buysson, 1900 Chrysis martinella du Buysson, 1900: 142. Holotype ♀; Iran: Tehran (MNHN) (aestiva group). Chrysis (Chrysis) martinella: Linsenmaier 1959: 74 (Lebanon, without locality). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Kadisha River, 1760 m, 22.vi.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); Kadisha River, 1700 m, 26.vi.1960, 1♂, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); Kadisha Grotto, 1670 m, 21.vi.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier (NMLU); Bcharre, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. Iran, Turkey, Greece, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968; Strumia & Yildirim 2009)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1900) Contribution aux Chrysidides du Globe (4 e serie). Revue d'Entomologie, 19, 125 - 165.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Strumia, F. & Yildirim, E. (2009) Contribution to the knowledge of Chrysididae fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Frustula Entomologica, 30 (43), 55 - 92."]}

Chrysura pyrogaster (Brullé, 1833) * Chrysis pyrogaster Brullé, 1833: 374. Lectotype ♀, designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 494; Greece: Peloponnese (MNHN) (austriaca group). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Cedars [= Arz Bcharre], 1800 m, 29.vi.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1990 (NMLU); Tannourine Reserve, Trail 4, 1781 m, 30.vi.2019, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani, det. P. Rosa (TCFNR); Arz Tannourine, 1784 m, vi.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Rehayem, det. P. Rosa (MBOU); Bcharre, Plateau Qornet Es Sawda, 2679 m, 2.vii.2019, 1♀, leg. A. Gekière, det. P. Rosa (UMONS), on Fabaceae: Vicia canescens; Arz Tannourine, Trail 4, 1781 m, 30.vi.2019, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani det. P. Rosa (MBOU), on Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp.; Arz Tannourine, Gate area, 1754 m, 20.v.2018, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani, det. P. Rosa (MBOU); Arz Tannourine, Trail 4, 1762 m, 25.vi.2018, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani det. P. Rosa (MBOU), on Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia macroclada. Distribution. * Lebanon. Turkey, Greece, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Brulle, G. A. (1833) Expedition scientifique de Moree. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III. 1 re partie. Zoologie. Deuxieme section. Des animaux articules. F. G. Levrault, Paris, pp. 289 - 400.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232."]}

Chrysura dichroa (Dahlbom, 1854) * Chrysis dichroa Dahlbom, 1854: 146. Lectotype ♀, designated by Rosa & Xu 2015: 17; Hungary: Budapest (MRSN) (dichroa group). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Arz Tannourine, 1797 m, 24.vii.2019, 1♀, leg. X. Van achter (XVA). Distribution. * Lebanon. West Palaearctic from Western Europe to Central Asia, including Turkey and Palestine (Arens 2001; Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Dahlbom, A. G. (1854) Hymenoptera europaea praecipue borealia, formis typicis nonnullis specierum generumve exoticorum aut extraneorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus secundus. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Friedrich Nicolai, Berolini [Berlin], xxiv + 412 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15890","Rosa, P. & Xu, X. - F. (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin. ZooKeys, 471, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 471.6558","Arens, W. (2001) Revision der Arten der Chrysis dichroa Gruppe auf der Peloponnes mit Beschreibung dreier neuer Arten (Hymenoptera; Chrysididae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 33 (2), 1157 - 1193.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Pseudochrysis humboldti libanesus (Linsenmaier, 1959) Euchroeus (Pseudospinolia) humboldti libanesus Linsenmaier, 1959: 67. Holotype ♀; Lebanon: Kherbet Kanafar Bekaa, vi.1953, leg. Schmidt (NMLU). Material examined. Holotype and paratype, Bekaa Nahr Litani, 4 km E of Kherbet Kanafar, 16.vi.1953, 2♀, leg. Dr. Schmidt, det. W. Linsenmaier 1952 (NMLU); Nalu Litani [probably referring to Bekaa: Nahr Al Litani], 16.vi.1953, 4♀, leg. Dr. Schmidt, on Paravespa grandis Mor., det. W. Linsenmaier 1962 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon (Linsenmaier 1959). Host. Linsenmaier (1959) reported Paravespa grandis albida Blüthgen as the host., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232."]}

Omalus biaccinctus du Buysson, 1892 * Ellampus biaccinctus du Buysson, 1892: 152. Syntypes ♂, ♀, France (MNHN). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Tannourine El Tahta, Wadi Ain El Raha, 1371 m, 5.v.2017, 1♂; 11.v.2017, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani (MBOU), both on Carduus argentatus; Arz Tannourine, Reserve Outskirts, 1739 m, 7.vi.2017, 1♀, on Anthemis sp. (MBOU); Arz Tannourine, Trail 4, 27.vii.2018, 1♀, leg. X. Van achter (XVA). All det. P. Rosa. Distribution. * Lebanon. Europe, European part of Russia, Crimea, western Asia (Rosa et al. 2019). Remarks. Found in the Quercus sp. and Cedrus libani wooded areas of Tannourine., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1892 - 1895) Les Chrysides. Tome Sixieme. In: Andre, E. (Ed.), Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie. Vve Dubosclard, Paris, pp. I - XII + 13 - 758, 64 unnumbered pages + 32 pls. [pp. 89 - 208 (1892), 273 - 400 (1894), 401 - 624 (1895)]","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysis cedarsensis Linsenmaier, 1968 Chrysis cedarsensis Linsenmaier, 1968: 114. Holotype ♀; Lebanon: “Cedars” (NMLU) (cerastes group). Material examined. Holotype, Cedars (N. Lebanon), 1800 m, 4.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1968 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144."]}

Holopyga jurinei Chevrier, 1862 * Holopyga jurinei Chevrier, 1862: 95. Holotype ♂ [not ♀]; Switzerland (MHNG). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Bcharre, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1980 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. European part of Russia, western Asia, Caucasus, Central and Southern Europe, Turkey, North Africa (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Chevrier, F. (1862) Description des Chrysides du Bassin du Leman. Ramboz et Schuchardt, Geneva, 134 pp.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysis marginata Mocsáry, 1889 * Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) marginata Mocsáry, 1889: 451. Holotype ♀; Turkestan (ISEA-PAS) (comparata group). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Kadisha River, 1760 m, 22.vi.1960, 2♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); Bcharre, 1670 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. Central Asia, Iran, Caucasus, south-eastern Europe, Turkey, Middle East (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 643 pp.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893) Olochrysis eldari Radoszkowski, 1893: 242. Holotype ♀; Caucasus (ISEA-PAS) (elegans group). Chrysis rubricollis du Buysson, 1900: 138. Holotype ♂; Mt. Lebanon: Brummana [described as Syria: Brumana] (HECO). Distribution. Lebanon (du Buysson 1900 as Chrysis rubricollis). Caucasus, south-eastern Europe, Rhodes Island (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Radoszkowski, O. (1893) Descriptions d'Hymenopteres nouveaux. Revue d'Entomologie, 12, 241 - 245.","du Buysson, R. (1900) Contribution aux Chrysidides du Globe (4 e serie). Revue d'Entomologie, 19, 125 - 165.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysis concolor Mocsáry, 1893 Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) concolor Mocsáry, 1893: 222. Holotype ♀; Caucasus: Araxes valley (NHMW) (varidens group). Chrysis (Chrysogona) concolor: Linsenmaier 1968: 51 (Lebanon, without locality). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Kadiska Grotto, 1760 m, 23.vi.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); Cedars, 1800 m, 4.vii.1960, 2♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. Caucasus (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Mocsary, A. (1893) Additamentum secundum ad monographiam Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 15 (4), 213 - 240.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysura ignifrons (Brullé, 1833) * Chrysis ignifrons Brullé, 1833: 375. Holotype ♂; Greece: Peloponnese (MNHN) (austriaca group). Material examined. S. Lebanon: Jezzine, 20.v.1953, 2♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. Central Asia, Caucasus, Southern Europe, Middle East (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Brulle, G. A. (1833) Expedition scientifique de Moree. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III. 1 re partie. Zoologie. Deuxieme section. Des animaux articules. F. G. Levrault, Paris, pp. 289 - 400.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Hedychrum aureicolle Mocsáry, 1889 * Hedychrum aureicolle Mocsáry, 1889: 168. Lectotype ♀, designated by Móczár 1964: 441; Greece: Rhodes (HNHM). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Horch Ehden Nature Reserve, 1567 m, 19.vi.2016, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani, A. Kotán, W. Yammine, det. P. Rosa (MBOU). Distribution. * Lebanon. European part of Russia, Iran, Turkey, Greece, Cyprus, Palestine (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 643 pp.","Moczar, L. (1964) Ergebnisse der Revision der Goldwespenfauna des Karpatenbeckens (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 10, 433 - 450.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysis rasmonti Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 7A–7F, 8A–8F, 14 B) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 82AF745B-54D7-4C52-94B9-280464C7DABE Chrysis (Chrysis) handlirschi: Linsenmaier, 1959: 148, nec Mocsáry, 1889: 477; Linsenmaier, 1968: 95, nec Mocsáry, 1889: 477. Diagnosis. Posterior margin of pronotum red to golden, contrasting with green mesosoma (Figs 7A, 8A); anterior declivity of tergum I green, contrasting with the red colour of the remaining part of metasoma (Figs 7A, 8A); malar spaces elongate (2.0 × MOD) (Fig. 8B); apical margin of tergum III with four undulations in the male (Fig. 7D), and the two lateral teeth pointed in the female (Fig. 8F); distance between median teeth as long as distance between median and lateral teeth; TFC obsolete, vaguely M-shaped (Figs 7B, 8B); metasomal sterna I–III golden-red in female and flame red in male (Figs 7F, 8E); black spots on sternum II large and subrectangular (Figs 7F, 8E). Male genital capsule with elongate gonostyle (Figs 7C, 14B). Material examined. TURKEY: holotype, Urfa, 2.vi.1968, ♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner (NMLU). Paratypes. Urfa, 14.–17.vi.1977, 1♀, leg. Jos. Schmidt (NMLU); Urfa 500m, 20 km SE of Harran, 19.vi.1981, 1♂ and 1♀, leg. M. Kraus and K. Warnke (NMLU); SYRIA: “Syrien 1945”, 1♂, coll. Linsenmaier (without further data) (NMLU); PALESTINE: Jerusalem, Palestine, 11.v.1944, 1♂, leg. Houska (NMLU); JORDAN: env. of Amman, 25.vii.1963, 1♀, leg. J. Klapperich (NMLU). Description. Male holotype (Figs 7A–7F). Body length 9.3 mm. Head. OOL 1.4 × MOD; POL 2.3 × MOD; MS 2.0 × MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.8:1.0:1.0. Frons between TFC and ocellar triangle with dense, small (PD about 0.2 × MOD) and contiguous punctures, without polished interspaces; punctures smaller in front of anterior ocellus; punctures larger (0.5 × MOD) on ocellar triangle and temples, with polished areas postero-lateral to posterior ocelli; face largely micropunctate, medially polished; transverse frontal carina obsolete, vaguely as M-shaped (Fig. 7B), with lateral ending close to eye margin; malar space elongate (2.0 × MOD); subantennal space 1.2 × MOD; apical margin of clypeus almost straight, bordered by dark brown rim; genal carina fully developed to mandibular insertion; mandible bidentate. Mesosoma. Medial pronotal line shallow, as long as 3/4ths length of pronotum; pronotum double punctate, largest punctures 0.6 × MOD, scattered tiny dots on interspaces; punctures on mesoscutum distinctly deep and larger, increasing mesad, with sharp margins; notauli basally wide and deep, medially and apically as thin line; parapsidal signum well visible among punctures; punctures on mesoscutellum large and contiguous; slightly polished anteromedially, close to the mesoscutal-mesoscutellar suture; punctures on metanotum large, deep, foveate with sharp margins; posterior propodeal projections divergent; episternal sulcus, formed by aligned, medium-sized punctures; punctures on mesopleuron small polished interspaces, and tiny punctures. Tarsomere I of mesoleg as long as II–IV together. Metasoma. Punctures on terga I–III large and deep, almost contiguous on tergum II; interspaces narrow and polished; median longitudinal carina barely visible; tergum III without pre pit swelling (Fig. 7D); pits of pit row small (Fig. 7D), deep, occasionally transversally confluent; apical margin of tergum III with four undulations equally interspaced (Fig. 7D). Black spots on sternum II large, subrectangular, medially separated by thin line (Fig. 7F). Genital capsule with elongate gonostyle (Figs 7C, 14C). Colouration. Head and mesosoma metallic green, with reflections red to golden-red on face and clypeus, posterior margin of pronotum, femora and tibia (Figs 7A, 7B, 7E); metasoma flame red, darkened to violet medially and laterally (Fig. 7A). Metasomal sterna flame red (Fig. 7F). Scape and pedicel green with golden-red reflections, flagellomeres brownish (Figs 7A, 7B, 7E). Golden red reflections may be sporadically not fully visible in toned coloured specimens. Wings slightly infuscate. Vestiture. Scapal basin and malar spaces covered by silvery short setae (Fig. 7B); rest of head with short (1.0 × MOD) whitish setae. Body with short, scattered and whitish setae (1.0 × MOD). Female (Figs 8A–8F). Body length 7.0–10.0 mm. Similar to male; lateral teeth of the apical margin of tergum III more elongate, pointed and median teeth as undulations (Fig. 8F). Distribution. Middle East, from Turkey to Palestine, Jordan and “ Syria ” (Levant, as Syria was potentially used to indicate the whole area). Etymology. The specific epithet rasmonti (masculine noun in genitive) is dedicated to Pierre Rasmont (Mons, Belgium), for his contributions to the study of the Hymenoptera and pollinators of Lebanon and of the Middle East in general. Remarks. Linsenmaier (1959) identified two similar species of the C. comparata group from East Mediterranean countries as Chrysis verna Dahlbom, 1854 (Figs 9A–9D) and C. handlirschi Mocsáry, 1889. He observed that these two species had previously been confused by Invrea (1943) and Balthasar (1953). Chrysis verna, described from Greece, was considered relatively rare (“ Ziemlich selten ”) (Linsenmaier 1959), but following research proved that it is a common and widespread species in Greece (“ In Griechenland eine der häufigsten Chrysis ”) (Linsenmaier 1968) and in Turkey (based on material deposited in NMLU and BZL). Chrysis handlirschi, described from Turkey, was instead considered a rare species (“ selten ”) (Linsenmaier 1959), actually known only from a few specimens deposited in his collection, BZL and NMPC. None of the authors cited above has examined the type series of these two species. The type of Chrysis verna is currently considered lost like other Dahlbom’s types described from the Loew collection (Rosa & Vårdal 2015; Rosa et al. 2017b, 2020a), whereas the type of Chrysis handlirschi has turned out to be a female of C. verna sensu auctorum (Rosa et al. 2020a). Consequently, Rosa et al. (2020a) proposed to synonymise Chrysis handlirschi with C. verna and suggested that C. handlirschi sensu Linsenmaier (1959) (Figs 7, 8) could represent an undescribed species. Two taxa were synonymised by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with Chrysis handlirschi Mocsáry, 1889 and could have priority: Chrysis samia Bischoff, 1910 (Figs 9E–9G) and Chrysis handlirschi ab. astarte Balthasar, 1953. We (P.R.) checked the holotypes of both species. Chrysis samia is another synonym of Chrysis verna (Figs 9E–9G). On the other side, the name Chrysis handlirschi ab. astarte Balthasar, 1953 is unavailable, being described as an aberration (ICZN 1999, Art. 45.6.2). Therefore, we propose the new synonymy Chrysis verna Balthasar, 1953 = Chrysis samia Bischoff, 1910 syn. nov. and describe the taxon misidentified by Linsenmaier (1959) as Chrysis handlirschi as a new species, with the name Chrysis rasmonti Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 7, 8). In recent years, a process of revision and stabilization of the nomenclature of members of this large species group has started with the neotype designation of Chrysis comparata Lepeletier, 1806 (Rosa & Xu 2015), followed by lectotype designations, synonymisations and revalidations (e.g. Chrysis analis Spinola, 1806, C. apiata du Buysson, 1900, C. caucasicola Balthasar, 1953, C. caucasicola Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, C. chrysostigma Mocsáry, 1889, C. distinguenda Dahlbom, 1854, C. excisa Mocsáry, 1889, C. lateralis Dahlbom, 1845, C. miegii Guérin-Méneville, 1842) (Rosa 2009; Rosa et al. 2013, 2015, 2017b; Rosa & Vårdal 2015; Rosa & Xu 2015). Chrysis rasmonti sp. nov. (Figs 7, 8) is similar to C. verna (Figs 9A–9D), yet males and females can be easily separated by elongate malar spaces (2.0 × MOD vs. 1.0 × MOD); metasomal sterna red (vs. green to blue); black spots on sternum II subrectangular (vs. subtrapezoidal). Moreover, females of C. rasmonti sp. nov. can be easily separated by body colour (compare Fig. 8A and 9A) with mesosoma green with a golden red stripe on posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 8A) (vs. pronotum and lateral areas of mesoscutum shining green, contrasting with blue median area of mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum (Fig. 9A)). Males can be easily recognised by body colour, elongate malar spaces, subrectangular black spots on sternum II, and finally by the different shape of the genital capsule (Figs 14A, 14B)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 643 pp.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Dahlbom, A. G. (1854) Hymenoptera europaea praecipue borealia, formis typicis nonnullis specierum generumve exoticorum aut extraneorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus secundus. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Friedrich Nicolai, Berolini [Berlin], xxiv + 412 pp., 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15890","Bischoff, H. (1910) Die Chrysididen des Koniglichen Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 4 (3), 427 - 493, pl. 7.","Invrea, F. (1943) Crisidi raccolti in Albania dal Dott. Capra. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 75, 54 - 58.","Balthasar, V. (1953) Monographie des Chrysides de Palestine et des pais limitrophes. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 27 (Supplement 2), 1 - 317.","Rosa, P. & Vardal, H. (2015) An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes. ZooKeys, 495, 79 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 495.9356","Rosa, P., Vas, Z. & Xu, Z. - F. (2017 b) The Palaearctic types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Zootaxa, 4252 (1), 1 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4252.1.1","Rosa, P., Madl, M., Zettel, H. & Zimmermann, D. (2020 a) Annotated catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) types deposited at the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie B, 122, 17 - 140.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","Lepeletier, [A. L. M.] (1806) Memoire sur quelques especes nouvelles d'insectes de la section des Hymenopteres, appeles les Porte-tuyaux, et sur les caracteres de cette famille et des genres qui la composent. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 7, 115 - 129.","Rosa, P. & Xu, X. - F. (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin. ZooKeys, 471, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 471.6558","Spinola, M. (1806 - 1808) Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit Maximilianus Spinola, adjecto catalogo specierum auctoribus jam enumeratarum, quae in eadem regione passim occurrunt. Vols. 1 & 2. Yves Gravier, Genuae, pp. 1 - 160 (1806) & 83 - 262 (1808). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65985","du Buysson, R. (1900) Contribution aux Chrysidides du Globe (4 e serie). Revue d'Entomologie, 19, 125 - 165.","Semenov-Tian-Shanskij A. P. (1967) New species of gold wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 43, 118 - 184. [in Russian]","Dahlbom, A. G. (1845) Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Particula secunda. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, 20 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66977","Guerin-Meneville, M. (1842) Description de quelques Chrysidides nouvelles. Revue Zoologique, 5 (5), 144 - 150.","Rosa, P. (2009) Catalogo dei tipi dei Crisidi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" G. Doria \" di Genova (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 100, 209 - 272.","Rosa, P., Lotfalizadeh, H. & Pourrafei, L. (2013) First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) of Iran. Zootaxa, 3700 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.1.1"]}

Parnopes grandior (Pallas, 1771) Chrysis grandior Pallas, 1771: 474. Holotype ♂; Russia (MfN). Parnopes grandior: Jaroszewicz 2007: 19. Lebanon (without locality). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Tannourine El Tahta, Wadi Ain Al Raha, 1187 m, 21.vi.2017, 1♂, leg. M. Boustani, det. P. Rosa, on Asteraceae: Echinops gaillardotii (TCFNR). Distribution. Lebanon. Widely distributed from Europe to North Africa, from the Caucasus to Central Asia (Rosa et al. 2019). Considered to be a declining and endangered species, included in the Red Lists of some European countries and Russia., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Pallas, P. S. (1771) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Erster Theil. Kayserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, pp. i - x + 3 - 504 pp., pls. 1 - 11.","Jaroszewicz, B. (2007) Parnopes grandior (Pallas, 1771) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) in Poland and its status in adjacent countries. Fragmenta Faunistica, 50 (1), 19 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00159301 FF 2007.50.1.019","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Chrysura baccha Balthasar, 1953 Chrysis baccha Balthasar, 1953: 175. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (NMPC) (radians group). Chrysis (Chrysura) baccha: Linsenmaier 1959: 82 (Lebanon, without localities). Material examined. Lebanon: Felonka [Locality not found, may refer to “Falougha” but we can confirm the presence in Lebanon, since Mavroustakis was collecting in the country at this date], 17.v.1953, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. Greece, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Balthasar, V. (1953) Monographie des Chrysides de Palestine et des pais limitrophes. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 27 (Supplement 2), 1 - 317.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232."]}

Chrysis pseudoincisa Balthasar, 1953 * Chrysis pseudoincisa Balthasar, 1953: 272. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (NMPC) (rufitarsis group). Material examined. S. Lebanon (coastal border): Ras El Nakura, 9.vii., 1♀, leg. Bytinski-Salz, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU). N. Lebanon: Hadath El Jebbeh, Border of Cedar Forest, 1681 m, 28.vi.2018, 1♂, leg. M. Boustani, det. P. Rosa (MBOU); Arz Tannourine, Reserve House, 1786 m, 31.vii.2019, 1♀, leg. X. Van achter, det. P. Rosa (XVA); Arz Bcharre, 1900 m, 24.vii.2019, 2♂, leg. X. Van achter, det. P. Rosa (XVA). Distribution. * Lebanon. Turkey, Greece (Rhodes), Cyprus, Syria, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968). Remarks. All records collected in Cedrus libani woods., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Balthasar, V. (1953) Monographie des Chrysides de Palestine et des pais limitrophes. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 27 (Supplement 2), 1 - 317.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144."]}

Isadelphia schmiedecknechti (Mocsáry, 1899) Parnopes schmiedeknechtii Mocsáry, 1899: 493. Lectotype ♀, designated by Kimsey 1987: 90; Lebanon: Brummana [= Syria: Brumana] (HNHM). Rosa et al. 2017b: 115 (Plate 89, lectotype). Distribution. Lebanon. Turkey, Middle East, Egypt (Kimsey & Bohart 1991)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Mocsary, A. (1899) Species Chrysididarum novae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 22, 483 - 494.","Kimsey, L. S. (1987) Review of the Subfamily Parnopinae (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 60 (1), 83 - 91.","Rosa, P., Vas, Z. & Xu, Z. - F. (2017 b) The Palaearctic types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Zootaxa, 4252 (1), 1 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4252.1.1","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp."]}

Pseudomalus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) * Sphex aurata Linnaeus, 1758: 572. Holotype ♀; Europe (London, Linnean Society). Material examined. Beirut, 9.iv.1965, 1♀, leg. J. Klapperich, det. W. Linsenmaier 1990 (NMLU). N. Lebanon: El Tahta, Wadi Ain Al Raha, 1187 m, 29.vi.2017, 2♀, leg. M. Boustani, det. P. Rosa, on Fabaceae: Ononis natrix (MBOU). Distribution. * Lebanon. Holarctic species, widely distributed from Europe and North Africa to China, Korea, and Japan (Rosa et al. 2019). Accidentally introduced into North America (Bohart & Kimsey 1982)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Refurmata. Tomus I. Laurenti Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 + IV pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360.","Bohart, R. M. & Kimsey, L. S. (1982) A synopsis of the Chrysididae in America North of Mexico. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 33, 1 - 266."]}

Chrysis athalia Balthasar, 1953 Chrysis facialis f. athalia Balthasar, 1953: 247. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (NMPC) (facialis group). Chrysis filiafacialis Linsenmaier, 1959: 105. Unnecessary repl. name for Chrysis facialis athalia Balthasar, 1953. Chrysis athalia: Strumia & Fallahzadeh 2015: 11 (Fig. 14, Bekaa, 14.vi.1953). Distribution. Lebanon. Palestine, Syria (Linsenmaier 1959; Strumia & Fallahzadeh 2015). Remarks. Linsenmaier (1959) and Kimsey & Bohart (1991) considered athalia Balthasar, 1953 an unavailable name, but the taxon has been correctly described and the name is valid and available. The replacement name filiafacialis Linsenmaier, 1959 has to be considered unnecessary., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Balthasar, V. (1953) Monographie des Chrysides de Palestine et des pais limitrophes. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 27 (Supplement 2), 1 - 317.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Strumia, F. & Fallahzadeh, M. (2015) New records and three new species of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) from Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 3 (15), 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.12976 / jib / 2015.3.15","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp."]}

Philoctetes acuminatus Rosa & Boustani, sp. nov. (Figs 3A–3J) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73C05C4E-FA96-4B96-ADE2-7E0752D10895 Diagnosis. Philoctetes acuminatus sp. nov. is characterised by having conical and apically pointed metanotum (Fig. 3C); female face dimorphic, with lenticular shape; female scapal basin entirely polished (Fig. 3B), male scapal basin with or without irregular, shallow wrinkles (Fig. 3E); mesosoma with long, black and erect setae (Figs 3C, 3G); metasoma with shorter, whitish setae (Figs 3D, 3H); mesoscutum with shallow punctures, irregularly sparse in female (Fig. 3A), mostly clumped along notauli in male (Fig. 3I); metasomal apical notch deep, with thickened and darkened apical margin; male tergum II dorsally black (Fig. 3H). Material examined. LEBANON: Holotype, N. Lebanon: Bcharre, Qornet Es Sawda, 2909 m, 30.vii.2019, ♀, on Asphodeline taurica leg. M. Boustani (NMLU). Paratypes: Collected in the same locality and on the same flowers, 21.vii.2017, 1♂, leg. M. Boustani (PRC); Bcharre, Plateau Qornet Es Sawda, 2909 m, 12.vii.2018, 1♂, leg. M. Boustani (PRC), on Asphodeline taurica (MBOU). Description. Female holotype (Fig. 3A–3D). Body length: 4.4 mm. Head. OOL = 3.0 × MOD; POL = 3.0 × MOD; MS = 0.5 × MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1:1.2:0.9:0.9. Punctures on frons and face, laterally to scapal basin, relatively large (up to 0.6–0.7 × MOD) and deep (Fig. 3B); punctures along posterior margin of vertex smaller, shallower and sparser, interspaces wide and polished; scapal basin deep, glabrous, entirely polished; genae impunctate; genal carina not bisecting malar space; apical margin of clypeus trilobed, median lobe with brown rim, lateral ones hyaline apically; ocellar triangle isosceles; post-ocellar line incomplete, formed by short line (about 1.0 × MOD) close to posterior ocelli. Mesosoma. Punctures on pronotum shallow, smaller than those on vertex, laterally denser; punctures on mesoscutum small (0.2–0.4 × MOD), sparse, shallow and irregular, larger and deeper between notauli; notaular pit deep and short (about 1.0 × MOD); punctures on mesoscutellum large (1 MOD); metascutellum elongate, as long as 1.5 × mesoscutellum length, convex, triangularly shaped in dorsal view, ending in short, raised, median prominence (Fig. 3C); punctures on metascutellum large, irregular, and contiguous; mesopleuron ventrally carinate. Metasoma. Tergum I mostly impunctate; sparse and tiny punctures at base of anterior declivity and laterally; apical margin of tergum I impunctate, brown, without metallic reflections; tergum II densely punctate antero-dorsally, punctures sparse laterally (up to 4 PD) and posteriorly; punctures on tergum III denser, larger, irregular; apical margin of tergum III gently curved before apical notch; apical notch deep, triangular bordered by brownish rim (Fig. 3D). Colour. Head and thorax metallic blue with greenish reflections, brassy to blackish on metanotum; metasoma golden, apically black on tergum II; apical margin of tergum III red to purple with brownish rim. Legs metallic green to blue, tarsi dark brown. Scape metallic green; pedicel, and flagellum entirely black. Vestiture. Frons and mesosoma with long (2.0 × MOD), erect, black setae; metasoma laterally with short (1.0 × MOD), whitish setae; legs with short (1.0 × MOD) whitish setae. Male (3E–3J). Body length 4.0 mm. Smaller than female. Head unmodified, triangular (Fig. 3E); vertex, from ocellar triangle to occiput, widely impunctate, punctures sparse and shallow; mesoscutum less punctate (Fig. 3I), widely polished in one paratype, with shallow punctures along notauli; mesoscutellum ending in short, raised, median prominence (Fig. 3G); greenish head and mesosoma (Fig. 3G), tergum I–II black dorsally, without metallic reflections (Fig. 3H). Genitalia as seen in Fig. 3F–3J. Etymology. The specific name acuminatus (masculine, adjective) derives from the Latin adjective acuminatus (with a sharp point), referring to the pointed posterior margin of metanotum. Collecting site (Fig. 2C). The locality of the type and paratypes is in the alpine strip of Mount Lebanon, near the 3000 m a.s.l. peak. The flora of the area is characterised by having mainly Onobrychis cornuta and Astragalus angustifolius, and the visited flower for all three specimens in this case: Asphodeline taurica (Fig. 2D). At the time of collection some snow remains in the colder small valleys. Remarks. Philoctetes acuminatus sp. nov. is similar to some species of the P. putoni group in having long and dark setae on mesosoma and the conical metanotum, apically raised. The concept of species groups in the genus Philoctetes is not yet established, however some generalizations could be done. Mountainous species from the Alps to Central Asian mountains share some diagnostic features, such as flattened body, shallow punctuation, and long, blackish erect setae. Within this species group we include Philoctetes putoni (du Buysson, 1892) and P. helveticus (Linsenmaier 1959), both endemic to the Alps (Rosa et al. 2017c), and P. hirsutus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932), P. hirtus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932), and P. elongatus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954 from Central Asia. Alpine species show a more or less mucronate metanotum, Central Asian species show a conical metanotum. Philoctetes acuminatus sp. nov. is closely related to P. hirtus, known from Kyrgyzstan, yet it can be easily separated by the distinctly enlarged female face, lenticular, and the scapal basin entirely polished (vs. more triangularly shaped, scapal basin laterally punctate and wrinkled); vestiture short and whitish on head and metasoma, without long and erect black setae, sparse and black on metasoma (vs. long, dense and black bristles all over body); black and erect setae on metasoma sparser; metanotum apically raised (vs. conical); mesopleuron antero-ventrally carinate (vs. without carina). Based on general habitus, only one Mediterranean species, P. punctulatus (Dahlbom, 1845), can be associated with P. acuminatus sp. nov. However, in P. punctulatus the female face is unmodified, the vestiture is short and whitish all over body, the metanotum is not distinctly conical to postero-medially pointed, the apical notch of tergum III is shallow and simple, without thickened margins, and the metasoma is usually fully metallic; male flagellomeres are elongate, l/w about 1.5 (in P. acuminatus sp. nov.). Another vaguely related species is Elampus magrettii du Buysson in Magretti, 1890, which was described from a single specimen collected at Damascus (Syria). This species was transferred to the genus Pseudomalus Ashmead by Rosa (2009) because the mesoscutal punctation is similar to Pseudomalus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) and because of its stocky habitus. However, it was also considered similar to Philoctetes punctulatus (Rosa 2009) and possibly it belongs to the same genus. A re-examination of the holotype is needed to clarify its current generic placement. However, P. magrettii can be separated from P. acuminatus sp. nov. by short and whitish body vestiture and simple metanotum, which is not distinctly conical or apically raised., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1892 - 1895) Les Chrysides. Tome Sixieme. In: Andre, E. (Ed.), Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe & d'Algerie. Vve Dubosclard, Paris, pp. I - XII + 13 - 758, 64 unnumbered pages + 32 pls. [pp. 89 - 208 (1892), 273 - 400 (1894), 401 - 624 (1895)]","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Rosa, P., Zilioli, M. & Jacobs, M. (2017 c) Notes on endemic alpine chrysidids, with key to Alpine Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879 and remarks on two rarely collected species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Natural History Sciences, Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e delMuseo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 4 (1), 9 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / nhs. 2017.325","Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. P. (1932) Supplementa ad Chrysididarum monographias ab A. G. Dahlbom (1854), A. Mocsary (1889), R. du Buysson (1896) et H. Bishoff (1913) editas. I. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 42 (3), 1 - 48.","Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. P. & Nikol'skaya, M. N. (1954) [Cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of Tajikistan]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 15, 89 - 137. [in Russian]","Dahlbom, A. G. (1845) Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Particula secunda. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, 20 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66977","Magretti, P. (1890) Imenotteri di Siria raccolti dall'Avv. to Augusto Medana, R. Console d'Italia a Tripoli di Siria, con descrizione di alcune specie nuove. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 29, 522 - 530.","Rosa, P. (2009) Catalogo dei tipi dei Crisidi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" G. Doria \" di Genova (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 100, 209 - 272.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Refurmata. Tomus I. Laurenti Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 + IV pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542"]}

Cleptes sp. Material examined. N. Lebanon: Horch Ehden, 1686 m, 22.vii.2019, 1♀, leg. X. Van achter (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. Remarks. This female belongs to an undescribed species, currently under description in another paper dealing with new Mediterranean species of the genus Cleptes Latreille (Rosa, Makris & Boustani, in prep.). Collection locality in Fig. 2A., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705

Philoctetes tiberiadis (du Buysson, 1887) Philoctetes tiberiadis du Buysson, 1887: 171. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Tiberias (MHNH). Philoctetes tiberiadis: Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 258 (Lebanon, without locality). Distribution. Lebanon (Kimsey & Bohart 1991), Syria, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959). Linsenmaier (1968) listed Tunisia, likely a locality error. We could not find any northern African specimens in his collection or other collections., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1887) Descriptions de Chrysidides nouvelles. Revue d'Entomologie, 6, 167 - 201.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144."]}

Chrysis interpellator Linsenmaier, 1968 Chrysis (Chrysis) interpellator Linsenmaier, 1968: 95. Holotype ♀; Lebanon, without locality (NMLU) (comparata group). Material examined. Holotype, Bcharre (N. Lebanon), 1670 m, 27.vi.1960, ♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1966 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. Turkey (Linsenmaier 1968)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144."]}

Chrysis facialis du Buysson, 1887 Chrysis facialis du Buysson, 1887: 196. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Tiberias (MNHN) (facialis group). Chrysis (Chrysis) facialis: Linsenmaier 1959: 105 (Lebanon, without locality). Material examined. Mt. Lebanon: Ein El Arar, 25.v.1953, 1♀, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU); Nahr El Kelb, 27.v.1953, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. Turkey, Syria, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1887) Descriptions de Chrysidides nouvelles. Revue d'Entomologie, 6, 167 - 201.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144."]}

Chrysis pseudoanalis Linsenmaier, 1968 Chrysis pseudoanalis Linsenmaier, 1968: 93. Holotype ♀; Lebanon: Becharre [= Bcharre] (NMLU) (comparata group). Material examined. Holotype, N. Lebanon: Bcharre, 1670 m, 3.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); allotype ♂ and paratype ♀, same locality, 1670 m, 27.vi.1960, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU); Bcharre, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon Linsenmaier, 1968., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144."]}

Philoctetes syriacus (du Buysson, 1900) Ellampus syriacus du Buysson, 1900: 129. Holotype ♂; Lebanon: Beirut (HECO). Omalus (Philoctetes) syriacus: Linsenmaier 1959: 21. Philoctetes syriacus: Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 257. Distribution. Lebanon (Syria in literature, because it was described before the end of the French mandate)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1900) Contribution aux Chrysidides du Globe (4 e serie). Revue d'Entomologie, 19, 125 - 165.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp."]}

Philoctetes bogdanovii bogdanovii (Radoszkowski, 1877) Holopyga bogdanovii Radoszkowski, 1877: 5. Holotype ♂; Uzbekistan: Sarafschan (MMZU). Omalus (Omalus) bogdanovi (!): Linsenmaier 1968: 10 (Lebanon, without locality). Pseudomalus bogdanovi (!): Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 299. Material examined. N. Lebanon: Bcharre, 1500 m, 1.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963; Cedars, 1830 m, 4.vii.1960, 1♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon. European part of Russia, Caucasus, Crimea, Europe, western Asia, Iran, and Turkey (Rosa et al. 2019)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Radoszkowski, O. (1877) Chrysidiformes, Mutillidae et Sphegidae. In: Putieshestvie v Turkestan A. P. Fedtshenko [Voyage au Turkestan d'Alexis Fedtschenko], Sankt-Petersburg, (14) 2 (5), pp. 1 - 87, 8 pls. [in Russian and Latin]","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","Rosa, P., Lelej, A. S., Belokobylskij, S. A., Vinokurov, N. B. & Zaytseva, L. A. (2019) Illustrated and annotated check-list of the Russian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 23, 1 - 360."]}

Holopyga amoenula oriensa Linsenmaier, 1959 * Holopyga amoenula oriensa Linsenmaier, 1959: 31. Holotype ♂; Turkey: Akşehir (NMLU). Material examined. N. Lebanon: Bcharre, 1700 m, 3.vii.1960, 2♀, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1993 (NMLU); Kadisha Grotto, 1700 m, 21.vi.1960, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1993 (NMLU); Horch Ehden Nature Reserve, 1567 m, 19.vi.2016, 1♀, leg. M. Boustani, A. Kotán, W. Yammine, det. P. Rosa. Distribution. * Lebanon. Iran, Turkey, Greece, Syria, Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968; Rosa et al. 2013)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Rosa, P., Lotfalizadeh, H. & Pourrafei, L. (2013) First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) of Iran. Zootaxa, 3700 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.1.1"]}

Holopyga inflammata (Förster, 1853) Ellampus inflammatus Förster, 1853: 348. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Italy, Hungary (MfN). Holopyga inflammata: Linsenmaier 1968: 18 (Lebanon, without locality). Distribution. Lebanon, Europe, North Africa, western Asia (Linsenmaier 1997, 1999). Remarks. Linsenmaier (1968) reported that one ♀ from Lebanon has coarse punctation on the posterior part of the metasoma, although less coarse than Holopyga caucasica (Mocsáry, 1889). This specimen is no longer deposited in his collection, however, it could be H. caucasica. In fact, Linsenmaier, based on the examination of specimens deposited in his collection, considered as H. caucasica a species from Cyprus not yet described, with coarser punctation on the second metasomal tergum. This species group needs revision., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Forster, A. (1853) Eine Centurie neuer Hymenopteren. Beschreibungen neuer Arten aus der Familae der Chrysididen. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens, 10, 266 - 362.","Linsenmaier, W. (1968) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 41 (1 - 4), 1 - 144.","Linsenmaier, W. (1997) Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, 18 (19), 245 - 300.","Linsenmaier, W. (1999) Die Goldwespen Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 281.","Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum Universi. Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 643 pp."]}

Cleptes libanoticus Linsenmaier, 1959 Cleptes libanoticus Linsenmaier, 1959: 9. Holotype ♂; Lebanon: Mt. Barouk (NMLU) (aerosus group). Cleptes libanoticus: Rosa et al. 2020b: 60 (catalogue), 61 (Fig. 8, illustrations of the type). Material examined. Holotype, Mt. Lebanon: Mt. Barouk, 22.v.1953, 1♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLU). Distribution. Lebanon (Mt. Barouk)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232.","Rosa, P., Heim, H. & Bernasconi, M. (2020 b) The Palaearctic types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the Linsenmaier collection, Luzern. Part 1. Cleptes Latreille. Zootaxa, 4881 (1), 54 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4881.1.3"]}

Stilbum cyanurum (Forster, 1771) * Chrysis cyanura Forster [not Förster], 1771: 89. Holotype ♂; Spain (NHMUK). Material examined. Kadisha River (N. Lebanon), 1760 m, 22.vi.1960, 2♂, leg. G.A. Mavromoustakis, det. W. Linsenmaier 1963 (NMLU). Distribution. * Lebanon. Subcosmopolitan, from Palearctic to Oriental and Afrotropical (Kimsey & Bohart 1991)., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Forster, J. R. (1771) Novae Species Insectorum. Centuria I. Davies and White, London, 100 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 152194","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp."]}

Chrysis klio Balthasar, 1953 stat. resurr.* (Fig. 4A–4E) Chrysis klio Balthasar, 1953: 257. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Jerusalem [not holotype ♀ from Afghanistan, Schau, Kokscha-Tal, Badakschar Mts.] (NMPC) (varidens group). Chrysis (Chrysogona) klio: Linsenmaier 1987: 146 (diagnosis). Synonym of Chrysis varidens Abeille de Perrin, 1878 according to Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 474. Material examined. N. Lebanon: Arz Bcharre, 1900 m, 14.vii.2019, 1♂, leg. X. Van achter, det. P. Rosa (PRC). Caught in a yellow pan trap. Distribution. * Lebanon. Palestine (Balthasar 1953). Remarks. Chrysis klio Balthasar was not included in Linsenmaier’s (1959) revision of the European species and in his supplement (1968). It was taken into consideration only later (Linsenmaier 1987), when the author provided a diagnostic description. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) synonymised it with Chrysis varidens Abeille de Perrin, 1878. We checked Balthasar’s type at MHNP (Figs 4A–4D), and it matches Balthasar’s (1953) and Linsenmaier’s (1987) descriptions, with less contrasting colouring, and with the face, mesopleura, tegula and propodeum green to greenish-gold instead of deep blue. Besides the colour, the two most important diagnostic characters that separate the two species are: (i) the shape of the apical margin of the third metasomal tergum, with four well-formed and visible teeth (Fig. 4D) (teeth usually like undulations in the typical Chrysis varidens (Fig. 4F)); (ii) the shape of the male genital capsule, in particular the different shape of the gonocoxa, which is deeply indented between the base of the gonostylus and the upper gonocoxal margin (Fig. 4E). We here resurrect Chrysis klio Balthasar, 1953 stat. resurr. from the previous synonymy with Chrysis varidens, based on the above listed characters., Published as part of Boustani, Mira & Rosa, Paolo, 2022, Survey of cuckoo wasps of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with description of four new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6257705, {"references":["Balthasar, V. (1953) Monographie des Chrysides de Palestine et des pais limitrophes. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 27 (Supplement 2), 1 - 317.","Linsenmaier, W. (1987) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). 4 Teil. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 60 (1 - 2), 133 - 158.","Abeille de Perrin, E. (1878) Diagnoses de Chrysides nouvelles. Published by the author, Marseille, 6 pp.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York, 652 pp.","Linsenmaier, W. (1959) Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der europaischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (1), 1 - 232."]}