Search

Abstract Trans people have diverse life experiences which may include gender-affirming care (GAC). GAC positively impacts the quality of life of trans adults. However, they are often met with barriers to care and are particularly vulnerable within the healthcare system. The needs and expectations surrounding GAC may vary between individual patients. This article aims to analyze trans adults’ perceptions, expectations, and recommendations on GAC. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted by a team of academic and peer researchers; transcribed interviews were then analyzed using a codebook and thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified; the liberating experience of GAC; the uneven distribution of knowledge and power between patients and providers; and the recommended practices in GAC. Additional training and research are necessary to facilitate high-quality care for trans adults accessing GAC.

Abstract We investigate solvent effects in the hydrodeoxygenation of 4-propylguaiacol (4PG, 166 amu), a key lignin-derived monomer, over Ru/C catalyst by combined operando synchrotron photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. With and without isooctane co-feeding, ring-hydrogenated 2-methoxy-4-propylcyclohexanol (172 amu) is the first product, due to the favorable flat adsorption configuration of 4PG on the catalyst surface. In contrast, tetrahydrofuran (THF)—a polar aprotic solvent that is representative of those used for lignin solubilization and upgrading—strongly coordinates to the catalyst surface at the oxygen atom. This induces a local steric hindrance, blocking the flat adsorption of 4PG more effectively, as it needs more Ru sites than the tilted adsorption configuration revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Therefore, THF suppresses benzene ring hydrogenation, favoring a demethoxylation route that yields 4-propylphenol (136 amu), followed by dehydroxylation to propylbenzene (120 amu). Solvent selection may provide new avenues for controlling catalytic selectivity.

The diversity of the plant biomass available on earth makes plants an exceptional resource for replacing fossil resources in green chemistry, bioenergy and biobased materials. For numerous applications, and especially the high-tech ones (building block molecules, high-power bioenergy, additive manufacturing of biobased materials), the macrostructure assemblies of the plant biomass often need to be first broken down into a fine powder. This can be achieved by dry fractionation process combining comminution and sorting steps. The chemical and physical properties of the ground plant powder results both from the process conditions, the histological structure and chemical composition of the raw plant materials. In a forward engineering approach, the quality of the final products can be highly improved by the selection of the right powder (raw materials and production process) for the right application.This article provides production routes together with physical and chemical characterization of 10 biomass powders from 6 different biomass feedstocks (SP - spirulina, HI - hibiscus, PB - pine bark, HC - hemp Core, RH - rice husk and RHA - rice husk ash). These feedstocks represent a broad range of raw materials properties. For pine bark, hemp core, rice husk and rice husk ash, two grades of powders related to two different particle sizes were produced by two different routes to highlight the impact of the comminution process on the powder properties. The devices used and the process parameters are described. The morphological properties of the powder were quantified using laser diffraction (particle size) and image analysis (shape factor) and qualitatively analyzed with SEM. The specific surface area was determined using gas sorption with BET theory, and the hygroscopic properties were measured using direct vapor sorption. The chemical characterizations were determined with a set of biochemical assays and, complementary, FTIR and fluorescence spectra were recorded to provide fingerprints of samples. The dataset includes tables that summarize the main characteristic descriptors of each analysis as well as the raw data.The data are registered in the French Research Data Gouv public repository and also stored in the PO2 BaGaTel database using the PO2/TransformON ontology [1]. SPO2Q web tool allows on line querying of the database, which can also be consulted using PO2 manager desktop application [1–3]

Abstract There is an urgent need to monitor the mental health of large populations, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to timely identify the most at-risk subgroups and to design targeted prevention campaigns. We therefore developed and validated surveillance indicators related to suicidality: the monthly number of hospitalisations caused by suicide attempts and the prevalence among them of five known risks factors. They were automatically computed analysing the electronic health records of fifteen university hospitals of the Paris area, France, using natural language processing algorithms based on artificial intelligence. We evaluated the relevance of these indicators conducting a retrospective cohort study. Considering 2,911,920 records contained in a common data warehouse, we tested for changes after the pandemic outbreak in the slope of the monthly number of suicide attempts by conducting an interrupted time-series analysis. We segmented the assessment time in two sub-periods: before (August 1, 2017, to February 29, 2020) and during (March 1, 2020, to June 31, 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. We detected 14,023 hospitalisations caused by suicide attempts. Their monthly number accelerated after the COVID-19 outbreak with an estimated trend variation reaching 3.7 (95%CI 2.1–5.3), mainly driven by an increase among girls aged 8–17 (trend variation 1.8, 95%CI 1.2–2.5). After the pandemic outbreak, acts of domestic, physical and sexual violence were more often reported (prevalence ratios: 1.3, 95%CI 1.16–1.48; 1.3, 95%CI 1.10–1.64 and 1.7, 95%CI 1.48–1.98), fewer patients died (p = 0.007) and stays were shorter (p

Alors que le rugby a connu une diffusion mondiale limitée, l’Hexagone a embrassé ce sport avec enthousiasme. Cette acculturation réussie s’explique en grande partie par les étroites relations tissées entre pratiquants français et britanniques. L’article tente d’analyser ce transfert culturel en revenant sur les premiers joueurs « anglais » des années 1860-1880, puis sur les processus d’ouverture aux autochtones. La transmission du feu sacré est suivie d’une forme de tutelle britannique jusqu’en 1914 : des joueurs, des entraîneurs et des équipes franchissent la Manche et permettent aux pratiquants français de capter les principales évolutions techniques et tactiques d’Albion. Cette relation spéciale trouve sa consécration dans la première participation du XV tricolore au Tournoi des Cinq Nations en 1910.

Abstract Background Drug consumption rooms offer heroin and cocaine consumers a secure and hygienic environment including medical and social guidance. Despite the support and mentoring, only sparse information is available about how drug quality, drug prices and user expectations match at these locations. The present study reports analysis of these three parameters in two drug consumption rooms in Luxembourg. Methods Drug users were invited to participate in the project by handing in a few milligrams of the product they planned to consume for chemical analysis and filling out a short questionnaire about the price and their expectations. After consumption, they were asked to report the experienced effects. Drug quality was accessed using LC-Q-ToF and HPLC–UV, and a statistical analysis was carried out of the questionnaires that were correctly filled out. Results A total of 513 drug samples have been analyzed. Most consumers were looking for the relaxing/calming effects of heroin and the stimulating effects of cocaine, but they generally overestimated heroin potency and underestimated cocaine potency. No strong correlation based on Spearman’s ρ between drug user estimations, drug prices and drug quality was found. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to combine drug analysis with heroin and cocaine user feedback about expectation, drug prices and drug effects. The analytical results were of great interest for users and the staff working at the drug consumption rooms. They may be a strong supplementary communication tool for health care workers when discussing effects and risks of highly toxic substance consumption.

In the present work, an innovative range of foams based on flax gum-filled epoxy resin was developed, reinforced or not by flax fibers. Foams and composites with different gum and epoxy resin contents were produced and their mechanical and thermal performances were characterized. To enhance the organic flax gum filler’s cross-linking, we exploited the oxidized components’ reactivity with the amine hardener (isophorone diamine). We compared the materials obtained with those derived from the native components. The flax gum and fibers were primarily characterized by chemical analysis, NMR, and FTIR to evaluate the mild oxidation of the native materials. The formation of chemical bonds between the oxidized polymer chains, epoxy resin, and hardener was evidenced by FTIR, and the materials were then studied by SEM and X-ray computed micro-tomography (CT) and submitted to mechanical and thermal tests. The relevance of the oxidation treatment was highlighted through a significant increase in density and mechanical performance (+36% and +81%, respectively, for the 100% flax gum material). The positive effect of the flax fibers on homogeneity evidenced through micro-CT analysis was also clearly addressed. This set of promising results paves the way for the future development of fully flax-based insulation composite materials.

Abstract Background Promoting sexual health is key to improving the supportive behaviors and well-being of young people. With the advent of the Internet, web-based features for sexual health promotion may be attractive to a diverse range of young people. This study aims to assess young people’s proposals regarding a web-based intervention for sexual health promotion. Methods Nineteen French young people aged 15–24 years participated to the study. In a semi-structured interview, they presented their views on a web-based intervention for sexual promotion. Data were coded with N’Vivo and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis to explore their proposals. Results The majority of participants (n = 18) thought that a web-based intervention for sexual health promotion would be attractive. Young people interviewed made 31 concrete proposals for sexual health promotion on the Internet. Participatory and interactive dimensions on the internet appeared essential, with the need for stimulating activities and interaction with peers, but also with competent professionals and moderation. Face to the risks of the internet, they expressed the need of a secure and confidential space, to generate trust and participation in intervention. For participants, sexual health should be addressed in all its dimensions, taking into account the relational, sexual, and gender dimensions, and by incrementing on the internet valid, credible and personalized content. Conclusions In sexual health promotion, young people are indispensable stakeholders who can make concrete proposals and can also participate in content creation and research. More broadly, in health promotion, involving target audiences in decisions represents a promising perspective.

BackgroundAlthough the health benefits of physical activity (PA) are recognized, prostate cancer patients do not follow PA recommendations. Barriers to PA, whether physical, environmental or organizational, are known. Furthermore, even when these barriers are overcome, this achievement is not systematically accompanied by lifestyle change. Many strategies have shown to be effective in increasing patient adherence to PA. This study aims to assess the feasibility and the viability of the Acti-Pair program which combines three strategies: peer support, a personalized and realistic PA project, and support from health and adapted physical activity professionals in a local context.Methods and analysisWe conducted a pilot study utilizing a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology, employing feasibility and viability assessments. Quantitative assessments included recruitment, retention adherence rates, process and potential effectiveness (PA and motivation) indicators; while qualitative methods were used to evaluate the program's practicality, suitability and usefulness. Indicators of potential effectiveness were assessed before and after the intervention using a Wilcoxon test for matched data. Qualitative data were collected through semistructured interviews conducted by two researchers with various program stakeholders. The study lasted for 3 years.ResultsTwenty-four patients were recruited over a 25-month period. Forty-two percent of patients completed the program 3 months after the beginning. We recruited 14 peers and trained nine peers over a 10-month period. The program was coordinated extensively by adapted PA professionals, while health professionals were involved in recruiting patients and peers. Self-reporting of moderate to vigorous PA was increased after the Acti-Pair program initiation [42.86 (30.76) at baseline to 53.29 (50.73)]. Intrinsic motivation significantly increased after participation in the Acti-Pair program [1.76 (1.32) before the intervention vs. 2.91 (1.13) after the intervention]. The key player to support the Acti-Pair program in the field has been the PA support system. The main challenge has been the difficulty of health professionals in promoting PA.DiscussionThis pilot study has shown that the Acti-Pair program is feasible and viable. It will allow us to extend the peer support intervention to other contexts and assess the effectiveness of this intervention and its generalization.

The present work describes the use of novel flax preforms reinforcement as substitution of glass fibres in complex composite stackings made of polyurethane foam impregnated with methylene diphenyl 4, 4′-diisocyanate (MDI), for automotive headliner parts manufacturing. Headliner structure, cohesion and mechanical performances are highly dependant of MDI distribution in both foam and fibre network. This study monitors the presence and localization of MDI in the final biobased composite by implementing a robust and innovative spectroscopic methodology. For that, Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are used to characterize the fibres and polymer chemical groups, such as the isocyanate and phenyl bonds in MDI and the urethane group. MDI in the flax preform is identified by the signal of the isocyanate group in the infrared spectrum. The complementary Raman study highlight two signatures of the interaction between polyurethane and MDI. One is the shift from 1620 to 1610 cm−1 between the urethane and the MDI aromatic vibration. The second is the aromatic ring substitution at 1530 cm−1, which increases with the MDI concentration in the composite. These investigations demonstrate that MDI is present on the surfaces of flax fibres and foam and at the foam/fibre interfaces in the composite. The results clearly demonstrate the potential of flax for a use as headliner reinforcement, without penalizing the structure of the part.

Background: Prior research suggests that psychiatric disorders could be linked to increased mortality among patients with COVID-19. However, whether all or specific psychiatric disorders are intrinsic risk factors of death in COVID-19 or whether these associations reflect the greater prevalence of medical risk factors in people with psychiatric disorders has yet to be evaluated. Methods: We performed an observational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study to examine the association between psychiatric disorders and mortality among patients hospitalized for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at 36 Greater Paris University hospitals. Results: Of 15,168 adult patients, 857 (5.7%) had an ICD-10 diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. Over a mean follow-up period of 14.6 days (SD = 17.9), 326 of 857 (38.0%) patients with a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder died compared with 1276 of 14,311 (8.9%) patients without such a diagnosis (odds ratio 6.27, 95% CI 5.40–7.28, p < .01). When adjusting for age, sex, hospital, current smoking status, and medications according to compassionate use or as part of a clinical trial, this association remained significant (adjusted odds ratio 3.27, 95% CI 2.78–3.85, p < .01). However, additional adjustments for obesity and number of medical conditions resulted in a nonsignificant association (adjusted odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.84–1.23, p = .86). Exploratory analyses after the same adjustments suggested that a diagnosis of mood disorders was significantly associated with reduced mortality, which might be explained by the use of antidepressants. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the increased risk of COVID-19–related mortality in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for COVID-19 might be explained by the greater number of medical conditions and the higher prevalence of obesity in this population and not by the underlying psychiatric disease.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a Patient Navigation Intervention targeting deprived patients for Colo-Rectal Cancer (CRC) screening participation. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 5 districts. Peer Lay Patient Navigators were recruited to operate in deprived areas. Eligible participants had to be between 50 and 74 years old, live in these deprived areas and receive an invitation to the nationally organized Colo-Rectal Cancer (CRC) screening during the study period. The theory-driven navigation intervention was deployed for 18 months. A population Health Intervention Research assessment method was used to assess effectiveness and context interaction. The primary criterion was screening participation at 12 months. Results Twenty-four thousand two hundred eighty-one individuals were included inside 40 clusters. The increase in participation in the intervention group was estimated at 23%, (ORa = 1.23, CI95% [1.07–1.41], p = 0.003). For the subgroup of individuals who participated, the time delay to participating was reduced by 26% (ORa = 0.74, CI95% [0.57–0.96], p = 0.021). Main factors modulating the effect of the intervention were: closeness of navigator profiles to the targeted population, navigators’ abilities to adapt their modus operandi, and facilitating attachment structure. Conclusion The ColoNav Intervention succeeded in demonstrating its effectiveness, for CRC screening. Patient Navigation should be disseminate with broader health promotion goals in order to achieve equity in health care. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT02369757 24/02/2015.