723 results on '"Bourdelle, C"'
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2. The Problem of Marginality in Model Reductions of Turbulence
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Gillot, C., Dif-Pradalier, G., Sarazin, Y., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., Citrin, J., Garbet, X., Ghendrih, Ph., Grandgirard, V., Manas, P., and Widmer, F.
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Reduced quasilinear (QL) and nonlinear (gradient-driven) models with scale separations, commonly used to interpret experiments and to forecast turbulent transport levels in magnetised plasmas are tested against nonlinear models without scale separations (flux-driven). Two distinct regimes of turbulence -- either far above threshold or near marginal stability -- are investigated with Boltzmann electrons. The success of reduced models especially hinges on the reproduction of nonlinear fluxes. Good agreement between models is found above threshold whilst reduced models would significantly underpredict fluxes near marginality, overlooking mesoscale flow organisation and turbulence self-advection. Constructive prescriptions whereby to improve reduced models is discussed.
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- 2022
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3. Utilization of boron particulate wall conditioning in the full tungsten environment of WEST
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Lunsford, R., Gallo, A., Moreau, Ph., Diallo, A., Afonin, K., Nagy, A., Pellissier, F.-P., Guillemaut, C., Gunn, J.P., Bourdelle, C., Desgranges, C., Manas, P., Klepper, C.C., Tsitrone, E., Unterberg, E.A., and Vermare, L.
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- 2024
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4. First-principles-based multiple-isotope particle transport modelling at JET
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Marin, M., Citrin, J., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., Casson, F. J., Ho, A., Koechl, F., Maslov, M., and Contributors, JET
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Core turbulent particle transport with multiple isotopes can display observable differences in behaviour between the electron and ion particle channels. Experimental observations at JET with mixed H-D plasmas and varying NBI and gas-puff sources [M. Maslov et al., Nucl. Fusion 7 076022 (2018)] inferred source dominated electron peaking, but transport dominated isotope peaking. In this work, we apply the QuaLiKiz quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model within JINTRAC flux-driven integrated modelling, for core transport validation in this multiple-isotope regime. The experiments are successfully reproduced, predicting self consistently $ j $, $ n_{e} $, $ n_{Be} $, $ T_{e} $, $ T_{i} $, $\omega_{tor}$ and the isotope composition. As seen in the experiments, both H and D profiles are predicted to be peaked regardless of the core isotope source. An extensive sensitivity study confirmed that this result does not depend on the specific choices made for the boundary conditions and physics settings. While kinetic profiles and electron density peaking did vary depending on the simulation parameters, the isotope ratio remained nearly invariant, and tied to the electron density profile. These findings have positive ramifications for multiple-isotope fuelling, burn control, and helium ash removal., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
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- 2021
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5. Multiple-isotope pellet cycles captured by turbulent transport modelling in the JET tokamak
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Marin, M., Citrin, J., Garzotti, L., Valovic, M., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., Casson, F. J., Ho, A., Koechl, F., Maslov, M., and Contributors, JET
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
For the first time the pellet cycle of a multiple-isotope plasma is successfully reproduced with reduced turbulent transport modelling, within an integrated simulation framework. Future nuclear fusion reactors are likely to be fuelled by cryogenic pellet injection, due to higher penetration and faster response times. Accurate pellet cycle modelling is crucial to assess fuelling efficiency and burn control. In recent JET tokamak experiments, deuterium pellets with reactor-relevant deposition characteristics were injected into a pure hydrogen plasma. Measurements of the isotope ratio profile inferred a Deuterium penetration time comparable to the energy confinement time. The modelling successfully reproduces the plasma thermodynamic profiles and the fast deuterium penetration timescale. The predictions of the reduced turbulence model QuaLiKiz in the presence of a negative density gradient following pellet deposition are compared with GENE linear and nonlinear higher fidelity modelling. The results are encouraging with regard to reactor fuelling capability and burn control., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
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- 2021
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6. Flux-driven integrated modelling of main ion pressure and trace tungsten transport in ASDEX Upgrade
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Linder, O., Citrin, J., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Angioni, C., Bourdelle, C., Casson, F. J., Fable, E., Ho, A., Koechl, F., Sertoli, M., Team, the EUROfusion MST1, and Team, the ASDEX Upgrade
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Neoclassical and turbulent heavy impurity transport in tokamak core plasmas are determined by main ion temperature, density and toroidal rotation profiles. Thus, in order to understand and prevent experimental behaviour of W accumulation, flux-driven integrated modelling of main ion heat and particle transport over multiple confinement times is a vital prerequisite. For the first time, the quasilinear gyrokinetic code QuaLiKiz has been applied for successful predictions of core kinetic profiles in an ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharge in the turbulence dominated region within the integrated modelling suite JETTO. Neoclassical contributions are calculated by NCLASS; auxiliary heat and particle deposition profiles due to NBI and ECRH prescribed from previous analysis with TRANSP. Turbulent and neoclassical contributions are insufficient in explaining main ion heat and particle transport inside the $q=1$ surface, necessitating the prescription of further transport coefficients to mimic the impact of MHD activity on central transport. The ion to electron temperature ratio at the simulation boundary at $\rho_\mathrm{tor} = 0.85$ stabilizes ion scale modes while destabilizing ETG modes when significantly exceeding unity. Careful analysis of experimental measurements using Gaussian process regression techniques is carried out to explore reasonable uncertainties. In following trace W impurity transport simulations performed with additionally NEO, neoclassical transport under consideration of poloidal asymmetries alone is found to be insufficient to establish hollow central W density profiles. Reproduction of these conditions measured experimentally is found possible only when assuming the direct impact of a saturated $(m,n)=(1,1)$ MHD mode on heavy impurity transport., Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures
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- 2020
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7. Flux driven pedestal formation in tokamaks: turbulence simulations validated against the isotope effect
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De Dominici, G., Fuhr, G., Beyer, P., Bourdelle, C., Chôné, L., Cianfrani, F., Falchetto, G. L., Garbet, X., and Sarazin, Y.
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The spontaneous pedestal formation above a power threshold at the edge of magnetically confined plasma is modelled for the first time in flux driven three-dimensional fluid simulations of electromagnetic turbulence with the code EMEDGE3D. The role of the collisional friction between trapped and passing particles is shown to be the key ingredient for shearing the radial electric field, hence stabilizing the turbulence, rather than the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses. The isotope effect, observed in many tokamaks worldwide, is recovered in EMEDGE3D simulations: the power threshold for pedestal formation is lower for Tritium than for Deuterium. The turbulence auto-correlation time is found to increase with the ion mass easing the radial electric shear stabilization, hence the pedestal formation., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
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- 2019
8. Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
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Citrin, J, Bourdelle, C, Casson, F J, Angioni, C, Bonanomi, N, Camenen, Y, Garbet, X, Garzotti, L, Görler, T, Gürcan, O, Koechl, F, Imbeaux, F, Linder, O, van de Plassche, K, Strand, P, Szepesi, G, and Contributors, JET
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Quasilinear turbulent transport models are a successful tool for prediction of core tokamak plasma profiles in many regimes. Their success hinges on the reproduction of local nonlinear gyrokinetic fluxes. We focus on significant progress in the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz [C. Bourdelle et al. 2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 014036], which employs an approximated solution of the mode structures to significantly speed up computation time compared to full linear gyrokinetic solvers. Optimization of the dispersion relation solution algorithm within integrated modelling applications leads to flux calculations $\times10^{6-7}$ faster than local nonlinear simulations. This allows tractable simulation of flux-driven dynamic profile evolution including all transport channels: ion and electron heat, main particles, impurities, and momentum. Furthermore, QuaLiKiz now includes the impact of rotation and temperature anisotropy induced poloidal asymmetry on heavy impurity transport, important for W-transport applications. Application within the JETTO integrated modelling code results in 1s of JET plasma simulation within 10 hours using 10 CPUs. Simultaneous predictions of core density, temperature, and toroidal rotation profiles for both JET hybrid and baseline experiments are presented, covering both ion and electron turbulence scales. The simulations are successfully compared to measured profiles, with agreement mostly in the 5-25% range according to standard figures of merit.
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- 2017
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9. Comparison between measured and predicted turbulence frequency spectra in ITG and TEM regimes
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Citrin, J., Arnichand, H., Bernardo, J., Bourdelle, C., Garbet, X., Jenko, F., Hacquin, S., Pueschel, M. J., and Sabot, R.
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The observation of distinct peaks in tokamak core reflectometry measurements - named quasi-coherent-modes (QCMs) - are identified as a signature of Trapped-Electron-Mode (TEM) turbulence [H. Arnichand et al. 2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 014037]. This phenomenon is investigated with detailed linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations using the \gene code. A Tore-Supra density scan is studied, which traverses through a Linear (LOC) to Saturated (SOC) Ohmic Confinement transition. The LOC and SOC phases are both simulated separately. In the LOC phase, where QCMs are observed, TEMs are robustly predicted unstable in linear studies. In the later SOC phase, where QCMs are no longer observed, ITG modes are identified. In nonlinear simulations, in the ITG (SOC) phase, a broadband spectrum is seen. In the TEM (LOC) phase, a clear emergence of a peak at the TEM frequencies is seen. This is due to reduced nonlinear frequency broadening of the underlying linear modes in the TEM regime compared with the ITG regime. A synthetic diagnostic of the nonlinearly simulated frequency spectra reproduces the features observed in the reflectometry measurements. These results support the identification of core QCMs as an experimental marker for TEM turbulence
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- 2017
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10. Synthetic SXR diagnostic using GEM detectors on WEST: development in the prospect of tungsten monitoring
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Jardin, A., Mazon, D., O'Mullane, M., Chernyshova, M, Czarski, T., Malinowski, K., Kasprowicz, G., Wojenski, A., Pozniak, K., Malard, P., and Bourdelle, C.
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Physics - Plasma Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
WEST (Tungsten Environment in Steady-State Tokamak) will be operating by the end of 2016 as a test bed for the ITER divertor components in long pulse operation. In this context, radiative cooling of highly ionized impurities like tungsten (W) sputtered from Plasma Facing Components (PFC) into the plasma core is a critical issue since even small impurity concentrations below 10-4 degrade significantly plasma performances and can lead to radiative collapse. In the plasma core, tungsten emission is dominant in the Soft X-ray (SXR) range 0.1 keV -- 15 keV with complex contributions from line transition, radiative recombination and Bremsstrahlung emission.This paper presents the recent development of a synthetic SXR diagnostic using GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) detectors. This diagnostic will be used on WEST for W transport studies and will be equipped with two new GEM based poloidal cameras allowing 2D tomographic reconstructions with spectral resolution in energy bands. Thus once GEM response to plasma emissivity is characterized thanks to synthetic diagnostic, it offers new possibilities to disentangle the different SXR contributions in harsh fusion environments like e.g. WEST or ITER with respect to conventional semiconductor diodes working in current mode. Emitted SXR spectrum from the plasma is modelled thanks to ADAS database from given WEST scenario. The synthetic diagnostic includes Lines of Sight (LoS) etendues of the two cameras as well as probability of photoabsorption through filters, photoionization in the detection gas mixture (Ar-CO2), and transport of electron avalanches in the gas through GEM foils as computed with Magboltz. Local SXR emissivity is then retrieved from tomographic inversion using a Minimum Fisher Information (MFI) algorithm., Comment: in 43rd European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics, Jul 2016, Leuven, Belgium
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- 2016
11. Real-time capable first principle based modelling of tokamak turbulent transport
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Citrin, J., Breton, S., Felici, F., Imbeaux, F., Aniel, T., Artaud, J. F., Baiocchi, B., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., and Garcia, J.
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
A real-time capable core turbulence tokamak transport model is developed. This model is constructed from the regularized nonlinear regression of quasilinear gyrokinetic transport code output. The regression is performed with a multilayer perceptron neural network. The transport code input for the neural network training set consists of five dimensions, and is limited to adiabatic electrons. The neural network model successfully reproduces transport fluxes predicted by the original quasilinear model, while gaining five orders of magnitude in computation time. The model is implemented in a real-time capable tokamak simulator, and simulates a 300s ITER discharge in 10s. This proof-of-principle for regression based transport models anticipates a significant widening of input space dimensionality and physics realism for future training sets. This aims to provide unprecedented computational speed coupled with first-principle based physics for real-time control and integrated modelling applications., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures
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- 2015
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12. Core micro-instability analysis of JET hybrid and baseline discharges with carbon wall
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Moradi, S., Pusztai, I., Voitsekhovitch, I., Garzotti, L., Bourdelle, C., Pueschel, M. J., Lupelli, I., Romanelli, M., and contributors, the JET-EFDA
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The core micro-instability characteristics of hybrid and baseline plasmas in a selected set of JET plasmas with carbon wall are investigated through local linear and non-linear and global linear gyro-kinetic simulations with the GYRO code [J. Candy and E. Belli, General Atomics Report GA-A26818 (2011)]. In particular, we study the role of plasma pressure on the micro-instabilities, and scan the parameter space for the important plasma parameters responsible for the onset and stabilization of the modes under experimental conditions. We find that a good core confinement due to strong stabilization of the micro-turbulence driven transport can be expected in the hybrid plasmas due to the stabilizing effect of the fast ion pressure that is more effective at the low magnetic shear of the hybrid discharges. While parallel velocity gradient destabilization is important for the inner core, at outer radii the hybrid plasmas may benefit from a strong quench of the turbulence transport by $\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}$ rotation shear., Comment: accepted for publication in Nuclear Fusion
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- 2014
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13. Electromagnetic stabilization of tokamak microturbulence in a high-$\beta$ regime
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Citrin, J., Garcia, J., Goerler, T., Jenko, F., Mantica, P., Told, D., Bourdelle, C., Hatch, D. R., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Johnson, T., Pueschel, M. J., and Schneider, M.
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The impact of electromagnetic stabilization and flow shear stabilization on ITG turbulence is investigated. Analysis of a low-$\beta$ JET L-mode discharge illustrates the relation between ITG stabilization, and proximity to the electromagnetic instability threshold. This threshold is reduced by suprathermal pressure gradients, highlighting the effectiveness of fast ions in ITG stabilization. Extensive linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations are then carried out for the high-$\beta$ JET hybrid discharge 75225, at two separate locations at inner and outer radii. It is found that at the inner radius, nonlinear electromagnetic stabilization is dominant, and is critical for achieving simulated heat fluxes in agreement with the experiment. The enhancement of this effect by suprathermal pressure also remains significant. It is also found that flow shear stabilization is not effective at the inner radii. However, at outer radii the situation is reversed. Electromagnetic stabilization is negligible while the flow shear stabilization is significant. These results constitute the high-$\beta$ generalization of comparable observations found at low-$\beta$ at JET. This is encouraging for the extrapolation of electromagnetic ITG stabilization to future devices. An estimation of the impact of this effect on the ITER hybrid scenario leads to a 20% fusion power improvement., Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures. Paper coupled to invited talk at the 41st EPS conference, Berlin, 2014
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- 2014
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14. Angular momentum transport modeling: achievements of a gyrokinetic quasi-linear approach
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Cottier, P., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., Gurcan, O. D., Casson, F. J., Garbet, X., Hennequin, P., and Tala, T.
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
QuaLiKiz, a model based on a local gyrokinetic eigenvalue solver is expanded to include momentum flux modeling in addition to heat and particle fluxes. Essential for accurate momentum flux predictions, the parallel asymmetrization of the eigenfunctions is successfully recovered by an analytical fluid model. This is tested against self-consistent gyrokinetic calculations and allows for a correct prediction of the ExB shear impact on the saturated potential amplitude by means of a mixing length rule. Hence, the effect of the ExB shear is recovered on all the transport channels including the induced residual stress. Including these additions, QuaLiKiz remains ~10 000 faster than non-linear gyrokinetic codes allowing for comparisons with experiments without resorting to high performance computing. The example is given of momentum pinch calculations in NBI modulation experiments.
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- 2014
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15. Operational domain for the new 3MW/1000s ECRH System on WEST
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Fonghetti T., Dumont R., Giruzzi G., Artaud J.-F., Bernard J.-M., Bouquey F., Bourdelle C., Delpech L., Hillairet J., Maget P., Manas P., Mollard P., Morales J., Ostuni V., and Robinet B.
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The ECRH system formerly used in Tore Supra is being upgraded to start on WEST in 2023, at a power level of 1MW and frequency of 105 GHz. Its ultimate 3MW/1000s capability is expected to enlarge the WEST operational domain by increasing margins with respect to H-mode access, and by providing additional flexibility in terms of achievable scenarios using impurity and/or MHD control. This flexibility is made possible using an antenna based on three steerable mirrors for controlled power injection. In order to determine an appropriate range of EC wave injection angles for WEST scenarios, the fast and reliable ray-tracing code REMA has been interfaced with the WEST IMAS database. This allows the EC power damping rate to be quickly assessed, as well as deposition profiles to be predicted in realistic plasma conditions. Based on a typical WEST discharge at central magnetic field B0~3.6 T, central line-averaged electron density nl~4 × 1019 m−3 and central electron temperature Te0~3keV, ray-tracing calculations have been performed. Comprehensive poloidal and toroidal angle scans, as well as variations of Bt, nl and Te0 with respect to the reference parameters have allowed an adequate range of injection angles to be determined for efficient use of ECRH and/or ECCD in typical WEST scenarios, and compared with the mechanical limits set by the antenna mechanical characteristics. In order to further characterize the effect of this new power source in WEST scenarios, EC wave deposition and current profiles from ray-tracing calculations have been included in integrated simulation codes. It has been shown that this additional power source could allow central electron heating to be achieved, potentially alleviating the issue of radiative collapse caused by impurities observed in some situations.
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- 2023
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16. Nonlinear stabilization of tokamak microturbulence by fast ions
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Citrin, J., Bourdelle, C., Garcia, J., Haverkort, J. W., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Jenko, F., Johnson, T., Mantica, P., Pueschel, M. J., Told, D., and contributors, JET-EFDA
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Nonlinear electromagnetic stabilization by suprathermal pressure gradients found in specific regimes is shown to be a key factor in reducing tokamak microturbulence, augmenting significantly the thermal pressure electromagnetic stabilization. Based on nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations investigating a set of ion heat transport experiments on the JET tokamak, described by Mantica et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 135004 (2011)], this result explains the experimentally observed ion heat flux and stiffness reduction. These findings are expected to improve the extrapolation of advanced tokamak scenarios to reactor relevant regimes., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures
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- 2013
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17. Ion temperature profile stiffness: non-linear gyrokinetic simulations and comparison with experiment
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Citrin, J., Jenko, F., Mantica, P., Told, D., Bourdelle, C., Dumont, R., Garcia, J., Haverkort, J. W., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Johnson, T., Pueschel, M. J., and contributors, JET-EFDA
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Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Recent experimental observations at JET show evidence of reduced ion temperature profile stiffness, hypothesised to be due to concomitant low magnetic shear (s) and significant toroidal rotational flow shear. Non-linear gyrokinetic simulations are performed, aiming to investigate the physical mechanism behind the observations. A comprehensive set of simulations are carried out, comparing the impact on the ion heat flux of various parameters that differ within the data-set. These parameters include q, s, rotation, effect of rotation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium, R/L_n, beta_e, Z_eff, and the fast particle content. The effect of toroidal flow shear itself is not predicted by the simulations to lead to a significant reduction in ion heat flux, due both to an insufficient magnitude of flow shear and significant parallel velocity gradient destabilisation. It is however found that non-linear electromagnetic effects due to both thermal and fast-particle pressure gradients, even at low beta_e, can significantly reduce the profile stiffness. A total of five discharges are examined, at both inner and outer radii. For all cases studied, the simulated and experimental ion heat flux values agree within reasonable variations of input parameters around the experimental uncertainties., Comment: 33 pages, 25 figures, 4 tables. To be submitted to Nucl. Fusion
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- 2013
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18. A semi-analytic power balance model for low (L) to high (H) mode transition power threshold
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Singh, R, Jhang, Hogun, Kaw, PK, Diamond, PH, Nordman, H, Bourdelle, C, and Loarte, A
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Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Classical Physics ,Fluids & Plasmas - Abstract
We present a semi-analytic model for low (L) to high (H) mode transition power threshold (Pth). Two main assumptions are made in our study. First, high poloidal mode number drift resistive ballooning modes (high-m DRBM) are assumed to be the dominant turbulence driver in a narrow edge region near to last closed flux surface. Second, the pre-transition edge profile and turbulent diffusivity at the narrow edge region pertain to turbulent equipartition. An edge power balance relation is derived by calculating the dissipated power flux through both turbulent conduction and convection, and radiation in the edge region. Pth is obtained by imposing the turbulence quench rule due to sheared E × B rotation. Evaluation of Pth shows a good agreement with experimental results in existing machines. Increase of P th at low density (i.e., the existence of roll-over density in P th vs. density) is shown to originate from the longer scale length of the density profile than that of the temperature profile. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
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- 2014
19. Residual parallel Reynolds stress due to turbulence intensity gradient in tokamak plasmas
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Gürcan, ÖD, Diamond, PH, Hennequin, P, McDevitt, CJ, Garbet, X, and Bourdelle, C
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Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Classical Physics ,Fluids & Plasmas - Abstract
A novel mechanism for driving residual stress in tokamak plasmas based on k symmetry breaking by the turbulence intensity gradient is proposed. The physics of this mechanism is explained and its connection to the wave kinetic equation and the wave-momentum flux is described. Applications to the H-mode pedestal in particular to internal transport barriers, are discussed. Also, the effect of heat transport on the momentum flux is discussed. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
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- 2010
20. Neon seeding effects on two high-performance baseline plasmas on the Joint European Torus
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Gabriellini, S., primary, Garzotti, L., additional, Zotta, V.K., additional, Bourdelle, C., additional, Casson, F.J., additional, Citrin, J., additional, Frigione, D., additional, Gatto, R., additional, Giroud, C., additional, Koechl, F., additional, Lomas, P., additional, Marin, M., additional, Menmuir, S., additional, Pucella, G., additional, Rimini, F., additional, and van Eester, D., additional
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- 2023
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21. Measurements and controls implementation for WEST
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Moreau, P., Bucalossi, J., Missirlian, M., Samaille, F., Courtois, X., Gil, C., Lotte, P., Meyer, O., Nardon, E., Nouailletas, R., Ravenel, N., Travere, J.M., Alarcon, T., Antusch, S., Aumeunier, M.H., Barjat, P., Belsare, S., Bernard, J.M., Bhandarkar, M., Bottereau, C., Bourdelle, C., Brémond, S., Camenen, Y., Chaudhari, V., Chavda, C., Chernyshova, M., Clairet, F., Colnel, J., Czarski, T., Choi, M., Colledani, G., Corre, Y., Daniel, R., Davis, D., Dejarnac, R., Devynck, P., Dhongde, J., Douai, D., Elbeze, D., Escarguel, A., Fenzi, C., Figacz, W., Guangwu, Z., Giacalone, J.C., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J., Hacquin, S., Hao, X., Harris, J.H., Hoang, G.T., Houry, M., Imbeaux, F., Jablonski, S., Jardin, A., Joshi, H., Kasprowicz, G., Klepper, C.C., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Kubkowska, M., Kumar, A., Kumar, V., Kumari, P., Laqua, H., Le-Luyer, A., Lee, W., Lewerentz, M., Lyu, B., Malard, P., Manenc, L., Mansuri, I., Marandet, Y., Masand, H., Mazon, D., Molina, D., Moureau, G., Nam, Y., Park, H., Pascal, J.Y., Patel, K., Patel, M., Pozniak, K., Radloff, D., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C., Raupp, G., Rieth, M., Sabot, R., Santraine, B., Sestac, D., Sharma, M., Shen, J., Signoret, J., Soni, J., Spring, A., Spuig, P., Sugandhi, R., Treuterrer, W., Tsitrone, E., Varshney, S., Vartanian, S., Volpe, D., Wang, F.D., Werner, A., Yun, G., Zabolotny, W., and Zhao, W.
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- 2017
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22. Front propagation and critical gradient transport models
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Garbet, X, Sarazin, Y, Imbeaux, F, Ghendrih, P, Bourdelle, C, Gürcan, ÖD, and Diamond, PH
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Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Classical Physics ,Fluids & Plasmas - Abstract
This paper analyzes the properties of a two-field critical gradient model that couples a heat equation to an evolution equation for the turbulence intensity. It is shown that the dynamics of a perturbation is ballistic or diffusive depending on the shape of the pulse and also on the distance of the temperature gradient to the instability threshold. This dual character appears in the linear response of this model for a wave packet. It is recovered when investigating the nonlinear solutions of this system. Both self-similar diffusive fronts and ballistic fronts are shown to exist. When the propagation is ballistic, it is found that the front velocity is the geometric mean between the turbulent diffusion coefficient and a microinstability growth rate. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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- 2007
23. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions
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Mazzi, S., Garcia, J., Zarzoso, D., Kazakov, Y., Ongena, J., Dreval, M., Nocente, M., Stancar, Z., Szepesi, G., Eriksson, J., Sahlberg, A., Benkadda, S., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sunden, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V., Banks, J., Baranov, Y., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., 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moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Plasma Physics (LPP), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (Ukraine), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant agreement No 633053., Mazzi, S, Garcia, J, Zarzoso, D, Kazakov, Y, Ongena, J, Dreval, M, Nocente, M, Stancar, Z, Szepesi, G, Eriksson, J, Sahlberg, A, Benkadda, S, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, 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K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Applied Physics and Science Education, Kazakov, Yo, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, Aalto University, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Aalto-yliopisto
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Settore FIS/01 ,Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari ,General Physics and Astronomy ,simulation ,magnetically confined plasma ,nuclear fusion ,tokamaks ,turbulence suppression ,Plasma ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,confinement ,transport ,Alpha particles ,Fusion reactors ,Turbulence ,physics - Abstract
openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.
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- 2022
24. Disruption prediction with artificial intelligence techniques in tokamak plasmas
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S., Beckett D., Begolli A., Beidler M., Bekris N., Beldishevski M., Belli E., Belli F., Belonohy E., Yaala M. B., Benayas J., Bentley J., Bergsaker H., Bernardo J., Bernert M., Berry M., Bertalot L., Betar H., Beurskens M., Bickerton S., Bieg B., Bielecki J., Bierwage A., Biewer T., Bilato R., Bilkova P., Birkenmeier G., Bishop H., Bizarro J. P. S., Blackburn J., Blanchard P., Blatchford P., Bobkov V., Boboc A., Bohm P., Bohm T., Bolshakova I., Bolzonella T., Bonanomi N., Bonfiglio D., Bonnin X., Bonofiglo P., Boocock S., Booth A., Booth J., Borba D., Borodin D., Borodkina I., Boulbe C., Bourdelle C., Bowden M., Boyd K., Bozicevic Mihalic I., Bradnam S. C., Braic V., Brandt L., Bravanec R., Breizman B., Brett A., Brezinsek S., Brix M., Bromley K., Brown B., Brunetti D., Buckingham R., Buckley M., Budny R., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Buratti P., Burgess A., Buscarino A., Busse A., Butcher D., de la Cal E., Calabro G., Calacci L., Calado R., Camenen Y., Canal G., Cannas B., Cappelli M., Carcangiu S., Card P., Cardinali A., Carman P., Carnevale D., Carr M., Carralero D., Carraro L., Carvalho I. S., Carvalho P., Casiraghi I., Casson F. J., Castaldo C., Catalan J. P., Catarino N., Causa F., Cavedon M., Cecconello M., Challis C. D., Chamberlain B., Chang C. S., Chankin A., Chapman B., Chernyshova M., Chiariello A., Chmielewski P., Chomiczewska A., Chone L., Ciraolo G., Ciric D., Citrin J., Ciupinski T., Clark M., Clarkson R., Clements C., Cleverly M., Coad J. P., Coates P., Cobalt A., Coccorese V., Coelho R., Coenen J. W., Coffey I. H., Colangeli A., Colas L., Collins C., Collins J., Collins S., Conka D., Conroy S., Conway B., Conway N. J., Coombs D., Cooper P., Cooper S., Corradino C., Corrigan G., Coster D., Cox P., Craciunescu T., Cramp S., Crapper C., Craven D., Craven R., Esposito M. C., Croci G., Croft D., Croitoru A., Crombe K., Cronin T., Cruz N., Crystal C., Cseh G., Cufar A., Cullen A., Curuia M., Czarski T., Dabirikhah H., Dal Molin A., Dale E., Dalgliesh P., Dalley S., Dankowski J., David P., Davies A., Davies S., Davis G., Dawson K., Dawson S., Day I. E., De Bock M., De Temmerman G., De Tommasi G., Deakin K., Deane J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Delabie E., Del-Castillo-Negrete D., Dempsey A., Dendy R. O., Devynck P., Di Siena A., Di Troia C., Dickson T., Dinca P., Dittmar T., Dobrashian J., Doerner R. P., Donne A. J. 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A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Iliasova M., lmrie D., lmrisek M., lngleby J., Innocente P., Bjork K. I., Isernia N., lvanova-Stanik I., lvings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kashchuk Y., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazakov Y. E. O., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Khilkevich E., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., kiviniemi T., Kizane G., Klas M., Klepper C., Klix A., Kneale G., Knight M., Knight P., Knights R., Knipe S., Knolker M., Knott S., Kocan M., Kochl F., Kodeli I., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Kong M., Korovin V., Kos B., Kos D., Koslowski H. R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov A., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiezek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Neto E. L., Laszyriska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Gutierrez E. 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F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., Mclntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. J., Meghani K., Meigs A. G., Meisl G., Meitner S., Menmuir S., Mergia K., Merriman S., Mertens P., Meshchaninov S., Messiaen A., Michling R., Middleton P., Middleton-Gear D., Mietelski J., Milanesio D., Milani E., Militello F., Asp A. M., Milnes J., Milocco A., Miloshevsky G., Minghao C., Minucci S., Miron I., Miyamoto M., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Monaghan P., Monakhov I., Moody T., Moon S., Mooney R., Moradi S., Morales J., Morales R. 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A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Iliasova M., lmrie D., lmrisek M., lngleby J., Innocente P., Bjork K. I., Isernia N., lvanova-Stanik I., lvings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kashchuk Y., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazakov Y. E. O., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Khilkevich E., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. 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L., Lepiavko B., Leppanen J., Lerche E., Lescinskis A., Lewis J., Leysen W., Li L., Li Y., Likonen J., Linsmeier C., Lipschultz B., Litaudon X., Litherland-Smith E., Liu F., Loarer T., Loarte A., Lobel R., Lomanowski B., Lomas P. J., Lopez J. M., Lorenzini R., Loreti S., Losada U., Loschiavo V. P., Loughlin M., Louka Z., Lovell J., Lowe T., Lowry C., Lubbad S., Luce T., Lucock R., Lukin A., Luna C., de la Luna E., Lungaroni M., Lungu C. P., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Lyons B., Lyssoivan A., Machielsen M., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maggi C. F., Maggiora R., Magness M., Mahesan S., Maier H., Maingi R., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mantica P., Mantsinen M. J., Manyer J., Manzanares A., Maquet P., Marceca G., Marcenko N., Marchetto C., Marchuk O., Mariani A., Mariano G., Marin M., Marinelli M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marot L., Marsden S., Marsh J., Marshall R., Martellucci L., Martin A., Martin A. J., Martone R., Maruyama S., Maslov M., Masuzaki S., Matejcik S., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., Mclntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. J., Meghani K., Meigs A. G., Meisl G., Meitner S., Menmuir S., Mergia K., Merriman S., Mertens P., Meshchaninov S., Messiaen A., Michling R., Middleton P., Middleton-Gear D., Mietelski J., Milanesio D., Milani E., Militello F., Asp A. M., Milnes J., Milocco A., Miloshevsky G., Minghao C., Minucci S., Miron I., Miyamoto M., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Monaghan P., Monakhov I., Moody T., Moon S., Mooney R., Moradi S., Morales J., Morales R. B., Mordijck S., Moreira L., Morgan L., Moro F., Morris J., Morrison K. -M., Moser L., Moulton D., Mrowetz T., Mundy T., Muraglia M., Muraro A., Muthusonai N., N'Konga B., Na Y. -S., Nabais F., Naden M., Naish J., Naish R., Napoli F., Nardon E., Naulin V., Nave M. F. F., Nedzelskiy I., Nemtsev G., Nesenevich V., Nestoras I., Neu R., Neverov V. S., Ng S., Nicassio M., Nielsen A. H., Nina D., Nishijima D., Noble C., Nobs C. R., Nocente M., Nodwell D., Nordlund K., Nordman H., Normanton R., Noterdaeme J. M., Nowak S., Nunn E., Nystrom H., Oberparleiter M., Obryk B., O'Callaghan J., Odupitan T., Oliver H. J. C., Olney R., O'Mullane M., Ongena J., Organ E., Orsitto F., Orszagh J., Osborne T., Otin R., Otsuka T., Owen A., Oya Y., Oyaizu M., Paccagnella R., Pace N., Packer L. W., Paige S., Pajuste E., Palade D., Pamela S. J. P., Panadero N., Panontin E., Papadopoulos A., Papp G., Papp P., Parail V. V., Pardanaud C., Parisi J., Diaz F. P., Parsloe A., Parsons M., Parsons N., Passeri M., Patel A., Pau A., Pautasso G., Pavlichenko R., Pavone A., Pawelec E., Soldan C. P., Peacock A., Pearce M., Peluso E., Penot C., Pepperell K., Pereira R., Pereira T., Cippo E. P., Pereslavtsev P., Perez von Thun C., Pericoli V., Perry D., Peterka M., Petersson P., Petravich G., Petrella N., Peyman M., Pillon M., Pinches S., Pintsuk G., Pires de Sa W., Pires dos Reis A., Piron C., Piron L., Pironti A., Pitts R., van de Plassche K. L., Platt N., Plyusnin V., Podesta M., Pokol G., Poli F. M., Pompilian O. G., Popovichev S., Poradzinski M., Porfiri M. T., Porkolab M., Porosnicu C., Porton M., Poulipoulis G., Predebon I., Prestopino G., Price C., Price D., Price M., Primetzhofer D., Prior P., Provatas G., Pucella G., Puglia P., Purahoo K., Pusztai I., Putignano O., Putterich T., Quercia A., Rachlew E., Radulescu G., Radulovic V., Rainford M., Raj P., Ralph G., Ramogida G., Rasmussen D., Rasmussen J. J., Ratynskaia S., Rebai M., Refy D., Reichle R., Reinke M., Reiser D., Reux C., Reynolds S., Richiusa M. L., Richyal S., Rigamonti D., Rimini F. G., Risner J., Riva M., Rivero-Rodriguez J., Roach C. M., Robins R., Robinson S., Robson D., Rodionov R., Rodrigues P., Ramos M. R., Rodriguez-Fernandez P., Romanelli F., Romanelli M., Romanelli S., Romazanov J., Rossi R., Rowe S., Rowlands D., Rubel M., Rubinacci G., Rubino G., Ruchko L., Ruiz M., Ruiz J. R., Ruset C., Rzadkiewicz J., Saarelma S., Safi E., Sahlberg A., Salewski M., Salmi A., Salmon R., Salzedas F., Sanders I., Sandiford D., Santos B., Santucci A., Sarkimaki K., Sarwar R., Sarychev I., Sauter O., Sauwan P., Scapin N., Schluck F., Schmid K., Schmuck S., Schneider M., Schneider P. A., Schworer D., Scott G., Scott M., Scraggs D., Scully S., Segato M., Seo J., Sergienko G., Sertoli M., Sharapov S. 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- Abstract
In nuclear fusion reactors, plasmas are heated to very high temperatures of more than 100 million kelvin and, in so-called tokamaks, they are confined by magnetic fields in the shape of a torus. Light nuclei, such as deuterium and tritium, undergo a fusion reaction that releases energy, making fusion a promising option for a sustainable and clean energy source. Tokamak plasmas, however, are prone to disruptions as a result of a sudden collapse of the system terminating the fusion reactions. As disruptions lead to an abrupt loss of confinement, they can cause irreversible damage to present-day fusion devices and are expected to have a more devastating effect in future devices. Disruptions expected in the next-generation tokamak, ITER, for example, could cause electromagnetic forces larger than the weight of an Airbus A380. Furthermore, the thermal loads in such an event could exceed the melting threshold of the most resistant state-of-the-art materials by more than an order of magnitude. To prevent disruptions or at least mitigate their detrimental effects, empirical models obtained with artificial intelligence methods, of which an overview is given here, are commonly employed to predict their occurrence—and ideally give enough time to introduce counteracting measures.
- Published
- 2022
25. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions
- Author
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R., Ruset C., Rzadkiewicz J., Saarelma S., Safi E., Salewski M., Salmi A., Salmon R., Salzedas F., Sanders I., Sandiford D., Santos B., Santucci A., Sarkimaki K., Sarwar R., Sarychev I., Sauter O., Sauwan P., Scapin N., Schluck F., Schmid K., Schmuck S., Schneider M., Schneider P. A., Schworer D., Scott G., Scott M., Scraggs D., Scully S., Segato M., Seo J., Sergienko G., Sertoli M., Sharapov S. E., Shaw A., Sheikh H., Sheikh U., Shepherd A., Shigin P., Shinohara K., Shiraiwa S., Shiraki D., Short M., Sias G., Silburn S. A., Silva A., Silva C., Silva J., Silvagni D., Simfukwe D., Simpson J., Sinclair D., Sipila S. K., Sips A. C. C., Siren P., Sirinelli A., Sjostrand H., Skinner N., Slater J., Smith N., Smith P., Snell J., Snoep G., Snoj L., Snyder P., Soare S., Solano E. 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M., Turnyanskiy M., Tvalashvili G., Tyrrell S., Tyshchenko M., Uccello A., Udintsev V., Urbanczyk G., Vadgama A., Valcarcel D., Valisa M., Vallejos Olivares P., Vallhagen O., Valovic M., Van Eester D., Varje J., Vartanian S., Vasilopoulou T., Vayakis G., Vecsei M., Vega J., Ventre S., Verdoolaege G., Verona C., Rinati G. V., Veshchev E., Vianello N., Viezzer E., Vignitchouk L., Vila R., Villari R., Villone F., Vincenzi P., Viola B., Virtanen A. J., Vitins A., Vizvary Z., Vlad G., Vlad M., Vondracek P., de Vries P., Wakeling B., Walkden N. R., Walker M., Walker R., Walsh M., Wang E., Wang N., Warder S., Warren R., Waterhouse J., Watts C., Wauters T., Weckmann A., Wedderburn Maxwell H., Weiland M., Weisen H., Weiszflog M., Welch P., Wendler N., West A., Wheatley M., Wheeler S., Whitehead A., Whittaker D., Widdowson A., Wiesen S., Wilkinson J., Williams J. 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R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiazek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Lascas Neto E., Laszynska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Leon Gutierrez E., Lepiavko B., Leppanen J., Lerche E., Lescinskis A., Lewis J., Leysen W., Li L., Li Y., Likonen J., Linsmeier C., Lipschultz B., Litaudon X., Litherland-Smith E., Liu F., Loarer T., Loarte A., Lobel R., Lomanowski B., Lomas P. J., Lopez J. M., Lorenzini R., Loreti S., Losada U., Loschiavo V. P., Loughlin M., Louka Z., Lovell J., Lowe T., Lowry C., Lubbad S., Luce T., Lucock R., Luna C., de la Luna E., Lungaroni M., Lungu C. P., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Lyons B., Lyssoivan A., Machielsen M., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maggi C. F., Maggiora R., Magness M., Mahesan S., Maier H., Mailloux J., Maingi R., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mantica P., Mantsinen M. J., Manyer J., Manzanares A., Maquet P., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchuk O., Mariani A., Mariano G., Marin M., Marinelli M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marot L., Marsden S., Marsh J., Marshall R., Martellucci L., Martin A., Martin A. J., Martone R., Maruyama S., Maslov M., Masuzaki S., Matejcik S., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., McIntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. 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C., Willoughby D., Wilson I., Wilson J., Wilson T., Wischmeier M., Wise P., Withenshaw G., Withycombe A., Witts D., Wojcik-Gargula A., Wolfrum E., Wood R., Woodley C., Woodley R., Woods B., Wright J., Wright J. C., Xu T., Yadikin D., Yajima M., Yakovenko Y., Yang Y., Yanling W., Yanovskiy V., Young I., Young R., Zabolockis R. J., Zacks J., Zagorski R., Zaitsev F. S., Zakharov L., Zarins A., Zastrow K. -D., Zayachuk Y., Zerbini M., Zhang W., Zhou Y., Zlobinski M., Zocco A., Zohar A., Zoita V., Zoletnik S., Zotta V. K., Zoulias I., Zwingmann W., and Zychor I.
- Abstract
Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.
- Published
- 2022
26. Power balance analysis at the L-H transition in JET-ILW NBI-heated deuterium plasmas
- Author
-
Vincenzi, P, Solano, E, Delabie, E, Bourdelle, C, Snoep, G, Baciero, A, Birkenmeier, G, Carvalho, P, Cavedon, M, Chernyshova, M, Citrin, J, Fontdecaba, J, Hillesheim, J, Huber, A, Maggi, C, Menmuir, S, Parra, F, Vincenzi P., Solano E. R., Delabie E., Bourdelle C., Snoep G., Baciero A., Birkenmeier G., Carvalho P., Cavedon M., Chernyshova M., Citrin J., Fontdecaba J. M., Hillesheim J. C., Huber A., Maggi C., Menmuir S., Parra F. I., Vincenzi, P, Solano, E, Delabie, E, Bourdelle, C, Snoep, G, Baciero, A, Birkenmeier, G, Carvalho, P, Cavedon, M, Chernyshova, M, Citrin, J, Fontdecaba, J, Hillesheim, J, Huber, A, Maggi, C, Menmuir, S, Parra, F, Vincenzi P., Solano E. R., Delabie E., Bourdelle C., Snoep G., Baciero A., Birkenmeier G., Carvalho P., Cavedon M., Chernyshova M., Citrin J., Fontdecaba J. M., Hillesheim J. C., Huber A., Maggi C., Menmuir S., and Parra F. I.
- Abstract
The understanding of the physics underlying the L-H transition has strong implications for ITER experimental reactor and demonstration power plant (DEMO). In many tokamaks, including JET, it has been observed that, at a particular plasma density, n e,min, the power necessary to access H-mode PL-H is minimum. In the present work, L-H transitions of JET deuterium plasmas heated by neutral beam injection (NBI) are studied for the first time by means of a power balance analysis to characterize the main contributions in the transition, through integrated transport modelling. In the pulses analysed, we do observe a minimum of the L-H power threshold in density, indicating the presence of density branches and of n e,min. Electron and ion heat fluxes at the transition are estimated separately. The electron/ion equipartition power results in favour of the ions, as shown by QuaLiKiz quasilinear gyrokinetic simulations, which predict a larger ion transport that causes T e > T i. The resulting edge ion heat flux also shows a clear change of slope below n e,min, similarly to ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG) NBI pulses (Ryter et al 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 083003). JET NBI data are compared to radio-frequency heated AUG and Alcator C-mod pulses (Schmidtmayr et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 056003), showing a different trend of the power, coupled to ions at the L-H transition with respect to the linearity observed in the radio-frequency heated plasmas. The presence of n e,min and the role of the ion heat flux is discussed in the paper, although it seems it is not possible to explain the presence of a PL-H minimum in density by a critical ion heat flux and by the equipartition power for the JET NBI-heated plasmas analysed.
- Published
- 2022
27. Progress towards high-performance, steady-state spherical torus
- Author
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Ono, M, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Bigelow, T, Bitter, M, Blanchard, W, Boedo, J, Bourdelle, C, Bush, C, Choe, W, Chrzanowski, J, Darrow, DS, Diem, SJ, Doerner, R, Efthimion, PC, Ferron, JR, Fonck, RJ, Fredrickson, ED, Garstka, GD, Gates, DA, Gray, T, Grisham, LR, Heidbrink, W, Hill, KW, Hoffman, D, Jarboe, TR, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kessel, C, Kim, JH, Kissick, MW, Kubota, S, Kugel, HW, LeBlanc, BP, Lee, K, Lee, SG, Lewicki, BT, Luckhardt, S, Maingi, R, Majeski, R, Manickam, J, Maqueda, R, Mau, TK, Mazzucato, E, Medley, SS, Menard, J, Mueller, D, Nelson, BA, Neumeyer, C, Nishino, N, Ostrander, CN, Pacella, D, Paoletti, F, Park, HK, Park, W, Paul, SF, Peng, Y-KM, Phillips, CK, Pinsker, R, Probert, PH, Ramakrishnan, S, Raman, R, Redi, M, Roquemore, AL, Rosenberg, A, Ryan, PM, Sabbagh, SA, Schaffer, M, Schooff, RJ, Seraydarian, R, Skinner, CH, Sontag, AC, Soukhanovskii, V, Spaleta, J, Stevenson, T, Stutman, D, Swain, DW, Synakowski, E, Takase, Y, Tang, X, Taylor, G, Timberlake, J, Tritz, KL, Unterberg, EA, Von Halle, A, Wilgen, J, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Xu, X, Zweben, SJ, Akers, R, Barry, RE, Beiersdorfer, P, Bialek, JM, Blagojevic, B, Bonoli, PT, Carter, MD, Davis, W, and Deng, B
- Subjects
Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Other Physical Sciences ,Fluids & Plasmas - Abstract
Research on the spherical torus (or spherical tokamak) (ST) is being pursued to explore the scientific benefits of modifying the field line structue fro that in more moderate aspect ratio devices. The ST experiments are being conducted in various US research facilities. The area of power and particle handling is expected to be challenging because of the higher power density expected in the ST relative to that in conventional aspect-ratio tokamaks.
- Published
- 2003
28. The national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) research programme and progress towards high beta, long pulse operating scenarios
- Author
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Synakowski, EJ, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Bigelow, T, Bitter, M, Blanchard, W, Boedo, J, Bourdelle, C, Bush, C, Darrow, DS, Efthimion, PC, Fredrickson, ED, Gates, DA, Gilmore, M, Grisham, LR, Hosea, JC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kubota, S, Kugel, HW, LeBlanc, BP, Lee, K, Maingi, R, Manickam, J, Maqueda, R, Mazzucato, E, Medley, SS, Menard, J, Mueller, D, Nelson, BA, Neumeyer, C, Ono, M, Paoletti, F, Park, HK, Paul, SF, Peng, Y-KM, Phillips, CK, Ramakrishnan, S, Raman, R, Roquemore, AL, Rosenberg, A, Ryan, PM, Sabbagh, SA, Skinner, CH, Soukhanovskii, V, Stevenson, T, Stutman, D, Swain, DW, Taylor, G, Von Halle, A, Wilgen, J, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Zweben, SJ, Akers, R, Barry, RE, Beiersdorfer, P, Bialek, JM, Blagojevic, B, Bonoli, PT, Budny, R, Carter, MD, Chang, CS, Chrzanowski, J, Davis, W, Deng, B, Doyle, EJ, Dudek, L, Egedal, J, Ellis, R, Ferron, JR, Finkenthal, M, Foley, J, Fredd, E, Glasser, A, Gibney, T, Goldston, RJ, Harvey, R, Hatcher, RE, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Hill, KW, Houlberg, W, Jarboe, TR, Jardin, SC, Ji, H, Kalish, M, Lawrance, J, Lao, LL, Lee, KC, Levinton, FM, Luhmann, NC, Majeski, R, Marsala, R, Mastravito, D, Mau, TK, McCormack, B, Menon, MM, and Mitarai, O
- Subjects
Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Fluids & Plasmas - Abstract
A major research goal of the national spherical torus experiment is establishing long-pulse, high beta, high confinement operation and its physics basis. This research has been enabled by facility capabilities developed during 2001 and 2002, including neutral beam (up to 7 MW) and high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating (up to 6 MW), toroidal fields up to 6 kG, plasma currents up to 1.5 MA, flexible shape control, and wall preparation techniques. These capabilities have enabled the generation of plasmas with βT ≡ /(BT02/2μ0) of up to 35%. Normalized beta values often exceed the no-wall limit, and studies suggest that passive wall mode stabilization enables this for H mode plasmas with broad pressure profiles. The viability of long, high bootstrap current fraction operations has been established for ELMing H mode plasmas with toroidal beta values in excess of 15% and sustained for several current relaxation times. Improvements in wall conditioning and fuelling are likely contributing to a reduction in H mode power thresholds. Electron thermal conduction is the dominant thermal loss channel is auxiliary heated plasmas examined thus far. HHFW effectively heats electrons, and its acceleration of fast beam ions has been observed. Evidence for HHFW current drive is obtained by comparison of the loop voltage evolution in plasmas with matched density and temperature profiles but varying phases of launched HHFW waves. Studies of emissions from electron Bernstein waves indicate a density scale length dependence of their transmission across the upper hybrid resonance near the plasma edge that is consistent with theoretical predictions. A peak heat flux to the divertor targets of 10 MW m-2 has been measured in the H mode, with large asymmetries being observed in the power deposition between the inner and outer strike points. Non-inductive plasma startup studies have focused on coaxial helicity injection. With this technique, toroidal currents up to 400 kA have been driven, and studies to assess flux closure and coupling to other current drive techniques have begun.
- Published
- 2003
29. Predictive JET current ramp-up modelling using QuaLiKiz-neural-network
- Author
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Ho, A., primary, Citrin, J., additional, Challis, C.D., additional, Bourdelle, C., additional, Casson, F.J., additional, Garcia, J., additional, Hobirk, J., additional, Kappatou, A., additional, Keeling, D.L., additional, King, D.B., additional, Koechl, F., additional, Lerche, E., additional, Maggi, C.F., additional, and Mailloux, J., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Separatrix parameters and core performances across the WEST L-mode database
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Bourdelle, C., primary, Morales, J., additional, Artaud, J.F., additional, Grover, O., additional, Radenac, T., additional, Bucalossi, J., additional, Camenen, Y., additional, Ciraolo, G., additional, Clairet, F., additional, Dumont, R., additional, Fedorczak, N., additional, Gaspar, J., additional, Gil, C., additional, Goniche, M., additional, Guillemaut, C., additional, Gunn, J., additional, Maget, P., additional, Manas, P., additional, Ostuni, V., additional, Pégourié, B., additional, Peysson, Y., additional, Tamain, P., additional, Vermare, L., additional, and Vézinet, D., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The problem of capturing marginality in model reductions of turbulence
- Author
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Gillot, C, primary, Dif-Pradalier, G, additional, Sarazin, Y, additional, Bourdelle, C, additional, Bañón Navarro, A, additional, Camenen, Y, additional, Citrin, J, additional, Di Siena, A, additional, Garbet, X, additional, Ghendrih, Ph, additional, Grandgirard, V, additional, Manas, P, additional, and Widmer, F, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. JET D-T scenario with optimized non-thermal fusion
- Author
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Maslov, M., Lerche, E., Auriemma, F., Belli, E., Bourdelle, C., Challis, C. D., Chomiczewska, A., Dal Molin, A., Eriksson, Jacob, Garcia, J., Hobirk, J., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacquet, Ph., Kappatou, A., Kazakov, Y., Keeling, D. L., King, D. B., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kos, D., Lorenzini, R., de la Luna, E., Maggi, C. F., Mailloux, J., Mantica, P., Marin, M., Matthews, G., Monakhov, I., Nocente, M., Pucella, G., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Solano, E. R., Stancar, Z., Stankunas, G., Sun, H., Tardocchi, M., Van Eester, D., Maslov, M., Lerche, E., Auriemma, F., Belli, E., Bourdelle, C., Challis, C. D., Chomiczewska, A., Dal Molin, A., Eriksson, Jacob, Garcia, J., Hobirk, J., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacquet, Ph., Kappatou, A., Kazakov, Y., Keeling, D. L., King, D. B., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kos, D., Lorenzini, R., de la Luna, E., Maggi, C. F., Mailloux, J., Mantica, P., Marin, M., Matthews, G., Monakhov, I., Nocente, M., Pucella, G., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Solano, E. R., Stancar, Z., Stankunas, G., Sun, H., Tardocchi, M., and Van Eester, D.
- Abstract
In JET deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas, the fusion power is produced through thermonuclear reactions and reactions between thermal ions and fast particles generated by neutral beam injection (NBI) heating or accelerated by electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRFs). To complement the experiments with 50/50 D/T mixtures maximizing thermonuclear reactivity, a scenario with dominant non-thermal reactivity has been developed and successfully demonstrated during the second JET deuterium-tritium campaign DTE2, as it was predicted to generate the highest fusion power in JET with a Be/W wall. It was performed in a 15/85 D/T mixture with pure D-NBI heating combined with ICRF heating at the fundamental deuterium resonance. In steady plasma conditions, a record 59 MJ of fusion energy has been achieved in a single pulse, of which 50.5 MJ were produced in a 5 s time window (P fus = 10.1 MW) with average Q = 0.33, confirming predictive modelling in preparation of the experiment. The highest fusion power in these experiments, P fus = 12.5 MW with average Q = 0.38, was achieved over a shorter 2 s time window, with the period of sustainment limited by high-Z impurity accumulation. This scenario provides unique data for the validation of physics-based models used to predict D-T fusion power.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. JET D-T scenario with optimized non-thermal fusion
- Author
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Maslov, M, Lerche, E, Auriemma, F, Belli, E, Bourdelle, C, Challis, C, Chomiczewska, A, Dal Molin, A, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Hobirk, J, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacquet, P, Kappatou, A, Kazakov, Y, Keeling, D, King, D, Kiptily, V, Kirov, K, Kos, D, Lorenzini, R, de la Luna, E, Maggi, C, Mailloux, J, Mantica, P, Marin, M, Matthews, G, Monakhov, I, Nocente, M, Pucella, G, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Solano, E, Stancar, Z, Stankunas, G, Sun, H, Tardocchi, M, Van Eester, D, Challis, CD, Keeling, DL, King, DB, Maggi, CF, Solano, ER, Maslov, M, Lerche, E, Auriemma, F, Belli, E, Bourdelle, C, Challis, C, Chomiczewska, A, Dal Molin, A, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Hobirk, J, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacquet, P, Kappatou, A, Kazakov, Y, Keeling, D, King, D, Kiptily, V, Kirov, K, Kos, D, Lorenzini, R, de la Luna, E, Maggi, C, Mailloux, J, Mantica, P, Marin, M, Matthews, G, Monakhov, I, Nocente, M, Pucella, G, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Solano, E, Stancar, Z, Stankunas, G, Sun, H, Tardocchi, M, Van Eester, D, Challis, CD, Keeling, DL, King, DB, Maggi, CF, and Solano, ER
- Abstract
In JET deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas, the fusion power is produced through thermonuclear reactions and reactions between thermal ions and fast particles generated by neutral beam injection (NBI) heating or accelerated by electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRFs). To complement the experiments with 50/50 D/T mixtures maximizing thermonuclear reactivity, a scenario with dominant non-thermal reactivity has been developed and successfully demonstrated during the second JET deuterium-tritium campaign DTE2, as it was predicted to generate the highest fusion power in JET with a Be/W wall. It was performed in a 15/85 D/T mixture with pure D-NBI heating combined with ICRF heating at the fundamental deuterium resonance. In steady plasma conditions, a record 59 MJ of fusion energy has been achieved in a single pulse, of which 50.5 MJ were produced in a 5 s time window (P fus = 10.1 MW) with average Q = 0.33, confirming predictive modelling in preparation of the experiment. The highest fusion power in these experiments, P fus = 12.5 MW with average Q = 0.38, was achieved over a shorter 2 s time window, with the period of sustainment limited by high-Z impurity accumulation. This scenario provides unique data for the validation of physics-based models used to predict D-T fusion power.
- Published
- 2023
34. L-H transition studies in tritium and deuterium-tritium campaigns at JET with Be wall and W divertor
- Author
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Solano, E., Birkenmeier, G., Silva, C., Delabie, E., Hillesheim, J., Baciero, A., Balboa, I., Baruzzo, M., Boboc, A., Brix, M., Bernardo, J., Bourdelle, C., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Challis, C., Chernyshova, M., Chomiczewska, A., Coelho, R., Coffey, I., Craciunescu, T., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J., Frassinetti, L., Gallart, D., Garcia, J., Giroud, C., Gromelski, W., Henriques, R., Hall, J., Ho, A., Horton, L.D., Horvath, L., Jacquet, P., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Kappatou, A., Keeling, D., King, D., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kos, D., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Litherland-Smith, E., Loarte, A., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P.J., Maggi, C.F., Mailloux, J., Mantsinen, M.J., Maslov, M., Meigs, A.G., Monakhov, I., Morales, R.B., Nielsen, Anders Henry, Nina, D., Noble, C., Pawelec, E., Poradzinski, M., Pucella, Gianluca, Puglia, P., Réfy, D., Rasmussen, Jens Juul, Righi, E., Rimini, F.G., Robinson, T., Sertoli, M., Silburn, S. A., Sips, G., Sirén, P., Štancar, Žiga, Sun, H. J., Szepesi, G., Taylor, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, Beth, Verdoolaege, G., Vincenzi, P., Viola, Bruno, Vianello, N, Wilson, Thomas, Solano, E., Birkenmeier, G., Silva, C., Delabie, E., Hillesheim, J., Baciero, A., Balboa, I., Baruzzo, M., Boboc, A., Brix, M., Bernardo, J., Bourdelle, C., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Challis, C., Chernyshova, M., Chomiczewska, A., Coelho, R., Coffey, I., Craciunescu, T., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J., Frassinetti, L., Gallart, D., Garcia, J., Giroud, C., Gromelski, W., Henriques, R., Hall, J., Ho, A., Horton, L.D., Horvath, L., Jacquet, P., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Kappatou, A., Keeling, D., King, D., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kos, D., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Litherland-Smith, E., Loarte, A., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P.J., Maggi, C.F., Mailloux, J., Mantsinen, M.J., Maslov, M., Meigs, A.G., Monakhov, I., Morales, R.B., Nielsen, Anders Henry, Nina, D., Noble, C., Pawelec, E., Poradzinski, M., Pucella, Gianluca, Puglia, P., Réfy, D., Rasmussen, Jens Juul, Righi, E., Rimini, F.G., Robinson, T., Sertoli, M., Silburn, S. A., Sips, G., Sirén, P., Štancar, Žiga, Sun, H. J., Szepesi, G., Taylor, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, Beth, Verdoolaege, G., Vincenzi, P., Viola, Bruno, Vianello, N, and Wilson, Thomas
- Abstract
The recent deuterium-tritium campaign in JET-ILW (DTE2) has provided a unique opportunity to study the isotope dependence of the L-H power threshold in an ITER-like wall environment (Be wall and W divertor). Here we present results from dedicated L-H transition experiments at JET-ILW, documenting the power threshold in tritium and deuterium-tritium plasmas, comparing them with the matching deuterium and hydrogen datasets. From earlier experiments in JET-ILW it is known that as plasma isotopic composition changes from deuterium, through varying deuterium/hydrogen concentrations, to pure hydrogen, the value of the line averaged density at which the threshold is minimum, n̄e,min, increases, leading us to expect that n̄e,min(T) < n̄e,min(DT) < n̄e,min(D) < n̄e,min(H). The new power threshold data confirms these expectations in most cases, with the corresponding ordering of the minimum power thresholds. We present a comparison of this data to power threshold scalings, used for extrapolation to future devices such as ITER and DEMO.
- Published
- 2023
35. Integrated modelling of neon impact on JET H-mode core plasmas
- Author
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Marin, M., Citrin, J., Giroud, C., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., Garzotti, L., Ho, A., Sertoli, M., Marin, M., Citrin, J., Giroud, C., Bourdelle, C., Camenen, Y., Garzotti, L., Ho, A., and Sertoli, M.
- Abstract
Nuclear fusion reactor plasmas will need to exhaust a significant proportion of energy flux through radiative processes, to enable acceptable divertor loads. This can be obtained by line radiation from impurities, injected from the plasma edge. There are however limitations on the sustainable impurity content, since radiation from the core can lead to a deleterious electron heat sink. Moreover, dilution of the main ions reduces the available fuel. Simultaneously, impurities have an impact on the turbulent transport, both by dilution and by changes in the effective charge. Recent experiments at JET point towards an improvement in plasma confinement in neon seeded discharges with respect to purer equivalent plasmas. In this paper the impact of the impurities on the confinement is studied, isolating various effects. First-principle-based integrated modelling with the QuaLiKiz quasilinear turbulent transport model explains the improvement by a combination of higher pedestal temperature, increased rotation shear, and impurity-induced microturbulence stabilization. These results are optimistic with respect to the maximum impurity levels allowed in ITER and future reactors. Comparison between QuaLiKiz and higher fidelity gyrokinetics has exposed issues with QuaLiKiz impurity peaking predictions with rotation.
- Published
- 2023
36. L-H transition studies in tritium and deuterium–tritium campaigns at JET with Be wall and W divertor.
- Author
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Solano, E.R., Birkenmeier, G., Silva, C., Delabie, E., Hillesheim, J.C., Baciero, A., Balboa, I., Baruzzo, M., Boboc, A., Brix, M., Bernardo, J., Bourdelle, C., Carvalho, I.S., Carvalho, P., Challis, C.D., Chernyshova, M., Chomiczewska, A., Coelho, R., Coffey, I., and Craciunescu, T.
- Subjects
TRITIUM ,DEUTERIUM ,HYDROGEN ,ISOTOPES ,EXTRAPOLATION ,TOKAMAKS ,DENSITY - Abstract
The recent deuterium–tritium campaign in JET-ILW (DTE2) has provided a unique opportunity to study the isotope dependence of the L-H power threshold in an ITER-like wall environment (Be wall and W divertor). Here we present results from dedicated L-H transition experiments at JET-ILW, documenting the power threshold in tritium and deuterium–tritium plasmas, comparing them with the matching deuterium and hydrogen datasets. From earlier experiments in JET-ILW it is known that as plasma isotopic composition changes from deuterium, through varying deuterium/hydrogen concentrations, to pure hydrogen, the value of the line averaged density at which the threshold is minimum, n ˉ e , min , increases, leading us to expect that n ˉ e , min (T) < n ˉ e , min (DT) < n ˉ e , min (D) < n ˉ e , min (H). The new power threshold data confirms these expectations in most cases, with the corresponding ordering of the minimum power thresholds. We present a comparison of this data to power threshold scalings, used for extrapolation to future devices such as ITER and DEMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Integrated modelling of neon impact on JET H-mode core plasmas
- Author
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Marin, M., primary, Citrin, J., additional, Giroud, C., additional, Bourdelle, C., additional, Camenen, Y., additional, Garzotti, L., additional, Ho, A., additional, Sertoli, M., additional, and Contributors, JET, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Neon seeding effects on two high-performance baseline plasmas on the Joint European Torus
- Author
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Gabriellini, S., Garzotti, L., Zotta, V.K., Bourdelle, C., Casson, F.J., Citrin, J., Frigione, D., Gatto, R., Giroud, C., Marin, M., Koechl, F., Lomas, P., Menmuir, S., Pucella, G., Rimini, F., Van Eester, D., and Contributors, JET
- Abstract
We present the JETTO-QuaLiKiz-SANCO fully predictive modelling of two JET-ILW high-performance baseline plasmas, a Ne seeded shot and an equivalent unseeded one. The motivation of the work lies in the experimental observation of a slightly higher confinement and performance of the Ne seeded shot with respect to the unseeded one, despite sharing the same main plasma parameters and heating powers. Moreover, the neon seeded shot shows a lower pedestal electron density and a higher core ion temperature with respect to the unseeded one. Integrated modelling is performed in order to understand if the cause of the improved confinement has to be ascribed to the improved pedestal parameters with neon seeding or if an impurity-induced turbulence stabilization is at play. The QuaLiKiz transport model is used for predicting the electron density, electron and ion temperatures and rotation in the core up to the pedestal top, while the pedestal is empirically modelled to reproduce the experimental kinetic profiles. The thermal diffusivities of the two shots, computed by QuaLiKiz, are compared, as well as the turbulence spectra, suggesting that the reduced transport found in the neon seeded shot is due in part to the stabilization of ITG and ETG modes. Further modelling is performed in order to disentangle the neon seeding effects, which are a direct effect on the turbulence stabilization and an indirect effect on the pedestal parameters. The results suggest that the improved performance with neon is due to a combination of turbulence stabilization and improved pedestal parameters.
- Published
- 2023
39. Operational space for Lower Hybrid scenarios in the full tungsten environment of WEST
- Author
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Morales, J, Ostuni, V, Bourdelle, C, Artaud, J.-F, Manas, P, Ancher, H, Dubus, L, Doménès, M, Dumont, R, Ekedahl, A, Fedorczak, N, Fleury, L, Gil, C, Guilhem, D, Hillairet, J, Imbeaux, F, Maget, P, Maini, P, Moiraf, D, Moncada, V, Moreau, D, Vezinet, Didier, CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), and The WEST team
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2022
40. Power balance analysis at the L-H transition in JET-ILW NBI-heated deuterium plasmas
- Author
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Vincenzi, P, primary, Solano, E R, additional, Delabie, E, additional, Bourdelle, C, additional, Snoep, G, additional, Baciero, A, additional, Birkenmeier, G, additional, Carvalho, P, additional, Cavedon, M, additional, Chernyshova, M, additional, Citrin, J, additional, Fontdecaba, J M, additional, Hillesheim, J C, additional, Huber, A, additional, Maggi, C, additional, Menmuir, S, additional, and Parra, F I, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Disruption prediction with artificial intelligence techniques in tokamak plasmas
- Author
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Vega, J., Murari, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Rattá, G. A., Gelfusa, M., Mailloux, J., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A. G., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sundén, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Yu. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, É., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílková, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Božičević Mihalić, I., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., de la Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, T., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombé, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R. O., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Donné, A. J. H., Dorling, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, Ph., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodié, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., El Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinié, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fülop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gál, K., Galassi, D., Gafézka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., García-Muñoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K. J., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Gorler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hall, S. A., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C. J., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Holzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horá:ek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iliasova, M., Lmrie, D., Lmrísek, M., Lngleby, J., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Isernia, N., lvanova-Stanik, I., Lvings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Jenaro Rodriguez, J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kashchuk, Yu, Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y. E. O., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kilpeläinen, J., Kim, C., Hyun-Tae, Kim, Kim, S. H., King, D. B., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiézek, I., Kukushkin, A. B., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Lane, C., Lascas Neto, E., Łaszyríska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Chanyoung, Lee, Lee, S. E., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., López, J. M., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V. P., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., de la Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Mäenpää, R., Maggi, C. F., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marceca, G., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovič, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martin, A. J., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M-L., Mazzi, S., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mcclenaghan, J., Mccullen, P., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcguckin, D., Mchugh, D., Mclntyre, G., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mcmillan, B., Mcnamee, L., Mcshee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C. J., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Militello Asp, A., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynář, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R. B., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K-M., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N’Konga, B., Yong-Su, Na, Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A. H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O’Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H. J. C., Olney, R., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L. W., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S. J. P., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V. V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereslavtsev, P., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Pires de Sá, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., van de Plassche, K. L., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F. M., Pompilian, O. G., Popovichev, S., Poradziński, M., Porfiri, M. T., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Réfy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M. L., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C. M., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Ramos, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Jaemin, Seo, Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stancar, Z., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strikwerda, S., Ström, P., Stuart, C. I., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H. J., Susts, T. E., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Tabia, B., Tadić, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A. S., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R. A., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., von Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Vallhagen, O., Valovič, M., Van Eester, D., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Virtanen, A. J., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondráček, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N. R., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Wedderburn Maxwell, H., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J. C., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R. J., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K. -D., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V. K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann &, Zychor, I., Vega, J, Murari, A, Dormido-Canto, S, Ratta, Ga, Gelfusa, M, Chiariello, A, JET Contributors, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Uppsala University, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, University of Helsinki, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Vega, J., Murari, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Ratta, G. A., Gelfusa, M., Mailloux, J., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A. G., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. A., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Yaala, M. B., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bilkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S. 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JET ,Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari ,General Physics and Astronomy ,artificial intellingence ,tokamaks ,magnetically confined plasma ,disruption predictions ,tokamak plasmas ,nuclear fusion - Abstract
openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under projects nos. PID2019-108377RB-C31 and PID2019-108377RB-C32. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (grant agreement no. 101052200 — EUROfusion). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Springer Nature Limited. In nuclear fusion reactors, plasmas are heated to very high temperatures of more than 100 million kelvin and, in so-called tokamaks, they are confined by magnetic fields in the shape of a torus. Light nuclei, such as deuterium and tritium, undergo a fusion reaction that releases energy, making fusion a promising option for a sustainable and clean energy source. Tokamak plasmas, however, are prone to disruptions as a result of a sudden collapse of the system terminating the fusion reactions. As disruptions lead to an abrupt loss of confinement, they can cause irreversible damage to present-day fusion devices and are expected to have a more devastating effect in future devices. Disruptions expected in the next-generation tokamak, ITER, for example, could cause electromagnetic forces larger than the weight of an Airbus A380. Furthermore, the thermal loads in such an event could exceed the melting threshold of the most resistant state-of-the-art materials by more than an order of magnitude. To prevent disruptionsor at least mitigate their detrimental effects, empirical models obtained with artificial intelligence methods, of which an overview is given here, are commonly employed to predict their occurrence—and ideally give enough time to introduce counteracting measures.
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- 2022
42. Improved flux-surface parameterization through constrained nonlinear optimization.
- Author
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Snoep, G., Koenders, J. T. W., Bourdelle, C., and Citrin, J.
- Subjects
POLOIDAL magnetic fields ,PARAMETERIZATION ,STANDARD deviations ,COST functions ,RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) ,CONSTRAINED optimization ,ROBUST optimization - Abstract
Parameterization of magnetic flux-surfaces is often used for magnetohydrodynamic stability analysis and microturbulence modeling in tokamaks. Shape parameters for such local parameterization of a (numerical) equilibrium are traditionally computed analytically using geometrically derived quantities. However, often the shape is approximated by the average of values for different sections of the flux-surface contour or a truncated series, which does not guarantee an optimal fit. Here, instead nonlinear least squares optimization is used to compute these parameters, with a weighted sum of squared error cost function that is robust to outliers. This method results in a lower total absolute error for both the parameterization of the flux-surface contour and the poloidal magnetic field density than current methods for several parameterizations based on the well-known "Miller geometry." Furthermore, rapid convergence of shape parameters is achieved, no approximate geometric measurements of the contour are needed, and the method is applicable to any analytical shape parameterization. Validation with local, linear gyrokinetic simulations using these optimized shape parameters showed reduced root mean square errors in both the growth rate and frequency spectra when compared with simulations based on numerical equilibria. In particular, the popular Turnbull–Miller parameterization benefits from this approach, extending its usability closer toward the last-closed flux-surface for cases with minor up-down asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. UNDERSTANDING TUNGSTEN ACCUMULATION DURING ICRH OPERATION ON WEST
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Maget, P, Manas, P, Dumont, R, Angioni, C, Artaud, J-F, Bourdelle, C, Colas, L, Devynck, P, Fajardo, D, Fedorczak, N, Goniche, M, Hillairet, J, Huynh, Philippe, Morales, Jorge, Ostuni, Valeria, Vezinet, Didier, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), WEST team, Max-Planck-Institut, EPS, The WEST Team, European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), European Project: 101052200,Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon Europe through a joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium,EUROfusion, WEST Team, icard, valerie, Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium - EUROfusion - - H20202014-01-01 - 2018-12-31 - 633053 - VALID, and EUROfusion - EUROfusion - - Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon Europe through a joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium0000-00-00 - 0000-00-00 - 101052200 - VALID
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,[NLIN] Nonlinear Sciences [physics] ,[NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics] - Abstract
International audience; y The transport of impurities in a tokamak with metallic walls can lead to accumulation events and radiative collapses, and this is particularly true when neoclassical transport is enhanced by sources of impurity poloidal asymmetry [1, 2]. On WEST, where the RF heating scheme (torque-free without core particle sources) is relevant for ITER operation, these events are rare, but still radiative collapses are sometimes observed [3, 4]. The physics of collisional tungsten transport in this case involves 3 main channels: i) a direct channel by which the hydrogen temperature anisotropy driven by ICRH drives a poloidal asymmetry of the electrostatic potential, ii) a non-linear channel by which the tungsten accumulation mitigates the ICRH drive by increasing the parallel temperature of the fast ions and reducing the temperature anisotropy in a self-limited process, and iii) an indirect channel related with the ICRH induced toroidal rotation. The role of Finite Orbit Width (FOW) effects is found to be instrumental : it strongly reduces the hydrogen temperature anisotropy, the favorable Hydrogen Temperature Screening (HTS) effect, and the electron heat source. The tungsten peaking as a function of toroidal rotation and ICRH power shows 2 possible branches consistent with bolometry inversion, one with a peaking driven by ICRH and one with a peaking driven by rotation. The condition for a radiative collapse in the core brings an additional constraint, and indicates that the electron heat source is probably much lower than computed, suggesting important losses of fast ions in the ripple. The radiative collapse would then be due to a limited electron heat source and a tungsten peaking driven by the induced rotation. This peaking is initially moderate, and it is reinforced during the collapse as the temperature screening effect reverses
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- 2022
44. Operational domain for the new 3MW/1000s ECRH System on WEST
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Fonghetti, Théo, Dumont, Rémi, Giruzzi, Gerardo, Artaud, Jean François, Bernard, Jean-Michel, Bouquey, Francis, Bourdelle, C., Léna, Delpech, Hillairet, Julien, Maget, Patrick, Manas, Pierre, Mollard, Patrick, Morales, Jorge, Ostuni, Valeria, Robinet, B., CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM)
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] - Abstract
International audience
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- 2022
45. Integrated modelling and multiscale gyrokinetic validation study of ETG turbulence in a JET hybrid H-mode scenario
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Citrin, J., primary, Maeyama, S., additional, Angioni, C., additional, Bonanomi, N., additional, Bourdelle, C., additional, Casson, F.J., additional, Fable, E., additional, Görler, T., additional, Mantica, P., additional, Mariani, A., additional, Sertoli, M., additional, Staebler, G., additional, and Watanabe, T., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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46. Recent progress in L-H transition studies at JET:Tritium, helium, hydrogen and deuterium
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Solano, E. R., Delabie, E., Birkenmeier, G., Silva, C., Hillesheim, J. C., Vincenzi, P., Nielsen, A. H., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Baciero, A., Aleiferis, S., Balboa, I., Boboc, A., Bourdelle, C., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Chernyshova, M., Coelho, R., Craciunescu, T., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Luna, E. De La, Flanagan, J., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Frassinetti, L., Gallart, D., Garcia, J., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gromelski, W., Henriques, R., Horvath, L., Jacquet, P., Jepu, I., Kappatou, A., Keeling, D. L., King, D., Kowalska-Strzȩciwilk, E., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Litherland-Smith, E., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Loarte, A., Lomanowski, B., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M. J., Manzanares, A., Maslov, M., Meigs, A.G., Monakhov, I., Morales, R.B., Nina, D., Noble, C., Parail, V., Diaz, F. Parra, Pawelec, E., Pucella, Gianluca, Réfy, D., Righi-Steele, E., Rimini, F.G., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Sertoli, M., Shaw, A, Silburn, S., Sirén, P., Štancar, Žiga, Sun, H., Szepesi, G., Taylor, D., Tholerus, E., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, G., Viola, B., Weisen, H., Wilson, T., Solano, E. R., Delabie, E., Birkenmeier, G., Silva, C., Hillesheim, J. C., Vincenzi, P., Nielsen, A. H., Rasmussen, J. Juul, Baciero, A., Aleiferis, S., Balboa, I., Boboc, A., Bourdelle, C., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Chernyshova, M., Coelho, R., Craciunescu, T., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Luna, E. De La, Flanagan, J., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Frassinetti, L., Gallart, D., Garcia, J., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gromelski, W., Henriques, R., Horvath, L., Jacquet, P., Jepu, I., Kappatou, A., Keeling, D. L., King, D., Kowalska-Strzȩciwilk, E., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Litherland-Smith, E., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Loarte, A., Lomanowski, B., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M. J., Manzanares, A., Maslov, M., Meigs, A.G., Monakhov, I., Morales, R.B., Nina, D., Noble, C., Parail, V., Diaz, F. Parra, Pawelec, E., Pucella, Gianluca, Réfy, D., Righi-Steele, E., Rimini, F.G., Robinson, T., Saarelma, S., Sertoli, M., Shaw, A, Silburn, S., Sirén, P., Štancar, Žiga, Sun, H., Szepesi, G., Taylor, D., Tholerus, E., Vartanian, S., Verdoolaege, G., Viola, B., Weisen, H., and Wilson, T.
- Abstract
We present an overview of results from a series of L-H transition experiments undertaken at JET since the installation of the ITER-like-wall (JET-ILW), with beryllium wall tiles and a tungsten divertor. Tritium, helium and deuterium plasmas have been investigated. Initial results in tritium show ohmic L-H transitions at low density and the power threshold for the L-H transition (PLH) is lower in tritium plasmas than in deuterium ones at low densities, while we still lack contrasted data to provide a scaling at high densities. In helium plasmas there is a notable shift of the density at which the power threshold is minimum ( ¯ne,min ) to higher values relative to deuterium and hydrogen references. Above ¯ne,min (He) the L-H power threshold at high densities is similar for D and He plasmas. Transport modelling in slab geometry shows that in helium neoclassical transport competes with interchange-driven transport, unlike in hydrogen isotopes. Measurements of the radial electric field in deuterium plasmas show that Er shear is not a good indicator of proximity to the L-H transition. Transport analysis of ion heat flux in deuterium plasmas show a non-linearity as density is decreased below ¯ne,min. Lastly, a regression of the JET-ILW deuterium data is compared to the 2008 ITPA scaling law.
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- 2022
47. Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation
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Mailloux, J, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alekseev, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, Begolli, A, Beidler, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Belli, E, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Ben Yaala, M, Benayas, J, Bentley, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bickerton, S, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Bierwage, A, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Birkenmeier, G, Bishop, H, Bizarro, J, Blackburn, J, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Bonofiglo, P, Boocock, S, Booth, A, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Boyd, K, Mihalic, I, Bradnam, S, Braic, V, Brandt, L, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Brix, M, Bromley, K, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burgess, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, de la Cal, E, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Calado, R, Camenen, Y, Canal, G, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casiraghi, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catalan, J, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Challis, C, Chamberlain, B, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colangeli, A, Colas, L, Collins, C, Collins, J, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, B, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, P, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Cox, P, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Craven, D, Craven, R, Esposito, M, Croci, G, Croft, D, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cronin, T, Cruz, N, Crystal, C, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarski, T, Dabirikhah, H, Dal Molin, A, Dale, E, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, David, P, Davies, A, Davies, S, Davis, G, Dawson, K, Dawson, S, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Dempsey, A, Dendy, R, Devynck, P, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickson, T, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerner, R, Donne, A, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, R, Dreval, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Drummond, G, Duckworth, P, Dudding, H, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunatov, T, Dunne, M, Durodie, F, Dux, R, Dvornova, A, Eastham, R, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eichorn, A, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, El Haroun, H, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Embreus, O, Emery, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, A, Estrada, T, Evans, G, Evans, S, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falessi, M, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Farquhar, I, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, R, Fernandes, A, Fernandes, H, Ferrand, J, Ferreira, D, Ferreira, J, Ferro, G, Fessey, J, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fiorucci, D, Fischer, U, Fishpool, G, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontana, M, Fontdecaba, J, Forbes, S, Formisano, A, Fornal, T, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Fowler, C, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fulop, T, Furseman, M, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gadariya, D, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, C, Gibson, K, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Glen, R, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborodko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gore, S, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gotts, N, Goulding, R, Gow, E, Graham, B, Graves, J, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Gupta, N, Gurl, C, Gusarov, A, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hagg, L, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamaguchi, D, Hamed, M, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harford, E, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hayashi, T, Hazael, S, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, B, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hill, J, Hillesheim, J, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hoenen, O, Hogben, C, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Hollmann, E, Holzl, M, Homan, B, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Horsley, D, Horsten, N, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Howell, R, Hu, Z, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Huijsmans, G, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iliasova, M, Imrie, D, Imrisek, M, Ingleby, J, Innocente, P, Bjork, K, Isernia, N, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ivings, E, Jablonski, S, Jachmich, S, Jackson, T, Jacquet, P, Jarleblad, H, Jaulmes, F, Rodriguez, J, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Jones, C, Jones, G, Jones, L, Jones, N, Jones, T, Joyce, A, Juarez, R, Juvonen, M, Kaltiaisenaho, T, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Kashchuk, Y, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Kelly, R, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kennedy, D, Kent, J, Khan, K, Khilkevich, E, Kiefer, C, Kilpelainen, J, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, S, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klas, M, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Kneale, G, Knight, M, Knight, P, Knights, R, Knipe, S, Knolker, M, Knott, S, Kocan, M, Kochl, F, Kodeli, I, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Kos, B, Kos, D, Koslowski, H, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Koziol, K, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krishnan, N, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Kukushkin, A, Kumpulainen, H, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurotaki, H, Kwak, S, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lagzdina, E, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, B, Lane, C, Neto, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Learoyd, G, Lee, C, Lee, S, Leerink, S, Leeson, T, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Gutierrez, E, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lewis, J, Leysen, W, Li, L, Li, Y, Likonen, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litherland-Smith, E, Liu, F, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lopez, J, Lorenzini, R, Loreti, S, Losada, U, Loschiavo, V, Loughlin, M, Louka, Z, Lovell, J, Lowe, T, Lowry, C, Lubbad, S, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, de la Luna, E, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Lyons, B, Lyssoivan, A, Machielsen, M, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Magness, M, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Maingi, R, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marceca, G, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Mariani, A, Mariano, G, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsden, S, Marsh, J, Marshall, R, Martellucci, L, Martin, A, Martone, R, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Masuzaki, S, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazzi, S, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcguckin, D, Mchugh, D, Mcintyre, G, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcmillan, B, Mcnamee, L, Mcshee, A, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meekes, C, Meghani, K, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merriman, S, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Michling, R, Middleton, P, Middleton-Gear, D, Mietelski, J, Milanesio, D, Milani, E, Militello, F, Asp, A, Milnes, J, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Minghao, C, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Miyamoto, M, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moody, T, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Morales, J, Morales, R, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Morgan, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Morrison, K, Msero, L, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Mundy, T, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Muthusonai, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naden, M, Naish, J, Naish, R, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nestoras, I, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, A, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Nunn, E, Nystrom, H, Oberparleiter, M, Obryk, B, O'Callaghan, J, Odupitan, T, Oliver, H, Olney, R, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Organ, E, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Otsuka, T, Owen, A, Oya, Y, Oyaizu, M, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Packer, L, Paige, S, Pajuste, E, Palade, D, Pamela, S, Panadero, N, Panontin, E, Papadopoulos, A, Papp, G, Papp, P, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Parisi, J, Diaz, F, Parsloe, A, Parsons, M, Parsons, N, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pau, A, 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Radulovic, V, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Ralph, G, Ramogida, G, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Rebai, M, Refy, D, Reichle, R, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reynolds, S, Richiusa, M, Richyal, S, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Ramos, M, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rossi, R, Rowe, S, Rowlands, D, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruiz, M, Ruiz, J, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Sanders, I, Sandiford, D, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sarkimaki, K, Sarwar, R, Sarychev, I, Sauter, O, Sauwan, P, Scapin, N, Schluck, F, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schworer, D, Scott, G, Scott, M, Scraggs, D, Scully, S, Segato, M, Seo, J, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Sharapov, S, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Sheikh, U, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, 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Esquisabel, AL, Ferreira, DR, Field, AR, Fontdecaba, JM, Gerasimov, SN, Giacalone, JC, Gibson, KJ, Graves, JP, Hall, SA, Ham, CJ, Harrison, JR, Hatch, DR, Hawkes, NC, Henderson, SS, Henriques, RB, Hillesheim, JC, Horton, LD, Huijsmans, GTA, Bjork, KI, Rodriguez, JJ, Kazakov, YO, Keeling, DL, Kim, HT, Kim, SH, King, DB, Kiptily, VG, Kirov, KK, Koslowski, HR, Kukushkin, AB, Kwon, OJ, Lambertz, HT, Neto, EL, Lawson, KD, Lee, SE, Leggate, HJ, Gutierrez, EL, Lomas, PJ, Lopez, JM, Loschiavo, VP, Lungu, CP, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, MJ, Martin, AJ, Matthews, GF, Mayoral, ML, McAdams, R, McCarthy, PJ, McClements, KG, McClenaghan, J, McCullen, P, McDonald, DC, McGuckin, D, McHugh, D, McIntyre, G, McKean, R, McKehon, J, McMillan, B, McNamee, L, McShee, A, Meekes, CJ, Meigs, AG, Asp, AM, Morales, RB, Morrison, KM, Na, YS, Nave, MFF, Neverov, VS, Nielsen, AH, Nobs, CR, Noterdaeme, JM, Oliver, HJC, Packer, LW, Pamela, SJP, Parail, VV, Diaz, FP, Soldan, CP, Cippo, EP, von Thun, CP, de Sa, WP, dos Reis, AP, van de Plassche, KL, Poli, FM, Pompilian, OG, Porfiri, MT, Rasmussen, JJ, Richiusa, ML, Rimini, FG, Roach, CM, Ramos, MR, Ruiz, JR, Schneider, PA, Sharapov, SE, Silburn, SA, Sipila, SK, Sips, ACC, Solano, ER, Strauss, HR, Stuart, CI, Sun, HJ, Susts, TE, Teimane, AS, Tinguely, RA, Turner, MM, Olivares, PV, Rinati, GV, Virtanen, AJ, Walkden, NR, Maxwell, HW, Williams, JC, Wright, JC, Zabolockis, RJ, Zaitsev, FS, Fernandez, DZ, Zastrow, KD, and Zotta, VK
- Abstract
The JET 2019-2020 scientific and technological programme exploited the results of years of concerted scientific and engineering work, including the ITER-like wall (ILW: Be wall and W divertor) installed in 2010, improved diagnostic capabilities now fully available, a major neutral beam injection upgrade providing record power in 2019-2020, and tested the technical and procedural preparation for safe operation with tritium. Research along three complementary axes yielded a wealth of new results. Firstly, the JET plasma programme delivered scenarios suitable for high fusion power and alpha particle (alpha) physics in the coming D-T campaign (DTE2), with record sustained neutron rates, as well as plasmas for clarifying the impact of isotope mass on plasma core, edge and plasma-wall interactions, and for ITER pre-fusion power operation. The efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injector for mitigating disruption forces and runaway electrons was demonstrated. Secondly, research on the consequences of long-term exposure to JET-ILW plasma was completed, with emphasis on wall damage and fuel retention, and with analyses of wall materials and dust particles that will help validate assumptions and codes for design and operation of ITER and DEMO. Thirdly, the nuclear technology programme aiming to deliver maximum technological return from operations in D, T and D-T benefited from the highest D-D neutron yield in years, securing results for validating radiation transport and activation codes, and nuclear data for ITER.
- Published
- 2022
48. Power balance analysis at the L-H transition in JET-ILW NBI-heated deuterium plasmas
- Author
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JET Contributors, Vincenzi, P., Solano, E.R., Delabie, E., Bourdelle, C., Snoep, G., Baciero, A., Birkenmeier, G., Carvalho, P., Cavedon, M., Chernyshova, M., Citrin, J., Fontdecaba, J.M., Hillesheim, J.C., Huber, A., Maggi, C., Menmuir, S., Parra, F.I., JET Contributors, Vincenzi, P., Solano, E.R., Delabie, E., Bourdelle, C., Snoep, G., Baciero, A., Birkenmeier, G., Carvalho, P., Cavedon, M., Chernyshova, M., Citrin, J., Fontdecaba, J.M., Hillesheim, J.C., Huber, A., Maggi, C., Menmuir, S., and Parra, F.I.
- Abstract
The understanding of the physics underlying the L-H transition has strong implications for ITER experimental reactor and demonstration power plant (DEMO). In many tokamaks, including JET, it has been observed that, at a particular plasma density, n e,min, the power necessary to access H-mode PL-H is minimum. In the present work, L-H transitions of JET deuterium plasmas heated by neutral beam injection (NBI) are studied for the first time by means of a power balance analysis to characterize the main contributions in the transition, through integrated transport modelling. In the pulses analysed, we do observe a minimum of the L-H power threshold in density, indicating the presence of density branches and of n e,min. Electron and ion heat fluxes at the transition are estimated separately. The electron/ion equipartition power results in favour of the ions, as shown by QuaLiKiz quasilinear gyrokinetic simulations, which predict a larger ion transport that causes T e > T i. The resulting edge ion heat flux also shows a clear change of slope below n e,min, similarly to ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG) NBI pulses (Ryter et al 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 083003). JET NBI data are compared to radio-frequency heated AUG and Alcator C-mod pulses (Schmidtmayr et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 056003), showing a different trend of the power, coupled to ions at the L-H transition with respect to the linearity observed in the radio-frequency heated plasmas. The presence of n e,min and the role of the ion heat flux is discussed in the paper, although it seems it is not possible to explain the presence of a PL-H minimum in density by a critical ion heat flux and by the equipartition power for the JET NBI-heated plasmas analysed.
- Published
- 2022
49. Advances in prediction of tokamak experiments with theory-based models
- Author
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Staebler, G.M., Knolker, M., Snyder, P., Angioni, C., Fable, E., Luda, T., Bourdelle, C., Garcia, J., Citrin, J., Marin, M., Kim, H.T., Kinsey, J., Lee, C.Y., Na, Yong Su, Park, J.M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Wu, M., Staebler, G.M., Knolker, M., Snyder, P., Angioni, C., Fable, E., Luda, T., Bourdelle, C., Garcia, J., Citrin, J., Marin, M., Kim, H.T., Kinsey, J., Lee, C.Y., Na, Yong Su, Park, J.M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., and Wu, M.
- Abstract
The successful validation of theory-based models of transport, magnetohydrodynamic stability, heating and current drive, with tokamak measurements over the last 20 years, has laid the foundation for a new era where these models can be routinely used in a 'predict first' approach to design and predict the outcomes of experiments on tokamaks today. The capability to predict the plasma confinement and core profiles with a quantified uncertainty, based on a multi-machine, international, database of experience, will provide confidence that a proposed discharge will remain within the operational limits of the tokamak. Developing this predictive capability for the first generation of burning plasma devices, beginning with ITER, and progressing to tokamak demonstration reactors, is a critical mission of fusion energy research. Major advances have been made implementing this predict first methodology on today's tokamaks. An overview of several of these recent advances will be presented, providing the integrated modeling foundations of the experimental successes. The first steps to include boundary plasmas, and tokamak control systems, have been made. A commitment to predicting experiments as part of the planning process is needed in order to collect predictive accuracy data and evolve the models and software into a robust whole discharge pulse design simulator.
- Published
- 2022
50. Integrated modelling and multiscale gyrokinetic validation study of ETG turbulence in a JET hybrid H-mode scenario
- Author
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JET Contributors, Citrin, J., Maeyama, S., Angioni, C., Bonanomi, N., Bourdelle, C., Casson, F.J., Fable, E., Görler, T., Mantica, P., Mariani, A., Sertoli, M., Staebler, G., Watanabe, T., JET Contributors, Citrin, J., Maeyama, S., Angioni, C., Bonanomi, N., Bourdelle, C., Casson, F.J., Fable, E., Görler, T., Mantica, P., Mariani, A., Sertoli, M., Staebler, G., and Watanabe, T.
- Abstract
Previous studies with first-principle-based integrated modelling suggested that electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence may lead to an anti-gyroBohm isotope scaling in JET high-performance hybrid H-mode scenarios. A dedicated comparison study against higher-fidelity turbulence modelling invalidates this claim. Ion-scale turbulence with magnetic field perturbations included, can match the power balance fluxes within temperature gradient error margins. Multiscale gyrokinetic simulations from two distinct codes produce no significant ETG heat flux, demonstrating that simple rules-of-thumb are insufficient criteria for its onset.
- Published
- 2022
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